As the name implies, the ratio is calculated as the ratio of the current value of the company's fixed assets and the amount of assets. The indicator indicates what proportion financial resources companies divert capital.
There is no standard value for the share of fixed assets in assets. Depending on the type of activity of the company, this indicator varies. For example, a company that operates in the manufacturing sector will have a high proportion of fixed assets. Conversely, trade enterprises will spend financial resources on stocks of goods, and the trade process itself is not capital intensive. To form weighted conclusions, it is necessary to compare the dynamics of fixed assets and the dynamics of production volume, compare the share of fixed assets in the assets of the company under study and competitors, and also consider the change in the indicator over a certain period of time.
If the company does not have enough fixed assets, then, of course, they need to be purchased. In the event that excess fixed assets divert financial resources, then the decision to sell them must be carefully weighed. It is necessary to take into account such factors as the expected demand for products or services in the future, the expected level of inflation, the actual and expected number of innovations in the coming years in the industry, the ability to increase production and sales by crowding out competitors, and so on.
Share of fixed assets in assets = Amount of fixed assets / Total assets * 100%
JSC "Web-Innovation-plus"
Unit of measurement: thousand rubles
| Balance | On 31 12 2016 | On 31 12 2015 |
| Assets | ||
| I. NON-CURRENT ASSETS | ||
| TOTAL FOR SECTION I | 76 | 120 |
| II. CURRENT ASSETS | ||
| Stocks | 34 | 37 |
| Accounts receivable | 15 | 52 |
| Cash and cash equivalents | 75 | 46 |
| TOTAL FOR SECTION II | 124 | 135 |
| Balance | 200 | 255 |
| V. SHORT-TERM LIABILITIES | ||
| Borrowed funds | 45 | 100 |
| Accounts payable for goods and services | 111 | 95 |
| Other current liabilities | 44 | 60 |
| TOTAL FOR SECTION V | 200 | 255 |
| Balance | 200 | 255 |
The ratio of short-term receivables and accounts payable(2016) = 76/200 *100% = 38%
The ratio of short-term receivables and payables (2015) = 120 / 255 * 100% = 47.06%
The data obtained demonstrate a decrease in the share of fixed assets in total amount assets. If in 2015 the share of fixed assets in the total assets amounted to 47.06%, then in 2016 it was 38%. By themselves, these data do not allow any conclusion to be drawn. However, a comparison of this dynamics with an increase in the amount of revenue from 713 thousand rubles. up to 840 thousand rubles. allows us to conclude that in 2015-2016 JSC Web-Innovation-plus was in the process of selling excess fixed assets, because, despite the decrease in their amount, the operating process does not suffer from this. This reduced the need for financial assets and the amount of liabilities in the company in 2016 decreased by 55 thousand rubles. Since such a decrease occurs at the expense of the most expensive financial resources (borrowed funds), this leads to a decrease in financial expenses companies. The amount of borrowed funds, thanks to an effective fixed asset management policy, decreased from 100 thousand rubles. up to 45 thousand rubles
Fixed assets - tangible assets that an enterprise holds for the purpose of using them in the process of production or supply of goods, provision of services, leasing to other persons or for the implementation of administrative and socio-cultural functions, the expected useful life (operation) of which is more than one year ( or operating cycle if it lasts longer than a year). The cost of fixed assets less accumulated depreciation is called net fixed assets or residual value. Fixed assets are accepted for accounting at their original cost, however, in the future, fixed assets are reflected in the balance sheet at their residual value. residual value fixed assets is defined as the difference between the initial cost and depreciation. Accounted for as non-current assets.
Table 4 - Structure of fixed assets, thousand rubles
|
Indicators | |||
|
1. Fixed assets (total) | |||
|
including: | |||
|
2.Buildings and structures | |||
|
3.Machinery and equipment | |||
|
4.Vehicles | |||
|
5.Production and households. inventory | |||
|
6. Land plots and objects of nature management | |||
Table 4 shows that fixed assets, in reporting year, increased by 85 million rubles, because there is an increase in indicators for almost all items.
The indicator is a summary of the structural analysis and characterizes the degree of capitalization of assets into fixed assets.
