The book reveals the most important questions of the course "Fundamentals of Banking Audit". Separate sections of the lectures are presented in a conceptual plan, which will allow you to quickly and efficiently prepare for both the test and the exam. This manual systematizes the complex of knowledge and skills in the subject "Banking audit" for both students, graduate students and teachers, as well as for professionals, as well as for everyone interested in this topic.
6. Organization of external banking audit. The technology of auditing a credit institution.
Banking audit is one of the types audit activity, which can be carried out by an individual (auditor) in the presence of attestation and license, as well as legal entity(audit firm) with a license.
To carry out attestation and issue a license for the right to carry out banking audit, the Central Bank of the Russian Federation created a central attestation audit commission (tsalak) of the Bank of Russia. Its composition is approved by the chairman of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation. The functions of the working apparatus of the tsalak are assigned to the Department of Licensing and Certification of Banking Audit of the Department for Licensing Banks and Auditing Activities of the Bank of Russia.
All individuals wishing to engage in banking audit independently or as part of an audit firm must undergo attestation (pass a qualification exam).
Persons who simultaneously meet 2 criteria are allowed to attestation:
1) Having a higher or secondary specialized economic or legal education;
2) Having more than 3 years of work experience on a permanent basis (of which the last few years have been an auditor, head of an audit firm, a researcher or teacher in economics, an accountant, an economist, an auditor and other specialties in banking in banking).
For certification, a fee of 20 minimum wages is charged on the date of submission to the Central Bank of the Russian Federation of all required documents. The certificate is issued for up to 3 years, depending on the result of the exam. If within 2 years from the date of receipt of the certificate, the person who passed the certification did not start working as a bank auditor or in the service internal control credit institution, then the tsalak decides to cancel the certificate. After the expiration of the certificate, the auditor has the right to apply to the tsalak for its extension.
CALAC has the right to appoint a re-passing of qualifying exams in the following cases:
1) The presence of justified claims against the auditor from the territorial institutions of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation, tax authorities, customers, as well as other auditors and audit firms;
2) The presence of significant changes in the legislation.
CALAC can extend the certificate up to 3 years, for which a fee of 50% of the original certification fee is charged.
Individuals who have passed attestation can engage in audit activities as part of an audit firm, or independently, by registering as an individual private entrepreneur (pbul).
An audit firm may conduct an audit of credit institutions only after obtaining a license from the Bank of Russia.
Consideration of the issue of issuing a license to an audit firm is subject to the following conditions:
1) The firm must have a legal form in the form of a CJSC with an authorized capital of at least 100 minimum wages on the date of registration;
2) The staff of the firm must have at least 2 auditors or part-time teachers certified by the tsalak.
For consideration of an application for licensing, a fee of 3 minimum wages is charged, for issuing a license - 10 minimum wages. A firm that has received a license to carry out audit activities is included in State Register audit firms and licensed auditors, which is conducted by the Bank Licensing and Auditing Department of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation.
In addition to internal audit carried out within the framework of the internal control system, the control of credit institutions is also carried out through an external audit. External audit, conducted by an independent auditor, is an intermediate link in the control over the activities of credit institutions between the internal control of a credit institution and external supervision of its activities by the Bank of Russia. This is due, on the one hand, to the contractual nature of the relationship between the credit institution and the external auditor. On the other hand, an external audit for credit institutions is mandatory by law, and the results of an external audit are subject to submission to the Bank of Russia, which uses an external audit of credit institutions and its results as one of the banking supervision tools.
Credit institutions are a type commercial organizations, whose activities in accordance with Art. 5 of the Law on Auditing is subject to mandatory annual external audit by an independent audit organization.
Reporting of a credit institution in accordance with Part 1 of Art. 42 of the Banking Law is subject to an annual audit by an audit organization. This article also states that only audit organizations that, in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation, have the right to carry out such audits, which, by the time such a license was obtained, have carried out auditing activities for at least two years, are entitled to audit credit institutions.
