Every car should have a garage, like a man's house. In room vehicle retains its characteristics better: parts do not fail and are not damaged by precipitation. If the room is heated, then there is no need to warm up the car in severe frosts, moreover, it is always dry in such a garage. Buy a garage or build your own? If you decide to build it on your own, start by choosing the right foundation. His right decision is a guarantee that the garage will be a really reliable and safe place.
The foundation for the garage can be:
In addition to the weight of the structure, the type of soil can influence the choice. If the base is strong and reliable, it is problematic to mount piles into it, a shallow-depth strip foundation is sufficient.
Since the structure is usually small in size, it is built according to the compiled schemes without serious calculations. Be sure to calculate the foundation for the garage, the depth of which determines its bearing capacity and strength during operation. How to determine this value?
The depth of laying depends on:
These factors are always taken into account when calculating foundations. The main indicator is precisely the magnitude of seasonal freezing, since it reflects the degree of heaving (expansion) of the soil. Therefore, the foundation depth (d) is determined by a simplified formula:
d = freezing depth in the region + 20% (m).
With a high level of groundwater, the reserve can not be provided, but special attention should be paid to the waterproofing of the foundation elements.
Be sure to take into account the additional distance for the installation of a gravel or sand cushion - 20-30 cm.
To determine the width, you need to know what the garage wall will be built from. The thickness of the foundation tape or grillage should exceed the wall by 20-30% (for a wall of 300 mm blocks, a width of 360-390 mm along the perimeter of the foundation is taken).
To determine the required height of the tape, you need to know what soils lie at the base, what is the mass of the future building and car. The foundation for the garage, the depth of which is determined by the amount of freezing, is assumed to be + 20-30 cm high to the obtained value. On average, for solid bases, they take 60-80 cm (total height from the sole to the top, excluding the pillow); for heaving - 1-1.5 meters.
The length of the piles is taken according to the principle: the depth of soil freezing + 1.5 meters, on average 2.5-4 meters are required.
The perimeter must be thought out in advance: the minimum possible length of the walls is 3 and 6 meters. It is optimal to build a garage with sides of 4 and 7 meters - in this there will be a place for free placement of a car and human movement. You can determine individual dimensions: add 1-1.5 m to the length and width of the machine (or another distance that is most suitable for you).
After drawing up diagrams and calculations of the dimensions of the structures, you can proceed with the installation. The strip foundation for the garage can be prefabricated and monolithic.
In any case, the first step is to dig a trench. Its width depends on the dimensions of the foundation wall and must have a margin of at least 0.5 m for ease of installation. The height is determined by ready-made calculations, taking into account the depth for the pillow device.
The calculation of finished blocks can be done quite simply: for this, it is necessary to determine the number of wall elements according to ready-made schemes, based on catalogs construction products suppliers (there you will find out the sizes of the elements).
The fragments are laid in a checkerboard pattern, connecting them with a cement-sand mortar. Pay special attention to waterproofing: in the presence of groundwater, the outer walls of the foundation should be treated with several layers of roofing material or coating material.
Most often, the construction of a foundation for a garage is done on its own and makes it monolithic. It is cheaper financially, but it will take longer to work with this. Action algorithm:
After 14 days, under favorable conditions, the stone gains about 70% of its strength and is ready for further work.
For lightweight garages, the simplest, not so massive foundations are arranged. The use of screw piles is optimal, the advantages of which are:
For the foundation, piles with a diameter of 89-108 mm are used. The length is determined based on the depth of freezing of the soil, the features of the terrain, and they take a margin of up to 1.5 meters for deepening and 0.5 m for a protrusion above the ground. The quantity is calculated conditionally: in the corners by 1, along the perimeter in increments of 1.0 - 2 meters evenly. For a perimeter of 7x4 m, about 14 piles are needed, for a garage of 3x6 m - 10-12 pillars.
There is a method in which the length of the piles is taken not to the floor level, but to the roof. Then the height of the room is added to the main calculation.
The foundation on piles for a garage is arranged according to the following algorithm:
This is used very rarely, since its device is very expensive: a large amount of concrete and reinforcement throughout the volume are required. A foundation for a garage in the form of a slab is necessary if there is a lot of groundwater in the area and their level is quite high, as well as when heaving soils(clay, dusty) and bulk bases. Suitable for the base under any wall.
