2.08.01-89*
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Introduction 1 area of use 3 terms and definitions 5 requirements for apartment premises 6 bearing capacity and deformability of structures 7 fire safety 7.1 prevention of the spread of fire 7.2 ensuring evacuation 7.3 fire requirements for engineering systems and building equipment 7.4 ensuring fire fighting and rescue operations 8 safety in use 9 ensuring sanitary and epidemiological requirements 10 durability and maintainability 11 energy saving Annex b Terms and definitions Appendix to the Rules for determining the area of premises, building area and number of storeys of a building during design Annex d Minimum number of passenger lifts |
INTRODUCTION
Sections 4, 6 - 10 of these standards contain requirements that meet the objectives of technical regulations and are subject to mandatory compliance, taking into account part 1 of article 46 federal law"On technical regulation".
Multi-apartment residential buildings, started by construction according to the design documentation developed and approved before January 1, 2004, can be built and put into operation without adjusting the design documentation in accordance with the requirements of these rules and regulations.
The work was carried out by the team of authors: Federal State Unitary Enterprise CNS (candidates of technical sciences S.N. Nersesov, L.S. exler), FCS Gosstroy of Russia (candidate of arch. L.A. Viktorova; N.N. Polyakov); OJSC "TsNIIEPzhilischa" (Doctor of Engineering Sciences SOUTH. Granik); MNIITEP (candidates architect. S.I. Yakhkind, I.S. Genkina, L.V. Petrova, cand. geogr. Sciences L.I. Konova, engineer . IN AND. Lagower), NIISF RAASN (candidate of technical sciences Yu.A. Sailors); UPPiN Moskomarchitectura (arch. A.P. Zobnin); Research Institute of Human Ecology and Environmental Hygiene. A.A. Sysina (prof., dr honey. Sciences Yu.D. Provincial, cand. honey. Sciences N.V. Kalinina); TK 209 "Elevators, construction hoists and escalators" ( CM. Roitburd); Management of technical regulation of Gosstroy of Russia ( V.A. Glukharev).
SNiP 31-01-2003
BUILDING NORMS AND RULES OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION
BUILDINGRESIDENTIALAPARTMENTS
MULTICOMPARTMENT RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS
Introduction date 2003-10-01
1 AREA OF USE
1.1 These rules and regulations apply to the design and construction of newly constructed and reconstructed multi-apartment residential buildings up to 75 m high (hereinafter adopted in accordance with SNiP 21-01 1), apartment-type dormitories, as well as residential premises that are part of the premises buildings for other purposes.
1 The height of the building is determined by the difference in the marks of the passage surface for fire engines and the lower boundary of the opening opening (window) in the outer wall of the upper floor, including the attic. In this case, the upper technical floor is not taken into account.
The rules and regulations do not apply: to block-built residential buildings designed in accordance with the requirements of SNiP 31-02, in which premises related to different apartments, are not located one above the other, and only the walls between adjacent blocks are common, as well as to mobile residential buildings.
The norms do not regulate the conditions for settling the building and the form of ownership of it, its apartments and individual premises.
Regulatory documents, to which there are references in the text of these standards, are given in Appendix A.
When excluded from active normative documents referred to in these standards, one should be guided by the standards introduced to replace the excluded ones.
3 TERMS AND DEFINITIONS
AT this document terms are used, the definitions of which are given in Appendix B, as well as other terms, the definitions of which are adopted according to the normative documents listed in Appendix A.
4 GENERAL
4.1 The construction of residential buildings must be carried out according to the project in accordance with the requirements of these building codes and rules and other normative documents establishing the rules for design and construction on the basis of a building permit. The rules for determining the building area and the number of storeys of buildings during the design are given in Appendix B.
4.2 Placement of a residential building, distances from it to other buildings and structures, dimensions land plots at the house are installed in accordance with the requirements of SNiP 2.07.01. The number of floors and length of buildings are determined by the development project. When determining the number of storeys and length of residential buildings in seismic areas, the requirements of SNiP II-7 and SNiP 2.07.01 should be met.
4.3 When designing and constructing a residential building, conditions must be provided for the life of people with limited mobility, accessibility of the site, building and apartments for disabled people using wheelchairs, if the placement of apartments for families with disabled people in this residential building is established in the design assignment.
Apartment houses for the elderly should be designed no higher than nine floors, for families with disabilities - no more than five. In other types of residential buildings, apartments for families with disabilities should be located on the ground floors.
In residential buildings of the federal and municipal housing stocks, the proportion of apartments for families with disabled people who use wheelchairs is established in the design assignment by local governments. Specific requirements for ensuring the life of the disabled and other people with limited mobility should be provided for, taking into account local conditions and the requirements of SNiP 35-01.
4.4 The project must be accompanied by instructions for the operation of apartments and public premises of the house.
The operating instructions for apartments and premises of the house should contain the data necessary for tenants (owners) of apartments and built-in public premises, as well as operating organizations to ensure safety during operation, including: information about the main structures and engineering systems, layouts of hidden elements and frame nodes, hidden wiring and engineering networks, as well as the limit values of loads on structural elements of the house and on its power grid. These data can be presented in the form of copies of executive documentation. In addition, the instruction should include rules for the maintenance and maintenance of fire protection systems and an evacuation plan in case of fire.
4.5 In residential buildings, provision should be made for: domestic drinking, fire-fighting and hot water supply, sewerage and drains in accordance with SNiP 2.04.01 and SNiP 2.04.02; heating, ventilation, smoke protection - in accordance with SNiP 41-01.
4.6 Residential buildings should be provided with electric lighting, power electrical equipment, telephone, radio, television antennas and bell alarms, as well as automatic fire alarms, warning and evacuation control systems in case of fire, elevators for transporting fire departments and means of rescuing people in accordance with the requirements of regulatory documents.
4.7 On the roofs of residential buildings, provision should be made for the installation of antennas for the collective reception of transmissions and racks of wired broadcasting networks. Installation of radio relay masts and towers is prohibited.
4.8 Elevators should be provided in residential buildings with the floor level of the upper residential floor exceeding the floor level of the first floor by 11.2 m.
In residential buildings starting construction after 01/01/2010, in IA, I B, I D, I D and IVA climatic sub-regions, elevators should be provided in buildings with the floor level of the upper floor exceeding the floor level of the first floor by 9.0 m .
The minimum number of passenger elevators that residential buildings of various heights must be equipped with is given in Appendix D.
It is allowed, when justifying, not to provide for elevators when adding one floor to existing 5-storey residential buildings. In buildings equipped with an elevator, it is allowed not to provide for an elevator stop in the superstructured floor.
In residential buildings, in which on floors above the first floor accommodation is provided for apartments for families with disabled people who use wheelchairs for movement, there should be passenger elevators or lifting platforms in accordance with the requirements of SNiP 35-01, GOST R 51631 and NPB 250.
4.9 The width of the platforms in front of the elevators should allow the use of the elevator to transport the patient on an ambulance stretcher and be at least, m:
With a two-row arrangement of elevators, the width of the elevator hall must be at least, m:
4.10 In the basement, first and second floors of a residential building (in large and largest cities 1 on the third floor), it is allowed to place built-in and built-in-attached public premises, with the exception of objects that have a harmful effect on humans.
1 Classification of cities - according to SNiP 2.07.01.
It is not allowed to post:
specialized stores of mosquito-chemical and other goods, the operation of which may lead to pollution of the territory and air of residential buildings; stores with the presence of explosive substances and materials in them; shops selling synthetic carpets, auto parts, tires and motor oils;
specialized fish shops; warehouses for any purpose, including wholesale (or small wholesale) trade;
all enterprises, as well as shops with a mode of operation after 23 h 2; consumer service establishments that use flammable substances (except for hairdressers and watch repair shops with a total area of up to 300 m 2); baths and saunas (except for individual saunas in apartments);
2 The time of restriction of operation can be specified by local governments.
catering and leisure establishments with more than 50 seats, a total area of more than 250 m 2 and with musical accompaniment;
laundries and dry cleaners (except for collection points and self-service laundries with a capacity of up to 75 kg per shift); automatic telephone exchanges with a total area of more than 100 m 2 ; public restrooms; funeral homes; built-in and attached transformer substations;
production premises (except for premises of categories B and D for the work of disabled people and older people, including: points for issuing work at home, workshops for assembly and decorative work); dental laboratories, clinical diagnostic and bacteriological laboratories; dispensaries of all types; day hospitals of dispensaries and hospitals of private clinics: trauma centers, ambulance and emergency medical substations; dermatovenerological, psychiatric, infectious and phthisiatric rooms for medical appointments; departments (rooms) of magnetic resonance imaging;
x-ray rooms, as well as rooms with medical or diagnostic equipment and installations that are sources of ionizing radiation, veterinary clinics and offices.
Shops selling synthetic carpet products may be located attached to the blind sections of the walls of residential buildings with a fire resistance limit of REI 150.
4.11 It is not allowed to place premises for storage, processing and use in various installations and devices of flammable and combustible liquids and gases, explosives, combustible materials in the basement and basement floors of residential buildings; rooms for children; cinemas, conference halls and other halls with more than 50 seats, as well as medical institutions. When placing other premises on these floors, one should also take into account the restrictions established in 4.10 of this SNiP and in Appendix 4* of SNiP 2.08.02.
Loading of public premises built into residential buildings should be carried out: from the ends of residential buildings that do not have windows; from underground tunnels; from highways (streets) in the presence of special loading rooms.
It is allowed not to provide for the indicated loading rooms with an area of built-in public rooms up to 150 m 2.
4.13 On the top floor of residential buildings, it is allowed to place workshops for artists and architects, as well as office (office) premises with no more than 5 people working in each, while taking into account the requirements of 7.2.15 of this SNiP.
It is allowed to place office premises in superstructured attic floors in buildings not lower than the II degree of fire resistance and not more than 28 m high.
4.14 In residential floors, it is allowed to place public premises for individual activities (within the area of apartments). As part of apartments with a two-sided orientation, it is allowed to provide additional premises for a family kindergarten for a group of no more than 10 people; reception rooms for one or two doctors (in agreement with the bodies of the sanitary and epidemiological service); massage room for one specialist.
Family Kindergarten it is allowed to place in apartments with a two-sided orientation, located no higher than the 2nd floor in buildings not lower than the II degree of fire resistance, provided that these apartments are provided with an emergency exit in accordance with 6.20 *, a) or b) SNiP 21-01 and, if it is possible to arrange playgrounds on adjoining territory.
4.15 When arranging built-in or built-in-attached parking lots in residential buildings, the requirements of SNiP 21-02 should be observed. Residential floors and floors with premises for preschool institutions and medical institutions should be separated from the parking lot by a technical floor.
4.16 In multi-apartment residential buildings in the first, basement or basement floors, a pantry for cleaning equipment equipped with a sink should be provided.
4.17 The need for a waste chute in residential buildings is determined by local governments, depending on the adopted waste disposal system.
5 REQUIREMENTS FOR THE PREMISES OF APARTMENTS
5.1 Apartments in residential buildings should be designed based on the conditions for settling them by one family.
5.2 In buildings of state and municipal housing funds minimum dimensions apartments by the number of rooms and their area (excluding the area of balconies, terraces, verandas, loggias, cold storage rooms and apartment vestibules) is recommended to be taken according to table 5.1. The number of rooms and the area of apartments for specific regions and cities is specified by the local administration, taking into account demographic requirements, the achieved level of housing provision for the population and the resource supply of housing construction.
In residential buildings of other forms of ownership, the composition of the premises and the area of apartments are established by the customer-developer in the design assignment.
5.3 In apartments provided to citizens, taking into account the social norm of housing area 1 in the buildings of state and municipal housing funds, living quarters (rooms) and utility rooms should be provided: a kitchen (or a kitchen niche), an entrance hall, a bathroom (or a shower room) and a toilet (or combined bathroom), pantry (or household built-in closet).
1 The social norm of housing area - the size of the housing area per person, is determined in accordance with Art. 1 and Art. 11 of the Law of the Russian Federation "On the Fundamentals of the Federal Housing Policy".
5.4 A ventilated drying cabinet for outerwear and footwear is provided for during the construction of a residential building in IA, I B, I D and II A climatic subregions.
Table 5.1
Loggias and balconies should be provided: in apartments of houses built in III and IV climatic regions, in apartments for families with disabled people, in other types of apartments and other climatic regions - taking into account fire safety requirements and adverse conditions.
Unfavorable conditions for designing balconies and unglazed loggias:
5.5 Placement of residential premises in the basement and basement floors of residential buildings is not allowed.
5.6 The dimensions of the residential and utility rooms of the apartment are determined depending on the required set of furniture and equipment, placed taking into account the requirements of ergonomics.
5.7 The area of the premises in the apartments specified in 5.3 must be at least: living quarters (rooms) in a one-room apartment - 14 m 2, common living quarters in apartments with two or more rooms - 16 m 2, bedrooms - 8 m 2 (10 m 2 - for two people); kitchens - 8 m 2; kitchen area in the kitchen - dining room - 6 m 2. In one-room apartments, it is allowed to design kitchens or kitchen niches with an area of at least 5 m 2.
The area of the bedroom and kitchen in the attic floor (or floor with inclined enclosing structures) is allowed at least 7 m 2, provided that the common living space has an area of at least 16 m 2.
5.8 The height (from floor to ceiling) of living quarters and the kitchen (kitchen-dining room) in climatic regions IA, I B, I D, I D and IVA must be at least 2.7 m, and in other climatic regions - at least 2, 5 m
The height of intra-apartment corridors, halls, front, mezzanines (and under them) is determined by the conditions for the safety of people's movement and should be at least 2.1 m.
In residential premises and kitchens of apartments located in the attic floor (or upper floors with inclined enclosing structures), a lower ceiling height is allowed relative to the normalized area, not exceeding 50%.
5.9 Common living quarters in 2-, 3- and 4-room apartments of the housing stock buildings specified in 5.3, and bedrooms in all apartments should be designed impassable.
5.10 The premises of the apartments specified in 5.3 must be equipped with:
The device of a combined bathroom is allowed in one-room apartments of houses of state and municipal housing funds, in other apartments - according to the design assignment.
6 BEARING CAPACITY AND DEFORMABILITY OF STRUCTURES
6.1 The foundations and load-bearing structures of the building must be designed and erected in such a way that during its construction and under the design operating conditions the possibility of:
destruction or damage to structures, leading to the need to stop the operation of the building;
unacceptable deterioration in the performance properties of structures or the building as a whole due to deformation or cracking.
6.2 The structures and foundations of the building must be designed to withstand constant loads from the own weight of the supporting and enclosing structures; temporary uniformly distributed and concentrated loads on floors; snow and wind loads for a given construction area. The normative values of the listed loads, taking into account unfavorable combinations of loads or their corresponding forces, the limit values of deflections and displacements of structures, as well as the values of the safety factors for loads must be taken in accordance with the requirements of SNiP 2.01.07.
The additional requirements of the customer-developer specified in the design assignment must also be taken into account, for example, for the placement of fireplaces, heavy equipment for public premises built into a residential building; to fastening heavy elements of interior equipment to walls and ceilings.
6.3 The methods used in the design of structures for calculating their bearing capacity and deformability must meet the requirements of the current regulatory documents for structures made of appropriate materials.
When placing buildings on an undermined territory, on subsiding soils, in seismic regions, as well as in other complex geological conditions, additional requirements of the relevant norms and rules should be taken into account.
6.4 The foundations of the building must be designed taking into account the physical and mechanical characteristics of the soils provided for in SNiP 2.02.01, SNiP 2.02.03 (for permafrost soils - in SNiP 2.02.04), the characteristics of the hydrogeological regime at the construction site, as well as the degree of aggressiveness of soils and underground water in relation to foundations and underground engineering networks and must ensure the necessary uniformity of the settlement of the foundations under the building elements.
6.5 When calculating a building with a height of more than 40 m for a wind load, in addition to the conditions of strength and stability of the building and its individual structural elements, restrictions must be provided on the vibration parameters of the ceilings of the upper floors, due to the requirements for living comfort.
6.6 In case of occurrence during the reconstruction of additional loads and impacts on the remaining part of the residential building, its load-bearing and enclosing structures, as well as the foundation soils, must be checked for these loads and impacts in accordance with applicable standards, regardless of the physical wear of the structures.
In this case, one should take into account the actual bearing capacity of the foundation soils as a result of their change during the operation period, as well as the increase in the strength of concrete in concrete and reinforced concrete structures over time.
6.7 When reconstructing a residential building, one should take into account changes in its design scheme that have arisen during the operation of this building (including the appearance of new openings that are additional to the original design decision, as well as the impact of the repair of structures or their strengthening).
6.8 When reconstructing residential buildings with a change in the location of sanitary facilities, it is necessary to carry out appropriate additional measures for hydro, noise and vibration isolation, as well as, if necessary, strengthening the ceilings on which the equipment of these sanitary facilities is to be installed.
7 FIRE SAFETY
7.1 PREVENTION OF THE SPREAD OF FIRE
7.1.1 fire safety buildings should be provided in accordance with the requirements of SNiP 21-01 for buildings of functional fire hazard F1.3 and the rules established in this document for specially stipulated cases, and during operation in accordance with PPB 01.
7.1.2 The permissible height of the building and the floor area within the fire compartment are determined depending on the degree of fire resistance and the class of constructive fire hazard according to table 7.1.
Table 7.1
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The degree of fire resistance of the building |
The highest allowable height of the building, m |
The largest allowable floor area of the fire compartment, m 2 |
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Not standardized |
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Note - The degree of fire resistance of a building with unheated extensions should be taken according to the degree of fire resistance of the heated part of the building. |
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7.1.3 Buildings I, II and III degrees of fire resistance can be built on one attic floor with load-bearing elements having a fire resistance rating of at least R 45 and fire hazard class K0, regardless of the height of the buildings specified in table 7.1, but located no higher than 75 m. Enclosing structures of this floors must meet the requirements for the structures of the superstructure.
When using wooden structures, structural fire protection should be provided to ensure these requirements.
7.1.4 The fire resistance limit on the basis of R for gallery structures in gallery houses of I, II and III degrees of fire resistance must correspond to the values \u200b\u200baccepted for floors of buildings, and have a fire hazard class K0. The structures of galleries in buildings of IV degree of fire resistance must have a fire resistance rating of at least R 15 and a fire hazard class of K0.
7.1.5 In buildings of I, II and III degrees of fire resistance, only structural fire protection should be used to ensure the required fire resistance of the building's load-bearing elements.