However, the new Law on Licensing Certain Types of Activities does not mention auditing as an activity subject to licensing. It should be noted that prior to the adoption of this Law, the licensing of audit activities was provided for by the now invalid Federal Law of August 8, 2001 No. 128-FZ with the same name. In accordance with paragraph 5.2 of Art. 18 of this Law, licensing of audit activities ceased from January 1, 2010.
The new Law on audit activity in paragraph 2 of Art. 23 established that only audit organizations and individual auditors who have joined self-regulatory organizations of auditors are entitled to conduct an audit and provide audit-related services. Licensing of audit organizations and licensing control were previously carried out in order to check the quality of work of audit organizations, individual auditors who are not members of self-regulatory organizations of auditors, to confirm compliance by auditors with training requirements for advanced training programs.
Currently, according to Art. 7 of the Law on Auditing Activity, instead of licensing requirements, the requirements for audit organizations are determined federal regulations(standards) of audit activity, approved by the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of September 23, 2002 No. 696. Control over the compliance of the quality of work of audit organizations and auditors with the specified requirements is carried out in the form of internal and external control.
External control of audit activity carried out by self-regulatory organizations, whose members are audit organizations, in relation to their members, and external control audit organizations conducting a mandatory audit of accounting (financial) statements, including credit organizations, in accordance with Art. 10 of the said Law on Auditing Activities is carried out by self-regulatory organizations of auditors in relation to their members, as well as the Ministry of Finance of Russia in accordance with the Regulations on the Ministry of Finance of Russia, approved by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of June 30, 2004 No. 329.
The contradiction of Art. 42 of the Law on Banks, there are no norms of the other laws mentioned above, since the requirement for the need to license audit organizations is mentioned in this article only insofar as this requirement established by the legislation of the Russian Federation. However, the requirement of Art. 42 of the Law on Banks, concerning the need for two years of experience in auditing, required for audit organizations that audit credit organizations.
The audit of a credit institution, as noted above, is carried out in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation. The audit organization is obliged to draw up an opinion on the results of the audit, containing information on the reliability financial reporting credit institution, its compliance with the mandatory ratios established by the Bank of Russia, the quality of management of the credit institution, the state of internal control and other provisions determined federal laws and the charter of the credit institution.
These requirements to include in the auditor's report information on compliance by the credit institution with the mandatory ratios established by the Bank of Russia only confirm the need for audits of credit institutions. audit organizations having special training in the field of auditing credit institutions. Accordingly, the audit of credit institutions is carried out by audit organizations, which include auditors who have received a qualification certificate of a bank auditor in accordance with The program for conducting qualification exams for obtaining an auditor's qualification certificate (audit of credit institutions, banking groups and bank holdings (bank audit))(approved by the Audit Council under the Ministry of Finance of Russia on December 22, 2008 (Minutes No. 71) and approved by the Ministry of Finance of Russia on January 27, 2009).
In the previously mentioned documents Basel Committee on banking supervision, concerning internal control in credit institutions, contains recommendations that also apply to the relationship of credit institutions with external audit, and the relationship of external audit of credit institutions with internal audit(with the internal control service).
In particular, according to the mentioned recommendations, external auditors should not enter into a conflict of interest with a credit institution. Purpose of the audit financial statements external audit of a credit institution is to allow an independent auditor to issue an opinion on the compliance of the main provisions of the financial statements prepared by this credit institution with the established mechanism, taking into account the rules and regulations in force in the country.
Auditors, on a selective basis, check documentary evidence of transactions and accounts that are the basis for financial (accounting) and published reports. The auditor evaluates the principles and rules used by the credit institution accounting and significant assumptions made by management, and the overall presentation of the financial statements.
Although external auditors are by definition not part of a firm and therefore not part of its internal control system, their activities have an important impact on the quality of internal control. In addition, external auditors provide feedback to help monitor the effectiveness of the internal control system.
The external auditor usually communicates to the management bodies of credit institutions information on managerial shortcomings, comments related to the composition of account balances or loan portfolio, liquidity or income, financial regulations, the adequacy of internal controls, bank risk analysis, or compliance with legal or supervisory requirements.