Its important advantage is the combination of the supporting base and the floor.
The thickness of the plate can be different and depends on the mass of the car and the degree of heaving of the soil. One-Stop Solution is a 20 cm concrete base device. This will withstand an SUV and is able to resist seasonal soil changes.
The foundation for the garage is set as follows:
1) They dig a pit with a depth of 30-40 cm and a width of 50 cm more than the perimeter of the slab on each side for the convenience of work.
2) Backfill with gravel or ASG with a thickness of about 20-25 cm. It will act as a drainage cushion.
3) If necessary, arrange a drainage ditch around the perimeter: its bottom is lined with geotextiles and sprinkled with gravel.
4) The drainage layer is covered with 2 layers of roofing material for waterproofing, on top of which polystyrene foam boards are laid for insulation.
5) Install the formwork and reinforcement cage.
6) Produce concrete pouring.
The foundation for a garage can be different, now you are able to independently choose the right type and independently carry out work on the foundation of the future garage.
5 / 5 ( 1 voice )
Car owners are serious about building a garage and often do it themselves. If the foundation of the future building is made taking into account building requirements, then the shrinkage of the structure will occur evenly, and cracks will not appear on the walls. Knowing how to properly pour the foundation for the garage, you can ensure the durability and reliability of the future building.
Performing the preparation of the foundation, pouring the site for the car - affordable work even for people who have not encountered construction. We will get acquainted with the features of performing these operations. Before starting construction, decide on the type of foundation, the features of the fill, take into account the mass of the structure, the characteristics of the soil. There are no trifles in this matter, the size of the garage for the car and the height of the base are also important. Everything must be planned in advance! With this approach, you will predict future costs and avoid problems during the operation of the building, as well as during the construction process. Let's consider in detail the stages of work.
The foundation is the so-called "sole" of the building, it must have balance, stability and compensate for all power loads
Before proceeding to earthworks, perform a set of preliminary measures:
The next step is earthworks: with the help of a peg and a rope, you need to make the exact boundaries of future trenches, they will help to properly fill the foundation of the garage and not distort the “base”
Before starting concrete work and digging trenches, analyze the type of soil on which the concrete platform for the room will be located. The type of soil determines the depth of the trench, which depends on the density of the soil. The recommendations are:
Assessing the soil, remember the main thing - the garage is installed on a solid foundation.
What to choose the basis for the construction of the garage? Before you pour the foundation for the garage with your own hands, you need to choose the right option. Consider the possible types of bases:
Survey work determines the depth and method of pouring the garage base, because groundwater can behave unpredictably
It is important to ensure the convenience of entering the premises, try to avoid the involvement of heavy lifting equipment and hired workers. Fulfillment of these requirements will significantly reduce costs.
The tape base of a monolithic structure is a popular option for a garage room with standard dimensions. Car owners who prefer this basis are attracted by simplicity and affordable price.
To properly fill the foundation for the garage, use a removable formwork
The sequence of measures for the construction of a strip foundation corresponds to a proven algorithm:
Every motorist knows that a high-quality foundation for a garage is the key to its durability and reliability. It depends on him what it will be. You can order the construction of such a structure from professionals, but in our country men are used to doing everything on their own. Therefore, in the article we will look at how to make a foundation for a garage with your own hands with high quality and inexpensively.
Before you think about how to properly fill the foundation for a garage, you need to decide on its type. Today in our country it is customary to use the following types of garage foundations:
The strip foundation for the garage is a reinforced concrete structure laid in the ground in the form of a strip. Today, this type of foundation is the most popular and widespread, since you can do it yourself.
A monolithic base for a garage premise implies the presence of one solid slab, which is both the base of the garage and its floor. This type the foundation is most often used only in cases where construction is planned in difficult conditions - the presence of a swampy soil structure, shallow groundwater or heaving of the earth. Compared with other types of foundation, the monolith can be considered the most reliable and stable. However, it also has a number of disadvantages - the complexity of technical calculations and the costly part of construction.
The columnar base of the garage is the deepening of special asbestos-cement or metal poles deep into the ground, which perform the function of support. The arrangement of such a foundation requires small physical and time costs (no more than a day, subject to four working hands). At the same time, you can erect the walls of the garage immediately after installing the piles.
