When building a private house, most developers most often make the same mistakes. In this article, we have collected 9 of the most common construction mistakes, avoiding which you can build a cottage without any problems.
Many developers prefer to skip this stage and immediately start construction without a quality project. But construction does not begin with laying the first brick, but with transferring the idea to paper. Only a high-quality project will make it possible to calculate the estimate, deadlines, and the number of specialists involved as close as possible to reality.
The second typical mistake that customers make is the choice of low-quality building materials. More precisely, even so. Take good cement, but use dirty sand. Buy a heater from a trusted company, but save on glue for it. Ultimately, this leads to double spending. And it’s good if the shortcomings have to be eliminated even when creating a house, and not during its operation.
Advice
In order not to spend more money at the stage of acquiring building materials, you need to complete the project estimate in advance. A competent specialist calculates everything down to the number of nails. And this will save money without sacrificing quality.
A competent builder will not make mistakes and will make sure that materials arrive gradually. it
The fourth common mistake is to start building a private house in spring or even summer. In the warm season, concrete for the foundation will dry many times faster. But this does not mean that it will be better. It should be clearly understood: you can’t rush when building a house!
Advice
You can not build a house on a foundation that has not yet "settled". The concrete solution fills all the voids, spills over the allotted space. This takes time. The optimal time for the foundation to be ready is 1-2 months.
The larger the cottage, the stronger the foundation. One of the most common mistakes to avoid is to start building walls over a foundation that was poured less than a month ago. Experienced builders say that the foundation should be poured in a warm autumn. The natural drying of concrete will allow you to get the strongest foundation for the future home.
Increasing the strength of a building material is possible only with the use of reinforcement. The house is being built for years. Precipitation, wind and operation reduce its wear resistance. And only reinforcement can slow down this process.
Advice
It is possible to reinforce an already operated building. But it's hard and makes it worse appearance at home. Do not make a common mistake of illiterate builders. The best option is to produce reinforcement during construction.
Need to reinforce
The reinforcement process will not take much time and will not increase the cost of the project too much.
The house needs to be insulated. This is an unbreakable dogma. It is a mistake to rely on the heating system or mild winters. The best option is to insulate the walls outside the house. The installation of a heat-modernizing system can be started immediately after the walls have been erected.
If you plan to finish the exterior of the facade, then you can not adhere to the ideal evenness of the walls. This will save time. And the arrangement of the facade can be performed immediately after strengthening the insulation to the walls.
Under thermal modernization, any specialist assumes wall insulation and installation of “correct” windows. Even the thickest insulation will not fully retain heat if it does not have good double-glazed windows. High-quality windows are a guarantee of heat preservation, as well as good sound insulation.
In order to avoid a common mistake, you need to consider how many shutters there will be in each double-glazed window. And also whether windows are needed that can be ventilated. You can install double-glazed windows as soon as the walls are erected, as well as after the “box” is ready.
Most modern roofing materials are of sufficient quality, however, a common mistake is not to pay due attention to the roof. All problems arise most often precisely because of installation errors. For example, some, when buying high-quality materials for the roof itself, install it on cheap fasteners, which in general makes such a roof short-lived. Or they use materials that are not suitable for the installation of a particular type of roof. That is why, when installing the roof, this process should be studied in detail in order to prevent annoying mistakes.
The house must be comfortable. A common mistake is the layout of rooms without taking into account the needs of residents. If there is not so much space, you can:
But there are things that even a small house should have. it
A good layout will make the inhabitants of the house feel comfortable. And the house itself will be cozy.
And the last. It is impossible to build a good house if random people are involved in this process. A well-coordinated team must work. It needs a backbone of specialists, a good leader, who is also a person who controls every stage of the work.
Choosing builders is by far the most difficult aspect of building a home. The best option is one company does all the work. So there will be more responsibility for the performers. At the same time, an experienced company with a well-coordinated team can always give timely, competent, necessary recommendations.
Advice
You need to control all stages of construction yourself. It's best not to let the next step start without checking the previous one. Builders may well hide their mistakes. And those, unfortunately, can then be incorrigible.
In fact, advice on how to avoid mistakes during construction can be continued for a very long time. But the 9 listed are the most typical and difficult to fix. Therefore, it is better to know in advance what will help prevent them.
School of Architectural Design: Lesson Two
Let's take a look at our first homework:
Write down what size cottage you want to build, from what material, what color, in what style. Write what architectural details (let's say, bay windows, balconies, terraces, columns, skylights, etc.) you like.
Look at what you wrote down. This will definitely come in handy, but not now. Because in fact, this refers to the appearance of the house, and you should start with something else.
The most common mistake, sometimes leading to serious consequences when choosing a project, is its visual perception. The decision is 90% dependent on how much you liked the picture you saw. Looking at a beautiful picture of a house, with a beautiful complex roof, with a forest in the background, and a blue sky, it's hard to imagine how a house on your site will actually look like.
For example, one customer came to us with a cottage project selected on the Internet, which he wanted to build in the Sverdlovsk region, about twenty kilometers from Yekaterinburg.
Beautiful house?
Here is the layout ground floor.
Here is the layout of the first floor of the cottage.
And this attic floor. Narrow long bedrooms, a neat hall, a bathroom and a balcony above the porch.
At first glance, everything looks great, doesn't it? But try to imagine that you live in this house. Imagine your day, moving around the house, going out, returning from the store. Now write down what you like and don't like about this project.
Now look at what mistakes or problems a professional designer of cottages suitable for the Russian climate noticed in this house.