The internal control service should also be subject to independent verification by the external auditor, respectively, the external auditor should receive advice and have access to the relevant conclusions of the internal control service. Similarly, the external auditor usually informs the internal control function of any significant circumstance that may affect internal control.
The governing bodies of a credit institution are obliged to provide the external auditor with the information necessary for the auditor when conducting an audit and preparing a report, which may have a significant impact on the financial statements and, accordingly, on the auditor's report.
The main purpose of an external audit of a credit institution consists in providing an opinion by the auditor on whether the published financial statements of the credit institution give fair presentation on the financial position of the credit institution and the results of its activities for the period reflected in these financial statements. Usually an audit report is prepared for shareholders, but is used by many other parties such as depositors, other creditors and controllers. The auditors' report allows you to determine the reliability of the financial statements.
In order to express an opinion on the financial statements, the auditor must obtain sufficient assurance that the information contained in the accounting records and other sources is reliable and sufficient to be used as a basis for the preparation of the financial statements, and that the relevant information is appropriately reflected in the financial statements. reporting. For this purpose, the auditor:
However, a detailed check of all operations credit operations is practically impossible. Thus, the audit is based on the examination and evaluation of internal control systems designed to confirm the correctness of accounting records and the safety of assets, on the use of spot checks and analytical research procedures, and on the confirmation and evaluation of assets and liabilities. When reviewing financial statements, he can benefit from most of the work of the internal control function.
The auditor plans and performs the audit so as to have a reasonable basis for identifying misstatements in the entity's financial statements that are individually or collectively material in relation to the financial information contained in those financial statements. Assessing what is material is within the professional competence of the auditor, but materiality may also depend on other factors, such as legal or regulatory requirements, both for the financial statements as a whole and for their individual items. Thus, the auditor may assume different levels of materiality for different elements of the financial statements.
The selective nature of an audit and its other inherent limitations, together with the limitations of any system of internal control, make it inevitable that some significant inaccuracies may go undetected. Therefore, the auditor should consider the facts presented to be true, and the documents and records to be authentic, unless he has evidence to the contrary.
If the auditor finds a material error in the financial statements, including the use of inadequate accounting policy valuation of assets with which he disagrees, or failure to provide important information, he must require the management of the credit institution to correct this error and make a corresponding adjustment to the financial statements. If the credit institution's management refuses to amend the financial statements, the auditor's report on the results of the audit of the financial statements will contain appropriate reservations or a negative opinion. Such a report will greatly undermine the credibility of the credit institution and even affect the stability of its work, therefore, the management bodies of the credit institution, as a rule, do everything necessary to avoid such a situation. The auditor should not issue an opinion without reservations if he has not been provided with all the information requested by him or has not been given appropriate explanations.
As a rule, the auditor, based on the results of the audit, sends a letter to the management bodies of the credit institution. The letter usually contains comments and lists minor errors or omissions found by the auditor during the audit, which are not mentioned in the report as a caveat, because they were found in financial documents errors were insignificant. The letter may address specific issues such as the content of the accounts or loan portfolio, liquidity, earnings, ratios, the adequacy of controls, or compliance with legal and regulatory requirements.
Supervisors should also take into account the observations and recommendations of external auditors regarding the effectiveness of internal controls and ensure that the governing bodies of the institution take note of and implement the observations and recommendations of external auditors.
According to part 4 of Art. 42 of the Law on Banks, the audit report of the external auditor is sent to the Bank of Russia within three months from the date of submission of the annual reports of the credit institution to the Bank of Russia.
In order to organize interaction between the Bank of Russia and the external auditors of a credit institution, the Bank of Russia issued letter dated November 10, 2000 No. 171-T"On strengthening the interaction between the territorial institutions of the Bank of Russia and audit organizations (individual auditors)", which included the recommendations of the International Committee on Auditing and the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision "Relations between Bank Supervisors and External Auditors", approved for publication by the International Committee on Auditing audit activities and the Committee of Basel Comptrollers in 1989.