Before you make the foundation for the garage, you need to create a project for the future building. When forming it, the following indicators should be taken into account:
Since the tape base is considered the most common and easiest to perform, using its example we will consider how to fill the foundation for a garage with our own hands.
The following tools will come in handy:
Of the materials needed:
Before marking the foundation for the garage, you need to clean the working area from debris and fertile soil. Then, with the help of pegs, it is necessary to mark the corners of the future base of the garage. Between the hammered pegs, it is required to stretch a fishing line or marking cord along the entire perimeter of the planned foundation. It is also recommended to lay the diagonals of the obtained angles - at the place of their intersection, by the presence of curved angles, errors and bevels can be detected.
The trench for the foundation digs to a depth of 60 cm. Its width will directly depend on the width of the walls in the garage - often it is 10-20 cm larger. You can dig a trench yourself, or you can use an excavator.
In order for the foundation of the garage to stand firmly, its base must be strengthened with a special “pillow”. In the case of a strip foundation, the “cushion” is made of crushed stone and sand. Sand of large fractions is poured at the bottom of the trench and filled with water. The layer of compacted sand should be at least 10 cm. Then fine-grained gravel is poured onto tightly squeezed sand and also compacted tightly. The layer of crushed stone must be at least 10 cm.
It’s not at all difficult to pour the foundation for a garage with your own hands, but making the formwork yourself correctly is another matter. In the process of completing this task, maximum attention and experience will be required, since all details of the formwork must be perfectly executed. Therefore, most often beginners order the manufacture of formwork from professionals. Its height should be equal to the height of the foundation or be slightly higher than it. The material for its manufacture can serve as boards, chipboard, FSF. From the inside, the resulting structure is recommended to be laid out with a dense plastic wrap.
To make a solid foundation for a garage with your own hands, it is advisable to reinforce its structure. Such a procedure will strengthen the reinforced concrete structure and protect it from the pressure of the weight of the garage and soil shifts. A garage whose foundation will be made of metal reinforcement is considered more stable than a building with plastic or composite rod reinforcement. It is better to fix the bars together manually with reinforcing wire and reinforcing pliers. Welding is allowed to be used only for fittings marked "C".
The metal frame of the garage foundation must be placed inside the concrete structure, since metal corrosion is inevitable as a result of stone crumbling. To fix the reinforcement, most often they use special glasses or other supports that allow it to be located at a height of 5 cm from the edge of the tape.
First, two metal bars with a diameter of 1 cm are laid parallel to each other at the bottom of the trench at a height of 5 cm. Using a step of 40-50 cm, the bars must be periodically fastened. Then the same bars must be placed vertically. Their coupling should take place with the same pitch as that of the horizontal bars. The upper horizontal bars are already attached to the installed vertical ones. In order to properly make a foundation for a garage with your own hands, and prevent its destruction, do not forget about the distance from the upper edge of the tape to the upper horizontal reinforcement.
Most often, the foundation is poured from a home-made mortar (10 kg of cement, 30 kg of sand, 40 kg of crushed stone and 40 liters of water). Crushed stone is best used fine-grained, as it is easier to compact.
Attention! Filling the entire perimeter of the tape at once is wrong. Professionals recommend pouring the solution in layers - 20-30cm each layer.
In order for the foundation filled with your own hands to adhere well, you need to wait until each of the layers dries. If work is carried out during the cold season, do not artificially dry the concrete. If the construction takes place in a very hot time, it is advisable to water the poured concrete with water and shelter from the wind and sun.
In the process of pouring the solution, it is necessary to ensure that voids do not form. To do this, you can use a deep vibrator or pierce the filled solution with a sharp bayonet.
Even a person who does not have special knowledge in the construction business will say with confidence that a capital structure must be built on a solid foundation. A building such as a garage is no exception. The quality of use and the service life of the building depend on the foundation. And you will not doubt the strength of the foundation made by yourself.
The need for a foundation is undeniable, as it gives the building stability and maintains the integrity of the walls. In a building such as a garage, a concrete base isolates all objects in the room from moisture coming from the ground. In a garage without a foundation, the metal parts of the car are prone to rapid corrosion.
The basis for buildings can be:
As a natural base, the soil under the foundation of the garage can be used, which, by its natural characteristics, is able to ensure the stability of the structure. The composition of the soil, which has these features, comes across infrequently, so it requires additional strength, that is, the laying of an artificial foundation.