The main mistake: the choice of appearance.
In this particular cottage in the picture above, the following problems are noticeable to the experienced eye, waiting for the future owner of this house:
1. A high roof will regularly shed snow or pour water onto unprotected porches and stairs. It is fraught with daily physical work the owner as a janitor and increased injury risk for residents and guests of the house. Water will destroy the structure of the stairs, and as a result, it will need to be repaired in a few years.
2. Attic lighting through narrow lucarne windows ("cuckoo") in the roof will be insufficient - they are too narrow.
3. The smell of gasoline from the garage can make its way into the dining room above it.
4. The balcony above the porch during the winter will accumulate a whole snowdrift, which every thaw and all spring will cover the stairs with a slippery layer of ice and water.
5. Drains are provided in the project, but snow retainers are not visible. Still - this project is great for a very sunny and rainy Normandy. In the Urals, living in such a house will not be very comfortable. Nobody likes to walk under icicles every day in spring!
6. The cost of an extremely complex, tiled roof is prohibitive.
7. The plinth is too high. Climbing this ladder many times a day is quite tiring (although, of course, it helps to maintain the physical fitness of the residents of the house).
8. The boiler room is located in the basement. Behind the garage. It is hard to think of a better place to blow up the whole house in the event of a gas "pop" and at the same time burn an expensive car.
9. The bedrooms on the second floor are too long and narrow, besides, the sloping roof takes up a lot of usable space.
10. Access from the bedrooms through the stairs to the living room, and not to the hall - a possible, but controversial decision of the architect. The path home to the kitchen will be of considerable length. In general, the designer's concern for the owners to forget about the word hypodynamia is noticeable!
What should you think about when choosing a house project?
So, when evaluating the appearance of the house, imagine the facade without architectural excesses painted on it and try to understand what will remain. You need to see the box: only the roof, walls and windows with doors. Then the comparison of different projects will be correct. It's not easy at first, it takes some practice.
It happens that you like the layout, but the appearance of the house is created in an architectural style that is diametrically opposed to your preferences. You automatically dismiss this option, without even assuming that the facade of almost any house can be solved in the architectural style you need!
You need to think about a lot of things necessary for life, you need to imagine this house inside, mentally walk through its rooms, call out to the children on the other floor from the kitchen, clear the path from the garage to the gate and the high porch from snow. You have to imagine how ordinary life in the house (for example, where you will dry your laundry after washing or where you fold your bike in winter, and skis in summer), and an emergency situation (power outage for a week, fire, accidental destruction of the gas pipeline by some kind of tractor or truck. Then much becomes clearer .
The most common mistakes when designing a house + photo
Foreword:
The format of our article certainly does not imply in-depth study design errors, but we, based on our experience, will try to briefly and concisely identify the main mistakes that repeat from year to year!
“What does it cost us to build a house, draw, we will live!”
Of course, we do not literally understand this phrase, and there are hardly any people in this hall who believe that they can live in a painted house. But at the same time, this expression is quite vital, because first you need to draw a house, and then build it in real size. This painted house can be called the first step to the project.
Now about the sad thing - some adults, having drawn the house of their dreams, are limited to this, naming the drawing with the proud word "Project" and giving it to the builders to work.
The next category of citizens, more advanced, along with the drawing of the external view, painstakingly draw the interior space in order to determine future usable areas. And at the end of the torment, a revelation comes to them that the entrance hall will be as much as 10 meters, the toilet 5, and the bedroom 20. Then they will write the cherished numbers in the center of these rooms in beautiful handwriting and, like the first category, with a businesslike look, they will transfer the “PROJECT” builders to work.
And you say no one lives in a painted house!
But today's conversation will concern those people who understand that a project is an important and rather complex document that must be treated with all seriousness and a masterly approach. These responsible people were not afraid of the word “project”, they found out what sections and subsections it should contain and decided that they needed a full-fledged project at home. We support them because these are people who strive to get exactly the result that they planned.
Today's topic is for these people, we will analyze the most common design errors country house.
Mistake 1- A project from a friend of one friend
Of course, each of us in the environment has a friend who has a friend who made a good project for one friend. As a result, we find this friend, who was recommended by a friend, and he really does projects (but they didn’t tell you that only in electrics, and extra work won’t hurt him), and since a loyal client has already contacted him with a recommendation (this You), after a little thought, he takes on the project of the whole house (and he will learn for one thing). Loyalty from recommendations - blinds your eyes, and you resignedly go to the cliff on the lead of amateurs. This story repeats itself over and over again with different variables, but the result is always the same - loss of money, time and a lot of nerves. I do not deny that there are exceptions. We're moving on.
Error 2 - project from the Internet
There is another storehouse of projects - this is the Internet!
This is where the fantasy of a future homeowner can play out. The wonders of material savings, the wonders of project timing, the wonders of ergonomic design, and the wonders of Feng Shui. But this is not the worst thing, especially creative people take decisive steps and take the foundation from one project, the walls from the second, the roof from the third, and all this is completed by the internal layout from the fourth. Of course, it’s worth mentioning that there are worthy and even unique projects on the Internet, but without extensive knowledge in this area and experience - choose at least a normal one, we’re not even talking about an ideal project for you - this is a real lottery, sometimes at stake is the cost of an entire house .
