Investments should be not so much risky (sometimes the share of risk must still be present), but rather strategic and competent. That is why I often talk about diversification, which is especially important when we are looking for answers, what is an investment plan and what is its key task.
First of all, it is important to understand which instruments are effective: portfolio investments or stock purchases, business investments or HYIPs, and besides that, consider how long they are suitable. Achieving life goals, no matter what it is: buying a sofa or wintering in Mexico requires money. And about how to get them and get them throughout the entire period, draw up a plan on your own or entrust it to professionals, are there any restrictions on starting capital - about this and more and more in the article of my GQ Blog Monitor.
I want to immediately draw your attention, dear readers, that there is no one complete concept that would describe this term 100%. Since it is quite global and concerns everyone, it changes under the influence of various factors, it is customary to talk about 3 main directions in its explanation:
I keep pointing out that investment management is not only necessary, it is essential for investors with different portfolios. It is hard to imagine that you invest money and then stop doing it altogether, forgetting in which projects they are concentrated and what profit they bring. Money loves an account, but at the same time, such an investment plan, although similar to a business line, has several fundamental differences.
Considering the basic differences, I note the following:
When choosing trust management of an investment plan, experts will help you figure out where it is better to invest and for what period, what shares of risk in projects and form a strategy that regularly brings profit.
When thinking about where to invest the money of an investment plan, it is worth understanding the main structural components of this document. Although it is difficult to call it a document in the traditional sense of the word, in fact, it is a well-formed, sometimes even in tabular form, a plan indicating how much and where to invest in order to make a profit.
Often, it is the trust management of an investment plan that is chosen, since experts, taking into account current indicators and goals, draw up a plan in just a couple of days, select effective tools, and calculate risks. Among the basic components are:
I invite you to take a closer look at each of them.
You can’t invest the latter, and experts still recommend working with a maximum of 1/5 of the total total income. The feeling of greed has not yet helped anyone, therefore, I think that it is necessary to approach from the position of “receiving”, and not just “investing”. Start with small amounts, understand the principle, get to know each tool in more detail and increase the amount acquired over time. My advice is also that it is necessary to invest what has already been earned, and leave the body itself untouched.
When choosing where to invest the money of an investment plan, pay attention not only to financial conditions, but also on how much this or that tool works. It is always right to invest in projects that work for a week, a month or more, half a year, a year, then the profit, respectively, comes in regularly and evenly.
The total time indicator is calculated in advance, taking into account how much you need to get, how much start-up capital you have, how many working tools and how much each of them works.
Everyone chooses this indicator for themselves, but, as a rule, in one plan they combine both conservative methods (deposits, mutual funds) with small percentage indicators, and with solid ones - highly profitable HYIPs, lotteries, arbitrage exchange trading on large amounts. This indicator is purely individual: honestly answer yourself the question: how much are you willing to risk.
The complex system is calculated according to strictly designated indicators. A well-formed budget of investment costs allows you to minimize risks and purposefully move towards the goal. The document, which concentrates the individual indicators of each client, allows you to choose the best strategies for further development. It is cardinally important, he must be as honest as possible from different angles: with what you go into investing, and with the one that different tools offer.
This stage, in my opinion, is important in various areas of our activity, starting with when we ask ourselves where to get passive income or what is direct investment in a particular business. If we consider this fundamentally, then it is worth paying attention to the common global goal - to get a profit, become financially independent, afford more than before.
But in drawing up each specific plan, it is worth narrowing down the goal to a specific one - to accumulate the Nth amount, buy an apartment or a summer house, save for education, etc. When consideration begins actively, where to invest the money of the investment plan, take into account the error, as well as the fact that over a certain period of time money devalues and loses its value, so you need to leave a small margin.
A comprehensive development of an investment plan includes answers to several fundamental questions. Of course, they must be answered with the utmost honesty, so that the result is not long in coming, and the risks are minimal. The three important questions are:
A well-defined goal (purchasing an apartment or a car, monthly savings, a trip abroad) helps to calculate how much money is needed. I do not recommend drawing up a plan to be guided by the question “How much money is needed for happiness”, but it is necessary to accurately represent and know the market price of what you want.
Speaking about the investment plan, it is worth designating important point- objectively assess your financial situation and understand where you can get more from investments. Unlike a business plan, you don’t have to think about where you can show frugality and restraint, you just need to choose the right tools in our country or even consider investing abroad.