7.1.6 The load-bearing elements of two-story buildings of the IV degree of fire resistance must have a fire resistance rating of at least R 30.
7.1.7 In buildings of I, II and III degrees of fire resistance, intersection walls and partitions, as well as walls and partitions separating non-apartment corridors from other premises, must have a fire resistance rating of at least EI 45, in buildings of IV fire resistance - at least EI 15.
In buildings of I, II and III degrees of fire resistance, inter-apartment non-bearing walls and partitions must have a fire resistance rating of at least EI 30 and fire hazard class K0, in buildings of IV fire resistance - a fire resistance rating of at least EI 15 and a fire hazard class of at least K1.
7.1.8 The fire hazard class and the fire resistance limit of interior, including cabinet, collapsible, with doorways and sliding partitions are not standardized.
7.1.9 Partitions between storerooms in the basement and basement floors of buildings of the II degree of fire resistance up to five floors inclusive, as well as in buildings of III and IV degrees of fire resistance, can be designed with a non-standardized fire resistance limit and fire hazard class. Partitions separating the technical corridor of the basement and basement floors from the rest of the premises must be fireproof of the 1st type.
7.1.10 Technical, basement, ground floors and attics should be divided by fire partitions of the 1st type into compartments with an area of \u200b\u200bno more than 500 m 2 in non-sectional residential buildings, and in sectional ones - in sections.
In technical floors and attics, in the absence of combustible materials and structures in them, the fire resistance limit of doors in fireproof partitions is not standardized. They can be made from materials of combustibility groups G1 and G2 or in accordance with 7.20 of SNiP 21-01.
7.1.11 Fences of loggias and balconies in buildings with a height of three floors or more must be made of non-combustible materials.
From non-combustible materials, external sun protection should also be performed in buildings of I, II and III degrees of fire resistance with a height of 5 floors or more.
7.1.12 Public premises should be separated from the premises of the residential part by fire partitions of the 1st type and ceilings of the 3rd type without openings, in buildings of the I degree of fire resistance - by ceilings of the 2nd type.
7.1.13 The garbage collection chamber must have an independent entrance, isolated from the entrance to the building by a blank wall, and be distinguished by fire partitions and ceilings with fire resistance limits of at least REI 60 and fire hazard class K0.
7.1.14 Roofing, rafters and attic sheathing are allowed to be made of combustible materials. In buildings with attics (with the exception of buildings of the V degree of fire resistance), when installing rafters and lathing from combustible materials, it is not allowed to use roofs made of combustible materials, and the rafters and lathing should be subjected to fire retardant treatment. With constructive protection of these structures, they should not contribute to the latent spread of combustion.
7.1.15 The load-bearing structures of the coating of the built-in-attached part must have a fire resistance rating of at least R 45 and a fire hazard class of K0. If there are windows in a residential building oriented to the built-in-attached part of the building, the level of the roof at the junction should not exceed the floor mark above the living quarters of the main part of the building. The insulation in the coating must be non-combustible.
7.1.16 When arranging storerooms solid fuel in the basement or first floor, they should be separated from other rooms by deaf fire partitions of the 1st type and ceilings of the 3rd type. The exit from these pantries should be directly outside.
7.2 EVACUATION PROVISION
7.2.1 The greatest distances from the doors of the apartments to the staircase or exit to the outside should be taken according to table 7.2.
Table 7.2
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The degree of fire resistance of the building |
Building constructive fire hazard class |
The greatest distance from the apartment door to the exit, m |
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when located between stairwells or external entrances |
at exits to a dead-end corridor or gallery |
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Not standardized |
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In a section of a residential building, when leaving the apartments into a corridor (hall) that does not have a window opening with an area of at least 1.2 m 2 at the end, the distance from the door of the most remote apartment to the exit directly to the staircase or exit to the vestibule leading to the air zone smoke-free staircase, should not exceed 12 m, if there is a window opening or smoke exhaust in the corridor (hall), this distance can be taken according to table 7.2 as for a dead-end corridor.
7.2.2 The width of the corridor should be, m, not less than: if its length between the stairs or the end of the corridor and the stairs is up to 40 m - 1.4, over 40 m - 1.6, the width of the gallery is not less than 1.2 m. Corridors should be separated by partitions with doors with fire resistance EI 30, equipped with closers and located at a distance of no more than 30 m from one another and from the ends of the corridor.
7.2.3 It is allowed to provide glazed doors in stairwells and elevator lobbies, while in buildings with a height of four floors or more - with reinforced glass.
7.2.4 The number of emergency exits from the floor and the type of staircases should be taken according to SNiP 21-01.
7.2.5 In residential buildings with a height of less than 28 m, designed for placement in climatic region IV and climatic subregion III B, it is allowed to install external open stairs made of non-combustible materials with a fire resistance of at least R 60 instead of staircases.
7.2.6 In residential buildings of the corridor (gallery) type, with a total area of apartments per floor up to 500 m 2, it is allowed to provide access to one stairwell of type H1 with a building height of more than 28 m or type L1 with a building height of less than 28 m, provided that at the ends of the corridors ( galleries) provides exits to the external stairs of the 3rd type, leading to the level of the floor of the second floor. When placing these staircases at the end of the building, it is allowed to install one staircase of the 3rd type in the opposite end of the corridor (gallery).
7.2.7 When adding existing buildings up to 28 m high on one floor, it is allowed to maintain the existing staircase of type L1, provided that the superstructured floor is provided with an emergency exit according to 6.20 *, a), b) or in) SNiP 21-01.
7.2.8 With a total area of apartments on the floor, and for buildings of a sectional type - on the floor of a section, more than 500 m 2, evacuation must be carried out at least two staircases (normal or smoke-free).
In residential buildings with a total area of apartments on the section floor (the floor of a corridor, gallery building) from 500 to 550 m 2, one emergency exit from the apartments is allowed:
if the height of the upper floor is not more than 28 m - into an ordinary staircase, provided that the front rooms in the apartments are equipped with addressable fire alarm sensors;
if the height of the upper floor is more than 28 m - into one smoke-free staircase, provided that all premises of the apartments (except for bathrooms, bathrooms, showers and laundry rooms) are equipped with addressable fire alarm sensors or automatic fire extinguishing.
7.2.9 For a multi-level apartment, it is allowed not to provide access to the stairwell from each floor, provided that the premises of the apartment are located no higher than 18 m and the floor of the apartment that does not have direct access to the stairwell is provided with an emergency exit in accordance with the requirements of 6.20 *, a), b) or in) SNiP 21-01. The internal staircase is allowed to be made of wood.
7.2.10 Passage to the outer air zone of the H1 type stairwell is allowed through the elevator hall, while the arrangement of elevator shafts and doors in them must be carried out in accordance with the requirements of 7.22 SNiP 21-01.
7.2.11 In buildings up to 50 m high with a total area of apartments on the section floor up to 500 m 2, an evacuation exit may be provided for a stairwell of type H2 or H3 when one of the elevators is installed in the building, which ensures the transportation of fire departments and meets the requirements of NPB 250. At the same time, an exit to the H2 stairwell should be provided through the vestibule (or elevator hall), and the doors of the stairwell, elevator shafts, tambour locks and vestibules must be type 2 fireproof.
7.2.12 In sectional houses with a height of more than 28 m, it is allowed to arrange an exit to the outside from smoke-free staircases (type H1) through the lobby (in the absence of exits to it from the parking lot and public premises), separated from the adjacent corridors by fireproof partitions of the 1st type with fire doors 2- type. At the same time, the connection of the H1 type staircase with the vestibule should be arranged through the air zone. It is allowed to fill the opening of the air zone on the ground floor with a metal grate. On the way from the apartment to the H1 stairwell there must be at least two (not counting the doors from the apartment) sequentially located self-closing doors.
7.2.13 In a building with a height of three floors or more, exits to the outside from the basement, basement floors and technical underground must be located at least 100 m apart and must not communicate with the staircases of the residential part of the building.
It is allowed to arrange exits from basements and basement floors through the staircase of the residential part in buildings up to 5 floors. These exits must be separated within the first floor from the exit from the residential part by fireproof partitions of the 1st type.
Exits from technical floors should be provided in accordance with 6.21 SNiP 21-01.
Exits from technical floors located in the middle or upper part of the building are allowed through common staircases, and in buildings with H1 staircases - through the air zone.
7.2.14 When arranging emergency exits from attic floors on the roof, in accordance with 6.20 * SNiP 21-01, it is necessary to provide for platforms and walkways with a fence in accordance with GOST 25772 leading to type 3 stairs and P2 stairs.
7.2.15 Public premises must have entrances and emergency exits isolated from the residential part of the building.
When the studios of artists and architects, as well as office premises are located on the upper floor, it is allowed to take the stairwells of the residential part of the building as the second evacuation exit, while the communication of the floor with the stairwell should be provided through a vestibule with fire doors. The door in the vestibule, facing the staircase, should be provided with opening only from the inside of the room.
It is allowed to arrange one evacuation exit from the premises of public institutions located on the first and basement floors with a total area of \u200b\u200bnot more than 300 m 2 and the number of employees not more than 15 people.
7.3 FIRE FIGHTING REQUIREMENTS FOR ENGINEERING SYSTEMS AND EQUIPMENT OF THE BUILDING
7.3.1 Smoke protection of buildings must be carried out in accordance with SNiP 41-01. In buildings with a height of more than 28 m with smoke-free staircases, it should be provided for the removal of smoke from floor corridors through special shafts with forced exhaust and valves arranged on each floor at the rate of one shaft per 30 m of the length of the corridor. An autonomous fan should be provided for each smoke exhaust shaft. Smoke exhaust shafts must have a fire resistance rating of at least EI 60.
In elevator shafts in buildings with a height of more than 28 m, in case of fire, outdoor air should be supplied in accordance with SNiP 41-01.
7.3.2 Ventilation installations for air overpressure and smoke removal should be located in separate ventilation chambers, fenced off with type 1 fireproof partitions. Opening of valves and switching on of fans should be provided by automatic switches installed in the hallways of apartments, in non-apartment corridors or halls, in concierge rooms, as well as remotely from buttons installed on each floor in fire hydrant cabinets.
7.3.3 The protection of buildings by automatic fire alarms should be provided in accordance with NPB 110. If there is an automatic fire alarm in the building, smoke fire detectors should be installed in the concierge room, in non-apartment corridors and garbage collection chambers.
Thermal fire detectors installed in the hallways of apartments in buildings with a height of more than 28 m must have a response temperature of not more than 52 ° C.
Residential premises of apartments and dormitories (except for bathrooms, bathrooms, showers, laundry rooms, saunas) should be equipped with autonomous smoke fire detectors that meet the requirements of NPB 66.
7.3.4 The fire warning system must be carried out in accordance with NPB 104.
7.3.5 Intra-house and intra-apartment Electricity of the net must be equipped with residual current devices (RCD) in accordance with the PUE.
7.3.6 In the kitchens of residential buildings with a height of 11 floors or more, it is not allowed to install gas-fired cookers.
7.3.7 In the absence of the possibility or expediency of connecting new and reconstructed multi-apartment residential buildings to a centralized or autonomous heat supply system in apartments and built-in public buildings, except for the premises of children's and medical institutions, it is allowed to provide individual heat supply systems with natural gas heat generators with closed combustion chambers.
For hot water supply systems, it is allowed to use heat generators with an open combustion chamber in apartments of residential buildings of constructive fire hazard class C0, I, II and III degrees of fire resistance and no more than 5 floors high.
7.3.8 Heat generators should be placed in a separate non-residential premises, while the total thermal power of heat generators should not exceed 100 kW. The installation of heat generators with a total thermal power of up to 35 kW is allowed to be provided in kitchens.
The room for heat generators is not allowed to be placed in the basement. It must have a window with a glazing area at the rate of 0.03 m 2 per 1 m 3 of the volume of the room, with a window or other special device for ventilation located in the upper part of the window. The volume of the room is determined based on the conditions for the convenience of operation of heat generators and production installation work and be at least 15 m 3.
The height of the room must be at least 2.2 m. The dimensions of the room must ensure the arrangement of passages with a width of at least 0.7 m.
Heat generators should be installed:
The floor area under the floor heat generator must have a protective coating made of non-combustible (NG) or slow-burning (G1) materials and protrude beyond the dimensions of the heat generator body by at least 10 cm.
7.3.9 Apartment heat generators, cooking and heating stoves operating on solid fuels may be provided in residential buildings up to two floors inclusive (excluding the basement). Storerooms of solid fuel should be placed in outbuildings.
7.3.10 Heat generators, including solid fuel stoves and fireplaces, cooking stoves and chimneys, must be made with the implementation of structural measures in accordance with the requirements of SNiP 41-01. Prefabricated heat generators and hobs must also be installed taking into account the safety requirements contained in the manufacturer's instructions.
7.3.11 The collection chamber must be protected throughout the area by sprinklers. The section of the distribution pipeline of the sprinklers must be annular, connected to the building's drinking water supply network and have thermal insulation made of non-combustible materials. The chamber door must be insulated.
7.3.12 In two-story buildings of the V degree of fire resistance with a number of apartments of 4 or more, a dry pipe should be provided in the volume of the staircase with its output to the attic.
The dry pipe must have branch pipes brought out to the outside, equipped with valves and connecting heads for connecting mobile fire equipment, and in the attic - a connecting head for connecting a fire hose.
In the distribution (introductory) electrical panels of these buildings, the installation of self-actuating fire extinguishers should be provided.
7.4 FIRE FIGHTING AND RESCUE PROVISION
7.4.1 Through passages in buildings should be taken as a clear width of at least 3.5 m, a height of at least 4.25 m for buildings up to 50 m high and at least 4.5 m for buildings over 50 m high. buildings should be located at a distance of no more than 100 m from one another.
It is allowed not to arrange through passages through the stairwells when installing water supply networks with the installation of fire hydrants on them from two opposite sides of the building.
7.4.2 In each compartment of the basement or basement, separated by fire barriers, at least two windows with dimensions of at least 0.9 ´ 1.2 m with pits should be provided. The free area of these windows must be taken according to the calculation, but not less than 0.2% of the floor area of these premises. The dimensions of the pit should allow the supply of fire extinguishing agent from the foam generator and the removal of smoke using a smoke exhauster (the distance from the wall of the building to the border of the pit should be at least 0.7 m).
7.4.3 In the transverse walls of basements and technical undergrounds of large-panel buildings, openings 1.6 m high are allowed. In this case, the height of the threshold should not exceed 0.3 m.
7.4.4 Fire water supply must be carried out in accordance with SNiP 2.04.01 and SNiP 2.04.02.
In buildings up to 50 m high, instead of an internal fire-fighting water supply, it is allowed to provide for the installation of dry pipes with branch pipes brought out to the outside with valves and connecting heads for connecting fire trucks. The connecting heads must be placed on the facade in a place convenient for installing at least two fire trucks at a height of 0.8 - 1.2 m.
7.4.5 On the drinking water supply network in each apartment, a separate tap should be provided for connecting a hose equipped with a sprayer to be used as the primary device for internal fire extinguishing to eliminate the source of fire. The length of the hose should ensure the possibility of supplying water to any point in the apartment.
7.4.6 In residential buildings with a height of more than 50 m, one of the elevators must ensure the transportation of fire departments and comply with the requirements of NPB 250.
8 SAFETY IN USE
8.1 A residential building must be designed, erected and equipped in such a way as to prevent the risk of injury to residents when moving inside and around the house, when entering and leaving the house, as well as when using its elements and engineering equipment.
8.2 The slope and width of flights of stairs and ramps, the height of the steps, the width of the treads, the width of the landings, the height of the passages on the stairs, the basement, the attic in operation, as well as the dimensions of the doorways, should ensure the convenience and safety of movement and the possibility of moving equipment items of the corresponding premises of apartments and built-in public building building.
The minimum width and maximum slope of flights of stairs should be taken according to table 8.1.
Table 8.1
|
March name |
Minimum width, m |
Max slope |
|
Flights of stairs leading to the residential floors of buildings: |
||
|
sectional: |
||
|
two-storey |
||
|
three stories or more |
||
|
corridor |
||
|
Flights of stairs leading to the basement and basement floors, as well as internal staircases |
||
|
Note - The width of the march should be determined by the distance between the fences or between the wall and the fence. |
||
The height of differences in the floor level of different rooms and spaces in the building must be safe. Where necessary, handrails and ramps should be provided. The number of rises in one flight of stairs or at a level difference should be at least 3 and not more than 18. The use of stairs with different heights and depths of steps is not allowed. In two-level apartments, internal staircases are allowed with spiral or winder steps, while the width of the tread in the middle must be at least 18 cm.
8.3 The height of the railings of stairs, balconies, loggias, terraces, roofs and in places of dangerous drops must be at least 1.2 m. Flights of stairs and landings must have railings with handrails.
Fencing must be continuous, equipped with handrails and designed to absorb horizontal loads of at least 0.3 kN/m.
8.4 Constructive decisions elements of the house (including the location of voids, methods of sealing the places where pipelines pass through structures, arrangement of ventilation holes, placement of thermal insulation, etc.) should provide protection against the penetration of rodents.
8.5 The engineering systems of the building must be designed and installed taking into account the safety requirements contained in the regulatory documents of the state supervision bodies and the instructions of the equipment manufacturers.
8.6 Engineering equipment and instruments in case of possible seismic effects must be securely fixed.
8.7 It is allowed to design a fireplace in an apartment on the top floor of a residential building, on any level of a multi-level apartment, located last in height in the house.
8.8 In a residential building and on the adjacent territory, measures should be provided aimed at reducing the risks of criminal manifestations and their consequences, contributing to the protection of people living in a residential building and minimizing possible damage in the event of illegal actions. These activities are set in the design assignment in accordance with regulatory legal acts local authorities and may include the use of explosion-proof structures, the installation of intercoms, combination locks, security alarm systems, protective structures of window openings in the first, basement and upper floors, in basement pits, as well as entrance doors leading to the basement, to the attic and, at necessary, to other premises.
General security systems (television control, burglar alarms, etc.) must protect fire fighting equipment from unauthorized access and vandalism.
Measures aimed at reducing the risks of criminal manifestations should be supplemented at the operational stage.
8.9 In separate residential buildings, determined according to the layout of civil defense structures, dual-use premises should be designed in accordance with the instructions of SNiP II-11.
8.10 Lightning protection is designed in accordance with the requirements of RD 34.21.122.
8.11 On the operated roofs of residential buildings (except for residential buildings with public premises on the upper floors), roofs of built-in and attached public premises, as well as at the entrance area, on summer non-residential premises, in connecting elements between residential buildings, including open non-residential floors (first and intermediate) used for device sports grounds for the rest of adult residents of the house, areas for drying clothes and cleaning clothes or a solarium, the necessary security measures should be provided (device of fences and measures to protect ventilation outlets).
