The winter season today is not such a serious obstacle to developers. Building a house in winter is quite possible if the builders follow all the rules and restrictions. However, at the same time, all the factors of restrictions at this time of the year lead to such a phenomenon as a winter rise in construction costs. We will just tell about it.
With a normative increase in the cost of performing work in the winter period of the year, the following main factors are taken into account:
1. Labor productivity of workers.
2. Increased time to perform typical outdoor work due to the peculiarities of the winter period.
3. Possible damage to materials at sub-zero temperatures.
The coefficient of winter appreciation in construction and the methodology for its calculation are based on approved data from such regulatory documents as GSN (estimated norms established by the state) 81-05-02-2007 and GSNr (estimated norms established by the state for repair and construction types of work)81 -05-02-2001, containing the normative value of the rise in price for all types of construction work.
The reference book GSN 81-05-02-2007 takes into account the costs required to perform work on newly organized construction, with partial or complete reconstruction and for the technical re-equipment of enterprises. This document is divided into three main parts:
The GSNr 81-05-02-2001 reference book contains amendments that are applied when performing major repairs or reconstruction of any type of facilities. The norms indicated in the handbook are average for the year and take into account the territorial coefficient, depending on the climatic zone of the place of work and the proportion of the cold period in the year. The reference book also provides information recommended for calculations on classifying any region of the Russian Federation as a temperature zone.
Additionally, "winter" coefficients can also be found in the RSN (methodology for determining the cost of all construction) 8.01.105-2007. Directive RSN 8.01.105.2007 contains all the necessary costly corrections in relation to structures or work performed, indicating additional sources to clarify these coefficients.
If the performance of all types of work is carried out by the customer without the involvement of third-party organizations, then the coefficients are taken into account at his discretion. Otherwise, if contractors are involved under the contract, then the cost coefficients are taken into account if the deadline for the performance of work affects even a short period of the cold season.
Additional costs should be taken into account when developing budget documents at the stage of preparing a contract. Winter appreciation can be calculated both in relation to the entire estimate, and taking into account individual works - by agreement between the parties to the contract. The best option for compiling estimate documentation is to use special programs with the ability to select the necessary coefficients, which are normative.
The correction factors in the appendices to the State Estimated Standards are mandatory and are not subject to change for organizations throughout the construction industry, with the exception of doing work on their own. All coefficients included in the handbooks are percentages that should be added to the estimated cost of similar work performed at positive temperatures.
The greatest rise in price arises when it is necessary to carry out earthworks manually, associated with the development of frozen or freezing soil. In some regions, the rise in price reaches 100% of the estimated estimate of work.
Less expensive are the work performed indoors, as well as those associated with materials that do not change their properties when frozen.
Standard work performed during the construction of public or residential facilities in winter becomes more expensive by an average of 10%.
The term “Winter rise in price” itself means that the customer will be forced to pay more for the performance of work. And yet, if an increasing coefficient is applied to all types of construction work in the winter, is it possible to find some benefit and try to save money without losing the quality of work?
As practice shows, the conclusion of contracts in the cold season is more profitable for customers. Increasing competition among construction organizations after the end of the main construction season leads to a decrease in the cost of their services. Many of these organizations provide a system of discounts.
Savings are also possible in cases where it is planned to build a wooden object, you should know that winter wood is cheaper than summer wood, without being inferior in quality.
At the stage of construction planning, the specialists of the customer organization must adhere to the most favorable course for the enterprise and take into account all the factors for reducing the contract price, if the application of the “winter” coefficient cannot be dispensed with.
SYSTEM OF NORMATIVE AND METHODOLOGICAL
DOCUMENTS IN CONSTRUCTION
GSN 81-05-02-2007
ESTIMATE NORMS
ADDITIONAL COSTS
IN PRODUCTION
CONSTRUCTION AND INSTALLATION
WINTER WORK
Edition 2,
modified and supplemented
Moscow 2007
These State Estimated Standards (GSN) are intended for a wide range of specialists involved in the development of estimate documentation in construction.
DEVELOPED Federal Center for Pricing in Construction and Building Materials Industry.