With this letter, the Bank of Russia, in order to improve the quality of interaction between the Bank of Russia and audit organizations, suggested that the territorial institutions of the Bank of Russia be guided by the indicated recommendations of the International Committee on Auditing and the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision as a methodological basis.
Credit institutions send audit reports to the Bank of Russia for the following purposes:
Sometimes the auditor receives important information that, to the best of his knowledge, was not reported to the Bank of Russia, but which should be provided to the Bank of Russia. For example, this situation may arise if:
Introduction 2
1. Theoretical basis audit of credit institutions 3
1.1. Purpose, objectives and sources of the audit 3
1.2. Checking active credit transactions 6
1.3. Checking passive credit transactions 15
2. Auditor control in ZAO Bank Vologzhanin 21
2.1. Characteristics of ZAO Bank Vologzhanin 21
2.2. Audit control of ZAO Bank Vologzhanin 26
3. Modernization of the banking control system in ZAO Bank Vologzhanin 33
Conclusion 40
References 41
In modern conditions, the problem of forming an integral, consistent and clear system of financial control is becoming relevant. Elements of such a system are necessary to ensure the mode of validity, legality, expediency and effectiveness of actions in the field of formation, distribution and use of monetary funds. Socio-economic and political transformations in Russia have radically changed the role of the state in the development of the national economy, but also formed the institution of property rights based on qualitatively new principles, completely rebuilt the financial system of the state.
The purpose of the study is to modernize the audit control system in CJSC Bank Vologzhanin. The implementation of this goal involves the solution of the following tasks:
Analysis of the theoretical foundations of audit control as a category of financial legal relations;
Definition and development of proposals for resolving the problems of audit control in CJSC Bank Vologzhanin.
The object of the study is CJSC Bank Vologzhanin, established in 1992. Since its inception, there has been talk of the emergence in Vologda of a universal credit institution that is capable of offering the widest range of services on the market. The subject of the study is the mechanism of relations financial control CJSC Bank Vologzhanin.
Taking into account the set goal and objectives methodological basis research has compiled a set of methods: general methods of cognition (dialectical method); general scientific means (comparative-historical method, systemic method, formal-logical research method); private scientific means (method of comparative study). The work used data from statistics and internal reporting of CJSC Bank Vologzhanin, monographs by foreign and domestic authors, articles in periodicals.
Audit control originated in Russian Federation since the late 1980s The main tasks of audit control are to establish the reliability of accounting and financial statements and the compliance of financial and business transactions with the legislation of the Russian Federation; as well as verification of tax declarations, payment and settlement documents, other financial claims and obligations of economic entities. Auditing companies also provide other services: financial statements and income declarations; analysis and forecasting of financial economic activity; elaboration of recommendations received as a result of audits; setting up and maintaining accounting records; training of employees of accounting services and consulting in matters of financial and economic legislation.
An initiative audit is carried out by the decision of the economic entity itself. Mandatory audit is carried out in accordance with the established procedure in cases established by the Government Decree. The result of the audit is documented in the form of an auditor's report.
When studying the financial control system, one cannot fail to note its close connection with the financial planning system at the enterprise. Despite the fact that planning and control are two different management functions, their existence in the economic activity of enterprises separately from each other is impossible, because they complement and condition each other. And therefore, the assessment of the achievement of goals set in the framework of financial planning would be impossible without financial control. That is why, when solving the problem of improving the financial planning system in an enterprise, one cannot but leave aside the financial control system.
Lending to clients on a repayable, urgent and paid basis is one of the main operations of the banking business. Income from customer lending operations (active credit operations) bring banks a significant part of their profits. At the same time, operations to attract loans (passive credit operations) are necessary for the formation of the bank's resource base. This is the most common and proven method of attracting funds over the years.
The purpose of the audit of credit operations is to verify that the bank complies with the current rules for the commission of credit operations and the correctness of their reflection in accounting to prevent violations and reduce credit risks.