8.12 When designing saunas in apartments, the following should be considered:
the volume of the steam room - no more than 24 m 3;
a special factory-made oven for heating with automatic shutdown when the temperature reaches 130 °C, as well as after 8 hours of continuous operation;
placement of this furnace at a distance of at least 0.2 m from the walls of the steam room;
installation of a fireproof heat-insulating shield above the furnace;
equipment of the ventilation duct with a fire damper in accordance with SNiP 41-01.
8.13 The switchboard room, rooms for head stations (HS), technical centers (TC) for cable television, sound transformer substations (STS), as well as places for telephone distribution cabinets (SHRT) should not be located under rooms with wet processes (bathrooms, bathrooms, etc. .).
The system of regulatory documents in construction
BUILDING REGULATIONS
RUSSIAN FEDERATION
RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS
SNiP 31-01-2003
STATE COMMITTEE OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION
FOR CONSTRUCTION AND HOUSING AND UTILITY COMPLEX
(GOSSTROY OF RUSSIA)
Moscow
2004
FOREWORD
1 DEVELOPED by the Federal State Unitary Enterprise - the Center for the Methodology of Rationing and Standardization in Construction (FSUE CNS), JSC "TsNIIEPzhilischa", MNIITEP, Research Institute of Human Ecology and Environmental Hygiene named after. A.A. Sysin with the participation of a team of specialists from leading research and design organizations
INTRODUCED by the Department of technical regulation, standardization and certification in construction and housing and communal services of the Gosstroy of Russia
2 ADOPTED AND PUT INTO EFFECT on October 1, 2003 by the Decree of the Gosstroy of Russia dated June 23, 2003 No. 109
3 INSTEAD OF SNiP 2.08.01-89*
Introduction. 2 1 area of use. 2 3 terms and definitions. 3 4 general provisions. 3 5 requirements for the premises of apartments. 6 6 bearing capacity and deformability of structures. 7 7 fire safety. eight 7.1 prevention of the spread of fire. eight 7.2 ensuring evacuation. ten 7.3 fire safety requirements for engineering systems and equipment of the building. 12 7.4 ensuring fire fighting and rescue operations. fourteen 8 safety in use. fourteen 9 ensuring sanitary and epidemiological requirements. 16 10 durability and maintainability. twenty 11 energy saving. 21 Appendix b Terms and definitions. 23 Annex to the Rules for determining the area of premises, building area and number of storeys of a building during design. 24 Annex d Minimum number of passenger lifts. 25 |
Sections 4, 6 - 10 of these standards contain requirements that correspond to the goals of technical regulations and are subject to mandatory compliance, taking into account Part 1 of Article 46 of the Federal Law "On Technical Regulation".
Multi-apartment residential buildings started under construction according to design documentation developed and approved before January 1, 2004 may be built and put into operation without adjusting the design documentation in accordance with the requirements of these rules and regulations.
The work was carried out by the team of authors: Federal State Unitary Enterprise CNS (candidates of technical sciences S.N. Nersesov, L.S. exler), FCS Gosstroy of Russia (candidate of arch. L.A. Viktorova; N.N. Polyakov); OJSC "TsNIIEPzhilischa" (Doctor of Engineering Sciences SOUTH. Granik); MNIITEP (candidates architect. S.I. Yakhkind, I.S. Genkina, L.V. Petrova, cand. geogr. Sciences L.I. Konova, engineer . IN AND. Lagower), NIISF RAASN (candidate of technical sciences Yu.A. Sailors); UPPiN Moskomarchitectura (arch. A.P. Zobnin); Research Institute of Human Ecology and Environmental Hygiene. A.A. Sysina (prof., doctor of medical sciences Yu.D. Provincial, cand. honey. Sciences N.V. Kalinina); TK 209 "Elevators, construction hoists and escalators" ( CM. Roitburd); Management of technical regulation of Gosstroy of Russia ( V.A. Glukharev).
SNiP 31-01-2003
BUILDING NORMS AND RULES OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION
BUILDINGRESIDENTIALAPARTMENTS
MULTICOMPARTMENT RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS
Introduction date 2003-10-01
1.1 These rules and regulations apply to the design and construction of newly constructed and reconstructed multi-apartment residential buildings up to 75 m high (hereinafter adopted in accordance with SNiP 21-01 1), apartment-type dormitories, as well as residential premises that are part of the premises buildings for other purposes.
1 The height of the building is determined by the difference in the marks of the passage surface for fire engines and the lower boundary of the opening opening (window) in the outer wall of the upper floor, including the attic. In this case, the upper technical floor is not taken into account.
The rules and regulations do not apply to: block-built residential buildings designed in accordance with the requirements of SNiP 31-02, in which rooms belonging to different apartments are not located one above the other, and only walls between adjacent blocks are common, as well as mobile residential building.
The norms do not regulate the conditions for settling the building and the form of ownership of it, its apartments and individual premises.
Regulatory documents, to which there are references in the text of these standards, are given in Appendix A.
In case of exclusion from the number of current regulatory documents to which there are references in these norms, one should be guided by the norms introduced to replace the excluded ones.
In this document, terms are used, the definitions of which are given in Appendix B, as well as other terms, the definitions of which are accepted according to the normative documents listed in Appendix A.
4.1 The construction of residential buildings must be carried out according to the project in accordance with the requirements of these building codes and regulations and other regulatory documents establishing the rules for design and construction, on the basis of a building permit. The rules for determining the building area and the number of storeys of buildings during the design are given in Appendix B.
4.2 The location of a residential building, the distance from it to other buildings and structures, the size of land plots at the house are established in accordance with the requirements of SNiP 2.07.01. The number of floors and length of buildings are determined by the development project. When determining the number of storeys and length of residential buildings in seismic areas, the requirements of SNiP II-7 and SNiP 2.07.01 should be met.
4.3 When designing and constructing a residential building, conditions must be provided for the life of people with limited mobility, accessibility of the site, building and apartments for disabled people using wheelchairs, if the placement of apartments for families with disabled people in this residential building is established in the design assignment.
Apartment houses for the elderly should be designed no higher than nine floors, for families with disabilities - no more than five. In other types of residential buildings, apartments for families with disabilities should be located on the ground floors.
In residential buildings of the federal and municipal housing stocks, the proportion of apartments for families with disabled people who use wheelchairs is established in the design assignment by local governments. Specific requirements for ensuring the life of the disabled and other people with limited mobility should be provided for, taking into account local conditions and the requirements of SNiP 35-01.
4.4 The project must be accompanied by instructions for the operation of apartments and public premises of the house.
The operating instructions for apartments and premises of the house should contain the data necessary for tenants (owners) of apartments and built-in public premises, as well as operating organizations to ensure safety during operation, including: information about the main structures and engineering systems, layouts of hidden elements and frame nodes, hidden wiring and engineering networks, as well as the limit values of loads on structural elements of the house and on its electrical network. These data can be presented in the form of copies of executive documentation. In addition, the instruction should include rules for the maintenance and maintenance of fire protection systems and an evacuation plan in case of fire.
4.5 In residential buildings, provision should be made for: domestic drinking, fire-fighting and hot water supply, sewerage and drains in accordance with SNiP 2.04.01 and SNiP 2.04.02; heating, ventilation, smoke protection - in accordance with SNiP 41-01.
4.6 Residential buildings should be provided with electric lighting, power electrical equipment, telephone, radio, television antennas and bell alarms, as well as automatic fire alarms, warning and evacuation control systems in case of fire, elevators for transporting fire departments and means of rescuing people in accordance with the requirements of regulatory documents.
4.7 On the roofs of residential buildings, provision should be made for the installation of antennas for the collective reception of transmissions and racks of wired broadcasting networks. Installation of radio relay masts and towers is prohibited.
4.8 Elevators should be provided in residential buildings with the floor level of the upper residential floor exceeding the floor level of the first floor by 11.2 m.
In residential buildings starting construction after 01.01.2010, in IA, IB, IG, I and IVA climatic sub-regions, elevators should be provided in buildings with the floor level of the upper floor exceeding the floor level of the first floor by 9.0 m.
The minimum number of passenger elevators that residential buildings of various heights must be equipped with is given in Appendix D.
It is allowed, when justifying, not to provide for elevators when adding one floor to existing 5-storey residential buildings. In buildings equipped with an elevator, it is allowed not to provide for an elevator stop in the superstructured floor.
In residential buildings in which apartments are provided for families with disabled people using wheelchairs on floors above the first floor, passenger elevators or lifting platforms must be provided in accordance with the requirements of SNiP 35-01, GOST R 51631 and NPB 250.
4.9 The width of the platforms in front of the elevators should allow the use of the elevator to transport the patient on an ambulance stretcher and be at least, m:
1.5 - in front of elevators with a carrying capacity of 630 kg with a cabin width of 2100 mm;
2.1 - in front of elevators with a carrying capacity of 630 kg with a cabin depth of 2100 mm.
With a two-row arrangement of elevators, the width of the elevator hall must be at least, m:
1.8 - when installing elevators with a cabin depth of less than 2100 mm;
2.5 - when installing elevators with a cabin depth of 2100 mm or more.
4.10 In the basement, first and second floors of a residential building (in large and largest cities 1 on the third floor), it is allowed to place built-in and built-in-attached public premises, with the exception of objects that have a harmful effect on humans.
1 Classification of cities - according to SNiP 2.07.01.
It is not allowed to post:
specialized stores of mosquito-chemical and other goods, the operation of which may lead to pollution of the territory and air of residential buildings; stores with the presence of explosive substances and materials in them; shops selling synthetic carpets, auto parts, tires and motor oils;
specialized fish shops; warehouses for any purpose, including wholesale (or small wholesale) trade;
all enterprises, as well as shops with a mode of operation after 23 h 2; consumer service establishments that use flammable substances (except for hairdressers and watch repair shops with a total area of up to 300 m 2); baths and saunas (except for individual saunas in apartments);
2 The time of restriction of operation can be specified by local governments.
catering and leisure establishments with more than 50 seats, a total area of more than 250 m 2 and with musical accompaniment;
laundries and dry cleaners (except for collection points and self-service laundries with a capacity of up to 75 kg per shift); automatic telephone exchanges with a total area of more than 100 m 2 ; public restrooms; funeral homes; built-in and attached transformer substations;
production premises (except for premises of categories B and D for the work of disabled people and older people, including: points for issuing work at home, workshops for assembly and decorative work); dental laboratories, clinical diagnostic and bacteriological laboratories; dispensaries of all types; day hospitals of dispensaries and hospitals of private clinics: trauma centers, ambulance and emergency medical substations; dermatovenerological, psychiatric, infectious and phthisiatric rooms for medical appointments; departments (rooms) of magnetic resonance imaging;
x-ray rooms, as well as rooms with medical or diagnostic equipment and installations that are sources of ionizing radiation, veterinary clinics and offices.
Shops selling synthetic carpet products may be located attached to the blind sections of the walls of residential buildings with a fire resistance limit of REI 150.
4.11 It is not allowed to place premises for storage, processing and use in various installations and devices of flammable and combustible liquids and gases, explosives, combustible materials in the basement and basement floors of residential buildings; rooms for children; cinemas, conference halls and other halls with more than 50 seats, as well as medical institutions. When placing other premises on these floors, one should also take into account the restrictions established in 4.10 of this SNiP and in Appendix 4* of SNiP 2.08.02.
Loading of public premises built into residential buildings should be carried out: from the ends of residential buildings that do not have windows; from underground tunnels; from highways (streets) in the presence of special loading rooms.
It is allowed not to provide for the indicated loading rooms with an area of built-in public rooms up to 150 m 2.
4.13 On the top floor of residential buildings, it is allowed to place workshops for artists and architects, as well as office (office) premises with no more than 5 people working in each, while taking into account the requirements of 7.2.15 of this SNiP.
It is allowed to place office premises in superstructured attic floors in buildings not lower than the II degree of fire resistance and not more than 28 m high.
4.14 In residential floors, it is allowed to place public premises for individual activities (within the area of apartments). As part of apartments with a two-sided orientation, it is allowed to provide additional premises for a family kindergarten for a group of no more than 10 people; reception rooms for one or two doctors (in agreement with the bodies of the sanitary and epidemiological service); massage room for one specialist.
It is allowed to place a family kindergarten in apartments with a two-way orientation, located no higher than the 2nd floor in buildings not lower than the II degree of fire resistance, provided that these apartments are provided with an emergency exit in accordance with 6.20 *, a) or b) SNiP 21-01 and if it is possible to arrange playgrounds in the local area.
4.15 When arranging built-in or built-in-attached parking lots in residential buildings, the requirements of SNiP 21-02 should be observed. Residential floors and floors with premises for preschool institutions and medical institutions should be separated from the parking lot by a technical floor.
4.16 In multi-apartment residential buildings on the first, basement or basement floors, a pantry for cleaning equipment equipped with a sink should be provided.
4.17 The need for a waste chute in residential buildings is determined by local governments, depending on the adopted waste disposal system.
5.1 Apartments in residential buildings should be designed based on the conditions for settling them by one family.
5.2 In buildings of state and municipal housing stock, the minimum size of apartments in terms of the number of rooms and their area (excluding the area of balconies, terraces, verandas, loggias, cold storage rooms and apartment vestibules) is recommended to be taken according to Table 5.1. The number of rooms and the area of apartments for specific regions and cities is specified by the local administration, taking into account demographic requirements, the achieved level of housing provision for the population and the resource supply of housing construction.
In residential buildings of other forms of ownership, the composition of the premises and the area of apartments are established by the customer-developer in the design assignment.
5.3 In apartments provided to citizens, taking into account the social norm of housing area 1 in the buildings of state and municipal housing funds, living quarters (rooms) and utility rooms should be provided: a kitchen (or a kitchen niche), an entrance hall, a bathroom (or a shower room) and a toilet (or combined bathroom), pantry (or household built-in closet).
1 The social norm of housing area - the size of the housing area per person, is determined in accordance with Art. 1 and Art. 11 of the Law of the Russian Federation "On the Fundamentals of the Federal Housing Policy".
5.4 A ventilated drying cabinet for outerwear and footwear is provided for during the construction of a residential building in IA, IB, IG and IIA climatic subregions.
Table 5.1
Loggias and balconies should be provided: in apartments of houses built in III and IV climatic regions, in apartments for families with disabled people, in other types of apartments and other climatic regions - taking into account fire safety requirements and adverse conditions.
Unfavorable conditions for designing balconies and unglazed loggias:
In I and II climatic regions - a combination of average monthly air temperature and average monthly wind speed in July: 12 - 16 ° C and more than 5 m / s; 8 - 12 °С and 4 - 5 m/s; 4 - 8 °С and 4 m/s; below 4 °С at any wind speed;
Noise from highways or industrial areas 75 dB or more at a distance of 2 m from the facade of a residential building (except for noise-protected residential buildings);
Dust concentration in the air is 1.5 mg/m 3 or more for 15 days or more during three summer months.
5.5 Placement of residential premises in the basement and basement floors of residential buildings is not allowed.
5.6 The dimensions of the residential and utility rooms of the apartment are determined depending on the required set of furniture and equipment, placed taking into account the requirements of ergonomics.
5.7 The area of the premises in the apartments specified in 5.3 must be at least: living quarters (rooms) in a one-room apartment - 14 m 2, common living quarters in apartments with two or more rooms - 16 m 2, bedrooms - 8 m 2 (10 m 2 - for two people); kitchens - 8 m 2; kitchen area in the kitchen - dining room - 6 m 2. In one-room apartments, it is allowed to design kitchens or kitchen niches with an area of at least 5 m 2.
The area of the bedroom and kitchen in the attic floor (or floor with inclined enclosing structures) is allowed at least 7 m 2, provided that the common living space has an area of at least 16 m 2.
5.8 The height (from floor to ceiling) of living quarters and the kitchen (kitchen-dining room) in climatic regions IA, IB, IG, ID and IVA must be at least 2.7 m, and in other climatic regions - at least 2.5 m.
The height of intra-apartment corridors, halls, front, mezzanines (and under them) is determined by the conditions for the safety of people's movement and should be at least 2.1 m.
In residential premises and kitchens of apartments located in the attic floor (or upper floors with inclined enclosing structures), a lower ceiling height is allowed relative to the normalized area, not exceeding 50%.
5.9 Common living quarters in 2-, 3- and 4-room apartments of the housing stock buildings specified in 5.3, and bedrooms in all apartments should be designed impassable.
5.10 The premises of the apartments specified in 5.3 must be equipped with: a kitchen - a sink or sink, as well as a stove for cooking; bathroom - bathtub (or shower) and washbasin; restroom - a toilet bowl with a flush tank; combined bathroom - bath (or shower), washbasin and toilet. In other apartments, the composition of the equipment of the premises is established by the customer-developer.
The device of a combined bathroom is allowed in one-room apartments of houses of state and municipal housing funds, in other apartments - according to the design assignment.
6 BEARING CAPACITY AND DEFORMABILITY OF STRUCTURESActive Edition from 23.06.2003
| Document name | "RESIDENTIAL APARTMENT BUILDINGS. BUILDING NORMS AND RULES OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION. SNiP 31-01-2003" (approved by the Decree of the Gosstroy of the Russian Federation of 06.23.2003 N 109) |
| Type of document | decree, norms, rules |
| Host body | gosstroy rf |
| Document Number | SNIP 31-01-2003 |
| Acceptance date | 01.01.1970 |
| Revision date | 23.06.2003 |
| Date of registration in the Ministry of Justice | 01.01.1970 |
| Status | valid |
| Publication |
|
| Navigator | Notes |
"RESIDENTIAL APARTMENT BUILDINGS. BUILDING NORMS AND RULES OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION. SNiP 31-01-2003" (approved by the Decree of the Gosstroy of the Russian Federation of 06.23.2003 N 109)
IntroductionSections 4, 6 - 10 of these standards contain requirements that meet the objectives of technical regulations and are subject to mandatory compliance, taking into account Part 1 of Article 46 of the Federal Law "On Technical Regulation".
Multi-apartment residential buildings started under construction according to design documentation developed and approved before January 1, 2004 may be built and put into operation without adjusting the design documentation in accordance with the requirements of these rules and regulations.