Our advice for this situation:
Of course, you can apply for the development of a project both to a company and to an individual. The main thing is that YOU deal with real and specific people whom you will know personally and with whom you can meet on work issues at least every day. It is extremely important that those who are likely to carry out the project for you have houses built according to previously completed projects. It is best if there is an opportunity to communicate with the owners of these houses and with the builders. Because all the shortcomings of the project "emerge" at the stage of construction and further operation. It must be remembered that no matter who you work with, you must do it under an agreement with clearly defined conditions for volumes, terms and guarantees, support and responsibility.
Mistake 3 - the project is not based on reality.
Not infrequently, we hear complaints from designers that clients come and say with a straight face, “we need a project for a house located on 50 acres in the lower left corner with an area of approximately 550 meters with three balconies and all of this is made of brick.” They are not going to provide additional data and the conversation ends there.
Here, most often, we observe such an option when people obviously consider themselves experts in suburban construction, and they were just too lazy to draw the project themselves, then they will then fit it into the landscape.
But questions on linking the project to the area are asked not for the sake of idle interest, but for the qualitative implementation of a complex of design works. A good designer is interested in many issues at the location of the object, ranging from topography, wind and snow loads, soil characteristics and ending with legal issues at the location of the site.
The same question applies to the rapidly gaining momentum of the work of freelancers. For little money and in a short time, you will draw any project. But the question of tying it to the terrain and responsibility for the "curvature" take over.
What is fraught with the separation of the project from reality?
As the saying goes, "it was on paper, but they forgot about the ravines." There can be many surprises (we want to note only unpleasant ones), for example, the whole house will be designed not for your latitude, the foundation specified in the project is not suitable for your type of soil, etc.
Our advice in this situation: Provide all the necessary information requested for design work, and of course you should be alerted if the designers are not interested in the site for future construction.
Mistake 4 - make it beautiful!
Beauty and luxury are relative concepts, which is why you need to carefully approach these issues. What you consider beautiful may be mediocre for an architect, but not all ideas of an architect will suit you. Not always beautiful - practical and practical - beautiful.
It must be understood that the elements of beauty and luxury usually cost extra money and not only for the material, but also for the work of highly specialized professionals. Exclusive materials have their own delivery times, specialists have their own “busy windows”, and it is not always possible to combine these components. Also, elements of beauty and luxury can become a serious ballast.
in case of problems with your financial flow. And when the above elements are inscribed in the main design features of the house (marble columns, elevators, carved pillars, towers, pools, two-story basements, etc.), they are no longer so easy to refuse without new architectural ideas and solutions that fit into the overall concept. at home.
Our advice on this situation: As for your standard of beauty and luxury, we recommend showing it to the architect (designer) on specific photo examples or existing architectural solutions, and not in words, and even more so not “on the fingers”, and then you will definitely come to a common understanding. Further, it will not be superfluous to provide for the possibility of replacing exclusive elements with standard solutions, and possibly abandoning them. Interchangeability and versatility never hurt.
Mistake 5 - Concessions in the convenience of life
Did you know that convenience for everyone is a great rarity?
The convenience of the project is one thing for an architect, another for builders, and a third for you. For example, an Architect may have several blanks (blocks), which he, as in a constructor, uses in various ways. But this does not mean at all that such solutions will suit you. Builders have several alternative options for installation work, but this does not mean that they must agree to them without good reason.
When the customer makes concessions on all sides, he usually remains in the red himself. As a result of such concessions, we see the ridiculous geometry of the premises, uncomfortable lighting, outdated and incompatible materials. And as a result, it may look like a beautiful, but inconvenient house for living.
Our advice in this situation: Think about how any architectural or installation decisions will affect you, do not compromise with people whom you may not even remember in a year. If the proposal of the architect or builders to change the "contractual, pre-project and design" agreements do not have clear, reasonable arguments or do not have proposals for a better alternative - do not agree to them. And remember that sometimes the deterioration of one is served under the sauce of the improvement of the other.
Error 6 - materials used
Of course, until it comes to construction, you have not thought about materials and their cost yet, but in vain!
And so they gave you finished project, You invited representatives of a construction company to discuss the timing of installation work and the supply of materials. And then it turns out that the materials that are indicated in the project have not been produced for a long time, and the characteristics of the analogues are completely different and for their application it is necessary to recalculate a large part of the project - they have arrived. It is also not uncommon when the materials specified in the project have long term deliveries (from six months or more), or builders refuse to work with this material, for example, with glass wool and other abrasive or hazardous materials. There are even cases when the project contains materials that are unknown to anyone, or materials that are used only in far abroad countries. And here, as such, there is no designer error, you did not focus on the available materials.
The multiplicity of materials is not a beautiful phrase, but a literal benefit. It hurts to watch when only 1/5 of the whole sheet is used in the last row of flooring (floor, roof, walls, etc.), and the rest is thrown away. When it causes so much fuss to builders that the price tag for their work will be incredibly large.
And be sure that if they did not include these difficulties in the cost of work at the conclusion of the contract, then they will definitely “recoup” in the future.
The picture is also sad, when there are so many materials by variety and variety that, as the Russian proverb says, "the devil himself will break his leg." As a result, we have the following difficulties: ordering in small lots is always more expensive than large ones, warehousing, accounting, phasing and logistics at the facility becomes a complex and painstaking work.
Our advice in this situation: Check that modern materials are used in the project, ask the construction base for their cost and quantity in stock, delivery time. The multiplicity of materials is, of course, on the conscience of the designer, but you can hint to him that this is important point, which will definitely pop up during the construction phase. Do not strive for a hodgepodge of materials; generalize each similar material if possible.