When checking the bank's compliance with the current rules for credit transactions, it is necessary to be guided by such regulatory acts as: Law of the Russian Federation dated 29.01.92 No. 2872-1 “On Pledge”. Law of the Russian Federation of July 21, 1997 No. 122-FZ “On state registration of rights to real estate and transactions with it”. Law of the Russian Federation of January 8, 1998 No. 102-FZ “On Mortgage (Pledge of Real Estate)”. Regulation of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation of August 31, 1998 No. 54-P “On the procedure for the provision (placement) of funds by credit institutions and their return (repayment)”, as amended and supplemented. Regulation of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation of June 26, 1998 No. 39-P “On the procedure for calculating interest on operations related to the attraction and placement of funds by banks, and the reflection of these operations in accounting accounts” with amendments and additions. Instruction of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation dated June 30, 1997 No. 62-a “On the procedure for the formation and use of a reserve for possible losses on loans”, taking into account changes and additions. Letter of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation of 10.14.98 No. 285-T “Methodological recommendations to the Regulation of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation of 06.26.98 No. 39-P”, Letter of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation of 03.24.99 No. 104-T “On the application of the provisions of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation No. 39- P, No. 54-P”, as well as methodological recommendations dated 10/14/98 No. 285-T, etc.
In the course of checking the correctness of the reflection of credit transactions in accounting, one should be guided by the Rules, the Appendix to Regulation No. 54-P, Appendix 1 “Accounting for operations for accruing and paying (receiving) interest on attracted (placed) funds using the “cash” method” to Regulation No. 39”.
To check issues related to the taxation of credit transactions, you should use the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of May 16, 1994 No. 490 “Regulations on the specifics of determining the taxable base for paying income tax by banks and other credit institutions”. Ordinance of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation dated June 29, 2000 to No. 810-U “On accounting for the taxation of the amount of the reserve for possible losses on loans formed by credit institutions in accordance with Instruction of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation No. 62-a”, Instruction of the Ministry of Taxation of the Russian Federation dated June 15, 2000 No. 62 “On the procedure for calculating and paying the tax on profits of enterprises and organizations to the budget”, etc.
When conducting an audit of credit operations of banks, it is recommended to use the Letter of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation of December 16, 1998 No. 363-T “On guidelines on checking the loan portfolio of a credit institution”.
In accordance with the goal set during the audit, the following main checks are carried out:
active credit operations;
passive credit operations;
credit operations when closing contracts in non-monetary form;
currency lending operations.
Verification of documents is carried out, as a rule, selectively, i.e., documents are checked for a sample of individual clients, including banks.
The main regulatory document regulating the procedure for performing and accounting for these operations is Regulation No. 54-P. The said Regulations of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation approved the procedure for the provision (placement) of monetary funds by credit institutions and their return (repayment). According to clause 2.2 of the Regulations, the bank provides funds to its customers in the following ways:
1) one-time crediting of funds to the bank accounts of clients or the issuance of cash to a borrower - an individual;
2) opening a credit line for a client-borrower;
3) provision of a loan in the form of an overdraft and “under the debt limit”.
During the audit of active credit operations of banks, the following checks are performed:
organization of credit work in the bank and compliance with the procedure for processing documents for the issuance (prolongation) of a loan;
correct execution of documents to ensure the fulfillment of obligations under loan agreements, the procedure for storing documents;
the correctness of the reflection in the accounting of operations for the issuance and repayment of loans;
the correctness of the reflection in the accounting of operations for the accrual and receipt of interest for the use of a loan;
timeliness of write-off from the balance of overdue interest and the amount of the principal debt in the performance of the loan agreement in violation of obligations;
timeliness and completeness of the creation, adjustment and use of reserves for possible losses on loans;
implementation by the bank of control over the execution of loan agreements, organization of the bank's work with overdue debts;
lending operations by opening credit lines;
overdraft lending operations.
Checking the organization of credit work in a bank and compliance with the procedure for processing documents for issuing (prolonging) a loan begins with studying, analyzing and evaluating how the organization of credit work contributes to reducing the bank's credit risks. Assessment of the level of credit work is based on the study of the functions of departments (departments) dealing with lending issues, familiarization with the content credit policy jar.