The work was carried out by the team of authors: Federal State Unitary Enterprise CNS (Ph.D. S.N. Nersesov, L.S. Eksler), FCS Gosstroy of Russia (Cand. Architect. L.A. Viktorova; N.N. Polyakov); OJSC "TsNIIEPzhilischa" (Doctor of Engineering Sciences Yu.G. Granik); MNIITEP (candidates architect S.I. Yakhkind, I.S. Genkina, L.V. Petrova, candidate of geographic sciences L.I. Konova, engineer V.I. Lagover), NIISF RAASN (candidate of tech. Yu.A. Matrosov); UPPiN Moscow Architecture Committee (architect A.P. Zobnin); Research Institute of Human Ecology and Environmental Hygiene. A.A. Sysina (Prof., Doctor of Medical Sciences Yu.D. Gubernsky, Candidate of Medical Sciences N.V. Kalinina); TC 209 "Elevators, construction hoists and escalators" (S.M. Roitburd); Management of technical regulation of the Gosstroy of Russia (V.A. Glukharev).
4.4 The project must be accompanied by instructions for the operation of apartments and public premises of the house.
The operating instructions for apartments and premises of the house should contain the data necessary for tenants (owners) of apartments and built-in public premises, as well as operating organizations to ensure safety during operation, including: information about the main structures and engineering systems, layouts of hidden elements and frame nodes, hidden wiring and engineering networks, as well as the limit values of loads on structural elements of the house and on its electrical network. These data can be presented in the form of copies of executive documentation. In addition, the instruction should include rules for the maintenance and maintenance of fire protection systems and an evacuation plan in case of fire.
4.5 In residential buildings, provision should be made for: domestic drinking, fire-fighting and hot water supply, sewerage and drains in accordance with SNiP 2.04.01 and SNiP 2.04.02; heating, ventilation, smoke protection - in accordance with SNiP 41-01.
4.6 In residential buildings, it is necessary to provide for electric lighting, power electrical equipment, telephone installation, radio communication, television antennas and bell alarms, as well as automatic fire alarms, warning and evacuation control systems in case of fire, elevators for transporting fire departments and means of rescuing people in accordance with the requirements of regulatory documents .
4.7 On the roofs of residential buildings, provision should be made for the installation of antennas for the collective reception of transmissions and racks of wired broadcasting networks. Installation of radio relay masts and towers is prohibited.
4.8 Elevators should be provided in residential buildings with the floor level of the upper residential floor exceeding the floor level of the first floor by 11.2 m.
In residential buildings starting construction after 01/01/2010, in IA, IB, IG, ID and IVA climatic sub-regions, elevators should be provided in buildings with the floor elevation of the upper floor exceeding the floor elevation of the first floor by 9.0 m.
The minimum number of passenger elevators that residential buildings of various heights must be equipped with is given in Appendix D.
It is allowed, when justifying, not to provide for elevators when adding one floor to existing 5-storey residential buildings. In buildings equipped with an elevator, it is allowed not to provide for an elevator stop in the superstructured floor.
In residential buildings in which apartments are provided for families with disabled people using wheelchairs on floors above the first one, passenger elevators or lifting platforms must be provided in accordance with the requirements of SNiP 35-01, GOST R 51631 and NPB 250.
4.9 The width of the platforms in front of the elevators should allow the use of an elevator for transporting a patient on an ambulance stretcher and be at least, m:
1.5 - in front of elevators with a carrying capacity of 630 kg with a cabin width of 2100 mm;
2.1 - in front of elevators with a carrying capacity of 630 kg with a cabin depth of 2100 mm.
With a two-row arrangement of elevators, the width of the elevator hall must be at least, m:
1.8 - when installing elevators with a cabin depth of less than 2100 mm;
2.5 - when installing elevators with a cabin depth of 2100 mm or more.
4.10 In the basement, first and second floors of a residential building (in large and major cities<1>on the third floor) it is allowed to place built-in and built-in-attached public premises, with the exception of objects that have a harmful effect on humans.
<1>Classification of cities - according to SNiP 2.07.01.
It is not allowed to post:
specialized stores of mosquito-chemical and other goods, the operation of which may lead to pollution of the territory and air of residential buildings; stores with the presence of explosive substances and materials in them; shops selling synthetic carpets, auto parts, tires and motor oils;
specialized fish shops; warehouses for any purpose, including wholesale (or small wholesale) trade;
all enterprises, as well as shops with a mode of operation after 23:00<2>; consumer service establishments that use flammable substances (except for hairdressers and watch repair shops with a total area of up to 300 m2); baths and saunas (except for individual saunas in apartments);
<2>The time of restriction of functioning can be specified by local governments.
catering and leisure establishments with more than 50 seats, a total area of more than 250 m2 and with musical accompaniment;
laundries and dry cleaners (except for collection points and self-service laundries with a capacity of up to 75 kg per shift); automatic telephone exchanges with a total area of more than 100 m2; public restrooms; funeral homes; built-in and attached transformer substations;
Production premises (except for premises of categories B and D for the work of disabled people and older people, including: points for issuing work at home, workshops for assembly and decorative work); dental laboratories, clinical diagnostic and bacteriological laboratories; dispensaries of all types; day hospitals of dispensaries and hospitals of private clinics: trauma centers, ambulance and emergency medical substations; dermatovenerological, psychiatric, infectious and phthisiatric rooms for medical appointments; departments (rooms) of magnetic resonance imaging;
X-ray rooms, as well as rooms with medical or diagnostic equipment and installations that are sources of ionizing radiation, veterinary clinics and offices.
Shops selling synthetic carpet products may be located attached to the blind sections of the walls of residential buildings with a fire resistance limit of REI 150.
4.11 In the basement and basement floors of residential buildings it is not allowed to place premises for storage, processing and use in various installations and devices of flammable and combustible liquids and gases, explosives, combustible materials; rooms for children; cinemas, conference halls and other halls with more than 50 seats, as well as medical institutions. When placing other premises on these floors, one should also take into account the restrictions established in 4.10 of this SNiP and in Appendix 4* of SNiP 2.08.02.
: Due to the loss of force SNiP 2.08.02-89 SNiP 31-06-2009
Loading of public premises built into residential buildings should be carried out: from the ends of residential buildings that do not have windows; from underground tunnels; from highways (streets) in the presence of special loading rooms.
It is allowed not to provide for the indicated loading rooms with an area of built-in public rooms up to 150 m2.
4.13 On the top floor of residential buildings, it is allowed to place workshops for artists and architects, as well as office (office) premises with no more than 5 people working in each, while taking into account the requirements of 7.2.15 of this SNiP.
It is allowed to place office premises in superstructured attic floors in buildings not lower than the II degree of fire resistance and not more than 28 m high.
4.14 It is allowed to place public premises for individual activities on residential floors (within the area of apartments). As part of apartments with a two-sided orientation, it is allowed to provide additional premises for a family kindergarten for a group of no more than 10 people; reception rooms for one or two doctors (in agreement with the bodies of the sanitary and epidemiological service); massage room for one specialist.
It is allowed to place a family kindergarten in apartments with a two-way orientation, located no higher than the 2nd floor in buildings not lower than the II degree of fire resistance, provided that these apartments are provided with an emergency exit in accordance with 6.20 *, a) or b) SNiP 21-01 and if there is a possibility of arranging playrooms sites in the local area.
4.15 When arranging built-in or built-in-attached parking lots in residential buildings, the requirements of SNiP 21-02 should be observed. Residential floors and floors with premises for preschool institutions and medical institutions should be separated from the parking lot by a technical floor.
4.16 In multi-apartment residential buildings on the first, basement or basement floors, a pantry for cleaning equipment equipped with a sink should be provided.
4.17 The need for a garbage chute in residential buildings is determined by local governments, depending on the adopted waste disposal system.
5. REQUIREMENTS FOR THE PREMISES OF APARTMENTS5.1 Apartments in residential buildings should be designed based on the conditions for their settlement by one family.
5.2 In buildings of state and municipal housing stocks, the minimum size of apartments in terms of the number of rooms and their area (excluding the area of balconies, terraces, verandas, loggias, cold storage rooms and apartment vestibules) is recommended to be taken according to table 5.1. The number of rooms and the area of apartments for specific regions and cities is specified by the local administration, taking into account demographic requirements, the achieved level of housing provision for the population and the resource supply of housing construction.
In residential buildings of other forms of ownership, the composition of the premises and the area of apartments are established by the customer-developer in the design assignment.
5.3 In apartments provided to citizens, taking into account the social norm of housing area1 in the buildings of state and municipal housing funds, living quarters (rooms) and utility rooms should be provided: a kitchen (or a kitchen niche), an entrance hall, a bathroom (or a shower room) and a toilet (or combined bathroom), pantry (or household built-in closet).
1 The social norm of housing area - the size of the housing area per person, is determined in accordance with Art. 1 and Art. 11 of the Law of the Russian Federation "On the Fundamentals of the Federal Housing Policy".
5.4 A ventilated drying cabinet for outerwear and footwear is provided for during the construction of a residential building in IA, IB, IG and IIA climatic subregions.
Table 5.1
Loggias and balconies should be provided: in apartments of houses built in III and IV climatic regions, in apartments for families with disabled people, in other types of apartments and other climatic regions - taking into account fire safety requirements and adverse conditions.
Unfavorable conditions for designing balconies and unglazed loggias:
In I and II climatic regions - a combination of average monthly air temperature and average monthly wind speed in July: 12 - 16 ° C and more than 5 m / s; 8 - 12 °С and 4 - 5 m/s; 4 - 8 °С and 4 m/s; below 4 °С at any wind speed;
Noise from highways or industrial areas 75 dB or more at a distance of 2 m from the facade of a residential building (except for noise-protected residential buildings);
Dust concentration in the air is 1.5 mg/m3 or more for 15 days or more during three summer months.
5.5 Placement of residential premises in the basement and basement floors of residential buildings is not allowed.
5.6 The dimensions of the residential and utility rooms of the apartment are determined depending on the required set of furniture and equipment, placed taking into account the requirements of ergonomics.
5.7 The area of the premises in the apartments specified in 5.3 must be at least: living quarters (rooms) in a one-room apartment - 14 m2, common living quarters in apartments with two or more rooms - 16 m2, bedrooms - 8 m2 (10 m2 - for two people); kitchens - 8 m2; kitchen area in the kitchen - dining room - 6 m2. In one-room apartments, it is allowed to design kitchens or kitchen niches with an area of at least 5 m2.
The area of the bedroom and kitchen in the attic floor (or floor with inclined enclosing structures) is allowed at least 7 m2, provided that the common living space has an area of at least 16 m2.
5.8 The height (from floor to ceiling) of living quarters and the kitchen (kitchen-dining room) in climatic regions IA, IB, IG, ID and IVA must be at least 2.7 m, and in other climatic regions - at least 2.5 m .
The height of intra-apartment corridors, halls, front, mezzanines (and under them) is determined by the conditions for the safety of people's movement and should be at least 2.1 m.
In residential premises and kitchens of apartments located in the attic floor (or upper floors with inclined enclosing structures), a lower ceiling height is allowed relative to the normalized area, not exceeding 50%.
5.9 Common living quarters in 2-, 3- and 4-room apartments of the housing stock buildings specified in 5.3, and bedrooms in all apartments should be designed impassable.
5.10 The premises of the apartments specified in 5.3 must be equipped with: kitchen - sink or sink, as well as a stove for cooking; bathroom - bathtub (or shower) and washbasin; restroom - a toilet bowl with a flush tank; combined bathroom - bath (or shower), washbasin and toilet. In other apartments, the composition of the equipment of the premises is established by the customer-developer.
The device of a combined bathroom is allowed in one-room apartments of houses of state and municipal housing funds, in other apartments - according to the design assignment.
6. BEARING CAPACITY AND DEFORMABILITY OF STRUCTURES6.1 The foundations and load-bearing structures of the building must be designed and erected in such a way that during its construction and under the design operating conditions, the possibility of:
destruction or damage to structures, leading to the need to stop the operation of the building;
Unacceptable deterioration in the performance properties of structures or the building as a whole due to deformation or cracking.
6.2 The structures and foundations of the building must be designed to withstand constant loads from the own weight of the supporting and enclosing structures; temporary uniformly distributed and concentrated loads on floors; snow and wind loads for a given construction area. The normative values of the listed loads, taking into account unfavorable combinations of loads or the corresponding forces, limit values for deflections and displacements of structures, as well as the values of the safety factors for loads must be taken in accordance with the requirements of SNiP 2.01.07.
The additional requirements of the customer-developer specified in the design assignment must also be taken into account, for example, for the placement of fireplaces, heavy equipment for public premises built into a residential building; to fastening heavy elements of interior equipment to walls and ceilings.
6.3 The methods used in the design of structures for calculating their bearing capacity and deformability must meet the requirements of the current regulatory documents for structures made of appropriate materials.
When placing buildings on an undermined territory, on subsiding soils, in seismic regions, as well as in other complex geological conditions, additional requirements of the relevant norms and rules should be taken into account.
6.4 The foundations of the building must be designed taking into account the physical and mechanical characteristics of the soils provided for in SNiP 2.02.01, SNiP 2.02.03 (for permafrost soils - in SNiP 2.02.04), the characteristics of the hydrogeological regime at the construction site, as well as the degree of soil aggressiveness and groundwater in relation to foundations and underground engineering networks and must ensure the necessary uniformity of the settlement of the foundations under the building elements.
6.5 When calculating a building with a height of more than 40 m for a wind load, in addition to the conditions of strength and stability of the building and its individual structural elements, restrictions must be provided on the oscillation parameters of the ceilings of the upper floors, due to the requirements for living comfort.
6.6 In case of occurrence during the reconstruction of additional loads and impacts on the remaining part of the residential building, its load-bearing and enclosing structures, as well as the foundation soils, must be checked for these loads and impacts in accordance with applicable standards, regardless of the physical wear of the structures.
In this case, one should take into account the actual bearing capacity of the foundation soils as a result of their change during the operation period, as well as the increase in the strength of concrete in concrete and reinforced concrete structures over time.
6.7 When reconstructing a residential building, one should take into account changes in its structural scheme that occurred during the operation of this building (including the appearance of new openings that are additional to the original design solution, as well as the impact of the repair of structures or their strengthening).
6.8 When reconstructing residential buildings with a change in the location of sanitary facilities, appropriate additional measures should be taken for hydro-, noise- and vibration isolation, as well as, if necessary, reinforcement of floors on which the equipment of these sanitary facilities is to be installed.
7. FIRE SAFETY7.1.1 Fire safety of buildings should be ensured in accordance with the requirements of SNiP 21-01 for buildings of functional fire hazard F1.3 and the rules established in this document for specially stipulated cases, and during operation in accordance with PPB 01.
7.1.2 The permissible height of the building and the area of the floor within the fire compartment are determined depending on the degree of fire resistance and the class of constructive fire hazard according to Table 7.1.
Table 7.1
| The degree of fire resistance of the building | Building constructive fire hazard class | The highest allowable height of the building, m | The largest allowable floor area of the fire compartment, m2 |
| I | C0 | 75 | 2500 |
| II | C0 | 50 | 2500 |
| C1 | 28 | 2200 | |
| III | c0 | 28 | 1800 |
| C1 | 15 | 1800 | |
| IV | c0 | 5 | 1000 |
| 3 | 1400 | ||
| C1 | 5 | 800 | |
| 3 | 1200 | ||
| C2 | 5 | 500 | |
| 3 | 900 | ||
| V | Not standardized | 5 | 500 |
| 3 | 800 |
Note - The degree of fire resistance of a building with unheated extensions should be taken according to the degree of fire resistance of the heated part of the building.
7.1.3 Buildings of I, II and III degrees of fire resistance are allowed to be built on one attic floor with load-bearing elements having a fire resistance rating of at least R 45 and fire hazard class K0, regardless of the height of the buildings specified in Table 7.1, but located no higher than 75 m. The enclosing structures of this floor must meet the requirements for the structures of the building being built on.
When using wooden structures, structural fire protection should be provided to ensure these requirements.
7.1.4 The fire resistance limit on the basis of R for gallery structures in gallery houses of I, II and III degrees of fire resistance must correspond to the values \u200b\u200baccepted for floors of buildings and have a fire hazard class K0. The structures of galleries in buildings of the IV degree of fire resistance must have a fire resistance rating of at least R 15 and a fire hazard class of K0.
7.1.5 In buildings of I, II and III degrees of fire resistance, only structural fire protection should be used to ensure the required fire resistance of the building's load-bearing elements.
7.1.6 Bearing elements of two-story buildings of the IV degree of fire resistance must have a fire resistance of at least R 30.
7.1.7 In buildings of I, II and III degrees of fire resistance, intersection walls and partitions, as well as walls and partitions separating non-apartment corridors from other premises, must have a fire resistance of at least EI 45, in buildings of IV fire resistance - at least EI 15.
In buildings of I, II and III degrees of fire resistance, inter-apartment non-bearing walls and partitions must have a fire resistance rating of at least EI 30 and fire hazard class K0, in buildings of IV fire resistance - a fire resistance rating of at least EI 15 and a fire hazard class of at least K1.
7.1.8 The fire hazard class and fire resistance limit of interior, including cabinet, collapsible, with doorways and sliding partitions are not standardized.
7.1.9 Partitions between storerooms in the basement and basement floors of buildings of II degree of fire resistance up to five floors inclusive, as well as in buildings of III and IV degrees of fire resistance, it is allowed to design with a non-standardized fire resistance limit and fire hazard class. Partitions separating the technical corridor of the basement and basement floors from the rest of the premises must be fireproof of the 1st type.
7.1.10 Technical, basement, ground floors and attics should be divided by fire partitions of the 1st type into compartments with an area of not more than 500 m2 in non-sectional residential buildings, and in sectional ones - by sections.
In technical floors and attics, in the absence of combustible materials and structures in them, the fire resistance limit of doors in fireproof partitions is not standardized. They can be made from materials of combustibility groups G1 and G2 or in accordance with 7.20 of SNiP 21-01.
7.1.11 Fences of loggias and balconies in buildings with a height of three floors or more must be made of non-combustible materials.
From non-combustible materials, it is also necessary to carry out external sun protection in buildings of I, II and III degrees of fire resistance with a height of 5 floors or more.
7.1.12 Public premises should be separated from the premises of the residential part by fire partitions of the 1st type and floors of the 3rd type without openings, in buildings of the I degree of fire resistance - by floors of the 2nd type.
7.1.13 The waste collection chamber must have an independent entrance, isolated from the entrance to the building by a blank wall, and be distinguished by fire partitions and ceilings with fire resistance limits of at least REI 60 and fire hazard class K0.