We picked up a finished project - is it just space for you!?
Do not rush to rejoice - there are a lot of building technologies and solutions, blunders imperceptible on paper - will "ring the ruble" and "an eyesore". You should not think of yourself as a great know-it-all, but an architect an angel. There are still specially trained people with extensive experience in the world (although the project itself can cost them a lot of money, but it’s enough for a consultation), who will look from the height of experience and regulatory documents and where they need to be corrected, or even thrown the project into the trash. BUT believe me better project than a whole house! And remember - It's better to lose a day, but then fly in five minutes.
Our advice in this situation Conduct an examination of the project in an independent and reputable organization (or a private person), let a third party look, perhaps new opportunities for comfort and savings will be found, and annoying errors will be corrected. Architects are people too and they make mistakes too, investing money here will definitely pay off. (unless, of course, professionals look). Of course, you think that there are guarantees for all work, and if anything, then everyone will come running and immediately start correcting mistakes, but practice says the opposite.
Mistake 8 - Design and construction start together.
A hit of all times and peoples: the question - “Will we move in by the New Year?”
The most common plan is to celebrate New Year in my house. And it doesn't matter that it's already October. The builders said - let's do it!
But as the Russian folk saying goes, “If you take nine women, then the child will still not be born in a month.” Construction technologies require a certain time frame, the order of work and even seasonality. As a rule, in a hurry, construction starts along with the design, and even earlier, as a result, confusion and discrepancy between what was designed and done in fact is inevitable.
You need to understand the consequences of your run “forward the locomotive”, a flooded foundation cannot be moved “one or two”, to strengthen it when the walls are already in place is hard, you cannot stuff materials “anyhow” into the project. Every change costs money. In general, you need to decide who is more important in this case - you and the builders or the project. If you are, then don't spend money on a project - after the end of "building by inspiration" - an ordinary student will be able to sketch a project after the work has been completed. It is also worth remembering that the rush of builders often affects quality.
Our advice on this situation: first the project, then the work.
Error 9 - everything is written in the project, so the builders will do everything right.
To begin with, an anecdote: Builders hand over the object, approach the construction site with the Customer and look into a huge well, at the bottom of which a searchlight is brightly lit. The builders say that this is the first time they see such stupidity - according to the project, it was necessary to make a well with a light bulb, but since it is written in the project, they did it. The customer looks at the project, then turns it over and says - “actually, it was supposed to be a lighthouse”
It is not true to think that a project is a document that contains absolutely all the information about building a house. Construction guides and regulations are countless.
And, for example, the connection can be made in various ways using various fasteners. But which one is appropriate in your case, and which one is not applicable at all, only a specialist with specialized education and experience can answer. There is such a type of technical supervision work - this is a slang name that understands by itself. At the same time, there is a profession, which implies an engineer for the quality of construction. And when technical supervision carries out technical supervision (and not you observe with a smart look), then we can say that the construction is going in the right direction.
At what stage is technical supervision needed? It is just at the design stage that its activity begins, which will avoid the above errors. And continues until the settlement of happy tenants. There is a naive understanding that technical supervision is a shepherd for builders.
Believe me, it's not like that at all. Competent technical supervision, does not supervise the builders and does not waste time (and the customer’s money) at the facility, he initially determines with the customer and the builders the checkpoints on the work schedule, at which he will appear at the facility and accept work, sign acts of hidden work , evaluate the quality of materials delivered to the facility and methods of their storage and warehousing.
It becomes much more difficult to hide marriage and various defects, and when they are detected installation work will be immediately stopped and it will not be difficult to determine the causes.
Our advice on this situation during construction is necessary.
Mistake 10 - Years of preparation.
This is a delay with the beginning of the realization of your dream in construction own house, justifying by the fact that not all information has been collected and not everything is still clear.
Our advice:
Everything will never be clear, there is an infinite amount of information! Look for only basic information and start decisive action now!
Thank you!
| The Expert-Vzglyad company recommends timely production in construction. Only the forces of a professional can prevent the loss Money and time to remake marriage. We wish you that the planned construction ends safely and on time! | ||
 |
 |
 |
Read in the article:
It is hardly possible to find a house whose owners, after the completion of construction, would not regret that they did not take into account something, did not provide, or would not complain about the mistakes made
But the error is different error. Small ones can be tolerated or eliminated at minimal cost. Correcting the rough ones is quite difficult. But there are also fatal errors. And if they take place, the experts put an unequivocal diagnosis of the structure: "fatal". Many mistakes can be made long before construction - during the design of the building.
Defects in design are admitted not only by architects, but also by the customers themselves. One of the first mistakes that future owners of a house make is the incorrect determination of its total area. How does this happen? Customers make a list of the premises they need, but the "virtual" design of a suburban facility is carried out by them according to the principle of planning an apartment. Often they forget to calculate the area of stairs, halls, ancillary premises (boiler room, laundry, etc.) and as a result they are extremely surprised when, during the creation of a preliminary design, it turns out that the total area of the house has increased by 100-200 m². Accordingly, financial costs for design and construction increase, for which customers may not be ready at all.
The development of a country house project is carried out by a design bureau or a private architect in two stages. The first is preliminary design, lasting one to two months. Its result is two or three options for a draft design. The sketch that the clients like will be finalized, and as soon as they sign it, the detailed design stage will begin, which takes two to three months. So the second most common mistake future homeowners make is that they rush to approve a draft design, and then, during the preparation of working documentation, they have new ideas that require adjustments or alterations to an almost completed project. It is better not to rush, think it over, check everything, and only then put a signature. Otherwise, be prepared for the fact that for innovations you will have to pay 30-40% of total cost project. These errors can be easily avoided, and their correction requires only financial costs.