Current financial situation is based on several aspects, among which not only the inflation rate is important, but also the peg of the national currency to the dollar, the average amount of expenses per month, in what and how regularly you will receive payments. It cannot be said that the money in the wallet and on the cards is the whole financial situation.
A well-designed investment portfolio consists of precisely defined amounts of deposits, and also includes various instruments that can be considered as the main ones. In one of my videos, I said that for the HYIP industry, as a rule, I consider deposits of 200-300 dollars.
If you do not know how to determine how much you can invest, I suggest a few questions, the answers will help you decide:
We remember that when we consider options for where to invest the money of an investment plan, no one has yet canceled diversification. Distribute money in different directions and provide yourself with a stable profit.
The strategy is formed depending on the capital, terms of work, the goal set. Conservative implies a small number of instruments with minimal risk, plus or minus the same amount of investment for a short and medium period. Aggressive is aimed at projects with high risks, and, interestingly, can include both 2-3 tools, and a whole lot. The combined strategy focuses on the year and includes instruments with varying degrees of risk with small even amounts.
First of all, a competent and individual management program provides that you need to choose different tools:
I strongly recommend betting on several working options: HYIPs, buying shares, deposits, renting (of course, if there is something to rent). In order not to get lost in the directions used, keep a record, or trust it to your financial mentor.
Everyone needs an investment plan, and it is significant and convenient that it can be drawn up, both short-term and long-term. In the first case, it will help to collect in one place all worthy platforms for work and predict profits. The long-term one also includes the position of currency devaluation, but allows you to purposefully go towards a clearly defined financial goal. Among the main tasks I will highlight the following:
The goal in drawing up the plan is one, but large-scale - to get closer to the specific designated task by choosing one or another investment project, bank deposit, trading on the Forex market or crypto-exchange. Fortunately, there are really a lot of working tools. But the functions of such a document, which you can draw up yourself or approach this using the services of professionals, are several:
When it comes to money, especially a lot, I'm all for order and clearly defined strategies and plans. At the end of the material, let me summarize: an investment plan is needed both for beginners, and even more so for experienced investors, so as not only not to get lost in an abundance of tools and not to forget where and what is invested, but also to clearly, step by step, move towards the goal.
The form of the document can be varied (at least use a coated board in the kitchen and enter changed indicators daily), the main thing is competent selection, accounting and control, diversification. Traditionally, I wish you that the investment plan is not only competently and accurately drawn up, but also brings real, stable and expected (or even more) profit.
The opportunities provided by investment business plans are used by companies that, for example, are interested in a significant increase in their output. To accomplish this task, funds are required, production capacity, equipment. In order to achieve the planned results, firms are looking for new partners with whom they can conclude agreements to attract the required financial resources. Here you will need an investment business plan that can be demonstrated to investors, partners, and credit institutions. Among the main tasks that he solves are:
An investment business plan is a document that should contain concise and accurate information. It is drawn up in accordance with generally accepted rules. Documentation of this type is actively used for the implementation of planned medium- and long-term projects. Russian companies began to use investment business plans not so long ago. Domestic enterprises have a need to draw up such documentation in order to convince investors, including foreign ones, of the benefits of joint cooperation.
An investment business plan is usually used by organizations that have already achieved a certain position in the market. Such enterprises seek to conquer new niches, and this requires a thorough analysis, the search for reliable partners, and the reduction of risks to minimum values. Each stable functioning company needs to increase production volumes, modernize, and reduce the cost of its goods. To solve these problems, a business plan is also drawn up.
There are no strict requirements for the preparation of an investment business plan. This analytical document is drawn up in any form. Its content and structure depends on the specifics of the project. The only condition is that it must be taken into account who will use the document, for whom it is intended (investors, creditors, top management of the company, etc.). General rules drawing up investment business plans are as follows:
This is only part of the sections that should be located in the investment business plan. In this document, attention should be paid to marketing, organization structure, financial issues. All information should be presented concisely and concisely. During the presentation of the document, investors should focus on the positive components. Graphs, tables, diagrams usually help with this. Therefore, they also need to be included in the investment business plan.
You can justify your investment proposal using a special business plan. This document is a "bridge" between business and potential investors, authorities, credit institutions, commercial structures. It is he who can convince them of the profitability and profitability of the project. The value of an investment business plan should not be underestimated. If you understand the benefits that this document provides, then it will be used not only by large companies, but also by small-sized firms seeking to develop and succeed.
If only the calculations of the minimum allowable price made by the entrepreneur show a clear profitability of the implementation of such a project, then he takes further steps to prepare for the implementation of such a project. Profitability is determined by the excess of the expected market price over the estimated production costs, as well as the amount of capital invested.