7.1.14 Roofing, rafters and attic sheathing may be made of combustible materials. In buildings with attics (with the exception of buildings of the V degree of fire resistance), when installing rafters and lathing from combustible materials, it is not allowed to use roofs made of combustible materials, and the rafters and lathing should be subjected to fire retardant treatment. With constructive protection of these structures, they should not contribute to the latent spread of combustion.
7.1.15 The load-bearing structures of the coating of the built-in-attached part must have a fire resistance rating of at least R 45 and a fire hazard class of K0. If there are windows in a residential building oriented to the built-in-attached part of the building, the level of the roof at the junction should not exceed the floor mark above the living quarters of the main part of the building. The insulation in the coating must be non-combustible.
7.1.16 When installing solid fuel storerooms in the basement or first floor, they should be separated from other rooms by solid fire partitions of the 1st type and floors of the 3rd type. The exit from these pantries should be directly outside.
8. SAFETY IN USE8.1 A residential building must be designed, erected and equipped in such a way as to prevent the risk of injury to residents when moving inside and around the house, when entering and leaving the house, as well as when using its elements and engineering equipment.
8.2 The slope and width of flights of stairs and ramps, the height of the steps, the width of the treads, the width of the landings, the height of the passages on the stairs, the basement, the attic in use, as well as the dimensions of the doorways, should ensure the convenience and safety of movement and the possibility of moving items of equipment of the corresponding premises of the apartments and built-in in a public building.
The minimum width and maximum slope of flights of stairs should be taken according to table 8.1.
Table 8.1
| March name | Minimum width, m | Max slope |
| Flights of stairs leading to the residential floors of buildings: | ||
| sectional: | ||
| two-storey | 1,05 | 1:1,5 |
| three stories or more | 1,05 | 1:1,75 |
| corridor | 1,2 | 1:1,75 |
| Flights of stairs leading to the basement and basement floors, as well as internal staircases | 0,9 | 1:1,25 |
Note - The width of the march should be determined by the distance between the fences or between the wall and the fence.
The height of differences in the floor level of different rooms and spaces in the building must be safe. Where necessary, handrails and ramps should be provided. The number of rises in one flight of stairs or at a level difference should be at least 3 and not more than 18. The use of stairs with different heights and depths of steps is not allowed. In two-level apartments, internal staircases are allowed with spiral or winder steps, while the width of the tread in the middle must be at least 18 cm.
8.3 The height of the railings of stairs, balconies, loggias, terraces, roofs and in places of dangerous drops must be at least 1.2 m. Flights of stairs and landings must have railings with handrails.
Fencing must be continuous, equipped with handrails and designed to absorb horizontal loads of at least 0.3 kN/m.
8.4 Structural solutions of the elements of the house (including the location of voids, methods of sealing the places where pipelines pass through structures, arrangement of ventilation openings, placement of thermal insulation, etc.) must provide protection against the penetration of rodents.
8.5 The engineering systems of the building must be designed and installed taking into account the safety requirements contained in the regulatory documents of the state supervision bodies and the instructions of the equipment manufacturers.
8.6 Engineering equipment and instruments in case of possible seismic effects must be securely fixed.
8.7 It is allowed to design a fireplace in an apartment on the top floor of a residential building, on any level of a multi-level apartment located last in height in the house.
8.8 In a residential building and in the local area, measures should be provided aimed at reducing the risks of criminal manifestations and their consequences, contributing to the protection of people living in a residential building and minimizing possible damage in the event of illegal actions. These activities are set in the design assignment in accordance with the regulatory legal acts of local governments and may include the use of explosion-proof structures, the installation of intercoms, combination locks, intruder alarm systems, protective structures of window openings in the first, basement and upper floors, in basement pits, and as well as entrance doors leading to the basement, to the attic and, if necessary, to other rooms.
General security systems (television control, burglar alarms, etc.) must protect fire fighting equipment from unauthorized access and vandalism.
Measures aimed at reducing the risks of criminal manifestations should be supplemented at the operational stage.
8.9 In separate residential buildings, determined according to the layout of civil defense structures, dual-use premises should be designed in accordance with the instructions of SNiP II-11.
8.10 Lightning protection is designed in accordance with the requirements of RD 34.21.122.
8.11 On the operated roofs of residential buildings (except for residential buildings with public premises on the upper floors), roofs of built-in and attached public premises, as well as at the entrance area, on summer non-residential premises, in connecting elements between residential buildings, including open non-residential floors (ground and intermediate) used for the construction of sports grounds for recreation of adult residents of the house, areas for drying clothes and cleaning clothes or a solarium, the necessary security measures should be provided (device of fences and measures to protect ventilation outlets).
8.12 When designing saunas in apartments, the following should be considered:
The volume of the steam room - no more than 24 m3;
A special factory-made oven for heating with automatic shutdown when the temperature reaches 130 °C, as well as after 8 hours of continuous operation;
Placing this stove at a distance of at least 0.2 m from the walls of the steam room;
Arrangement of a fireproof heat-insulating shield above the furnace;
Equipment of the ventilation duct with a fire damper in accordance with SNiP 41-01.
8.13 Electrical control rooms, rooms for headend stations (HS), technical centers (TC) for cable television, sound transformer substations (ZTP), as well as places for telephone distribution cabinets (SHRT) should not be located under rooms with wet processes (bathrooms, lavatories, etc. .).
8.14 Premises of HS, shopping center, ZTP should have entrances directly from the street; the electrical panel room (including for communication equipment, automated control systems, dispatching and television) must have an entrance directly from the street or from a floor-by-floor non-apartment corridor (hall); the approach to the installation site of the SHRT should also be from the indicated corridor.
9. ENSURE SANITARY AND EPIDEMIOLOGICAL REQUIREMENTS9.1 When designing and constructing residential buildings in accordance with these rules and regulations, measures must be taken to ensure the fulfillment of sanitary-epidemiological and environmental requirements for the protection of human health and the environment (SanPiN 2.1.2.1002, etc.).
: In connection with the loss of force SanPiN 2.1.2.1002-00, one should be guided by the SanPiN 2.1.2.2645-10 adopted instead.
9.2 The design parameters of air in the premises of a residential building should be taken according to the optimal standards of GOST 30494. The air exchange rate in the premises should be taken in accordance with Table 9.1.
Table 9.1
| room | Air exchange rate or value, m3 per hour, not less than | |
| in idle mode | in maintenance mode | |
| Bedroom, shared, children's room | 0,2 | 1,0 |
| Library, office | 0,2 | 0,5 |
| Pantry, linen, dressing room | 0,2 | 0,2 |
| Gym, billiard room | 0,2 | 80 m3 |
| Laundry, ironing, drying | 0,5 | 90 m3 |
| Kitchen with electric stove | 0,5 | 60 m3 |
| Room with gas-using equipment | 1,0 | 1.0 + 100 m3 per slab |
| Room with heat generators and solid fuel stoves | 0,5 | 1.0 + 100 m3 per slab |
| Bathroom, shower room, toilet, combined bathroom | 0,5 | 25 m3 |
| Sauna | 0,5 | 10 m3 per person |
| Elevator engine room | - | By calculation |
| Parking | 1,0 | By calculation |
| Garbage chamber | 1,0 | 1,0 |
The air exchange rate in all ventilated rooms not listed in the table in non-operating mode should be at least 0.2 room volume per hour.
9.3 In the course of thermotechnical calculation of the enclosing structures of residential buildings, the internal air temperature of the heated premises should be taken as at least 20 °C.
9.4 The heating and ventilation system of the building must be designed to ensure that the indoor air temperature during the heating season is within the optimal parameters established by GOST 30494, with the design parameters of the outdoor air for the respective construction areas.
When installing an air conditioning system, optimal parameters must also be ensured in the warm season.
In buildings erected in areas with an estimated outdoor temperature of minus 40 ° C and below, heating of the surface of the floors of residential premises and kitchens, as well as public premises with permanent residence of people located above cold undergrounds, should be provided, or thermal protection should be provided in accordance with requirements of SNiP 23-02.
9.5 The ventilation system must maintain the purity (quality) of air in the premises and the uniformity of its distribution.
Ventilation can be:
With natural inflow and removal of air;
With mechanical stimulation of the inflow and removal of air, including combined with air heating;
Combined with natural air supply and exhaust with partial use of mechanical stimulation.
9.6 In living quarters and kitchens, air supply is provided through adjustable window sashes, transoms, vents, valves or other devices, including self-contained wall air dampers with adjustable opening. If necessary, apartments designed for III and IV climatic regions must be additionally provided with through or corner ventilation.
9.7 Removal of air should be provided from kitchens, latrines, bathrooms and, if necessary, from other premises of apartments, while installation of adjustable ventilation grilles and valves on exhaust ducts and air ducts should be provided.
Air from rooms that may emit harmful substances or unpleasant odors must be removed directly to the outside and not enter other rooms of the building, including through ventilation ducts.
Combining ventilation ducts from kitchens, latrines, bathrooms (showers), combined bathrooms, pantries for products with ventilation ducts from rooms with gas-using equipment and parking lots is not allowed.
9.8 Ventilation of built-in public premises, except for those specified in 4.14, must be autonomous.
9.9 In buildings with a warm attic, the removal of air from the attic should be provided through one exhaust shaft for each section of the house with a shaft height of at least 4.5 m from the ceiling above the last floor.
9.10 In the outer walls of basements, technical undergrounds and a cold attic that do not have exhaust ventilation, ventilation should be provided with a total area of at least 1/400 of the floor area of the technical underground or basement, evenly spaced along the perimeter of the outer walls. The area of one vent must be at least 0.05 m2.
9.11 The duration of insolation of apartments (premises) of a residential building should be taken in accordance with the requirements of SanPiN 2.2.1 / 2.1.1.1076.
The normalized duration of insolation should be provided: in one-, two- and three-room apartments- at least one living room; in four-room apartments and more - in at least two living rooms.
9.12 Natural lighting should have living rooms and kitchens, public premises built into residential buildings, except for premises whose placement is allowed in the basement floors in accordance with SNiP 2.08.02.
9.13 The ratio of the area of light openings to the floor area of living quarters and kitchens should be taken no more than 1:5.5 and no less than 1:8; for upper floors with light openings in the plane of inclined enclosing structures - at least 1:10, taking into account the lighting characteristics of windows and shading by opposing buildings.
9.14 Natural lighting is not standardized for rooms located under the mezzanine in two-light rooms; laundry, pantries, dressing rooms, bathrooms, latrines, combined sanitary facilities; front and intra-apartment corridors and halls; apartment vestibules, floor-by-story non-apartment corridors, lobbies and halls.
9.15 Normalized indicators of natural and artificial lighting of various premises should be set in accordance with SNiP 23-05. Illumination at the entrances to the building should be at least 6 lux for horizontal surfaces and at least 10 lux for vertical (up to 2 m) surfaces.
9.16 When illuminated through light openings in the outer walls of common corridors, their length should not exceed: if there is a light opening at one end - 24 m, at two ends - 48 m. If the corridors are longer, it is necessary to provide additional natural lighting through light pockets. The distance between two light pockets should be no more than 24 m, and between the light pocket and the light opening at the end of the corridor - no more than 30 m. The width of the light pocket, which can serve as a staircase, must be at least 1.5 m. the pocket is allowed to illuminate corridors up to 12 m long, located on both sides of it.
9.17 In buildings designed for construction in climatic region III, light openings in living rooms and kitchens, and in climatic subregion IVa also in loggias, must be equipped with external adjustable sun protection within the 200 - 290 ° sector. In two-story buildings, sun protection can be provided with landscaping.
9.18 External building envelopes must have thermal insulation, insulation from the penetration of outside cold air and vapor barrier from the diffusion of water vapor from the premises, providing:
The required temperature and the absence of moisture condensation on the internal surfaces of structures inside the premises;
Prevention of accumulation of excess moisture in structures.
The temperature difference between the internal air and the surface of the structures of the external walls at the design temperature of the internal air must comply with the requirements of SNiP 23-02.
9.19 In I - III climatic regions, at all external entrances to residential buildings, vestibules with a depth of at least 1.5 m should be provided.
Double vestibules at the entrances to residential buildings should be designed depending on the number of storeys of the buildings and the area of their construction in accordance with Table 9.2.
Table 9.2
Notes
1 At a direct entrance to the apartment, a double vestibule should be designed with an unheated staircase.
2 A veranda can be used as a vestibule.
9.20 The premises of the building must be protected from the penetration of rain, melt and ground water and possible household water leaks from engineering systems by structural means and technical devices.
9.21 Roofs should be designed, as a rule, with an organized drain. It is allowed to provide for an unorganized drain from the roofs of 2-storey buildings, provided that canopies are installed above the entrances and blind areas.
9.22 It is not allowed to place a toilet and a bath (or a shower) directly above the living rooms and kitchens. Placing a toilet and a bathroom (or shower) on the upper level above the kitchen is allowed in apartments located on two levels.
9.23 When new materials and products are used in construction, the latter must have a hygienic certificate issued by bodies and institutions of the state sanitary and epidemiological service.
9.24 During the construction of buildings in areas where, according to engineering and environmental surveys, there are emissions of soil gases (radon, methane, etc.), measures must be taken to isolate floors and basement walls in contact with the ground in order to prevent the penetration of soil gas from the soil into the building , and other measures to reduce its concentration in accordance with the requirements of the relevant sanitary standards.
9.25 Sound insulation of external and internal enclosing structures of residential premises should ensure the reduction of sound pressure from external sources of noise, as well as from shock and noise from equipment of engineering systems, air ducts and pipelines to a level not exceeding that allowed by SNiP 23-03.
Inter-apartment walls and partitions must have an airborne sound insulation index of at least 50 dB.
9.26 Noise levels from engineering equipment and other in-house noise sources should not exceed the established permissible levels and by no more than 2 dBA exceed the background values determined when the in-house noise source is not working, both during the day and at night.
9.27 To ensure an acceptable noise level, it is not allowed to fix sanitary appliances and pipelines directly to inter-apartment walls and partitions enclosing living rooms; , below them, and also adjacent to them.
9.28 The supply of drinking water to the house should be provided from the centralized water supply network of the settlement. In areas without centralized engineering networks for one-, two-story buildings, it is allowed to provide for individual and collective sources of water supply from underground aquifers or from reservoirs at the rate of a daily consumption of household and drinking water of at least 60 liters per person. In areas with limited water resources, the estimated daily water consumption may be reduced in agreement with the local authorities of the Ministry of Health of Russia.
9.29 To delete Wastewater a sewerage system must be provided - centralized or local in accordance with the rules established in SNiP 2.04.01.
Wastewater must be removed without polluting the territory and aquifers.
9.30 Devices for the collection and disposal of municipal solid waste and waste from the operation of public premises built into a residential building, including garbage chutes, must be made in accordance with the rules for the operation of the housing stock adopted by local authorities.
9.31 The garbage chute must be equipped with a device for periodic washing, cleaning, disinfection and automatic fire extinguishing of the trunk in accordance with the requirements of SanPiN 4690.
The trunk of the garbage chute must be airtight, soundproofed from building structures and should not be adjacent to living quarters.
10. DURABILITY AND REPAIRABILITY10.1 Subject to the established rules, the load-bearing structures of the building must retain their properties in accordance with the requirements of these rules and regulations during the expected service life, which can be set in the design assignment.
10.2 The supporting structures of the building, which determine its strength and stability, as well as the service life of the building as a whole, must maintain their properties within acceptable limits, taking into account the requirements of SNiP 20-01 and building codes and regulations for building structures made of appropriate materials.
10.3 Elements, parts, equipment with a service life shorter than the expected service life of the building must be replaced in accordance with the overhaul periods established in the project and taking into account the requirements of the design assignment. The decision to use less or more durable elements, materials or equipment with a corresponding increase or decrease in overhaul periods is established by technical and economic calculations.
At the same time, materials, designs and technology construction work should be selected to ensure the lowest subsequent repair, maintenance and operating costs.
10.4 Structures and parts must be made of materials that are resistant to possible effects of moisture, low temperatures, aggressive environments, biological and other adverse factors in accordance with SNiP 2.03.11.
In necessary cases, appropriate measures must be taken to prevent the penetration of rain, melt, groundwater into the thickness of the supporting and enclosing structures of the building, as well as the formation of an unacceptable amount of condensation moisture in the external enclosing structures by sufficient sealing of the structures or ventilation of closed spaces and air gaps. The necessary protective compositions and coatings must be applied in accordance with the requirements of current regulatory documents.
10.5 Butt joints of prefabricated elements and layered structures should be designed to withstand temperature and humidity deformations and forces arising from uneven subsidence of the bases and other operational influences. The sealing and sealing materials used in the joints must retain their elastic and adhesive properties when exposed to negative temperatures and moisture, and also be resistant to ultraviolet rays. Sealing materials must be compatible with the materials of protective and protective-decorative coatings of structures at their interface.
10.6 It should be possible to access the equipment, fittings and devices of engineering systems of the building and their connections for inspection, maintenance, repair and replacement.
The equipment and pipelines must be fixed on the building structures of the building in such a way that their performance is not disturbed by possible movements of the structures.
10.7 When constructing buildings in areas with complex geological conditions, subject to seismic impacts, undermining, subsidence and other ground movements, including frost heaving, the input of engineering communications should be carried out taking into account the need to compensate for possible deformations of the base in accordance with the requirements established in the regulatory documents for various engineering networks.
11. ENERGY SAVING11.1 The building must be designed and erected in such a way that, when meeting the established requirements for the internal microclimate of the premises and other living conditions, efficient and economical use of energy resources during its operation.
11.2 Compliance with the requirements of energy saving standards is assessed by the thermal characteristics of building envelopes and engineering systems or by a comprehensive indicator of the specific consumption of thermal energy for heating and ventilation of the building.
11.3 When evaluating the energy efficiency of a building according to the thermal characteristics of its building structures and engineering systems, the requirements of these standards are considered to be met under the following conditions:
1) the reduced resistance to heat transfer and the air permeability of enclosing structures are not lower than those required by SNiP 23-02;
2) heating, ventilation, air conditioning and hot water systems have automatic or manual regulation;
3) engineering systems buildings are equipped with metering devices for thermal energy, cold and hot water, electricity and gas with a centralized supply.
11.4 When evaluating the energy efficiency of a building according to a complex indicator of the specific energy consumption for its heating and ventilation, the requirements of these standards are considered to be met if the calculated value of the specific energy consumption to maintain the normalized microclimate and air quality parameters in the building does not exceed the maximum allowable normative value. In this case, the third condition 11.3 must be satisfied.