Calculation formula:
Share of fixed assets in assets = value of fixed assets / balance sheet total
Share of fixed assets in assets=256,575/574,661=0.45
The active part of the OPF represents those types of means of labor that most directly and actively affect the objects of labor in the process of their processing into a finished product. The active part of the BPF includes machinery and equipment, transmission devices, special types of tools. The passive part of the OPF- these are the types of means of labor that do not have a direct impact on the objects of labor in the process of processing raw materials into the finished product. At the same time, the presence of such types of OPF is objectively necessary. The passive part of the BPF includes buildings, structures, vehicles and inventory.
Shows what part of the total cost of existing fixed assets is their active (participating in the production) part. The active part of fixed assets is machinery, equipment and vehicles. The growth of this indicator in dynamics is usually regarded as a favorable trend.
Calculation formula:
Share of the active part of fixed assets = value of the active part of fixed assets / value of fixed assets
Share of the active part of fixed assets (2014)=473,734/474,684=0.998
Share of the active part of fixed assets (2013)=388,593/389,550=0.998
The amount of economic assets owned and disposed of by the URP “MoAZ them. CM. Kirov". The volume of actual assets that an enterprise has can be estimated using the indicator of the amount of economic assets. It reflects the accounting valuation of the assets listed on the balance sheet of the URP "MoAZ them. CM. Kirov”, and not necessarily coinciding with their total market valuation. The value of the indicator is determined by removing items from the balance sheet that overstate its currency:
СХС \u003d A - U - AP - ZU,
where: СХС - the amount of economic assets at the disposal of the enterprise;
A - total assets on the balance sheet;
Y - losses;
AP - own shares in the portfolio;
ZU - the debt of the founders on contributions to the authorized capital.
СХС2009 = 94,464 - 0 - 255 - 0 = 94,209 million rubles
СХС2010 = 129,934 - 0 - 241 - 0 = 129,693 million rubles
As we can see, there is an increase in this indicator in dynamics, which indicates an increase in the property potential of the enterprise.
In fact, the accounting estimate of the funds that the enterprise manages exceeds the value (SHS), since a part of the assets, the ownership of which does not belong to the enterprise, but which it disposes of, is accounted for on off-balance accounts. These are goods accepted for commission, fixed assets received under operating lease agreements, etc.
The share of the active part of fixed assets.
This ratio, showing what part of the fixed assets are assets directly involved in the production and technological process, is calculated using the following formula:
where: - the cost of the active part of fixed assets;
The cost of fixed assets.
Koas2009 = 26,358 / 54,604 = 0.4
Koas2010 = 33,670 / 65,363 = 0.5
The calculation shows that this coefficient has an increase, which is regarded as a favorable trend.
Wear factor
It characterizes the share of the cost of fixed assets written off to costs in previous periods in the initial (replacement) cost and is calculated by the formula:
where: I - the amount of accumulated depreciation of fixed assets;
The initial (replacement) cost of fixed assets.
Ki2009 = 34,560 / 54,604 = 0.6
Ki2010 = 21,345 / 46,521 = 0.5
The addition of this indicator to 100% (or one) is the shelf life coefficient.
Kg = 1 - Ki (1.2)
Kg2009 = 1 - 0.6 = 0.4
Kg2010 = 1 - 0.5 = 0.5
Despite all the conventionality of the depreciation indicator of fixed assets, it has a certain analytical value - according to some estimates, the value of the depreciation coefficient of more than 50% is considered undesirable, which is observed in 2009 in the URP "MoAZ them. CM. Kirov”, but in 2010 this figure was 50%, which is a positive development.
Refresh rate.
Determines the part of the input fixed assets in their total amount at the end of the reporting period. Calculated according to the formula:
(1.3)
where: - the cost of received (new) fixed assets for the period;
The value of fixed assets at the end of the period.
Kob2010 = 8765 / 65363 = 0.1
Kob2009 = 9678 / 54604 = 0.2
Dropout rate.
Shows what part of the fixed assets with which the company began operations in reporting period, dropped out due to dilapidation and for other reasons. The calculation formula is:
where: - the cost of retired (written off) fixed assets for the period;
The cost of fixed assets at the beginning of the period.
Qsb2009 = 1595 / 46521 = 0.03
Qsb2010 = 1994 / 54604 = 0.04
It should be noted that both this and the previous indicator according to the reporting data can only be calculated conditionally, since the reporting provides data on all received (retired) fixed assets, and not necessarily new ones (written off due to dilapidation and complete wear and tear).