IN REPLACEMENT Collection of estimated norms of additional costs in the production of construction and installation works in winter (GSN 81-05-02-2001), put into effect by the Decree of the Gosstroy of Russia dated 19.06.01 No. 62.
This Collection of estimated norms is intended to determine additional costs in the production of construction and installation works in the winter.
The provisions and estimated norms given in this Collection are recommended for use by enterprises of the construction complex when determining the estimated cost of building new ones, reconstructing, expanding and technically re-equipping existing enterprises, buildings and structures, performing repair and construction work at industrial construction projects carried out on the territory of the Russian Federation. Federation, as well as when paying for work performed.
This edition of the Collection, supplemented and corrected, has been prepared taking into account the suggestions and comments of customer organizations and contractors, design organizations, regional centers for pricing in construction, based on the practice of applying the 2001 estimate and regulatory framework.
Comments and suggestions on this Collection of estimated norms should be sent to:
119991, Russian Federation, Moscow, st. Builders, d. 8, bldg. 2
1. The norms of this Collection are intended to determine the additional costs in the production of construction and installation work in the winter (winter period) 1 .
1 The concept of "winter time (winter period)" includes the part of the year with an average daily outdoor temperature below 0°C according to the Russian Climate Handbook.
The norms take into account additional costs when performing construction and installation works in winter, due to a number of factors associated with the impact of negative air temperature, as well as wind speeds up to 10 m/s inclusive.
These factors include:
a) factors affecting the decline in labor productivity:
Restriction of the movement of workers with warm clothes and the inconvenience of working in mittens;
Deterioration of visibility in winter at the workplace; the presence of ice and snow in the workplace; icing of shoes, materials, structures and tools; the need in the process of work to periodically clear the workplace, materials, etc. from snow;
Loss of working time associated with a break in work to heat workers at outdoor temperatures from -20°С to -35°С and due to the reduction of the working day at temperatures below -30°С;
Decrease in winter productivity of construction machines and mechanisms;
b) complications in technological processes caused by low temperatures (preparation of temporary structures for heating workers, insulation of temporary water supply networks and tanks, use of concrete and mortar insulation during transportation);
c) the need to use special methods for the production of construction and installation works at a negative outdoor temperature:
Loosening of frozen soils;
Protection of soils from freezing;
Soil thawing;
Application of fast-hardening concretes and mortars;
Introduction to concretes and solutions of chemical additives;
Application of electric heating of concrete;
Heating of products, ends of pipes and cables;
Arrangement and dismantling of conventional greenhouses - the simplest technological shelters, incl. tarpaulin, film, shield, etc. 2
Protection of workplaces from snow drifts, etc.;
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2 The cost of installing special technological shelters (greenhouses) must be determined additionally. Special ones include technological shelters constructed in accordance with design solutions for their installation.
d) additional costs and loss of materials when performing work in winter.
2. The collection consists of three sections:
Section I. Estimated norms by types of construction.
The norms of Section I are intended to determine the estimated limit of funds for additional costs associated with the production of work in the winter as a whole for the construction site, as well as for year-round settlements between customers and general contractors.
Section II. Estimated norms for structures and types of work.
The norms of Section II are applied when making payments for completed construction and installation work between general contractors and subcontractors or between customers and direct contractors.
Cost rates for structures and types of work are the basis for the development of rates for types of construction.
Section III. Estimated norms for temporary heating of buildings.
The norms of Section III are applied in determining the cost of temporary heating of buildings completed in the rough 1 and calculations for the work performed for the temporary heating of these buildings.
1 Roughly finished buildings are buildings with erected walls, top covering and filling of all openings.
3. The norms of Section III are used in the development of estimated norms for types of construction.
The rates of additional costs for types of construction and for structures and types of work are developed as a percentage of the estimated cost of construction and installation work performed at a positive outside temperature.
4. The rates of additional costs are differentiated by temperature zones depending on the temperature conditions of the winter period, which are given in tab. one.