Unfortunately, almost every project has some number of bugs. draw beautiful house quite simply, to correctly develop all the structural parts of the structure is not an easy task. Design is a process of taking into account the details, during which the architect has to answer a huge number of questions. It is impossible to answer all of them at the same time with one construction. Something will remain uncovered by attention, and errors can occur here.
It is important which project you choose - standard or individual. Fewer errors are allowed in standard projects, because houses were built on them more than once, and if any defects were detected, the project was corrected. Frequent miscalculations in design wooden houses with complex roofs. In structures made of wood, even dried to the indicators specified in SNiPs, there are still shifts in geometric dimensions from exposure to high or low temperatures and humidity. Wooden walls, rafters can change their dimensions by 2% during the year. If this fact is ignored during the design, then when the walls move by 5 mm on the roof in the area of adjacencies (in particular, in the valley), wind-hydroprotective and vapor barrier membranes begin to tear, which leads to leaks. A properly designed structural part of the project (using sliding fasteners, a certain type of rafters, etc.) avoids this mistake.
The working draft consists of the following documentation:
Before talking about the mistakes that happen in the first section, we recall that the AP includes:
Let's pay attention to the first item in the list of architectural solutions. The correct landing of the house on the site is one of the most important tasks of the architect. In order to successfully cope with it, he must receive from customers not only a plan of the site belonging to them, but also, if possible, plans of neighboring properties with buildings marked on them. And best of all, if the architect himself comes to your site to understand its features and take them into account during the design.
What is it for? In order to organically fit the building into the surrounding landscape; so that subsequently the windows of your living room do not go out onto a neighbor's garage or a blank fence; so that the shadow from a nearby cottage does not fall on your house, breaking its insolation, etc. This is especially important in the case when the building density of the territory is very high. The layout of the rooms should be planned in such a way that the windows of the living quarters “do not look” into the neighboring ones.
When designing wooden house it is important to consider that the distance to the neighboring (also wooden) building must be at least 15 m in accordance with fire safety rules
Before ordering a house project, the owners of the site, as a rule, already assume where exactly the cottage will stand. Some even insist on their point of view if their opinion does not coincide with the recommendations of the architect. Alas, such perseverance can lead to sad consequences. Here is one of the real life examples. The owner of the site built the house first on the territory to be built. The building is located in such a way that it is 1.5 m away from the border with the neighboring plot. And according to SNiP 30-02-97, this distance should be at least 3 m. And now the neighbor of this homeowner, who has started building his house, is suing the first by the developer who violated the requirements of the law. It is difficult to answer what such a trial will lead to. But the court has the right to order the demolition of a building erected without taking into account current regulations. If your site is so narrow that it is impossible to comply with the requirements of the SNiPs mentioned above, legal decision the question is still there. In the event that your neighbors do not mind that your cottage is 1.5-2 m from the border of the plots, their consent should be notarized. Now your construction will be protected by law.
When planning the architectural appearance of the house and determining its area, correlate them with the characteristics of the site. Often, the owners suffer from gigantomania, and as a result, a building of three or four floors grows on a small piece of land, occupying almost the entire territory. Alas, there is no beauty here. This can only be understood if an acute problem is solved in this way. housing problem several families of relatives. No matter how beautiful architectural plan no house was, but without the surrounding trees, bushes, flowering flower beds, it will look like a box. The ratio of buildings and landscaped areas of the site should be at least 50:50. Moreover, landscape designers are advised to make an advantage in favor of green spaces.
It is better to order an interior design and landscape design project at the same time as a house project in order to avoid moving sockets and switches, punching holes in the foundation, etc. in the future.
It is also important to correctly orient the cottage to the cardinal points. If the living room windows face south, the room is threatened with excessive insolation: furniture upholstery and curtains will quickly burn out, and indoor plants will have a hard time. Sometimes a house is designed in such a way that it is dark all day long. Only in the evening the sunset ray of the sun flashes - and that's it.
Another unfortunate option for the location of the building on the cardinal points: the living room is poorly lit, and the sun is already peeking into the bedroom at five o'clock in the morning in the summer. Experts advise orienting the windows of the living room and the nursery to the southeast, bedrooms to the west. The exception is the bedrooms for "larks" - their windows can look east. The dark and cold north side is suitable for the windows of bathrooms, a boiler room and other utility rooms. Sometimes the layout allows you to do without windows on this side of the house.
Another important point when planting a house on a site is taking into account the wind rose. If you neglect this, it may, for example, turn out that the terrace on which you planned to sunbathe or enjoy morning and evening tea drinking is blown by all the winds, and staying here is uncomfortable.
If the project is drawn up correctly and thoroughly checked (for this you can involve specialists from companies involved in construction expertise), in the future it is important to protect yourself from possible mistakes of builders. Far from always they know how to read the drawings and understand the nuances of certain designs. And sometimes they simply inattentively and negligently treat their work, which sometimes leads to completely ridiculous mistakes. For example, the foundation of the house is turned in the wrong direction, as a result of which the “front entrance” looks into the garden or the neighboring bathhouse.
In order not to encounter certain construction errors, enter a clause on architectural supervision (AN) in the contract with the architect. AN is the observation of the representative of the designer (architect) over the compliance of construction with project documentation. The functions of AN include: control of the correct execution design solutions(architectural, stylistic and planning) and compliance with construction technology; assistance in choosing building and finishing materials, giving recommendations on their use, etc.