Factors affecting the production structure:
specifics of the enterprise;
acceleration of scientific and technical progress;
the level of concentration, specialization, cooperation, combination and diversification of production;
geographic location, etc.
Technological structure of the OPF characterizes their distribution according to structural divisions enterprises as a percentage of their total value.
The age structure of the OPF characterizes their distribution according to age groups(up to 5 years; from 5 to 10 years; from 10 to 15 years; from 15 to 20 years; over 20 years).
Indicators characterizing the efficiency of the use of fixed assets
The movement of fixed assets is the process of reproduction of fixed assets, which is evaluated according to a system of indicators.
At the same time, a PF movement balance:
FORULA11111
Odds are calculated based on average annual cost fixed assets according to the following formula:
where OSng, OSkg - the cost of fixed assets at the beginning and end of the year, respectively;
OS1, OS2, OS3, OS4 - the cost of fixed assets at the beginning of each subsequent quarter.
(formula by dates!!! Or as a half sum)
Refresh rate:
The coefficient shows the share of new fixed assets introduced in the reporting year in the total value of all fixed assets. Its growth in dynamics indicates an active policy in the field of improving the material and technical base of production.
Retirement rate:
The coefficient shows how many times the newly introduced value (in the case of a coefficient value greater than one) exceeds the retired value of fixed assets. Gives a description of the expansion (reduction) of the material and technical base of production.
return on assets - is the ratio of the cost of production or products sold after deducting VAT and excises to the average annual cost of fixed assets. The cost of fixed assets does not include those under conservation and leased to other organizations:
Capital productivity is one of the factors of intensive use of fixed assets and intensive growth in output.
capital intensity - inverse return on assets - specific capital investments for one ruble of production growth:
This coefficient shows how much FC is spent on the production of a unit of output.
OPF movement indicators:
1) income ratio = value of funds received / value at the end of the reporting period. In this example, Kp = 500 / 1600;
2) input rate = funds put into circulation / value at the end of the period; Kvv = 390 / 1600
3) retirement rate = value of retired funds / value at the beginning of the period; Kv = 400 / 1500
(Volume of output = 1840 thousand rubles)
Average annual cost of OF =
return on assets =
capital intensity =
Private indicators
capital-labor ratio- an indicator characterizing the equipment of employees of enterprises in the material production basic production tools. capital-labor ratio is defined as the ratio of the value of fixed assets of the enterprise to the average annual payroll number of employees
Coefficient extensive use of equipment shows its usage over time. There are coefficients for the use of the calendar and regime fund of time.
calendar fund is 365 × 24 = 8760 hours. Regime time depends on the nature of the manufacturing process. For continuous processes, it is equal to the calendar one, for discontinuous processes, it is equal to the calendar minus weekends and holidays.
Coefficients of use of calendar and regime time are determined by the following formulas:
where K ek– coefficient of using calendar time;
T f– the actual operating time of the equipment;
T to- calendar fund;
where K er- coefficient of use of regime time;
T p- regime fund.
Equipment intensive utilization rate reflects the level of use of it in terms of performance:
where K and- coefficient of intensive use of equipment;
P f - actual performance;
P t- performance according to the technical standard.
Integral coefficient characterizes the use of equipment both in terms of time and productivity:
where K e- coefficient of extensive use of equipment;
K and- coefficient of intensive use of equipment.
lku investments in long-term assets should pay off at the expense of future
cash receipts. The indicator has obvious industry specifics.
Sharp changes in the value of the indicator are possible only in case of a fundamental change in the type of business.
5. The share of the active part of fixed assets.
This ratio shows what part of fixed assets is
lyayut assets directly involved in the production and technological
logical process. It is calculated by the formula:
The cost of the active part of fixed assets (1.2)
d te = Cost of fixed assets
There are two main interpretations of the term "active part of the
new funds. "According to the first interpretation, it includes all the main
nye facilities with the exception of buildings and structures. More widespread
nenny is the second interpretation, according to which the active part includes
only machines, equipment and vehicles. The growth of this
indicator in dynamics is usually regarded as a favorable trend, although this statement should not be taken literally.