Temperature zones | Indicators of the average monthly, negative temperatures of the winter period, °C |
5. The temperature zone and the duration of the estimated winter period for each specific construction site should be taken in accordance with its location in accordance with the territorial division of Russia, given in Annex 1, regardless of the actual outdoor temperature during the work.
6. In areas located south of temperature zone I, additional costs caused by specific conditions for the production of work in the winter season can be reimbursed to organizations performing work, according to the standards established for temperature zone I, for working days with an average daily outdoor temperature below 0 °C. At the same time, the amount of additional costs calculated for the entire scope of work performed is reduced in proportion to the ratio of the number of working days with an average daily outdoor temperature below 0 ° C to the total number of calendar working days for the period of performance of the entire scope of work. The number of working days with a negative temperature is taken on the basis of the data of the meteorological service, and if it is not available in the given area, on the basis of the data of the customer and contractor.
7. Additional costs for the reconstruction, expansion and technical re-equipment of existing production facilities (with the exception of those serving housing and communal services) in winter are determined in accordance with the relevant standards of this Collection from the estimated cost of construction and installation works calculated in accordance with the project.
Additional costs for the reconstruction of residential and public buildings are determined according to the norms of Section I tab. 2 Collection of estimated norms GSNr 81-05-02-2001.
8. Additional costs in the production of repair and construction work in winter are determined by:
At industrial construction facilities (with the exception of industrial facilities serving housing and communal services) - according to the norms of Section I ( tab. four) and Section II ( tab. 5) with a coefficient of 0.8 applied to them;
During the overhaul of residential, public buildings, as well as industrial buildings and structures serving the housing and communal services - according to the Collection of Estimated Norms GSNr 81-05-02-2001.
9. In areas exposed to winds with a speed of more than 10 m/s, to the amount of additional costs calculated according to the estimated norms of this Collection, the customer may make additional payments in the form of coefficients for the number of windy days in the winter:
St. 10% to 30% - 1.05;
St. 30% - 1.08.
The basis for payment of additional costs associated with the impact of winds with a speed of more than 10 m/s in winter is the data of the current Climate Handbook or certificates from local hydrometeorological service authorities.
10. The norms of this Collection are averaged. The use of any additives or coefficients to them that are not specified in the General Provisions and the technical parts of the Collection is not allowed.
1. Additional costs in the production of construction and installation works in winter for certain types of construction are determined according to the norms tab. four as a percentage of the estimated cost of construction and installation works (columns 4 and 5) based on the results of chapters 1-8 of the consolidated estimate of the cost of construction.
The exception is the construction of subways and tunnels, the norms for which are in paragraph 5 tab. four set as a percentage of the estimated cost of the main work (without service processes) based on the results of chapters 2-7 of the consolidated estimate of the cost of construction. To take into account additional costs in the production of work in winter, taken into account in chapters 1 and 8 of the consolidated estimate, it is necessary to use the norms for other types of construction:
According to clause 3 “Road construction. 3.1. Development of the route and preparation of the construction site "- for work on the preparation of the construction site (Chapter 1 of the consolidated estimate calculation of the construction cost);
According to clause 7 “Construction of industrial and service buildings for operation. 7.1. Railway transport";
For temporary buildings and structures (Chapter 8 of the consolidated estimate calculation of the cost of construction).
2. The rates take into account all types of additional costs caused by the production of work in the winter, as well as temporary heating of buildings completed in the rough, with the exception of the following types of costs:
a) for temporary heating of buildings outside the heating period established by local administrative executive bodies to eliminate high humidity of structures or treated surfaces during finishing and other special works in accordance with the requirements of technical specifications. These costs should be determined in the manner prescribed by Section III of this Collection, taking into account the required period of temporary heating based on the calculation performed by the design organization;
b) for snow removal of access roads from highways to construction sites that are under construction, as well as for the initial snow removal of the building area of construction sites (taking into account the organization of the working area) starting in the winter. These costs are determined by calculation in accordance with the project;
c) snow fighting 1 in the regions of the Far North and areas equated to them, as well as in rural areas located within IV, V and VI temperature zones. The snow removal cost limit in the construction cost summary estimates can be determined based on data from other construction projects in these areas. In the absence of the specified data, the cost limit is calculated as a percentage of the estimated cost of construction and installation works based on the results of chapters 1-8 of the consolidated cost estimate for construction according to tab. 2.