We talked about possible mistakes in the architectural part of the project, we will consider typical mistakes in its constructive part. First of all, this is the wrong choice of the type of foundation. Competent designers will not take a step in calculations without geosurvey data. They need to answer a number of technical questions: what types of soils lie under the future building, how deep are groundwater, etc. To determine the physical and mechanical properties of soils, specialists from the organization that carries out engineering and geological surveys on the construction site and issuing an official conclusion. Their services are paid for (30,000-45,000 rubles or more, depending on the number of wells needed to take a soil sample) by the project customers.
As practice shows, quite a few of them refuse to spend money on these seemingly completely futile work. However, in regions with difficult soils (and the Moscow region also belongs to them), without the data obtained during the survey, it is difficult to develop an optimal foundation design for a particular site, as well as answer the question of whether it is advisable to make a basement and arrange a cellar, a sauna, a cinema hall there. etc. Savings on such research can lead in the future to the appearance of cracks in the foundation, its subsidence and other unpleasant consequences.
The cost of the foundation is approximately 15-20% of the cost of the box of the house, but the cost of reworking it reaches 50-70% of the total cost of construction
The right choice of material for the walls is also important. For example, not all developers know that it is better to build a house for seasonal living from wood, and not from brick. It is very difficult to warm up a brick structure after a long absence - this will take several days. And if you come only for the weekend, then there is no need to talk about a comfortable stay in the house during the cold season. The brick is hygroscopic, and therefore the walls that have collected moisture in the fall will freeze in the winter, which can lead to the gradual destruction of the masonry. Be sure to pay attention to the thickness of the walls that the architect lays in the project. So, brick walls must have a thickness of at least 52 cm. In addition, they must be insulated with heat-insulating material (layer - from 100 mm). All wooden houses do not meet modern requirements for thermal protection of residential buildings, therefore they also need to be insulated. Otherwise, you will have to spend significant amounts on heating. Are you ready for these expenses?
Next important element in the construction of the house - the roof. Of course, the complex geometry of the roof makes the architectural appearance of the house more interesting. But this is only one side of the coin. And here is the second: the likelihood of leaks increases, pockets are formed for the accumulation of snow, installation becomes more complicated and, finally, the cost of the project increases significantly. Experts in the field of building expertise unanimously argue: the simpler the shape of the roof, the better.
The more complex the geometry of the roof, the more protrusions and breaks on it, the higher the likelihood of leaks and the more difficult it is to maintain gutters
When working on a wooden house project, it is very important to take into account the shrinkage processes that will occur to it over several years. For example, the nominal shrinkage for a wall beam (any) is 25-30 mm per floor. So, when designing a truss structure, rigid fastening of the rafters to the walls of the house is unacceptable - in this case, sliding supports are used. If this is not done, then the rafters will burst the walls or the truss structures will bend, and the roof may leak. Rigid fixation of support pillars is also unacceptable, but meanwhile this can often be found. For their fastening, jacks should be used. Otherwise, the doors on the upper floors will stop opening and closing, or the wall beam will “open”. One of the typical mistakes is the incorrectly chosen distance between the beams of the interfloor ceiling (should be no more than 65 cm), as a result of which the ceiling turns out to be “unsteady”, weakened
Continuing to talk about the shortcomings in the constructive part of the project, let's focus on the toughest nut to crack - the stairs. The main error in the design of stairs is associated with non-compliance with the parameters of the angle of ascent and descent. on which the ease of use of the design depends. The slope of 30 ° is considered optimal, the width of the tread (the horizontal plane of the step) is 34-37 cm, the height of the riser (the vertical part of the step that closes the gap between adjacent treads) is 14-17 cm.
For those who are planning a pool in the house, we advise you to contact only highly qualified specialists who have been designing pools for at least five to seven years. Among the mistakes made when creating the design of these hydraulic structures, the most common is the violation of the organization of heating, ventilation, drainage, and power supply. Illiterately calculated air exchange system leads to mold and streaks on the walls, fogging of windows. And leaks in the pool can even destroy the foundation of the building. But there are some silly mistakes too. One of them is the organization of pool lighting with the help of lamps mounted in the ceiling above it. How to change a burned out light bulb? This will be possible only once every three to five years, with a full descent of water.
In addition to aesthetic advantages, your future home should be functional. Therefore, before signing the sketch, try to revive the picture created by the architect. The more such “revivals” occur, the fewer errors and rework you will encounter in the future.
One of the most common mistakes is the lack of a vestibule. It seems that they simply forget about it when designing. But for a house, especially a wooden one, the presence of a vestibule is very important, since it prevents the main rooms from cooling down. Its depth should be at least 1.2 m. Do not confuse the vestibule with the hallway or combine them. These two rooms serve different functions. There are no trifles in designing a cottage. Any oversight, flaw can lead to inconvenience. So, for example, for some reason, quite often they forget to arrange a canopy over the porch. As a result, when it rains, water fills the steps, in winter - snow falls asleep. And if the building has a low base, then the front door can also fall asleep with snow.