The capital of any enterprise is divided into fixed and circulating.
The ratio between fixed and working capital is different in different industries, for example, in commercial enterprise, specializing in the sale of refrigerators, televisions, video and audio equipment, it is 10 times higher than that of a flower shop with the same turnover.
Some activities (for example, street entrepreneurship) do not require the presence of fixed capital. A boy who sells newspapers at a car crossroads does not need fixed capital, all his capital is circulating. However, the owner of a stationary newspaper kiosk needs both working capital and fixed capital.
Structure calculation example initial capital(in monetary units ah) below.
|
Main capital |
|
|
Building |
600 000 |
|
Main capital |
|
|
Raw material (stock) |
200 000 |
|
Total(total capital requirement) |
The prices shown in the capital structure are notional. When planning the project implementation process, the entrepreneur should make a preliminary assessment of the required funds.
Based on a preliminary assessment of the need for initial capital, the entrepreneur draws up a specific investment plan, that is, a reasonable (taking into account the prices in force at the time the plan was drawn up) and thoughtful (based on a comparative analysis of the forms and ways of investing) a plan for investing money in the implementation of the project.
An example of an investment plan (in monetary units) for organizing a children's toy business is shown below.
In drawing up this plan, we proceeded from the following preconditions:
An entrepreneur is always faced with the task of analyzing the ratio of costs and income. Of course, during the period of formation, this task for the entrepreneur is of particular importance, since then minimization of expenses and maximization of income are important. This is what the entrepreneur pays primary attention to at the stage of both preliminary calculations and the implementation of an entrepreneurial project.
At the stage of preliminary calculations, the entrepreneur is usually concerned with finding the most economical way to obtain everything necessary for organizing the production process. How is this achieved?
First, a comparative analysis of all options getting everything you need to get started practical implementation project. Suppose you are planning to open your own enterprise and you need a room to house your production.
Imagine the most ideal situation when there are several proposals:
1. You can buy a suitable building for 800 thousand monetary units (total area 1200 sq. m.) and for 950 thousand monetary units (total area 1450 sq. m.);
2. You can rent a building with the condition rent in the amount of 60 thousand monetary units per year;
3. You can place production in the provided building with the transfer of 30% of the goods produced to the owner of the building.
Which option to choose? It may seem strange at first glance, but you can stop at option 1 - buy a building that costs 950 thousand monetary units. The total area of the acquired building is 1450 sq. m. m, our needs are about 1000 sq. m. Therefore, in this case, the excess area is 450 square meters. m, which can be leased to a foreign company with the condition of a rent of $ 300 per 1 sq. m. m per year, i.e., the income will be 135 thousand dollars. This means that after a year (or even much earlier, subject to prepayment by the tenant), you can fully return the loan. True, this will cause additional capital expenditures for the repair of premises for their transfer under a lease agreement to a foreign partner.
If it is not possible to take a significant loan to purchase a building, then we should agree to option 2. But the landlord may require an advance payment, and if we cannot make it, then we are left with option 3. Of course, this option is onerous, but nevertheless it makes it possible to proceed with the implementation of the project without any significant initial investment of capital.
So we analyze all the positions of the investment plan and try to choose not only the most economical, but also the method that is possible for us to form the necessary production structure.
Secondly, in the conditions of Russia, the formation of initial entrepreneurial capital has its own characteristics associated with the unwillingness of society to assist in the implementation of socially significant entrepreneurial projects. In such a situation, the formation of initial entrepreneurial capital can be carried out on the basis of concepts of the mechanism of hidden partnerships, the content of which is reduced to the following points:
1) an entrepreneurial project for the production of a specific product is being developed; .
2) the project is divided into main parts;
3) orders are placed with partners for the production of individual parts and components of the product;
4) partners, as parts and components are manufactured, deliver them to the entrepreneur;
5) the entrepreneur assembles from parts and components received from partners;
6) the entrepreneur packs and labels the goods;
7) the entrepreneur delivers goods ready for consumption to the consumer (sales agent) and receives funds from him for the goods sold;
8) having received money for the sold goods, the entrepreneur pays off with his partners - suppliers of individual parts and components of the goods.
Let's consider one possible example. Suppose you have developed a new type of sugar bowl, which is a truncated cone with a screw top lid. A hollow (for pouring sugar) metal tube is mounted in the lid, 1 cm short of the bottom. The consumer pours sugar into the sugar bowl and screws the lid. When the lid opens, a dosed amount of sugar is poured into a cup of tea or coffee (if necessary, the procedure can be repeated, and then you will get a double dose of sugar). We will not talk about the advantages of a sugar bowl - this is a separate issue.