1 Snow fighting - work to eliminate snow drifts caused by natural phenomena (blizzard, snowstorm, blizzard).
table 2
The customer's settlements with the contractor for snow removal work (if confirmed by certificates from the hydrometeorological service) should be made on the basis of the relevant norms and prices of Collection No. 1 "Earthworks".
3. The norms of this Section are annual averages and are applied year-round during the calculations for the performed construction and installation works, regardless of the actual time of the year during which the construction is carried out.
The exception is objects, the construction of which by the customer is planned to be carried out only in the summer. In this case, the norms of this Section do not apply in the preparation of estimate documentation and calculations for the completed construction and installation works.
4. The norms adopted the values of the specific weight of the duration of winter time in a year, given in tab. 3.
Temperature zones | Share of winter period in a year (average) |
5. The duration of the winter period in certain parts of the territory assigned to a certain temperature zone may differ from the average zone, in this regard, to the average annual rates of additional costs tab. four, the coefficients given in Annex 1.
6. For residential and public buildings, additional costs in the production of construction and installation works in winter should be taken according to the norms tab. four Clause 11, regardless of the type of construction in general.
7. The rates of additional costs given in tab. four 1.28 (Warehouses and storage facilities), 1.29 (Precast concrete elevators), 1.30 (In-situ reinforced concrete elevators), 2 (Energy construction), 3 (Road construction), 8 (Construction of buildings and communication facilities), 13 (Construction external pipelines) and 14.4 (Planting and transplanting trees and shrubs) are applied in cases where these works are provided for by independent design and estimate documentation.
In other cases, for these works, it is necessary to apply the rules tab. four on the relevant types of industrial, housing and civil, agricultural, water management and other types of construction.
8. When applying the norms of this Section to determine additional costs in areas located south of temperature zone I, the amount of additional costs calculated in the manner provided for in clause 6 of the General Provisions is multiplied by a factor of 4.3, which determines the ratio of the length of the year in days to the length winter period in the I temperature zone.
9. For types of construction not provided for in tab. four, it is allowed to apply the norms of additional costs for similar types of construction. In the absence of analogues, the rates of additional costs are determined by calculation based on the following initial data for a specific construction site:
Indicators of the estimated cost of each type of structures and works, which make up the total estimated cost of construction and installation works on construction, including temporary (titular) buildings and structures;
Norms of additional costs for structures and types of work on tab. 5 Section II.
To the calculated amount of additional costs for all structures and types of work, it is necessary to add the costs for temporary heating of buildings completed in the rough, within the heating period, determined in the manner prescribed by Section III of the Collection. The resulting result of additional construction costs is recalculated into an average annual indicator using calculated coefficients that take into account the proportion of the duration of the winter period in a year ( tab. 3).
An example of calculating the rate of additional costs for a type of construction not provided for tab. four, is given in annex 2.
In a similar manner, estimated standards for additional costs for types of construction for which, in tab. four normative indicators for individual temperature zones are not given.
10. The application of estimated norms calculated in accordance with the procedure set forth in clause 9 for facilities whose construction is financed with the involvement of federal budget funds is recommended after their agreement with the relevant authorized federal executive body in the field of construction.
11. In the summary estimates of the cost of construction of industrial units, additional costs associated with the production of construction and installation works in winter are determined according to the relevant standards tab. four, based on the cost of construction and installation works for each enterprise under construction in the industrial hub.
Additional costs associated with the production of construction and installation works in winter, during the construction of auxiliary production facilities and farms, access roads and railways, power supply networks, water supply, sewerage and other facilities that are common to a group of enterprises of an industrial hub, are determined for each such object according to relevant standards tab. four.
12. Estimated rates of additional costs for the construction of objects of the mine surface of ferrous and non-ferrous metallurgy mines should be determined according to the rate established for coal industry enterprises (clause 1.3 tab. four).