10 most common mistakes in the structural part of the project
| Normative document | Consequences of a mistake |
|
| Insufficient area of foundation vents | SNiP II-3-79 | The risk of moisture in structures and thermal insulation of the basement and the occurrence of mold. Subsequent destruction of the floor |
| No openings in basement partitions | SNiP II-3-79 | The same risks due to lack of ventilation, as well as difficulties in maintaining the underground space |
| Location of beams close to parallel walls | Not regulated | Difficulties in sealing - a “cold bridge” will inevitably arise |
| Lack of a hatch for access to the underground space | Not regulated | Difficulties in maintenance - there may be a situation when you have to urgently disassemble the floor |
| For wooden houses: shrinkage during design: ignoring the properties of the truss system, junctions of log and frame structures, junctions of stairs with ceilings | Not regulated | The appearance of gaps after a relatively short period of operation. Roof leakage. AT individual cases— structural deformations |
| Lack of attic space ventilation (in case of a cold attic) | SP 31-105-2002 | Risk of moisture and subsequent destruction of structures. The appearance of condensate leaks. Deterioration of thermal insulation properties |
| Lack of sealing instructions in the design documentation. First of all, this applies to vapor barrier films. | Not regulated | Incorrect vapor barrier device inevitably leads to loss of thermal insulation properties of the insulation |
| Lack of instructions on antiseptics and the use of certain protective and decorative coatings for wood | Various SNiPs give only general instructions about antiseptics. | The risk of biodestruction of wooden structures and loss of decorative effect |
| Lack of key solutions in interfaces with equipment elements (ventilation, heating, large-sized devices) | Not regulated | For example, due to the banal forgetfulness of the designers, there are no ducts for the passage of ventilation ducts or there is no additional reinforcement of the wall at the place where the storage water heater is attached. |
Private construction in Russia has recently been expanding more and more. More and more Russians prefer living in their own spacious houses to cramped apartments. But often built individual housing is unsuitable for permanent residence.
The reason for this is unprofessional construction, neglect of house design and planning. As a result, the heating system is not able to provide the house with sufficient heat; miscalculations are obvious when installing ceilings, truss systems, and the like. If you intend to build a capital a private house for permanent residence, you will be interested to know about the most common mistakes when drawing up a house plan
Drawing up a project for the construction of a private house, its location on the site largely depends on the results of geological surveys on land plot. Experts examine the soil for:
Depending on the characteristics of the soil on the site, one or another type of foundation is selected during the design, calculations are made that determine its size, depth of occurrence. But the depth and location of groundwater is of the greatest importance. As you know, they lie horizontally on the soil surface. But, in addition, there are also vertical underground channels. Such "water bald spots" can form entire islands on the site.
Naturally, with their constant instability, constant soil movements occur. Building on such patches is highly discouraged for a number of reasons. And, above all, because due to significant soil movements, the foundation of a residential building will collapse. Often, private traders neglect the preliminary planning of building a house, put the building “by eye”. Or engineering and geological surveys are carried out, but are done by non-professionals on a "blunder". What happens in such a case?
Then the planning of the location of the house is carried out incorrectly, errors in the calculations are embodied during construction. The resulting miscalculations are:
An important component of the project are the calculations of the heating system. If they are not made correctly, the following problems most often occur during its operation:
One of the main mistakes made in the design and development of a heating system is the wrong selection of equipment. This most often happens because of the desire to save money on the project. Private land owners choose standard projects on the Internet, where the heating system diagram is simplified. If the boiler is chosen incorrectly, a situation is possible when too much money is spent on fuel and equipment maintenance. The power of the boiler in this case exceeds the consumption of the system as a whole. Insufficient heating of residential premises in the cold season indicates, on the contrary, the low power of the heating boiler.
It is desirable to entrust the power of the equipment to a solid construction company, which in particular house design and associated with it engineering work. If you decide to calculate the power yourself, here's some good advice.
It is not necessary to make calculations based on the average formula: 1W of power per 1 m2 of area. Considering only the area of \u200b\u200bthe house is fundamentally wrong. When calculating, you should also take into account:
Due attention should be paid to the choice of pump for the heating system. A device of poor quality, incorrectly selected in terms of power, will disrupt the normal operation of the entire heating system. The most common mistake is choosing a pump based on the height of the house, the height of the heat supply pipes. But, in addition to these parameters, it is necessary to additionally take into account the area of \u200b\u200bthe living space, the diameter of the supply pipes. Owners of private houses have to pay large electricity bills in cases where a pump that is too powerful is installed, its speed is incorrectly selected.
With the wrong selection of radiators, the following problems are common:
When choosing radiators, one should not only take into account the width of the windows, but also their thermal power. It should be proportionate to the area of \u200b\u200bthe living quarters. Otherwise, the air in the house will either not warm up enough or overheat. When calculating the heat output of the radiator, the width of the walls and openings should be taken into account. Radiators that are too large do not necessarily provide sufficient heat levels in the home. It is quite possible that some of the sections of such batteries remain cold. In addition, situations are likely when normal water circulation is disturbed in large batteries. In this case, the air in the rooms does not warm up sufficiently.
Problems in the heating system may arise due to improper design of the installation of heating equipment. So, if the coolant flow is incorrectly chosen, air pockets form in the pipes and radiators. With a vertical arrangement of the pump shaft, the device quickly wears out and fails. If the pump is placed with the terminal box facing downwards, condensation begins to accumulate, which can eventually lead to a short circuit.
In undeveloped projects, or, more simply, sketches of private houses, water supply, sewerage drainage, and ventilation are often planned incorrectly. Private developers, using such plans, often make gross mistakes in practice.