11.5 In order to achieve optimal technical and economic characteristics of the building and further reduce the specific energy consumption for heating, it is recommended to provide:
The most compact space-planning solution of the building;
The orientation of the building and its premises in relation to the cardinal points, taking into account the prevailing directions of the cold wind and solar radiation fluxes;
The use of efficient engineering equipment of the corresponding range of products with increased efficiency;
Utilization of the heat of exhaust air and wastewater, the use of renewable energy sources (solar, wind, etc.).
If, as a result of the above measures, conditions 11.4 are ensured at lower values of heat transfer resistance of enclosing structures than required by SNiP 23-02, then the heat transfer resistance of walls can be reduced compared to the established standards.
The thermal performance of the building and the energy efficiency class are entered into the energy passport of the building and subsequently refined based on the results of operation and taking into account ongoing energy saving measures.
11.6 In order to control the energy efficiency of the building according to standard indicators project documentation should contain the section "Energy Efficiency". This section must contain the energy passport of the building in accordance with SNiP 23-02, information on the assignment of the energy efficiency class of the building, a conclusion on the compliance of the building project with the requirements Public buildings and structures
GOST R 51631-2000 Passenger lifts. Technical requirements for accessibility for the disabled
PUE Rules for the installation of electrical installations
NPB 66-97 Autonomous fire detectors. General technical requirements. Test Methods
B.4 The built-up area of a building is defined as the area of the horizontal section along the outer contour of the building at the basement level, including projecting parts. The area under the building, located on supports, as well as driveways under it, are included in the built-up area.
B.5 When determining the number of storeys of a building, the number of above-ground floors includes all above-ground floors, including the technical floor, the attic floor, and the basement floor, if the top of its floor is at least 2 m above the average planning elevation of the earth.
The underground under the building, regardless of its height, as well as the interfloor space with a height of less than 1.8 m, are not included in the number of above-ground floors.
With a different number of floors in different parts of the building, as well as when placing the building on a site with a slope, when the number of floors increases due to the slope, the number of floors is determined separately for each part of the building.
When determining the number of storeys of a building for calculating the number of elevators, the technical floor located above the top floor is not taken into account.
Notes
1 The area of the apartment and other technical indicators calculated for the purposes of statistical accounting and technical inventory are determined according to the rules established in the "Instructions
2 The table is compiled on the basis of: 18 m2 of the total area of the apartment per person, floor height 2.8 m, interval of movement of elevators 81 - 100 s.
3 In residential buildings, in which the values of the floor area of apartments, the height of the floor and the total area of \u200b\u200bthe apartment per resident differ from those accepted in the table. The number, carrying capacity and speed of passenger elevators are established by calculation.
4 In residential buildings with multi-level apartments located on the upper floors, it is allowed to provide a stop for passenger elevators on one of the floors of the apartments. In this case, the number of storeys of the building for calculating the number of elevators is determined by the floor of the upper stop.
The Zakonbase website presents "RESIDENTIAL APARTMENT BUILDINGS. BUILDING REGULATIONS AND RULES OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION. SNiP 31-01-2003" (approved by the Decree of the Gosstroy of the Russian Federation of 06.23.2003 N 109) in the most recent edition. It is easy to comply with all legal requirements if you familiarize yourself with the relevant sections, chapters and articles of this document for 2014. To search for the necessary legislative acts on a topic of interest, you should use convenient navigation or advanced search.
On the Zakonbase website you will find "RESIDENTIAL APARTMENT BUILDINGS. BUILDING NORMS AND RULES OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION. SNiP 31-01-2003" (approved by the Decree of the Gosstroy of the Russian Federation of 06.23.2003 N 109) in a fresh and complete version, in which all changes have been made and amendments. This guarantees the relevance and reliability of the information.
At the same time, you can download "RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS, APARTMENTS. BUILDING NORMS AND RULES OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION. SNiP 31-01-2003" (approved by the Decree of the Gosstroy of the Russian Federation of 06.23.2003 N 109) can be completely free, both in full and in separate chapters.
Before sending an electronic application to the Ministry of Construction of Russia, please read the rules of operation of this interactive service set out below.
1. Electronic applications in the field of competence of the Ministry of Construction of Russia, filled in in accordance with the attached form, are accepted for consideration.
2. An electronic appeal may contain a statement, complaint, proposal or request.
3. Electronic appeals sent through the official Internet portal of the Ministry of Construction of Russia are submitted for consideration to the department for working with citizens' appeals. The Ministry provides an objective, comprehensive and timely consideration of applications. Consideration of electronic appeals is free of charge.
4. In accordance with the Federal Law of May 2, 2006 N 59-FZ "On the procedure for considering applications from citizens of the Russian Federation", electronic applications are registered within three days and sent depending on the content in structural units Ministries. The appeal is considered within 30 days from the date of registration. An electronic appeal containing issues, the solution of which is not within the competence of the Ministry of Construction of Russia, is sent within seven days from the date of registration to the appropriate body or the appropriate official, whose competence includes resolving the issues raised in the appeal, with notification of this to the citizen who sent the appeal.
5. An electronic appeal is not considered when:
- the absence of the name and surname of the applicant;
- indication of an incomplete or inaccurate postal address;
- the presence of obscene or offensive expressions in the text;
- the presence in the text of a threat to the life, health and property of an official, as well as members of his family;
- using a non-Cyrillic keyboard layout or only capital letters when typing;
- the absence of punctuation marks in the text, the presence of incomprehensible abbreviations;
- the presence in the text of a question to which the applicant has already received a written answer on the merits in connection with previously sent appeals.
6. The response to the applicant of the appeal is sent to the postal address specified when filling out the form.
7. When considering an appeal, it is not allowed to disclose the information contained in the appeal, as well as information relating to the private life of a citizen, without his consent. Information about the personal data of applicants is stored and processed in compliance with the requirements Russian legislation about personal data.
8. Appeals received through the site are summarized and submitted to the leadership of the Ministry for information. The answers to the most frequently asked questions are periodically published in the sections "for residents" and "for specialists"
In case of exclusion from the number of current regulatory documents to which there are references in these norms, one should be guided by the norms introduced to replace the excluded ones.
3. Terms and definitions.
In this document, terms are used, the definitions of which are given in Appendix B, as well as other terms, the definitions of which are accepted according to the normative documents listed in Appendix A.
4. General provisions.
Paragraphs 4.1, 4.4-4.9, 4.16, 4.17 of section 4 are included in the "List of national standards and codes of practice (parts of such standards and codes of practice), as a result of which, on a mandatory basis, compliance with the requirements of the Federal Law "Technical Regulations on the Safety of Buildings and Structures" is ensured , approved by the order of the Government of the Russian Federation dated June 21, 2010 No. 1047-r. - Database manufacturer's note.
4.1 The construction of residential buildings must be carried out according to the project in accordance with the requirements of these building codes and rules and other regulatory documents establishing the rules for design and construction, based on a building permit. The rules for determining the building area and the number of storeys of buildings during the design are given in Appendix B.
4.2 The location of a residential building, the distance from it to other buildings and structures, the size of land plots at the house are established in accordance with the requirements of SNiP 2.07.01. The number of floors and length of buildings are determined by the development project. When determining the number of storeys and length of residential buildings in seismic areas, the requirements of SNiP II-7 and SNiP 2.07.01 should be met.
4.3 When designing and constructing a residential building, conditions must be provided for the life of people with limited mobility, accessibility of the site, building and apartments for disabled people using wheelchairs, if the placement of apartments for families with disabled people in this residential building is established in the design assignment.
Nursing homes should be designed no higher than nine floors, for families with disabilities - no more than five. In other types of residential buildings, apartments for families with disabilities should be placed on the first floors.
In residential buildings of the federal and municipal housing stocks, the proportion of apartments for families with disabled people who use wheelchairs is established in the design assignment by local governments. Specific requirements for ensuring the life of the disabled and other people with limited mobility should be provided for, taking into account local conditions and the requirements of SNiP 35-01.
4.4 The project must be accompanied by instructions for the operation of apartments and public premises of the house.
The operating instructions for apartments and premises of the house should contain the data necessary for tenants (owners) of apartments and built-in public premises, as well as operating organizations to ensure safety during operation, including: information about the main structures and engineering systems, layouts of hidden elements and frame nodes, hidden wiring and engineering networks, as well as the limit values of loads on structural elements of the house and on its electrical network. These data can be presented in the form of copies of executive documentation. In addition, the instruction should include rules for the maintenance and maintenance of fire protection systems and an evacuation plan in case of fire.
4.5 In residential buildings, the following should be provided: domestic and drinking, fire-fighting and hot water supply, sewerage and drains in accordance with SNiP 2.04.01 and SNiP 2.04.02; heating, ventilation, smoke protection - in accordance with SNiP 41-01.
4.6 In residential buildings, it is necessary to provide for electric lighting, power electrical equipment, telephone installation, radio communication, television antennas and bell alarms, as well as automatic fire alarms, warning and evacuation control systems in case of fire, elevators for transporting fire departments and means of rescuing people in accordance with the requirements of regulatory documents .
4.7 On the roofs of residential buildings, provision should be made for the installation of antennas for the collective reception of transmissions and racks of wired broadcasting networks. Installation of radio relay masts and towers is prohibited.
4.8 Elevators should be provided in residential buildings with the floor level of the upper residential floor exceeding the floor level of the first floor at 11.2 m.
In residential buildings starting construction after 01/01/2010, in IA, IB, IG, ID and IVA in climatic sub-areas, elevators should be provided in buildings with a floor elevation of the upper floor that exceeds the level of the floor elevation of the first floor at 9.0 m.
The minimum number of passenger elevators that residential buildings of various heights must be equipped with is given in Appendix D.
It is allowed, when justifying, not to provide for elevators when adding one floor to existing 5-storey residential buildings. In buildings equipped with an elevator, it is allowed not to provide for an elevator stop in the superstructured floor.
In residential buildings in which apartments are provided for families with disabled people using wheelchairs on floors above the first floor, passenger elevators or lifting platforms must be provided in accordance with the requirements of SNiP 35-01, GOST R 51631 and NPB 250.
4.9 The width of the platforms in front of the elevators should allow the use of the elevator to transport the patient on an ambulance stretcher and be not less, m:
With a two-row arrangement of elevators, the width of the elevator hall should be not less, m:
4.10 In the basement, first and second floors of a residential building (in large and major cities * on the third floor), it is allowed to place built-in and built-in-attached public premises, with the exception of objects that have a harmful effect on humans.
* Classification of cities - according to SNiP 2.07.01.
It is not allowed to post:
Shops selling synthetic carpet products may be located attached to the blind sections of the walls of residential buildings with a fire resistance limit of REI 150.
* The time of restriction of operation can be specified by local governments.
4.11 In the basement and basement floors of residential buildings it is not allowed to place premises for storage, processing and use in various installations and devices of flammable and combustible liquids and gases, explosives, combustible materials; rooms for children; cinemas, conference rooms and other halls with the number of seats more than 50 as well as medical institutions. When placing other premises on these floors, one should also take into account the restrictions established in 4.10 of this SNiP and in Appendix 4* of SNiP 2.08.02.
Loading of public premises built into residential buildings should be carried out: from the ends of residential buildings that do not have windows; from underground tunnels; from highways (streets) in the presence of special loading rooms.
It is allowed not to provide the indicated loading rooms with the area of built-in public premises up to 150 m2.
4.13 On the top floor of residential buildings it is allowed to place workshops for artists and architects, as well as office (office) premises with the number of employees in each no more than 5 people., while taking into account the requirements of 7.2.15 of this SNiP.
It is allowed to place office premises in superstructured attic floors in buildings not lower than II degree fire resistance and height no more than 28 m.
4.14 It is allowed to place public premises for individual activities on residential floors (within the area of apartments). As part of apartments with a two-way orientation, it is allowed to provide additional premises for a family kindergarten per group no more than 10 people.; reception rooms for one or two doctors (in agreement with the bodies of the sanitary and epidemiological service); massage room for one specialist.
A family kindergarten is allowed to be placed in apartments with a two-way orientation, located no higher than the 2nd floor in buildings not lower than II degree fire resistance when these apartments are provided with an emergency exit in accordance with 6.20 * a) or b) of SNiP21-01 and if it is possible to arrange playgrounds in the local area.
4.15 When arranging built-in or built-in-attached parking lots in residential buildings, the requirements of SNiP 21-02 should be observed. Residential floors and floors with premises for preschool institutions and medical institutions should be separated from the parking lot by a technical floor.
4.16 In multi-apartment residential buildings on the first, basement or basement floors, a pantry for cleaning equipment equipped with a sink should be provided.
4.17 The need for a garbage chute in residential buildings is determined by local governments, depending on the adopted waste disposal system.
5. Requirements for the premises of apartments.
Section 5 is included in the "List of national standards and codes of practice (parts of such standards and codes of practice), as a result of which, on a mandatory basis, compliance with the requirements of the Federal Law "Technical Regulations on the Safety of Buildings and Structures", approved by order of the Government of the Russian Federation of 21.06. 2010 No. 1047-r - Note of the database manufacturer.
5.1 Apartments in residential buildings should be designed based on the conditions for their settlement by one family.
5.2 In buildings of state and municipal housing stocks, the minimum size of apartments in terms of the number of rooms and their area (excluding the area of balconies, terraces, verandas, loggias, cold storage rooms and apartment vestibules) is recommended to be taken according to table 5.1. The number of rooms and the area of apartments for specific regions and cities is specified by the local administration, taking into account demographic requirements, the achieved level of housing provision for the population and the resource supply of housing construction.
Table 5.1.
| Number of living rooms | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 |
| Recommended apartment area, m2 | 28 - 38 | 44 - 53 | 56 - 65 | 70 - 77 | 84 - 96 | 103 - 109 |
In residential buildings of other forms of ownership, the composition of the premises and the area of apartments are established by the customer-developer in the design assignment.
5.3 In apartments provided to citizens, taking into account the social norm of housing area * in the buildings of state and municipal housing funds, living quarters (rooms) and utility rooms should be provided: a kitchen (or a niche kitchen), an entrance hall, a bathroom (or a shower room) and a restroom ( or a combined bathroom), a pantry (or an economic built-in closet).
* The social norm of housing area - the size of the housing area per person, is determined in accordance with Art. 1 and Art. 11 of the Law of the Russian Federation "On the fundamentals of the federal housing policy.
5.4 A ventilated drying cabinet for outerwear and shoes, provided during the construction of a residential building in IA, IB, IG and IIA climatic subregions.
Loggias and balconies should be provided: in apartments of houses under construction III and IV climatic regions, in apartments for families with disabled people, in other types of apartments and other climatic regions - taking into account fire safety requirements and adverse conditions.
Unfavorable conditions for designing balconies and unglazed loggias:
5.5 Placement of residential premises in the basement and basement floors of residential buildings is not allowed.
5.6 The dimensions of the residential and utility rooms of the apartment are determined depending on the required set of furniture and equipment, placed taking into account the requirements of ergonomics.
5.7 The area of the premises in the apartments specified in 5.3 must be at least: living quarters (rooms) in a one-room apartment - 14 m2, common living quarters in apartments with two or more rooms - 16 m2, bedrooms - 8 m 2 (10 m 2 - for two people); kitchens - 8 m2; kitchen area in the kitchen-dining room - 6 m 2. In one-room apartments, it is allowed to design kitchens or kitchen niches with an area not less than 5 m2.
The area of the bedroom and kitchen in the attic floor (or floor with inclined enclosing structures) is allowed not less than 7 m2 provided that the common living space has an area not less than 16 m2.
5.8 Height (from floor to ceiling) of living quarters and kitchen (kitchen-dining room) in climatic regions IA, IB, IG, ID and IVA should be n e less than 2.7 m, and in other climatic regions - not less than 2.5 m.
The height of intra-apartment corridors, halls, front, mezzanines (and under them) is determined by the conditions for the safety of people's movement and should be not less than 2.1 m.
In residential premises and kitchens of apartments located in the attic floor (or upper floors with inclined enclosing structures), a lower ceiling height is allowed relative to the normalized area, not exceeding 50%.
5.9 Common living quarters in 2-, 3- and 4-room apartments of the housing stock buildings specified in paragraph 5.3, and bedrooms in all apartments should be designed impassable.
5.10 The premises of the apartments specified in 5.3 must be equipped with: kitchen - sink or sink, as well as a stove for cooking; bathroom - bathtub (or shower) and washbasin; restroom - a toilet bowl with a flush tank; combined bathroom - bath (or shower), washbasin and toilet. In other apartments, the composition of the equipment of the premises is established by the customer-developer.
The device of a combined bathroom is allowed in one-room apartments of houses of state and municipal housing funds, in other apartments - according to the design assignment.
6. Bearing capacity and deformability of structures.
Section 6 is included in the "List of National Standards and Codes of Rules (parts of such standards and codes of rules), as a result of which, on a mandatory basis, compliance with the requirements of the Federal Law "Technical Regulations on the Safety of Buildings and Structures", approved by order of the Government of the Russian Federation of 06.21. 2010 No. 1047-r - Note of the database manufacturer.
6.1 The foundations and load-bearing structures of the building must be designed and erected in such a way that during its construction and under the design operating conditions, the possibility of:
6.2 The structures and foundations of the building must be designed to withstand constant loads from the own weight of the supporting and enclosing structures; temporary uniformly distributed and concentrated loads on floors; snow and wind loads for a given construction area. The normative values of the listed loads, taking into account unfavorable combinations of loads or their corresponding forces, the limit values of deflections and displacements of structures, as well as the values of the safety factors for loads must be taken in accordance with the requirements of SNiP 2.01.07.
The additional requirements of the customer-developer specified in the design assignment must also be taken into account, for example, for the placement of fireplaces, heavy equipment for public premises built into a residential building; to fastening heavy elements of interior equipment to walls and ceilings.
6.3 The methods used in the design of structures for calculating their bearing capacity and deformability must meet the requirements of the current regulatory documents for structures made of appropriate materials.
When placing buildings on an undermined territory, on subsiding soils, in seismic regions, as well as in other complex geological conditions, additional requirements of the relevant norms and rules should be taken into account.
6.4 The foundations of the building must be designed taking into account the physical and mechanical characteristics of the soils provided for in SNiP2.02.01, SNiP 2.-2.03 (for permafrost soils - in SNiP 2.-2.04), the characteristics of the hydrogeological regime at the building site, as well as the degree of soil aggressiveness and groundwater in relation to foundations and underground engineering networks and must ensure the necessary uniformity of the settlement of the foundations under the elements of the building.