The entrepreneur first conducts marketing research, finds out whether there will be a demand for such a product on the market and what price can be offered for it. Suppose that with the price of such a sugar bowl of 35 monetary units, the demand could be about 10 thousand pieces. Next, the components of this product are highlighted, the production of which could be outsourced. In our case, we can think about placing (with different manufacturers) orders for the production of a sugar bowl body (in the form of a truncated cone), a lid with a hollow tube built into it for pouring sugar, and a packaging box. After that, possible partners are selected who can undertake the manufacture of each of the selected components, the necessary technical documentation is prepared for its transfer to future partners, and contracts are concluded with them for their production and supply. Under agreements with your partners, you receive the ordered components from them and independently assemble, pack the goods and deliver them to the market.
The production of goods under such conditions can be carried out with almost zero capital, since there are no costs for the acquisition (or rental) of production facilities and everything necessary for production. Capital will be needed (very little) to equip only the premises for assembly and storage of products. However, this is only possible if the partners - manufacturers of components do not require prepayment, but produce the goods on the terms of subsequent payment "after the fact", i.e. they supply you with their goods on credit (the loan term can be very short, up to 1 month) .
If manufacturers require prepayment, then there is still the possibility of obtaining a loan from your sales agent who will sell your product. This credit can be used by you for settlements with partners - manufacturers of components. If your sales agent does not give you a loan, then there is still the possibility of obtaining bank loan(especially since you will not apply for too much). In any case, we can conclude that the use of the concept of the mechanism of hidden partnerships under certain conditions can be a good way out of the difficult situation in which the entrepreneur finds himself.
The concept of the mechanism of hidden partnerships includes another option, which is the possibility of generating initial capital through the assumption of certain partnership obligations. Basically, in the conditions of Russia, such obligations are reduced to the performance of intermediary functions.
For example, your Ukrainian partner asks you to purchase 100,000 video cassettes for him in Moscow. You expose him to the condition of prepayment and negotiate the price - say, 16 rubles. for one cassette (the amount of payment to your address will be 1.6 million rubles). However, before you set these conditions for him, you negotiate with the supplier of video cassettes on the terms of their delivery and make preliminary calculations.
Suppose your Moscow partner (supplier, owner of cassettes) agrees to supply you with cassettes at a price of 15 rubles. for 1 piece In this case, your profit will be 0.1 million rubles. - the amount that can be the basis for the formation of initial capital.
The current pace of technology development and globalization necessitate the fast and high-quality organization of your own business. Most often it is impossible to develop a certain project without appropriate capital investments, and in such cases, investments come to the rescue. AT modern world investment projects are a kind of guarantor of a significant increase in the competitiveness of the enterprise and its final market value.
An investment project is a set of all documentation that characterizes a specific project from the very beginning (idea) to the final implementation (achievement of business performance indicators defined in the documents). As a rule, such a project covers several stages of implementation - pre-investment, direct investment, the stage of operation and liquidation.
Most often, investment projects are those that provide for the need for capital investments with subsequent business income. Projects vary depending on the given object, the speed of the task, and the size of the capital investment. This includes the creation of new legal entities and their divisions, and the involvement of the necessary technical means, and the release of new goods and services, and the reconstruction of the business.
At the level of a certain production, most often performed innovative projects, which are a set of innovations necessary for continuous improvement economic system. With the help of investment projects, it is possible to implement the strategic tasks of production. Note that most of these projects are long-term and high-risk.
Detailed technical and economic justification the need for investment is set out in the relevant plan. Business plan investment project has such a characteristic as the formation and presentation of an idea to investors, which is carefully developed and substantiated in a plan, and in practice is implemented through the necessary investments.
A business plan for an investor is an economic and technical justification for the need for investment. AT without fail it provides for an analysis of the effectiveness of the complex of measures under consideration, an assessment of the reality and necessity of investments and the resolution of problems that arise during the direct implementation and use of the idea.
A business plan is created to motivate the following positions:
A business plan is the most important package of documents for both potential creditors and the businessman himself. The possibility of implementing the idea and its further economic viability directly depends on the preparation of the plan.
The development of a business plan for an investment project provides for an accurate, complete, competent and structured presentation of all material that comprehensively characterizes the business model offered to investors. The text must be as light as possible and contain clear and reliable information for contributors.