13. The rates of additional costs in the production of construction and installation works in winter, associated with the construction of residential and public buildings, public utilities from monolithic reinforced concrete, are determined in accordance with the instructions of clause 9 of this Technical Part.
14. Estimated rates of additional costs in winter for the construction of residential buildings, given in tab. four, pp. 11.1-11.3 (Residential buildings large-panel, volume-block, brick, blocks, wooden), established for residential buildings, the projects of which do not take into account external engineering networks, intra-quarter planning and driveways, landscaping, landscaping, etc.
Estimated rates of additional costs in winter for the construction of residential buildings, the projects of which take into account external engineering networks, intra-quarter planning and driveways, landscaping, landscaping, etc., are determined according to the relevant standards tab. four(clauses 11.1-11.3) using coefficients that take into account the types of buildings:
large-panel, volume-block and wooden - 2;
brick and blocks - 1.7.
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1. Electronic applications in the field of competence of the Ministry of Construction of Russia filled in in accordance with the attached form are accepted for consideration.
2. An electronic appeal may contain a statement, complaint, proposal or request.
3. Electronic appeals sent through the official Internet portal of the Ministry of Construction of Russia are submitted for consideration to the department for working with citizens' appeals. The Ministry provides an objective, comprehensive and timely consideration of applications. Consideration of electronic appeals is free of charge.
4. In accordance with the Federal Law of May 2, 2006 N 59-FZ "On the procedure for considering applications from citizens of the Russian Federation", electronic applications are registered within three days and sent, depending on the content, to the structural divisions of the Ministry. The appeal is considered within 30 days from the date of registration. An electronic appeal containing issues, the solution of which is not within the competence of the Ministry of Construction of Russia, is sent within seven days from the date of registration to the appropriate body or the appropriate official, whose competence includes resolving the issues raised in the appeal, with notification of this to the citizen who sent the appeal.
5. An electronic appeal is not considered when:
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Photo: Alexey Sukhorukov / Zuma / TASS
Fashion retail expects another increase in prices for clothes and shoes after the “lull” in 2017. According to Fashion Consulting Group CEO Anna Lebsak-Kleymans, unlike food prices, prices for clothing and footwear usually rise with some delay, as increased spending on basic products leads to a “savings regime”, primarily on entertainment and wardrobe updates. . Fashion brands are postponing clothing price hikes to keep shoppers.
The ruble, which stabilized in 2017, has fallen noticeably again this year, and in two stages: in April it fell by 12% (from 57 to 64 rubles per dollar), and from the beginning of August to mid-September - by more than 12% (maximum - on September 12 - 69.97 rubles; the Central Bank exchange rate on September 25 - 66.15 rubles per dollar). The second important factor for the appreciation will be an increase from 1 January 2019, the main VAT rate from 18 to 20%: this will cause inflation to rise, and the statements of the Central Bank about the impossibility of controlling inflation further exacerbate the atmosphere of instability, Fashion Consulting Group notes.,> ,>
“Despite the fact that retailers are squeezing their margins to a minimum, delaying the moment of product repricing and trying to hide price increases as much as possible so as not to lose customers, the weakening of the ruble and the increase in VAT will inevitably lead to an increase in the cost of collections in 2019,” says Lebsak-Kleymans. “And since a business cannot work to its own detriment, a product of the same quality will inevitably increase in price next season.” According to her estimates, while maintaining the current exchange rate of the ruble, we can talk about an increase in prices for similar goods by 10-20% in the premium segment and by 5-10% in the budget segment, where the buyer is especially sensitive to price.
Pricing in the fashion segment is highly dependent on the exchange rate, agrees BAON President Ilya Yaroshenko. With the weakening of the ruble and the increase in VAT, the cost of collections will inevitably increase, which means that prices will also increase by 5-10%, he believes. As for the pricing of Western brands, it is entirely dependent on currency fluctuations, Russian manufacturers can reduce their dependence on the exchange rate by placing orders with domestic factories, but the fabrics still have to be imported, so the bulk of the purchase price is also pegged to the currency, he explained.