The correctness of the distribution of duties in these departments is checked, cases of combining the duties of a credit inspector and an accountant are identified, and the state of intra-bank control over credit operations is assessed.
When studying the credit policy of the audited bank, one should evaluate its strategic orientation (goals, priorities, principles), monitor the compliance of the instructional materials contained in it with the regulations of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation in the field of lending, evaluate the quality of methodological developments for analyzing the creditworthiness of borrowers , analysis of the bank's loan portfolio, organization of control over the execution of loan agreements.
The organization of the work of the credit committee, its personnel, compliance with the normative documents regulating its activities are checked, the minutes of the meetings of the credit committee are analyzed, the actual implementation of the decisions taken by it is controlled. You should make sure that the bank complies with the established limits and restrictions on credit transactions.
Verification of compliance with the procedure for processing documents for issuing loans is carried out by examining a sample of credit files (dossiers) of borrower clients. The dossier should include: a loan application; annual report; balance sheet with appendices as of the last reporting date (with a note from the tax inspectorate); auditor's report on reliability annual report; business plan indicating the planned income expenses; a feasibility study of the loan, reflecting the economic efficiency and cost recovery during the period for which the loan is issued; loan agreement, loan security (collateral agreement, guarantees, guarantees, etc.), credit history of the borrower.
Extension of the term of validity of the auditor's qualification certificate for the right to carry out audit activities in the field of banking audit. Rights and obligations of audit firms (auditors). Organization of audits of credit institutions. Enforcement measures against audit firms (auditors) and the procedure for canceling licenses.
2. Bank of Russia requirements for the content of audit reports
The object of the audit. Basic requirements for an audit. The content of the audit report: introductory analytical and final parts. Types of audit report. Conditions and procedure for confirming the reliability of financial statements. Control of the Bank of Russia over compliance by audit firms (auditors) with the current legislation and regulations governing audit activities.
3. Audit of the formulation of analytical and synthetic accounting in credit organizations
Tasks and content of the audit of setting up analytical and synthetic accounting in credit institutions. Legislative and legal acts of the Russian Federation, which determine the accounting procedure. Normative acts of the Bank of Russia defining the accounting rules and the Chart of Accounts for accounting in credit institutions.
Sources of audit information. Ways to collect audit information. Criteria for the reliability of audit information. Methodology and procedure for auditing the setting of analytical and synthetic accounting in credit institutions. Checking the correctness of opening and maintaining personal accounts of clients and accounts for intra-bank operations. Registration book open accounts. Timeliness of reporting to the tax authorities off-budget funds about opening accounts. Compliance with the rules for the transfer of statements of personal accounts to customers. Checking the correctness of the accounting journal, statements of balances for accounts of the first, second order, personal accounts, balance and off-balance accounts. Checking synthetic accounting materials. Establishing the conformity of analytical and synthetic accounting materials. Evaluation of the setting of analytical and synthetic accounting in credit institutions. Analysis and evaluation of the accounting policy of credit organizations.
4. Audit of document flow and organization of intrabank control
Regulations establishing the procedure for document circulation in credit institutions.
Sources of audit information. Banking documents as a means of controlling the legality of the operation and the basis for the performance of accounting transactions.
Determination of the legitimacy of reflection banking operations in the documents of the credit institution. Checking the correctness of paperwork. Checking the formation and storage of documents of a credit institution.
Checking the setting of intrabank control in credit institutions. Evaluation of current and subsequent control. Organization of control in credit institutions for individual operations. Evaluation of the establishment of intra-bank control from the standpoint of ensuring the reliability of a credit institution.
5. Audit of the authorized and other funds of the bank
Normative base to audit the formation of the authorized capital and other funds of the bank.
Checking the correctness of the formation of the authorized capital of the bank; compliance of sources of formation, methods of formation and size of shares with the regulatory requirements of the Bank of Russia and Federal Commission on securities.
Checking the order of formation and use reserve fund jar. Verification of the procedure for the formation and use of economic incentive funds.