6.5 When calculating the building height over 40 m on the wind load, in addition to the conditions of strength and stability of the building and its individual structural elements, restrictions must be provided on the vibration parameters of the ceilings of the upper floors, due to the requirements of living comfort.
6.6 In case of occurrence during the reconstruction of additional loads and impacts on the remaining part of the residential building, its load-bearing and enclosing structures, as well as the foundation soils, must be checked for these loads and impacts in accordance with applicable standards, regardless of the physical wear of the structures.
In this case, one should take into account the actual bearing capacity of the foundation soils as a result of their change during the operation period, as well as the increase in the strength of concrete in concrete and reinforced concrete structures over time.
6.7 When reconstructing a residential building, one should take into account changes in its structural scheme that occurred during the operation of this building (including the appearance of new openings that are additional to the original design solution, as well as the impact of the repair of structures or their strengthening).
6.8 When reconstructing residential buildings with a change in the location of sanitary facilities, it is necessary to carry out appropriate additional measures for hydro, noise and vibration isolation, as well as, if necessary, strengthening the ceilings on which the equipment of these sanitary facilities is to be installed.
7. Fire safety.
7.1. Preventing the spread of fire.
7.1.1 Fire safety of buildings should be ensured in accordance with the requirements of SNiP 21-01 for buildings of functional fire hazard F1.3 and the rules established in this document for specially specified cases, and during operation in accordance with PPB 01.
7.1.2 The permissible building height and floor area within the fire compartment are determined depending on the degree of fire resistance and the structural fire hazard class according to table 7.1.
Table 7.1.
| The degree of fire resistance of the building. | Class of constructive fire hazard of the building. | The highest allowable height of the building, m | The largest allowable floor area of the fire compartment, m2 |
| I | C0 | 75 | 2500 |
| II | C0 | 50 | 2500 |
| C1 | 28 | 2200 | |
| III | C0 | 28 | 1800 |
| C1 | 15 | 1800 | |
| IV | C0 | 5 | 1000 |
| 3 | 1400 | ||
| C1 | 5 | 800 | |
| 3 | 1200 | ||
| C2 | 5 | 500 | |
| 3 | 900 | ||
| V | Not standardized | 5 | 500 |
| 3 | 800 | ||
| Note - The degree of fire resistance of a building with unheated extensions should be taken according to the degree of fire resistance of the heated part of the building. | |||
7.1.3 Buildings I, II and III degrees of fire resistance, it is allowed to build on one attic floor with load-bearing elements that have a fire resistance limit not less than R 45 and fire hazard class K0, regardless of the height of the buildings specified in Table 7.1, but located no higher than 75 m. The enclosing structures of this floor must meet the requirements for the structures of the superstructure building.
When using wooden structures, structural fire protection should be provided to ensure these requirements.
7.1.4 Fire resistance limit by characteristic R for gallery constructions in gallery houses I, II and III degrees of fire resistance must correspond to the values accepted for floors of buildings, and have a fire hazard class K0. Gallery structures in buildings IV not less than R 15 and fire hazard class K0.
7.1.5 In buildings I, II and III degrees of fire resistance to ensure the required fire resistance of the load-bearing elements of the building, only structural fire protection should be used.
7.1.6 Bearing elements of two-story buildings IV fire resistance levels must have a fire resistance limit not less than R 30.
7.1.7 In buildings I, II and III degrees of fire resistance, intersection walls and partitions, as well as walls and partitions separating non-apartment corridors from other premises, must have a fire resistance limit not less than EI 45, in buildings IV degree of fire resistance - not less than EI 15.
In buildings I, II and III degrees of fire resistance inter-apartment non-bearing walls and partitions must have a fire resistance limit not less than EI 30 and fire hazard class K0, in buildings IV degree of fire resistance - fire resistance limit not less than EI 15 and fire hazard class not lower than K1.
7.1.8 The fire hazard class and fire resistance limit of interior, including cabinet, collapsible, with doorways and sliding partitions are not standardized.
7.1.9 Partitions between storerooms in the basement and basement floors of buildings II fire resistance height up to five floors inclusive, as well as in buildings III and IV degrees of fire resistance, it is allowed to design with a non-standardized fire resistance limit and fire hazard class. Partitions separating the technical corridor of the basement and basement floors from the rest of the premises must be fireproof 1st type.
7.1.10 Technical, basement, basement floors and attics should be separated by fire partitions 1st type into compartments with an area no more than 500 m2 in non-sectional residential buildings, and in sectional - in sections.
In technical floors and attics, in the absence of combustible materials and structures in them, the fire resistance limit of doors in fireproof partitions is not standardized. They can be made from materials of combustibility groups G1 and G2 or in accordance with 7.20 SNiP 21-01.
7.1.11 Fencing of loggias and balconies in buildings with a height three floors or more must be made of non-flammable materials.
Non-combustible materials should also be used for outdoor sun protection in buildings I, II and III fire resistance levels 5 floors or more.
7.1.12 Public premises should be separated from the premises of the residential part by fireproof partitions 1st type and floors 3rd type without openings, in buildings I degree of fire resistance - ceilings 2nd type.
7.1.13 The garbage collection chamber must have an independent entrance, isolated from the entrance to the building by a blank wall, and be distinguished by fire partitions and a ceiling with fire resistance limits not less than REI 60 and fire hazard class K0.
7.1.14 Roofing, rafters and attic sheathing may be made of combustible materials. In buildings with attics (with the exception of buildings V degree of fire resistance) when installing rafters and battens made of combustible materials, it is not allowed to use roofs made of combustible materials, and rafters and battens should be subjected to fire retardant treatment. With constructive protection of these structures, they should not contribute to the latent spread of combustion.
7.1.15 The supporting structures of the coating of the built-in part must have a fire resistance limit not less than R 45 and fire hazard class K0. If there are windows in a residential building oriented to the built-in-attached part of the building, the level of the roof at the junction should not exceed the floor mark above the living quarters of the main part of the building. The insulation in the coating must be non-combustible.
7.1.16 When installing solid fuel storerooms in the basement or first floor, they should be separated from other rooms by solid fire partitions 1st type and floors 3rd type. The exit from these pantries should be directly outside.
7.2. Providing evacuation.
7.2.1 The greatest distances from the doors of the apartments to the staircase or exit to the outside should be taken according to table 7.2.
Table 7.2.
| The degree of fire resistance of the building | Building constructive fire hazard class | The greatest distance from the apartment door to the exit, m | |
| when located between stairwells or external entrances | at exits to a dead-end corridor or gallery | ||
| I, II | C0 | 40 | 25 |
| II | C1 | 30 | 20 |
| III | C0 | 30 | 20 |
| C1 | 25 | 15 | |
| IV | C0 | 25 | 15 |
| C1, C2 | 20 | 10 | |
| V | Not standardized | 20 | 10 |
In a section of a residential building at the exit from the apartments into a corridor (hall) that does not have a window opening with an area of not less than 1.2 m 2 at the end, the distance from the door of the most remote apartment to the exit directly to the staircase or exit to the vestibule leading to the air zone of the smoke-free staircase, should not exceed 12 m if there is a window opening or smoke exhaust in the corridor (hall), this distance can be taken according to Table 7.2 as for a dead-end corridor.
7.2.2 The width of the corridor should be m, not less: with its length between the stairs or the end of the corridor and the stairs up to 40 m - 1.4, over 40 m - 1.6, gallery width - not less than 1.2 m. Corridors should be separated by partitions with fire-resistant doors EI 30 equipped with shutters and located at a distance no more than 30 m one from the other and from the ends of the corridor.
7.2.3 It is allowed to provide glazed doors in stairwells and elevator lobbies, while in buildings with a height of four floors or more - with reinforced glass.
7.2.4 The number of emergency exits from the floor and the type of staircases should be taken according to SNiP 21-01.
7.2.5 In residential buildings with a height less than 28 m, designed for placement in IV climatic region and IIIB climatic sub-area, instead of staircases, it is allowed to install external open stairs made of non-combustible materials with a fire resistance limit not less than R 60.
7.2.6 In residential buildings of the corridor (gallery) type with a total area of apartments on the floor up to 500 m2 it is allowed to provide access to one staircase type H1 at building height over 28 m or type L1 at building height less than 28 m with the condition that at the ends of the corridors (gallery) exits to external stairs are provided 3rd type leading up to the level of the floor of the second floor. When placing these staircases at the end of the building, one staircase is allowed 3rd type at the opposite end of the corridor (gallery).
7.2.7 When building on existing buildings up to 28 m one floor allows the preservation of the existing staircase type L1 provided that the superstructured floor is provided with an emergency exit according to 6.20* a), b) or c) of SNiP 21-01.
7.2.8 With the total area of apartments on the floor, and for sectional type buildings - on the floor of the section, over 500 m 2 evacuation must be carried out in at least two staircases (normal or smoke-free).
In residential buildings with a total area of apartments on the floor of the section (the floor of the corridor, gallery building) from 500 to 550 m2 the device of one evacuation exit from the apartments is allowed:
7.2.9 For a multi-level apartment, it is allowed not to provide access to the staircase from each floor, provided that the premises of the apartment are located no higher than 18 m and the floor of the apartment that does not have direct access to the stairwell is provided with an emergency exit in accordance with the requirements of 6.20* a), b) or c) of SNiP 21-01. The internal staircase is allowed to be made of wood.
7.2.10 Passage to the outer air zone of the staircase type H1 allowed through the elevator hall, while the arrangement of elevator shafts and doors in them must be carried out in accordance with the requirements of 7.22 SNiP 21-01.
7.2.11 In buildings with height up to 50 m with the total area of apartments on the floor of the section up to 500 m2 evacuation exit is allowed to be provided on the staircase type H2 or H3 when installing one of the elevators in the building, which ensures the transportation of fire departments and meets the requirements of NPB 250. At the same time, access to the staircase H2 should be provided through the vestibule (or elevator hall), and the doors of the staircase, elevator shafts, vestibules and vestibules must be fireproof 2nd type.
7.2.12 In sectional houses with a height over 28 m exit to the outside from smoke-free staircases ( type H1) it is allowed to arrange through the vestibule (in the absence of exits to it from the parking lot and public premises), separated from the adjacent corridors by fireproof partitions 1st type with fire doors 2nd type. In this case, the message of the staircase type H1 with the vestibule should be arranged through the air zone. It is allowed to fill the opening of the air zone on the ground floor with a metal grate. On the way from the apartment to the stairwell H1 there must be at least two (not counting the doors from the apartment) sequentially located self-closing doors.
7.2.13 In a building with a height of three floors or more, exits to the outside from the basement, basement floors and technical underground should be located not less than 100 m and should not communicate with the stairwells of the residential part of the building.
It is allowed to arrange exits from basements and basement floors through the staircase of the residential part in buildings up to 5 floors. These exits must be separated within the ground floor from the exit from the residential part by fireproof partitions. 1st type.
Exits from technical floors should be provided in accordance with 6.21 SNiP 21-01.
Exits from technical floors located in the middle or upper part of the building are allowed through common staircases, and in buildings with staircases H1- through the air zone.
7.2.14 When arranging emergency exits from attic floors to the roof in accordance with 6.20 * SNiP 21-01, it is necessary to provide platforms and walkways with a fence in accordance with GOST 25772 leading to stairs 3rd type and stairs P2.
7.2.15 Public premises must have entrances and emergency exits isolated from the residential part of the building.
When the studios of artists and architects, as well as office premises are located on the upper floor, it is allowed to take the stairwells of the residential part of the building as the second evacuation exit, while the communication of the floor with the stairwell should be provided through a vestibule with fire doors. The door in the vestibule, facing the staircase, should be provided with opening only from the inside of the room.
It is allowed to arrange one emergency exit from the premises of public institutions located on the first and basement floors with a total area no more than 300 m2 and number of employees no more than 15 people.
7.3. Fire safety requirements for engineering systems and equipment of buildings.
7.3.1 Smoke protection of buildings must be carried out in accordance with SNiP 41-01. In buildings with a height of more than 28 m with smoke-free staircases, it should be provided for the removal of smoke from floor corridors through special shafts with forced exhaust and valves arranged on each floor at the rate of one shaft per 30 m of the length of the corridor. An autonomous fan should be provided for each smoke exhaust shaft. Smoke exhaust shafts must have a fire resistance rating of at least EI 60.
In elevator shafts in buildings with a height of more than 28 m, in case of fire, outdoor air should be supplied in accordance with SNiP 41-01.
7.3.2 Ventilation units for air overpressure and smoke removal should be located in separate ventilation chambers, fenced off with type 1 fireproof partitions. Opening of valves and turning on of fans should be provided automatically from sensors installed in the hallways of apartments, in non-apartment corridors or halls, in concierge rooms, as well as remotely from buttons installed on each floor in fire hydrant cabinets.
7.3.3 Protection of buildings by automatic fire alarms should be provided in accordance with NPB 110. If there is an automatic fire alarm in the building, smoke fire detectors should be installed in the concierge's room, in non-apartment corridors and garbage collection chambers.
Thermal fire detectors installed in the hallways of apartments in buildings with a height of more than 28 m must have a response temperature of not more than 52 ° C.
Residential premises of apartments and dormitories (except for sanitary facilities, bathrooms, showers, laundry rooms, saunas) should be equipped with autonomous smoke fire detectors that meet the requirements of NPB 66.
7.3.4 The fire warning system must be carried out in accordance with NPB 104.
7.3.5 Intra-house and intra-apartment electrical networks must be equipped with residual current devices (RCD) in accordance with the PUE.
7.3.6 In the kitchens of residential buildings with a height of 11 floors or more, it is not allowed to install gas-fired cooking stoves.
7.3.7 In the absence of the possibility or expediency of connecting new and reconstructed multi-apartment residential buildings to a centralized or autonomous heat supply system in apartments and built-in public premises, except for the premises of children's and medical institutions, it is allowed to provide individual heat supply systems with natural gas heat generators with closed combustion chambers .
For hot water supply systems, it is allowed to use heat generators with an open combustion chamber in apartments of residential buildings of constructive fire hazard class C0, I, II and III of fire resistance and no more than 5 floors high.
7.3.8 Heat generators should be placed in a separate non-residential premises, while the total thermal power of heat generators should not exceed 100 kW. The installation of heat generators with a total thermal power of up to 35 kW is allowed to be provided in kitchens.
The room for heat generators is not allowed to be placed in the basement. It must have a window with a glazing area at the rate of 0.03 m2 per 1 m2 of the volume of the room, with a window or other special device for ventilation located in the upper part of the window. The volume of the room is determined based on the conditions for the convenience of operation of heat generators and the production of installation work and be at least 15 m.
The height of the room must be at least 2.2 m. The dimensions of the room must ensure the arrangement of passages with a width of at least 0.7 m.
Heat generators should be installed:
The floor area under the floor heat generator must have a protective coating made of non-combustible (NG) or slow-burning (G1) materials and protrude beyond the dimensions of the heat generator body by at least 10 cm.
7.3.9 Apartment heat generators, cooking and heating stoves operating on solid fuels may be provided in residential buildings up to two floors inclusive (excluding the basement). Storerooms of solid fuel should be placed in outbuildings.
7.3.10 Heat generators, including solid fuel stoves and fireplaces, cooking stoves and chimneys must be made with the implementation of structural measures in accordance with the requirements of SNiP 41-01. Prefabricated heat generators and hobs must also be installed taking into account the safety requirements contained in the manufacturer's instructions.
7.3.11 The collection chamber shall be protected throughout the entire area by sprinklers. The section of the distribution pipeline of the sprinklers must be annular, connected to the building's drinking water supply network and have thermal insulation made of non-combustible materials. The chamber door must be insulated.
7.3.12 In two-story buildings of the V degree of fire resistance with the number of apartments 4 or more, a dry pipe should be provided in the volume of the staircase with its output to the attic.
The dry pipe must have branch pipes brought out to the outside, equipped with valves and connecting heads for connecting mobile fire equipment, and in the attic - a connecting head for connecting a fire hose.
In the distribution (introductory) electrical panels of these buildings, the installation of self-actuating fire extinguishers should be provided.
7.4. Ensuring fire fighting and rescue operations.
7.4.1 Through passages in buildings should be taken as clear width not less than 3.5 m, height - not less than 4.25 m for buildings tall up to 50 m and not less than 4.5 m- for buildings with height over 50 m. Through passages through the stairwells of buildings should be located at a distance from one another no more than 100 m.
It is allowed not to arrange through passages through the stairwells when installing water supply networks with the installation of fire hydrants on them from two opposite sides of the building.
7.4.2 In each compartment of the basement or basement, separated by fire barriers, at least two windows with dimensions of at least 0.9x1.2 m with pits should be provided. The free area of these windows must be taken according to the calculation, but not less than 0.2% of the floor area of these premises. The dimensions of the pit should allow the supply of fire extinguishing agent from the foam generator and the removal of smoke using a smoke exhauster (the distance from the wall of the building to the border of the pit should be at least 0.7 m).
7.4.3 Openings are allowed in the transverse walls of basements and technical subfloors of large-panel buildings 1.6 m high. In this case, the height of the threshold should not exceed 0.3 m.
7.4.4 Fire-fighting plumbing must be carried out in accordance with SNiP 2.04.01 and SNiP 2.04.02.
In buildings tall up to 50 m instead of the internal fire water supply, it is allowed to provide for the installation of dry pipes with branch pipes brought out to the outside with valves and connecting heads for connecting fire trucks. Coupling heads must be placed on the facade in a place convenient for installing at least two fire trucks at a height of 0.8-1.2 m.
7.4.5 On the drinking water supply network in each apartment, a separate tap should be provided for connecting a hose equipped with a sprayer to be used as the primary device for internal fire extinguishing to eliminate the source of fire. The length of the hose should ensure the possibility of supplying water to any point in the apartment.
7.4.6 In residential buildings with height over 50 m one of the elevators must ensure the transportation of fire departments and comply with the requirements of NPB 250.
8. Safety in use.
Clauses 8.1-8.11, 8.13, 8.14 section 8 are included in the "List of national standards and codes of practice (parts of such standards and codes of practice), as a result of which, on a mandatory basis, compliance with the requirements of the Federal Law "Technical Regulations on the Safety of Buildings and Structures" is ensured, approved by the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation dated June 21, 2010 No. 1047-r - Note by the database manufacturer.
8.1 A residential building must be designed, erected and equipped in such a way as to prevent the risk of injury to residents when moving inside and around the house, when entering and leaving the house, as well as when using its elements and engineering equipment.