Hot water problems may include:
The situation when hot water is supplied to only one tap arises in the event of an incorrect choice of the heating boiler. So when installing a double-circuit heating boiler, water is heated by the flow method. The higher the pressure in the tap, the faster the water heats up. In this case, the water supply is carried out only in one direction. In the absence of normal circulation in the water supply, when you turn on the tap, you have to wait for some time until the cold water drains. The result is a large loss of clean water, which flows into the sewer. Most often, a similar problem occurs if a double-circuit heating boiler is installed.
The normal temperature of hot water in a private house is 55 degrees Celsius. If the water overheats and reaches a level above 60 degrees Celsius, the wear of the entire hot water system increases. Metal pipes will soon begin to rust, plastic ones will delaminate. Breakthrough of water and sewer pipes is most likely if the depth of soil freezing was not taken into account at the planning stage of their laying. Pipes are installed "by eye", often above or at the level of the depth of soil freezing. As a result, in frosts, a natural expansion of the metal and a pipe break occur.
The most common sewerage design mistakes include:
The normal position of the sewer pipe is considered if it is located at the same angle of inclination. With a pipe cross section of 100 mm, it is 2%. When moving waste, their gradual self-cleaning occurs. If the slope of the sewer pipe is too small, self-cleaning does not occur; if the slope is too great, the pipes begin to make noise. If two sewer pipes are connected to each other in the kitchen floor or in another room, one of them may break. In the best case, you will have to replace the flooring. In the event of a leak in the basement, at the level of the basement, it is necessary to resort to a major overhaul.
If the sewer lines are too long, an unpleasant smell appears in the bathroom, in the kitchen. This situation occurs, for example, when water is sucked in for this reason from the siphon locking device. Normally, when at the bends of sewer pipes with a cross section of 150 mm, revision wells are every 15 m. If there are none, there will be frequent blockages in the pipes. In the absence of ventilation septic tank, sewer channels in the bathroom, kitchen sink, an unpleasant fetid odor appears. It is imperative to eliminate this problem, as the quality of life in a private house deteriorates over time.
Mistakes when planning a ventilation system are as follows:
Sometimes, instead of a ventilation duct, according to an unscrupulous project, an exhaust hole is installed. In this case, the problem of normal air circulation arises, since it is only possible to ventilate the premises. This situation is fraught with the appearance of mold, fungus on the walls and ceiling of the bathroom. The ventilation system cannot be installed in the rooms where the fireplace is located. Otherwise, the natural draft in the pipe is disturbed, carbon monoxide and soot spread throughout the living space.
The most common mistake when planning a house is its excessive size. Often there are many rooms in the house, where residents are only occasionally for cleaning. Such residential buildings are unprofitable from an economic point of view. We have to throw money into the pipe to heat extra square meters.
The internal layout of the premises in some projects is such that it is difficult for the owners to settle down in them. So, it is difficult to rationally place all the necessary equipment in the kitchen at 23 square meters. Walking space causes confusion and uncertainty. Too long corridor, which is lost somewhere in the distance, with numerous doors along the walls, does not add beauty and comfort. The feeling of a closed space is getting on your nerves. A large bedroom, living room, dining room require the right design. The average Russian cannot always afford the services of a specialist. So the unpretentious interior of the premises in immense square meters is lost.
Often the reason for the attraction to large rooms is beautiful and sophisticated interiors of rooms in glossy magazines and catalogs. In fact, a forlorn sofa and a small home theater form a small oasis in an overly spacious living room. The mood in such a room is unlikely to be upbeat.
Even with a normal layout, you can achieve disproportion in residential premises. This is due to the wrong choice of the width of the window openings. In some cases, they are too narrow, the windows are small. Little sunlight enters the rooms, resulting in a gloomy, gloomy atmosphere. At the other extreme, huge windows occupy almost all the walls. In such a house, it seems that the external environment merges with the living quarters. Especially the abundance of natural light interferes, creates discomfort in the bedroom, rest room.
Often the original image of the house is the main driving force for making it a reality. Architectural errors lead to the fact that in reality something awkward and disproportionate is obtained.
This applies in particular to buildings that are built in a modern style. Cubic and trapezoidal houses, with the miscalculations of the architect, acquire awkward outlines. Often the lower part is truncated to a minimum, and the upper part of the building is overloaded with details. As a result, the house seems to be turned upside down. Even if the proportions of the house are observed, the house often does not have expressiveness. This happens in cases where the entrance to the dwelling is not clearly expressed. It seems that the house is turned with a black facade, that the front doors are on the other side.
There is, on the contrary, exaggerated detail at the entrance to a private house. For example, in addition to columns with stucco, the porch is decorated with a tub with ornamental plants. It turns out a clear taste insipidity, and not the magnificent design of the main entrance. Some owners of private estates gravitate towards complex roofs with many decorative elements. Firstly, the installation of such structures costs a pretty penny. Secondly, in the numerous bends and creases of the roof, whole snowdrifts accumulate in winter, and water stagnates after rain. As a result, soon the beautiful roof starts to leak.
Breaking tectonics (or harmony) is one of the most common design mistakes. At first glance, the house seems quite harmonious, but it is somehow uncomfortable next to the building. The whole point here is that the architecture of the building does not fit in with the surrounding landscape. The house, which has a smooth outline, built from natural materials merges with nature, seems to be a natural island of coziness and comfort. A beautiful terrace or large veranda, as it were, invites residents to go out into the garden.
Do not save on the most important thing - planning your future home. A beautiful picture instead of a full-fledged project drawn up by professionals, plus their own lack of professionalism in the field of construction, gives a very deplorable result.