Compliance with the rules for accounting for the formation of equity capital and funds of the bank. Checking the correctness of accounting for the unpaid part of the placed shares, accounting for the repurchase and resale of own shares.
6. Audit of loans provided by credit institutions
Regulatory framework for the audit of issued loans. Audit of the correctness of maintaining personal accounts and reflecting transactions in accounting. Checking the organization of credit work and the effectiveness of credit management. Audit of the procedure for issuing and repaying an overdraft. Checking the procedure for registration, issuance and repayment of short-term loans. Audit of the completeness and correctness of the reflection of overdue debt in terms of the amount of principal and interest on it. Checking the procedure for accrual and use of reserves for possible losses on loans. Audit of loans issued individuals and entrepreneurs. Verification of loans granted to non-residents; typical errors identified during the audit. Experience in auditing.
7. Audit of received and provided interbank loans (IBK), attracted and placed deposits
Normative documents regulating the procedure for conducting an audit. The main directions of the audit of interbank loans and deposits. Sources audit evidence. Methods and techniques for auditing interbank loans and deposits.
Verification of the validity of the issuance and receipt of IBC. Audit of registration and repayment of overdrafts. Checking the correctness of the reflection of interbank loans received and issued, as well as placed and attracted deposits by maturity. Checking the timeliness and completeness of accounting for overdue debt on principal and interest on received and issued interbank loans.
8. Audit of bank operations with securities
Regulatory framework for auditing bank operations with securities. The main directions of the audit of operations on the bank's investment in debentures and shares. Checking the correctness and timeliness of opening accounts. Checking the correctness and reliability of REPO transactions, investment and resale transactions. Audit of the reflection in the accounting of transactions with debt obligations and shares, positive and negative differences. Checking the procedure for the formation and expenditure of reserves for depreciation of securities. Audit of completeness and timeliness of debt revaluation. Audit of the completeness and timeliness of accounting for paid or received accumulated (interest) income on interest (coupon) debt obligations. Checking the timeliness of the movement of securities on DEPO accounts. Checking the accounting of securities taken as collateral for a loan.
Audit of promissory notes accounted by the bank. Audit of the correctness of bills accounting by terms, amounts and subjects. Audit of promissory notes recorded by the bank that were not paid on time. Audit of the completeness and timeliness of the provision for depreciation of promissory notes and its use.
Audit of securities issued by banks. The main directions of checks of securities issued by banks by types and terms.
The procedure for verifying the correctness of accounting for securities issued by the bank.
Audit of securities held in trust management of the bank. Audit of securities held in a depository. Regulatory framework for the specified audit. The main methods and techniques used in the audit. Common Mistakes banks.
9. Audit cash transactions
Normative acts that determine the procedure for conducting cash transactions. Methodology for checking compliance by a credit institution with the established procedure for conducting cash transactions. Checking the validity of the issuance of cash from the cash desk of a credit institution.
Methods for checking the organization and accounting for the issuance of cash from the cash desk of a credit institution and operations for receiving cash at the cash desk of a credit institution. Evaluation of control by a credit institution over the turnover of cash. Checking the organization of work and the reflection in the accounting of operations of cash desks located outside the premises of the bank. Checking the correctness of registration and reflection in the accounting of the transfer of funds.
Evaluation of reporting on cash turnover of a credit institution. Checking the equipment of the depositories of the credit organization, the correctness of storage and accounting of the valuables located in it.
Checking the status of cash planning and compliance with the cash balance limit of the credit institution.
10. Audit of the settlement operations of the client by the credit institution
Regulatory documents governing the opening by credit institutions of settlement and current accounts in rubles and current accounts in foreign currency. Types of current accounts in rubles and in foreign currency.
Checking the validity of opening and correctness of maintaining settlement and current accounts in rubles for residents of the Russian Federation.
Checking the validity of opening and correctness of maintaining current accounts in rubles for non-residents of the Russian Federation.
Checking the validity of opening and correctness of maintaining current accounts in foreign currencies for residents and non-residents of the Russian Federation.