8.2 The slope and width of flights of stairs and ramps, the height of the steps, the width of the treads, the width of the landings, the height of the passages on the stairs, the basement, the attic in use, as well as the dimensions of the doorways, should ensure the convenience and safety of movement and the possibility of moving items of equipment of the corresponding premises of the apartments and built-in in a public building.
The minimum width and maximum slope of flights of stairs should be taken according to table 8.1.
Table 8.1
| March name | Minimum width, m | Max slope |
| Flights of stairs leading to the residential floors of buildings: | ||
| sectional: | ||
| - two-story | 1,05 | 1:1,5 |
| - three-story or more | 1,05 | 1:1,75 |
| - bellboys | 1,2 | 1:1,75 |
| Flights of stairs leading to the basement and basement floors, as well as internal staircases | 0,9 | 1:1,25 |
| Note - The width of the march should be determined by the distance between the fences or between the wall and the fence. | ||
The height of differences in the floor level of different rooms and spaces in the building must be safe. Where necessary, handrails and ramps should be provided. The number of ascents in one flight of stairs or on a level difference should be at least 3 and no more than 18. The use of stairs with different heights and depths of steps is not allowed. In two-level apartments, internal staircases are allowed with spiral or winder steps, while the width of the tread in the middle should be at least 18 cm.
8.3 The height of the railings of stairs, balconies, loggias, terraces, roofs and in places of dangerous drops should be not less than 1.2 m. Stair flights and landings must have railings with handrails.
Fencing must be continuous, equipped with handrails and designed to withstand horizontal loads. not less than 0.3 kN/m.
8.4 Structural solutions of the elements of the house (including the location of voids, methods of sealing the places where pipelines pass through structures, arrangement of ventilation openings, placement of thermal insulation, etc.) must provide protection against the penetration of rodents.
8.5 The engineering systems of the building must be designed and installed taking into account the safety requirements contained in the regulatory documents of the state supervision bodies and the instructions of the equipment manufacturers.
8.6 Engineering equipment and instruments in case of possible seismic effects must be securely fixed.
8.7 It is allowed to design a fireplace in an apartment on the top floor of a residential building, on any level of a multi-level apartment located last in height in the house.
8.8 In a residential building and in the local area, measures should be provided aimed at reducing the risks of criminal manifestations and their consequences, contributing to the protection of people living in a residential building and minimizing possible damage in the event of illegal actions. These activities are set in the design assignment in accordance with the regulatory legal acts of local governments and may include the use of explosion-proof structures, the installation of intercoms, combination locks, intruder alarm systems, protective structures of window openings in the first, basement and upper floors, in basement pits, and as well as entrance doors leading to the basement, to the attic and, if necessary, to other rooms.
General security systems (television control, burglar alarms, etc.) must protect fire fighting equipment from unauthorized access and vandalism.
Measures aimed at reducing the risks of criminal manifestations should be supplemented at the operational stage.
8.9 In separate residential buildings, determined according to the layout of civil defense structures, dual-use premises should be designed in accordance with the instructions of SNiP II-11.
8.10 Lightning protection is designed in accordance with the requirements of RD 34.21.122.
8.11 On the operated roofs of residential buildings (except for residential buildings with public premises on the upper floors), roofs of built-in and attached public premises, as well as at the entrance area, on summer non-residential premises, in connecting elements between residential buildings, including open non-residential floors (ground and intermediate) used for the construction of sports grounds for recreation of adult residents of the house, areas for drying clothes and cleaning clothes or a solarium, the necessary security measures should be provided (device of fences and measures to protect ventilation outlets).
8.12 When designing saunas in apartments, the following should be considered:
8.13 Electrical control rooms, rooms for headend stations (HS), technical centers (TC) for cable television, sound transformer substations (ZTP), as well as places for telephone distribution cabinets (SHRT) should not be located under rooms with wet processes (bathrooms, lavatories, etc. .).
8.14 Premises of HS, shopping center, ZTP should have entrances directly from the street; the electrical panel room (including for communication equipment, automated control systems, dispatching and television) must have an entrance directly from the street or from a floor-by-floor non-apartment corridor (hall); the approach to the installation site of the SHRT should also be from the indicated corridor.
9. Ensuring sanitary and epidemiological requirements.
Section 9 is included in the "List of National Standards and Codes of Rules (parts of such standards and codes of rules), as a result of which, on a mandatory basis, compliance with the requirements of the Federal Law "Technical Regulations on the Safety of Buildings and Structures", approved by order of the Government of the Russian Federation dated 21.06. 2010 No. 1047-r - Note of the database manufacturer.
9.1 When designing and constructing residential buildings in accordance with these rules and regulations, measures must be taken to ensure the fulfillment of sanitary-epidemiological and environmental requirements for the protection of human health and the environment (SanPin 2.1.2.1002 etc.).
9.2 The design parameters of the air in the premises of a residential building should be taken according to the optimal standards of GOST 30494. The air exchange rate in the premises should be taken in accordance with table 9.1.
Table 9.1.
| room | Multiplicity or amount of air exchange, m3 / hour, not less | |
| in idle mode | in maintenance mode | |
| Bedroom, shared, children's room | 0,2 | 1,0 |
| Library, office | 0,2 | 0,5 |
| Pantry, linen, dressing room | 0,2 | 0,2 |
| Gym, billiard room | 0,2 | 80 m3 |
| Laundry, ironing, drying | 0,5 | 90 and 3 |
| Kitchen with electric stove | 0,5 | 60 m3 |
| Room with gas-using equipment | 1,0 | 1.0 + 100 m3 per slab |
| Room with heat generators and solid fuel stoves | 0,5 | 1.0 + 100 m3 per slab |
| Bathroom, shower room, toilet, shared bathroom | 0,5 | 25 m3 |
| Sauna | 0,5 | 10 m3 per person |
| Elevator engine room | 1,0 | By calculation |
| Parking | 1,0 | By calculation |
| Garbage chamber | 1,0 | 1,0 |
The air exchange rate in all ventilated rooms not listed in the table in non-working mode should be not less than 0.2 space per hour.
9.3 In the heat engineering calculation of the enclosing structures of residential buildings, the temperature of the internal air of the heated premises should be taken not less than 20 °С.
9.4 The heating and ventilation system of the building must be designed to ensure that the indoor air temperature during the heating season is within the optimal parameters established by GOST 30494, with the design parameters of the outdoor air for the respective construction areas.
When installing an air conditioning system, optimal parameters must also be ensured in the warm season.
In buildings erected in areas with an estimated outdoor temperature minus 40 °С and below, heating of the floor surface of residential premises and kitchens, as well as public premises with permanent stay of people located above cold undergrounds, should be provided, or thermal protection should be provided in accordance with the requirements of SNiP 23-02.
9.5 The ventilation system must maintain the purity (quality) of air in the premises and the uniformity of its distribution.
Ventilation can be:
9.6 In living quarters and kitchens, air supply is provided through adjustable window sashes, transoms, vents, valves or other devices, including self-contained wall air dampers with adjustable opening. If necessary, apartments designed for III and IV climatic regions, should be additionally provided with through or corner ventilation.
9.7 Removal of air should be provided from kitchens, latrines, bathrooms and, if necessary, from other premises of apartments, while installation of adjustable ventilation grilles and valves on exhaust ducts and air ducts should be provided.
Air from rooms that may emit harmful substances or unpleasant odors must be removed directly to the outside and not enter other rooms of the building, including through ventilation ducts.
Combining ventilation ducts from kitchens, latrines, bathrooms (showers), combined bathrooms, pantries for products with ventilation ducts from rooms with gas-using equipment and parking lots is not allowed.
9.8 Ventilation of built-in public premises, except for those specified in 4.14, must be autonomous.
9.9 In buildings with a warm attic, air removal from the attic should be provided through one exhaust shaft for each section of the house with a shaft height not less than 4.5 m from the ceiling above the last floor.
9.10 In the outer walls of basements, technical undergrounds and a cold attic that do not have exhaust ventilation, ventilation should be provided with a total area not less than 1/400 floor areas of a technical underground or basement, evenly spaced along the perimeter of the outer walls. The area of one vent should be not less than 0.05 m2.
9.11 The duration of insolation of apartments (premises) of a residential building should be taken in accordance with the requirements of SanPin 2.2.1 / 2.1.1.1076.
The normalized duration of insolation should be ensured: in one-, two- and three-room apartments - at least than in one living room; in four-room apartments and more - at least than two living rooms.
9.12 Natural lighting should have living rooms and kitchens, public premises built into residential buildings, except for premises whose placement is allowed in the basement floors in accordance with SNiP 2.08.02.
9.13 The ratio of the area of light openings to the floor area of \u200b\u200bthe living quarters and kitchen should be taken no more than 1:5.5 and not less than 1:8; for upper floors with light openings in the plane of inclined enclosing structures - at least 1:10 taking into account the lighting characteristics of windows and shading by opposing buildings.
9.14 Natural lighting is not standardized for rooms located under the mezzanine in two-light rooms; laundry, pantries, dressing rooms, bathrooms, latrines, combined sanitary facilities; front and intra-apartment corridors and halls; apartment vestibules, floor-by-story non-apartment corridors, lobbies and halls.
9.15 Normalized indicators of natural and artificial lighting of various premises should be set in accordance with SNiP 23-05. Illumination at the entrances to the building should be at least 6 lux for horizontal surfaces and at least 10 lux for vertical ( up to 2 m) surfaces.
9.16 When illuminated through light openings in the outer walls of common corridors, their length must not exceed: if there is a light opening in one end - 24 m, in two ends - 48 m. For longer corridors, it is necessary to provide additional natural lighting through light pockets. The distance between two light pockets must be no more than 24 m, and between the light pocket and the light opening at the end of the corridor - no more than 30 m. The width of the light pocket, which can serve as a staircase, must be not less than 1.5 m. Through one light pocket, it is allowed to illuminate corridors with a length of up to 12 m located on both sides.
9.17 In buildings designed for construction in III climatic region, light openings in living rooms and kitchens, and in IVa climatic sub-area also in the loggias, must be equipped with external adjustable sun protection within the sector 200-290°. In two-story buildings, sun protection can be provided with landscaping.
9.18 External building envelopes must have thermal insulation, insulation from the penetration of outside cold air and vapor barrier from the diffusion of water vapor from the premises, providing:
The temperature difference between the internal air and the surface of the structures of the external walls at the design temperature of the internal air must comply with the requirements of SNiP 23-02.
9.19 V I-III climatic regions at all external entrances to residential buildings, vestibules with a depth of not less than 1.5 m.
Double vestibules at the entrances to residential buildings should be designed depending on the number of storeys of buildings and the area of their construction in accordance with table 9.2.
Table 9.2.
| Average temperature of the coldest five-day period, °С | Double vestibule in buildings with the number of floors, |
| Minus 20 °С and above | 16 or more |
| Below minus 20 °С up to minus 25 °С inclusive | 16 or more |
| Below minus 25 °С up to minus 35 °С inclusive | 16 or more |
| Below minus 35 °С up to minus 40 °С inclusive | 16 or more |
| Below minus 40 °C | 16 or more |
| Note - 1. With a direct entrance to the apartment, a double vestibule should be designed with an unheated staircase. 2. A veranda can be used as a vestibule. | |
9.20 The premises of the building must be protected from the penetration of rain, melt and ground water and possible household water leaks from engineering systems by structural means and technical devices.
9.21 Roofs should be designed, as a rule, with an organized drain. It is allowed to provide for an unorganized drain from the roofs of 2-storey buildings, provided that canopies are installed above the entrances and blind areas.
9.22 It is not allowed to place a toilet and a bathroom (or shower) directly above the living rooms and kitchens. Placing a toilet and a bathroom (or shower) on the upper level above the kitchen is allowed in apartments located on two levels.
9.23 When new materials and products are used in construction, the latter must have a hygienic certificate issued by bodies and institutions of the state sanitary and epidemiological service.
9.24 When building houses in areas where, according to engineering and environmental surveys, there are emissions of soil gases (radon, methane, etc.), measures should be taken to isolate floors and basement walls in contact with the ground in order to prevent the penetration of soil gas from the soil into the building , and other measures to reduce its concentration in accordance with the requirements of the relevant sanitary standards.
9.25 Sound insulation of external and internal enclosing structures of residential premises should ensure the reduction of sound pressure from external sources of noise, as well as from shock and noise from equipment of engineering systems, air ducts and pipelines to a level not exceeding that allowed by SNiP 23-03.
Inter-apartment walls and partitions must have an airborne sound insulation index not lower than 50 dB.
9.26 Noise levels from engineering equipment and other indoor sources of noise should not exceed the established permissible levels and no more than 2 dBA exceed the background values determined when the internal noise source is not working, both during the day and at night.
9.27 To ensure an acceptable noise level, it is not allowed to mount sanitary appliances and pipelines directly to inter-apartment walls and partitions enclosing living rooms; them, as well as adjacent to them.
9.28 The supply of drinking water to the house should be provided from the centralized water supply network of the settlement. In areas without centralized engineering networks for one-, two-story buildings, it is allowed to provide for individual and collective sources of water supply from underground aquifers or from reservoirs based on the daily consumption of household and drinking water at least 60 l per person. In areas with limited water resources, the estimated daily water consumption may be reduced in agreement with the local authorities of the Ministry of Health of Russia.
9.29 To remove waste water, a sewerage system must be provided - centralized or local in accordance with the rules established in SNiP 2.04.01.
Wastewater must be removed without polluting the territory and aquifers.
9.30 Devices for the collection and disposal of municipal solid waste and waste from the operation of public premises built into a residential building, including garbage chutes, must be made in accordance with the rules for the operation of the housing stock adopted by local authorities.
9.31 The garbage chute must be equipped with a device for periodic washing, cleaning, disinfection and automatic fire extinguishing of the trunk in accordance with the requirements of SanPin 4690.
The trunk of the garbage chute must be airtight, soundproofed from building structures and must not be adjacent to living quarters.
10. Durability and maintainability.
Section 10 is included in the "List of National Standards and Codes of Rules (parts of such standards and codes of rules), as a result of which, on a mandatory basis, compliance with the requirements of the Federal Law "Technical Regulations on the Safety of Buildings and Structures", approved by order of the Government of the Russian Federation of 06.21. 2010 No. 1047-r - Note of the database manufacturer.
10.1 Subject to the established rules, the load-bearing structures of the building must retain their properties in accordance with the requirements of these rules and regulations during the expected service life, which can be set in the design assignment.
10.2 The supporting structures of the building, which determine its strength and stability, as well as the service life of the building as a whole, must maintain their properties within acceptable limits, taking into account the requirements of SNiP 20-01 and building codes and regulations for building structures made of appropriate materials.
10.3 Elements, parts, equipment with a service life shorter than the expected service life of the building must be replaced in accordance with the overhaul periods established in the project and taking into account the requirements of the design assignment. The decision to use less or more durable elements, materials or equipment with a corresponding increase or decrease in overhaul periods is established by technical and economic calculations.
At the same time, materials, structures and technology of construction work should be selected taking into account the minimum subsequent costs for repair, maintenance and operation.
10.4 Structures and parts must be made of materials that are resistant to possible effects of moisture, low temperatures, aggressive environments, biological and other adverse factors in accordance with SNiP 2.03.11.
In necessary cases, appropriate measures must be taken to prevent the penetration of rain, melt, groundwater into the thickness of the supporting and enclosing structures of the building, as well as the formation of an unacceptable amount of condensation moisture in the external enclosing structures by sufficient sealing of the structures or ventilation of closed spaces and air gaps. The necessary protective compositions and coatings must be applied in accordance with the requirements of current regulatory documents.
10.5 Butt joints of prefabricated elements and layered structures should be designed to withstand temperature and humidity deformations and forces arising from uneven subsidence of the bases and other operational influences. The sealing and sealing materials used in the joints must retain their elastic and adhesive properties when exposed to negative temperatures and moisture, and also be resistant to ultraviolet rays. Sealing materials must be compatible with the materials of protective and protective-decorative coatings of structures at their interface.
10.6 It should be possible to access the equipment, fittings and devices of engineering systems of the building and their connections for inspection, maintenance, repair and replacement.
The equipment and pipelines must be fixed on the building structures of the building in such a way that their performance is not disturbed by possible movements of the structures.
10.7 When constructing buildings in areas with complex geological conditions, subject to seismic impacts, undermining, subsidence and other ground movements, including frost heaving, the input of engineering communications should be carried out taking into account the need to compensate for possible deformations of the base in accordance with the requirements established in the regulatory documents for various engineering networks.
11. Energy saving.
Section 11 is included in the "List of National Standards and Codes of Rules (parts of such standards and codes of rules), as a result of which, on a mandatory basis, compliance with the requirements of the Federal Law "Technical Regulations on the Safety of Buildings and Structures", approved by order of the Government of the Russian Federation of 06.21. 2010 No. 1047-r - Note of the database manufacturer.
11.1 The building must be designed and erected in such a way that, if the established requirements for the internal microclimate of the premises and other living conditions are met, the efficient and economical use of energy resources during its operation is ensured.
11.2 Compliance with the requirements of energy saving standards is assessed by the thermal characteristics of building envelopes and engineering systems or by a comprehensive indicator of the specific consumption of thermal energy for heating and ventilation of the building.
11.3 When evaluating the energy efficiency of a building according to the thermal characteristics of its building structures and engineering systems, the requirements of these standards are considered to be met under the following conditions:
11.4 When evaluating the energy efficiency of a building in terms of a complex indicator of specific energy consumption for its heating and ventilation, the requirements of these standards are considered to be met if the calculated value of specific energy consumption to maintain normalized microclimate and air quality parameters in the building does not exceed the maximum allowable standard value. In this case, the third condition 11.3 must be satisfied.
11.5 In order to achieve optimal technical and economic characteristics of the building and further reduce the specific energy consumption for heating, it is recommended to provide:
If, as a result of the above measures, conditions 11.4 are ensured at lower values of the heat transfer resistance of the enclosing structures than required by SNiP 23-02, then the heat transfer resistance of the walls can be reduced compared to the established standards.
The thermal performance of the building and the energy efficiency class are entered into the energy passport of the building and subsequently refined based on the results of operation and taking into account ongoing energy saving measures.
11.6 In order to control the energy efficiency of the building according to the normative indicators, the project documentation must contain the section "Energy Efficiency". This section should contain the energy passport of the building in accordance with SNiP 23-02, information on the assignment of the energy efficiency class of the building, a conclusion on the compliance of the building project with the requirements of these standards and recommendations for improving energy efficiency if the project needs to be finalized.