A reliable foundation for a garage is necessary when the soil in the area is unstable or has other features that further affect the integrity of the building structure.
Before proceeding to construction work to install the foundation, it is necessary to study the properties and qualities of the soil. Since there are several types of it, not all of them are suitable for the construction of structures.
There are various methods to improve the quality of the soil, which help to make its properties suitable for foundation installation.
The main types of soil are:
If we talk about the reliability of the foundation, then the rocky type of soil is the best option for building a garage. It is presented in the form of hardened volcanic ejecta and rock mixtures, tightly pressed against each other. It lies in a continuous or fissured massif. This soil is ready for the construction of a garage on its surface, without installing a foundation.
Coarse clastic soil contains gravel, as well as fragments of crystalline formations. The peculiarity of this soil is that it consists of 50% fragments and grains exceeding 2 mm. Unlike the previous type of soil, it does not consist of a solid structure.
Since the size of the constituent coarse-clastic soils is different, it is customary to divide them into types:
The foundation for a garage in such soil should be deepened by 50 cm.
Sandy soil is one of the main ones. It contains about 50% of the material with a cross section of more than 2 mm. A distinctive feature of this soil is flowability and lack of plasticity. Under the influence of moisture and load, this soil tends to be heavily compacted.
One of the unfavorable soils for laying the foundation for a garage is clay soil. He reacts to different conditions: it may shrink when dry, high degree humidity - form landslides, and swell at low temperatures. This happens because the structure of the clay soil has a scaly shape with cavities. Due to this, moisture accumulates in the pores of the clay, which contributes to the viscosity of the entire soil. In this case, it is necessary to install a pile foundation, and the laying should be carried out below the freezing level.
The high content of plant residues in peatlands makes this soil unreliable for the construction of foundations. As a rule, this soil is highly moistened and differs in that it tends to shrink unevenly. This characteristic makes it practically unsuitable for building a strong foundation. If there is a need to build on this soil, then it is replaced with sandy. This case involves the installation of a foundation in the form screw piles. Perhaps this foundation will be the only way out of this situation.
When building a garage, various materials are used. The most popular of them, with all the necessary characteristics, are:
Cinder blocks are a very popular material for the construction of the foundation and walls of small buildings. In its manufacture, a cinder-concrete mixture is used, consisting of sand, ash, fine particles of gravel, expanded clay, slag. Due to its relative strength and easy masonry, this material is widely used for laying foundations for garages.
Cinder blocks are made hollow and solid. Empty blocks differ in the volume of hollow cells. Solid blocks must be used for the foundation of the garage.
Cinder blocks used as a foundation have their advantages:
The foundation of cinder blocks has its drawbacks:
The most common materials for laying the foundation include foam block. It is one of the types of cellular foam concrete. In the manufacture of the foam block, cement, sand and water are used, to which a foaming agent is added.
The advantages of this material are as follows:
The disadvantages of foam blocks include the following:
The use of expanded clay concrete base allows you to design buildings higher than for the base of foam blocks.
The base with the use of this material is expressed in the following positive criteria:
The disadvantages of expanded clay concrete base include:
The strip foundation has the form of a reinforced concrete structure located along the intended perimeter. This foundation can be made from various building materials: brick, concrete blocks or be a monolithic concrete base.
The service life of the base depends on the material used when laying it:
The advantages of the tape base include the following:
The disadvantages of this foundation include the following criteria:
The durability of the foundation is directly related to the correct calculation. The uniform distribution of the weight of the structure on the ground depends on this. Failure to comply with these conditions will entail unpleasant consequences in the form of additional monetary costs for correcting deformations of the building or repairing your car. Given these points, before building the foundation, it is necessary:
To make an accurate calculation of the parameters for the foundation for a garage, it is necessary to know the characteristics of the soils occurring at the construction site. The depth of the foundation for this building is determined by the distance of the freezing point from the surface of the earth.
Below is a table with the values of soil loads:
For a more convenient calculation of the load on the soil, you can use the values in the table to apply a simple formula:
S=U/R, where S is the area of the base, U is the weight acting on it, R are the measured values of soil changes. All parameters U and R are determined by standardized tables.