Checking the correctness of assigning numbers of personal settlement and current accounts.
Normative documents regulating the procedure for conducting settlements by credit institutions on the territory of the Russian Federation. Methods for checking compliance with the rules for making settlements by payment orders, payment requests - orders, checks, through letters of credit. Checking the correctness of making direct payments.
Evaluation of the quality of accounting for settlement operations.
11. Audit of transactions in foreign currencies
Normative documents of the Bank of Russia regulating the rules for recording operations in foreign currencies in the accounting of a credit institution. Regulatory documents of the Bank of Russia on issues currency control transactions in foreign currencies.
Verification of the legitimacy and correctness of opening by a credit institution of personal accounts in foreign currency on separate balance accounts. Monitoring compliance with the rules for numbering personal accounts for transactions in foreign currency.
Methods for exercising control over compliance with the norms of currency regulation and currency control when making transactions in foreign currency with reference to specific legislative and regulatory acts. Checking the reflection of import and export operations in the accounting of a credit institution. Analysis of control by a credit institution of payments in foreign currency between residents.
Methodology for checking compliance by a credit institution with the limit of an open foreign exchange position.
12. Audit of operations with precious metals
Legislative and regulations regulating the rules for conducting and accounting by a credit institution of operations with precious metals. Methodology for the implementation of control over operations with precious metals on the example of a separate operation of a credit institution. Forms of control.
13. Audit of the formation and use of reserves for active operations credit organizations
Normative documents regulating the procedure for the formation and use of reserves for active operations of credit institutions.
Tasks and directions of the audit of the creation of reserves for the active operations of the bank.
Sources of audit information. Ways to collect audit information. Information Reliability Criteria. Methodology and procedure for checking reserves for possible losses on interbank loans provided. Verification of the correctness and reliability of the creation of reserves for deposits placed with credit institutions. Audit of the formation of reserves for overdue interbank loans.
Credit organizations - essential element market economy. After all, it is they who concentrate the main flows of credit and financial transactions. The reporting of credit institutions is annually checked by an audit firm that has a license to exercise such control. The features of this procedure will be discussed in the article below.
An audit is an independent assessment of a company's financial statements. The main purpose of the audit is to analyze and control the authenticity of the forms of the annual report published by the credit institution. Such a procedure can be carried out by those who, in accordance with federal laws, have received a license. Such a document is drawn up by audit companies that have been working in this area for at least two years.
Based on the results of the audit, specialists draw up a conclusion that contains: information on the reliability of the financial statements of the credit institution, data on the fulfillment of established Central Bank Russian mandatory requirements and standards, assessment of the state of internal control. In addition to the items listed, the document may include additional data that are determined by the charter of the credit institution, federal law.
Before starting the verification procedure, the credit institution and the credit institution exchange information through correspondence, personal meetings, telephone calls in order to reach an understanding by determining the obligations of each of the parties and agreeing on all conditions.
The audit is carried out on the basis of an agreement concluded between the parties. This document contains: the names of the parties, the subject of the contract, its validity period, the date of the audit, the cost of work, the procedure for settlements, special conditions and legal addresses.
If a credit organization evades an audit or creates obstacles to its implementation, then a fine is imposed on the enterprise by a court decision.
Control over the work of credit institutions has a number of features. firms with the relevant knowledge and experience, capable of comprehensively, independently and impartially performing their work and giving a detailed, and most importantly, true opinion on the financial activities of a credit institution, should be required.
In addition, auditors are required to provide a number of useful recommendations that will help the commercial structure develop its activities in accordance with applicable law.
| Name of service | Cost (in rubles) | |
|---|---|---|
| Mandatory audit | from 30 000 | |
| Audit on your assignment | Audit of credit operations | from 50 000 |
| Audit of individual taxes | ||
| Audit foreign exchange transactions | ||
| Audit of import operations | ||
| Audit leasing operations | ||
| Audit of export operations | ||
| Accounts receivable audit, accounts payable | ||
| Cost audit | ||
| Express audit | from 30 000 | |
| Subscriber audit service | from 15 000 | |
