Production facilities are the main assets of the enterprise, which play a major role in determining the profit of the production cycle. Their book value is calculated by the formula: initial cost minus depreciation charges.
The final result of economic and commercial activities is the “Balance Sheet” report, where the book value of assets is highlighted in separate sections, which is divided into the following indicators:
Fixed assets in the balance are reflected in the group of non-current funds. They are used in production activities and evenly distribute the entire amount of the cost of fixed assets for accrual of cost estimates for issued finished products or services rendered.
The main funds consist of:
Depreciation charges gradually reduce the initial amount of the cost of objects. The operating life of the OS is calculated according to the new OKOF classifier from 2017.
It is important to consider that regardless of the results of the financial and economic activities of the company (profitable or unprofitable), the amount of costs for depreciation of fixed assets remains the same.
An object becomes a fixed asset when the following conditions are met:
Fixed assets, the function of which is the activity in the production process of the company, belong to the production assets. These include: equipment, appliances, inventory and more.
Fixed assets not intended for production needs are classified as non-productive assets: real estate, buildings, structures, etc.
You should be aware that for the preparation of accounting records, it does not matter to which assets (production or non-production) the main objects belong. Their total book value is calculated as a single amount.
When choosing a depreciation method, the residual value of fixed assets is determined:
The calculation of depreciation is charged in the next month after the object is reflected in accounting on account 01, upon disposal of the fixed asset or at the end of full depreciation of fixed assets, depreciation is not charged. In case of conservation of fixed assets for more than 3 months or restoration work for more than 12 months, depreciation is not calculated.
In other cases, the accrual of depreciation of objects is carried out monthly.
It is important to know that enterprises with simplified accounting have the right to choose the frequency of calculating the depreciation of objects, up to once a year, on December 31.
To determine the total cost of objects at the beginning of a new reporting period, the accountant forms the following entries in the accounting register:
At the end of the next month, after the objects are put into operation, we accrue the depreciation of fixed assets for the following postings:
Thus, the residual value of the objects is formed from two balances balance sheet on account 01 and account 02.
After the end of the reporting period, the resulting total fixed assets (balance) are posted to the financial statements. In the balance sheet of the enterprise, fixed assets are reflected in line 1150, the total amount of fixed assets (residual value) is derived by subtracting the accrued depreciation from the initial cost.
If fixed assets go through the process of revaluation, then the final (residual) value of fixed assets is characterized as the replacement cost minus depreciation charges.
In the final register of the balance sheet of accounting residual value OS is defined as follows: the balance of Dt01 minus the balance of Kt02.
Consider an example:
TURNOVER BALANCE SHEET
Organization: Masterclass LLC
Period: Q1 2017
From the example, we derive the residual value of the main objects:
Balance sheet
Location (address) Volgograd, Mira street, 12
The main indicator of effective performance and economic condition organization is the book value of the assets of the enterprise.
The book value indicator is applicable for some calculations:
The reflection of fixed assets in the balance sheet indicates the commercial viability and reliability of the company.
Service assignment. With the help of the online service, the average annual cost of fixed assets, the balance of the movement of fixed assets according to the full initial and residual value are determined.Fixed assets (fixed assets) are non-financial produced assets (part of the property) used by the organization repeatedly or permanently for a long time (more than 12 months) in the production of products (performance of work, provision of services), as well as for management purposes.
To material relate
objects for which the following conditions are simultaneously met:
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To material fixed assets (fixed assets) do not apply
:
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Building- these are architectural and construction objects intended for living, working, serving the population and storing material values, having walls and a roof as the main structural parts.
Structures- engineering and construction facilities designed to carry out the production process and various non-production functions, such as pipelines, power lines, overpasses, bridges, roads, parking lots, platforms, fences, etc.
cars and equipment- power, working, information devices that convert energy, materials and information.
Transport nye means - vehicles designed to move people and goods.
Full original cost- the value of OPF in prices taken into account when they were entered on the balance sheet.
Residual cost- this is the value of fixed assets in the prices of its statement on the balance sheet, taking into account depreciation AND as of the date of determination.
OPS \u003d PPP - I
Book value of fixed assets at the end of the year:
C.Y. = C n.g. + C in xT 1 /12 - C sel xT 2 /12
where T 1 is the number of full months during which those admitted to reporting year funds; T 2 - the number of full months during which the funds retired in the reporting year did not operate.
Average annual value of fixed assets: C = (C n.a. + C y.a.) / 2
The systematic accumulation of funds in the depreciation fund is ensured by annual depreciation deductions A, included in the cost of manufactured products. Accrual of depreciation charges on fixed assets during the reporting period is made on a monthly basis, regardless of the method of accrual used, in the amount of 1/12 of the calculated annual amount. For newly received objects, depreciation is accrued from the 1st day of the month following the month the object was put into operation, and for retired objects it ends on the 1st day of the month following the month until full repayment or write-off of this object from accounting due to loss of ownership.