“The last word is with the customer, who will make a purchase only at a price that is acceptable to him, so retailers have to sacrifice margins to keep the price level,” says Yaroshenko. “Nevertheless, the margin of safety for companies is not unlimited, and past crises have already led to the fact that it becomes unrealistic to keep prices at the expense of their own resources, so in 2019 retail prices may rise in the same way as the currency.”
For importers, the unpredictability of the ruble exchange rate is the main problem, since contracts are concluded in euros, and sales are made in rubles, explained Denis Bogatyrev, CEO of BNS Group (distributor of Michael Kors, Topshop, Calvin Klein Jeans, Mexx, etc.). Accordingly, when the ruble weakens, prices in stores almost always rise in proportion to the exchange rate, and the only way for the company to reduce costs in the event of a sharp weakening of the ruble is to adjust the volume of purchases, to purchase less goods than originally planned.
Fashion retailers now have to fight for access to the consumer's wallet also with grocery retail, as the cost of the consumer basket is growing faster than wages, said Konstantin Nadezhdin, CEO of the Familia chain.
“We plan to stay in the current price ranges until the very end. Due to the specifics of the format, even in the long term, price growth will always be lower than the average in our sector,” Nadezhdin commented. - Since we have a large share of past collections, our pricing is based on the principle of a discount from past prices of regular retailers. It will take six months or a year before prices rise compared to the rest of the market.” At the same time, Familia admits that despite the fact that economic downturns are considered a time of growth for off-price retail, companies operating in this segment are also forced to shrink.
TSUM Chief Operating Officer Alexander Pavlov admits that fluctuations in the euro exchange rate will adjust retail prices for European brands: “Since we buy goods abroad, our ruble prices are pegged to the euro exchange rate and will change in accordance with it. Moreover, if you look at prices in euros, they are the same as in Europe.”
The representative of the Zenden shoe retailer Alexander Milykh said that the company sees no reason for a sharp rise in prices: “We plan to keep prices at the expense of margin, and personally we would not like to talk about survival, since we have quite ambitious plans for sales growth” .
Representatives of Bosco (manages Moscow GUM) and Jamilko (represents DKNY, New Balance, Escada, etc. in Russia) did not comment on the possible price increase.
How does the average check change?
In August 2018, the average check for clothes and shoes increased by 10% compared to August 2017 and amounted to 2.7-2.8 thousand rubles. for one trip to the store, the number of purchases increased by 5%, calculated the operator of fiscal data OFD Platform (part of the Sberbank group). The most popular purchases were sweaters, trousers, windbreakers and women's shoes. Nevertheless, if we compare March-August 2018 with the same period in 2017, we have to state that the average check decreased by 3%, and the number of purchases over the same period increased by almost 40%. The decrease in the average check in the company is explained by pre-autumn discounts: buyers adhere to the model of economical consumption and purchase goods as part of promotions.
The link between the ruble exchange rate and clothing prices is indirect, notes Lebsak-Kleymans, and competent retailers carry out the inevitable price increases as gently as possible. So, according to her, today there are many ways that allow you to divert attention from the price increase and focus on the profitability of the purchase - promotions, emphasis in advertising on sales periods, personalized loyalty programs.
In addition, many retailers find opportunities to offer individual items at low prices in collections, mainly due to cheaper materials and simplicity of design, and the presence of such items in the collections, if they are well presented on the trading floor and marked with bright price tags, makes the overall price increase less obvious and allows shoppers, even in a moment of austerity, to find something acceptable that keeps them from "leaking" to cheaper stores, she concluded.
In fashion retail, the winner is the one who competently combines the methods of regulating the final prices for collections - promotional offers, sales periods, loyalty programs, Yaroshenko agrees. Nevertheless, the exchange rate is not the only factor determining the stability of fashion segment companies: for example, for BAON, the autumn-winter season is the most important, since the company traditionally specializes in outerwear, and therefore a cold winter is more important for it than a stable exchange rate, he concluded. The weather factor will also play its positive role, the anomalous heat has ended, the temperature has returned to the calendar norm. Therefore, very soon sales of the autumn-winter collection will rise to the planned level.