6. Wear factor.
Characterizes the share of the cost of fixed assets written off for costs in previous periods in their initial (recovery)
cost and is calculated by the formula
Accumulated depreciation (1.3)
Kde = Original (restorative)
cost of fixed assets
The addition of this indicator to 100% is the shelf life coefficient. Both of these coefficients are often used in the analysis to characterize the condition of fixed assets both in general and by individual types. However, it is necessary to have a clear idea that the wear and tear coefficients:
They are not directly related to the physical or obsolescence of fixed assets;
Do not take into account the intensity of use of fixed assets, in particular shifts;
Their values completely depend on the methodology adopted at the enterprise for the production of depreciation deductions, i.e. methods of writing off one-time investments in fixed assets as expenses.
According to some estimates, when using the straight-line depreciation method,
value of a wear factor of more than 50% is considered undesirable
telny.
7. Refresh rate.
Shows what part of the fixed assets available at the end of the reporting period are new fixed assets, and calculated
is given by the formula:
Cost of (new) fixed assets received for the period
Knfa = Value of fixed assets at the end of the period
8. Dropout rate.
Shows what part of the fixed assets with which the company began operations in the reporting period, retired due to dilapidation and
other reasons.
The calculation formula is:
The cost of fixed assets retired for the period (written off)
Kofa= Cost of fixed assets at the beginning of the period
It should be noted that both this and the previous indicator according to the reporting data can only be calculated conditionally, since in the Appendix
k balance sheet provides information on all applicants
(retired) fixed assets, and not necessarily new (written-off
9. Structure coefficient current assets.
As a rule, current assets are divided into three groups:
real current assets ( productive reserves), funds in the calculation
max ( accounts receivable) and cash and cash equivalents. In this block, we are talking about an analytical assessment of: a) the structure of the
company assets and b) the share of the type of current assets, which is
the most important for this enterprise. Yes, in
a trade organization of particular importance is such a type of asset as
Goods [ 6 ].
1.2.3 Assessment of solvency, liquidity and financial stability.
One of the key tasks of the analysis financial condition enterprise is the study of indicators reflecting its financial stability
vost. It is characterized by a stable excess of income over expenses, free maneuvering of cash and effective
their effective use in the course of the current (operational) activity
value.
Analysis of financial stability at a certain date (end of quarter
years) allows you to establish how rationally the company manages its own and borrowed funds during the period,
preceding this date.
To own financial resources , which the enterprise has, primarily include net (undistributed)
profit and depreciation charges. An external sign of financial
Solvency of sustainability is the solvency of an economic entity.
Solvency is the ability of the enterprise to fulfill its
financial obligations arising from commercial, credit and
other payment transactions.
Satisfactory solvency of the enterprise is confirmed by such formal parameters as:
1) availability of free Money on settlement, currency and other accounts in banks;
2) the absence of long-term arrears to suppliers, banks, staff, budget, extrabudgetary funds and other credit
3) the presence of own working capital (net working capital -
la) at the beginning and end of the reporting period.
Low solvency can be both accidental and long-term.
noah (chronic). Its last type can lead the enterprise to bankruptcy.
The highest type of financial stability is the ability to
acceptances to develop mainly at the expense of own sources of financing.
For detailed reflection different types sources (own funds, long-term and short-term credits and loans) in the formation
inventory management uses a system of indicators
1. The availability of own working capital at the end of the billing period is determined by the formula:
SOS = SC-BOA, (1.7)
where SOS - own working capital on the horses of the billing period;
SC - equity (section III of the balance sheet "Capital and reserves");
BOA - fixed assets(section I of the balance sheet).
2. Availability of own and early borrowed sources of financing
reserves (SDI) is determined by the formula:
SDI = SC - BOA + DKZ (1.8)
or SDI = SOS + DKZ,
where DKZ - long-term loans and borrowings (section IY of the balance sheet "Long-term
urgent obligations).
3. The total value of the main sources of reserves formation (OIZ)
OIZ = SDI + KKZ, (1.9)
where KKZ - short-term loans and loans (section Y of the balance sheet “Short-
urgent obligations).
As a result, it is possible to determine three indicators of stock availability
owls sources of their funding:
1. Surplus (+), lack (-) of own and long-term sources
Reserve Financing (FFI)