Scheme of the balance sheet of fixed assets of the enterprise at full historical cost
C.Y. = C n.g. + C in - C select
Scheme of the balance sheet of fixed assets of the enterprise by residual value
C.Y. = C n.g. + C new + C vv - C vyb - A
Example #1. The main production assets of the enterprise at the beginning of 1995 amounted to 2825 million rubles. The input and disposal of fixed assets during the year are reflected in the table:
Example #2. The following data are available on the movement of fixed production assets of the enterprise:
The full initial cost of fixed assets 420 at the beginning of the year, million rubles.
During the year, million rubles:
new funds introduced 60
retired at residual value 8
Full initial cost of retired funds, million rubles 40
Depreciation of fixed assets at the beginning of the year, % 30
Annual depreciation rate, % 15
It is necessary to build a balance of fixed assets at full and residual value.
Solution:
Full historical cost at the beginning of the year: C n.g. = 420 million rubles
Residual value at the beginning of the year: C st. \u003d 420 * (100-30)% \u003d 294 million rubles.
The value of received fixed assets:
C p \u003d 60 million rubles.
The cost of retired fixed assets at historical cost:
C in \u003d 40 million rubles.
The cost of retired fixed assets at residual value:
C rest in = 8 million rubles.
The cost of fixed assets at historical cost at the end of the year:
C.Y. = C n.g. + C p - C v \u003d 420 + 60 - 40 \u003d 440 million rubles.
Depreciation charges for the year:
A = C x HA \u003d 440 * 15% \u003d 66 million rubles.
Residual value of fixed assets at the end of the year:
From the rest of the year = C rest n.g. + C rest p - C rest in - A \u003d 294 + 60 - 8 - 66 \u003d 280 million rubles.
Average annual cost of funds at historical cost:
C OF = (C n.g. + C c.g.) / 2 = (420 + 440) / 2 = 430 million rubles.
Average annual cost of funds at historical cost:
С ost OF = (C ost n.g. + C ost k.g.) / 2 = (294 + 280) / 2 = 287
The depreciation coefficient shows what part of its total value fixed assets have already lost as a result of their use.
K and n.g. = 30%
K and k.g. \u003d (C k.g. -C rest k.g.) / C k.g. = (440-280)/440 = 36.36%
Depreciation of fixed assets increased (36.36-30=6.36%).
The shelf life ratio shows how much of its total value fixed assets retained on a certain date.
K and n.g. = C rest n.g. /C n.g. = 294/420 = 70%
K and k.g. = C rest c.g. /C year = 280/440 = 63.64%
The renewal coefficient (K update) characterizes the share of new fixed assets in their total volume (according to the full assessment) at the end of the period and is calculated using the following formula:
K update = C new / C to.g. = 60/440 = 13.64%
The share of new fixed assets in their total volume amounted to 13.64%.
The retirement rate (K vyb) characterizes the share of retired fixed assets during the period in their total value (according to the full assessment) at the beginning of the period and is calculated by the formula:
K vy = C in / C n.g. = 8/420 = 1.9%
The share of retired fixed assets during the year in their total value amounted to 1.9%.
Example #3. The following data are available on the movement of fixed production assets for the enterprise for the year:
full book value of fixed production assets at the beginning of the year, 2248 thousand rubles.
wear factor at the beginning of the year, 30%
new fixed production assets were put into operation during the year, 200 thousand rubles.
received from other enterprises at full cost, 40 thousand rubles.
their residual value at the date of receipt, 36 thousand rubles.
fixed production assets retired at a residual value of 10 thousand rubles.
percentage of depreciation of retired funds 70
average annual depreciation rate, 7%
Define:
1) The volume of fixed production assets at full book value and at the residual value at the end of the year;
2) Indicators of the movement of fixed production assets (renewal and disposal rates);
3) Wear and tear coefficients at the end of the year.
Note from the author! Line 1150 can display information on the debit balance of the account for sub-accounts 01-04 (in terms of fixed assets) and the debit balance of the account. The decision to include data is made by the company independently (in case of immaterial data, the balances can be displayed on line 1190).
Fixed assets are the assets of the organization intended for long-term use for the purposes of the company.
According to the accounting rules, in order to accept the acquired assets on the balance sheet as fixed assets, it is necessary to simultaneously fulfill certain conditions:
production of the company's products, performance of works, services;
use for managerial needs;
lease - transfer of an asset for temporary use and possession third parties or temporary use.
Fixed assets are expensive objects used by the company for a long time:
Line 1150 - balance sheet asset: it displays the residual value of non-current assets - fixed assets (initial cost minus accrued depreciation) as of December 31 fiscal year. For non-depreciable property, the initial cost of the object is displayed.
The final indicator in accounting should be reflected as the final debit balance of account 01 minus the credit balance of account 02.
The reporting displays information as of the current period, December 31 previous year, on December 31 of the year preceding the previous one.
The initial cost of assets is the total cost of all costs incurred to acquire an object or bring it to operation. The cost of objects depends on the methods of obtaining:
A change in the initial cost is possible in cases of revaluation of funds, additional equipment, reconstruction, measures to modernize assets and partial liquidation.
According to PBU, companies have the right to revalue fixed assets at the end of the reporting period (price indexing or replacement price calculation based on market prices).