An important condition is the logical structure of the entire plan.
When drawing up a plan, the following principles should be followed:
It should be noted that only a concise and justified position, fixed in the created project, can attract potential investors. If the business plan contains unnecessary details, an array of technical terminology, or deliberately false information, the entrepreneur will not be able to receive funds from investors.
The structure of the business plan for an investment project includes two parts: an introduction (a brief summary of the entire business plan, which investors will first read) and the main part. In turn, the main part provides for the following structure:
The stages of implementation of the investment project within the framework of this structure are also considered. In other words, the business plan contains not only a description of the business idea in sections, but also the possibility of step-by-step implementation, from development to the actual implementation of the idea in practice.
The business plan of an investment project is official documentation and is carried out in accordance with the requirements set by investors.
Evaluation of the effectiveness of the plan is characterized by a set of indicators that represent the ratio of investment to the results obtained. Taking into account the existing types of investors, three types of indicators are considered:
In addition to the above indicators, environmental and social performance indicators can also be taken into account. Enterprises that are only planning to enter the market and further consolidate on it, the main indicator is financial efficiency.
Note that the business plan of the investment project is evaluated according to the following indicators:
The feasibility of a certain amount of investment is determined by the ratio of the received net profit and the amount of capital that is invested in the organization of the enterprise.
Based on the calculations, investors decide whether it is advisable to invest in the business the amount of money that the entrepreneur requires.
We examined an example of a business plan for an investment project on the main points that are necessary for the successful implementation of an idea in practice. Note that the entrepreneur must strictly adhere to the entire business plan, starting with the consideration of the industry and current position enterprises in the market (if any) before estimating the maximum return that investors will receive after the investment. It must be remembered that contributors are people who are only interested in your business in terms of profitability. That is why all the actions considered in the business plan should be aimed at solving this primary task. Proper implementation of the plan will ensure actual success for the business.
About drawing up a personal investment plan and the risks that await all of us in the most unexpected places and at the most inopportune time.
Don't invest to save what you have Money, in order to "deceive" inflation, but with the aim of increasing their capital, and a significant increase.
The thought of making risky investments, i.e. investing significant amounts in completely different investment instruments appeared to me a long time ago, and I have already implemented some of my ideas. What do I call risky investments? Anything beyond my personal space! The current situation in Cyprus (March 2013) once again proves our general vulnerability to the treaty banking service. Tax the bills individuals this is certainly strong, and most importantly, why the hell ...? Promises to pay damages also look unlikely, another government will come after this and what... will reconsider the decision of the previous one!? In this light, all books about millions of states through the "magic" compound interest are not worth a second of the time spent on them and seem to be information that has simply polluted the brain. So, you either risk it or not!
After previous experience investment activity I figured something out and made some conclusions for myself:
Therefore, this time I decided not to do business on my knee, but to write my own investment plan. I wrote the plan for this year, however, it also contains points aimed at the future, but I will analyze the final goals of this plan at the end of March 2014. The plan itself with figures, dates and other calculations, of course, I do not intend to lay out, unless later, after its full implementation. In general, the plan is therefore personal, because it is not for general use!
So, the main thing in any plan is to clearly and relentlessly follow the plan! In my investment plan, I defined and outlined:
1. The total amount of my investment. Based on this amount, I determined between which managers of my funds to distribute it and how much and where to deduct in the following months, I also indicated the minimum expected % of profit. In total, I chose 10 investment sites:
2. Amounts invested in each individual manager. In each of the seven managers, I invest a certain amount (always up to $1000) and this does not have to happen all at once, i.e. total amount In some cases, I divided investments into several months. Then, at the expense of the received dividends, I first return the invested amount, i.e. I receive 100% profit - then I consider the possibility of increasing the amount of my investment in this company(item 4).
3. Amounts of monthly withdrawals. Everything is simple here - I withdraw profits as soon as it becomes possible. I see no reason to keep the received profit in the manager's system without movement, as well as to add it to the amount of investments I have established - at least until it is possible to carry out paragraph 4. Yes, and in the case of clause 4, the risk may not be justified. replenishment amounts sometimes have an entry threshold, for example, $100, and the profit amount is $64.7.
4. The amount of possible replenishment of investments in excess of the amount indicated by me in paragraph 1.
5. Possible conditions for adding certain attachment points.
6. The last item that fills in as you go settlement operations - summarizing investment activities.
So far, of course, I will tell my partners and referrals more - please contact us using any of the means of communication available to you and me.