Medved LLC purchased a machine tool worth 250 thousand rubles. (including VAT - 38135.59). The price included additional costs for transporting the machine and installing it on workplace.
All transactions are reflected in the accounting of the LLC by the following entries:
RUB 211864.41 - accounting for the cost of acquiring an asset (transportation and installation is carried out by the seller and is included in the price).
38135.59 rubles - input VAT is displayed.
RUB 211864.41 - the initial cost of the equipment is formed, the machine is put into operation.
RUB 38135.59 - input VAT is presented for deduction.
The manufacturing company decided to create a new storage warehouse for inventory and goods. The construction of the building was carried out by the company's workers, the total cost of work according to the estimate was 10 million rubles.
In accounting transactions are displayed:
Dt08.03 Kt60,10,70, 69, etc.
10 million rubles - the actual costs for the construction of the warehouse are taken into account (wages of employees involved in the construction, insurance premiums from the salary, the cost of the materials used (according to the act of write-off of inventories), expenses for Additional services counterparties (for example, drafting budget documentation) etc.).
Dt01 Kt08.03
10 million rub. - accepted for accounting and put into operation a new warehouse building
Information on the residual value of existing fixed assets of the company is taken into account in accounting in accordance with PBU 6/01, approved by order of the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation dated 30.03.2001 N 26n.
Dt20 (23, 25, 26, 29) Kt 02 - accruals for objects depending on production.
The fixed assets of the organization must be taken into account in its balance sheet. For this, a special line is provided - the cost of fixed assets according to the balance sheet (1150).
Line 1150 indicates the residual value of all FC of the organization, formed at the end of the reporting period. To do this, it is necessary to subtract the amount of depreciation accumulated on them from the primary price of the fixed assets of the company, reflected in the 01 account in the debit (it is taken into account on the 02 account in the credit). That is, this line contains the difference between the debit balance of account 01 and the credit balance of account 02.
If there was an additional equipment or reconstruction (as a result of which the initial price of the objects was increased), this must be specified in the appendices to the accounting. balance.
The same applies to the revaluation of property. As a rule, it is carried out once a year. It is carried out by indexing the current value of objects or by recalculating to the actual market price. The resulting differences increase the amount of additional capital.
In one of the letters of the Ministry of Finance, it is reported that the OF, unsuitable for subsequent use, must be written off. Their residual value is included in other costs.
Accounting for fixed assets is regulated by the Regulation "Accounting for fixed assets". In accordance with it, in order to recognize an object as a fixed asset, it must meet the following requirements:
Fixed assets are reflected in the balance sheet at their original cost - the sum of all expenses for the purchase of an object. These costs include:
In boo. reporting should disclose the following information:
What is meant by fixed assets in accounting and for the purposes of taxation of profits, we told in ours. How are fixed assets shown on the balance sheet?
In the balance sheet, fixed assets are reflected in line 1150 "Fixed assets" ().
Please note that if fixed assets are intended solely for provision for a fee for temporary possession and use or for temporary use in order to generate income, they are reflected in the balance sheet in line 1160 “Profitable investments in material values"(clause 5 PBU 6/01, Order of the Ministry of Finance dated 07/02/2010 No. 66n).
Recall that in the balance sheet, the indicators are reflected in the net assessment, that is, minus the regulatory values (paragraph 35 of PBU 4/99). With regard to fixed assets, such a regulatory value is the accrued depreciation. And, therefore, the net valuation for fixed assets is their residual value. The residual value of fixed assets (OS OST) is calculated as follows:
OS OST \u003d OS P (V) - A,where OS P (V) is the initial (replacement) cost of fixed assets;
A - depreciation on fixed assets accumulated as of the reporting date.
The initial cost for calculating the residual value is applied to those objects that have not previously been revalued. Accordingly, if fixed assets have been revalued, not the initial, but the replacement cost is taken. Consequently, depreciation on them will also be overestimated.
To enter information about the value of fixed assets in the balance sheet, the following accounting information is used.
The initial or replacement cost of fixed assets is reflected in the debit of account 01 "Fixed assets", and the accumulated reporting date depreciation - on the credit of account 02 "Depreciation of fixed assets" ().
This means that in order to obtain information about the residual value of fixed assets based on the data of accounting accounts, the above formula can be presented in the following form:
OS OST = Debit balance of account 01 - Credit balance accounts 02Please note that the credit of account 02 accumulates depreciation not only of those fixed assets that are on account 01, but also of those objects that are classified as profitable investments in material assets and therefore are taken into account in the debit of account 03 "Profitable investments in material assets" ( Order of the Ministry of Finance dated October 31, 2000 No. 94n).
Therefore, to fill in line 1150 "Fixed assets" of the balance sheet, you must use the data analytical accounting to account 02 in order to allocate only the depreciation that falls on fixed assets recorded on account 01.
Accordingly, the depreciation of profitable investments in tangible assets, which was also taken into account on the credit of account 02, will reduce the cost of income investments listed on the debit of account 03 in the balance sheet. Their residual value will need to be shown in the balance sheet not on line 1150, but on line 1160 " Profitable investments in material values.