When laying the foundation, regardless of the characteristics of the soil, it is necessary to adhere to the basic rule - the foundation must rest on solid ground located below the freezing point. The only exception is clay soil and peat bogs. In this case, it is advisable to use a pile foundation.
If the soil freezes from 10 to 30 cm, then the depth of the base can be made about 40 cm. It should be borne in mind that a pillow of gravel and sand is needed under the foundation, the thickness of which must be at least 40 cm.
For a building such as a garage, the following types of foundation are used:
The calculation of the required amount of concrete for this foundation is carried out by calculating according to the following formula: S=3.14 R², where S is the volume of the required amount of concrete in m³, R is the radius or perimeter of the pile column. The resulting figure must be multiplied by the length and total number of concrete pillars (piles).
If you use these computational techniques, you can easily calculate the consumption of concrete in cubic meters.
To find out how much mixture is required per pile, it is necessary to determine its diameter and length. As an example, the pile diameter will be 0.1 m and its length 2 m. These parameters must be applied to the formula 3.14 0.1² = 0.0314. The resulting figure must be multiplied by the length of the pile: 0.0314 2 \u003d 0.0628 m³ - this is how much is needed to make one concrete pile. Now it is easy to calculate how much concrete will be needed for all piles. To do this, it is necessary to multiply 0.0628 by the number of holes prepared for piles.
To calculate the right amount of concrete required for a strip base, you must have information about the height and width of the strip. Because she is rectangular shape, its area is determined by multiplying these indicators. To determine the volume of the foundation, it will be necessary to multiply its cross-sectional area by the length of the strip base. The total value of the tape structure consists of the sum of all the volumes of the parts of the tape. The calculation of each part of the base is carried out according to the following formula: V=S·L, where S is the cross-sectional area of the tape in meters, L is the length of the tape base in meters. It is easiest to make calculations if the tape around the entire perimeter has the same cross section. If it is equal to 0.16 m², with a length of 24 m, then by substituting these numbers into the formula, you get the following: V \u003d 24 0.16 \u003d 3.84 m³. As a result, it became known how many cubes of concrete mix are needed for a strip foundation. This option is only suitable for calculations of a tape with the same cross section.
How to determine the amount of solution if the tape base has a different cross section? To do this, you need to multiply, and then add the results, and the resulting figure will indicate the amount of consumption of the concrete mixture. If the section of the base is 0.16 m² with a tape length of 14 m, 0.2 m² with a length of 6 m and 0.25 m² with a length of 8 m, then by applying these dimensions to the formula, you can see the following example: V = 14 0, 16+6 0.2+8 0.25=5.44 m³.
To calculate the required amount of concrete for a slab foundation, use the formula: V=S·H, where S is the total area of the slab foundation, H is its required thickness. If it is necessary to create a slab foundation with a length of 12 m, a width of 8 m and a height of 0.15 m, then in the formula these values \u200b\u200bare as follows: V \u003d 12 8 0.15 \u003d 14.4 m³.
In the event that a basement is provided in the garage, it will not be difficult to calculate the required amount of concrete. For this, the formulas used in calculating the slab base are useful. If its estimated length is 6 m, width is 3 m, the thickness of the base and walls is 0.15 m, and the height of the walls is 2 m, you need to make a calculation for the base and each wall, and then add the results.
From this it follows: 3 6 0.15 \u003d 2.7 m³ - concrete mixture is necessary for the base.
Now you need to calculate the required volume of concrete for each wall. To do this, its length should be multiplied by the height and thickness: 6 2 0.15 \u003d 1.8 m³. Since there are two similar walls in the basement, the value must be multiplied by two: 1.8 2 \u003d 3.6 m³.
In the same way, we calculate the other two walls: 3 2 0.15 \u003d 0.9 2 \u003d 1.8 m³. The volume of concrete for each individual wall and base is found. Now you need to calculate the total volume. To do this, add up all the results: 2.7 + 3.6 + 1.8 \u003d 8.1 m³ - this amount of concrete is needed to install the base and basement walls.
To lay the foundation, you will need the following tools:
As mentioned earlier, the design of the garage can be applied different types foundations such as:
The location of each type of base must be marked with a measuring tape, pegs with cast-offs and a cord. Wooden planks nailed to pegs act as cast-offs. The height of the pegs must be at least 50 cm from the ground. The cord is attached to a driven nail in a cast-off. Two parallel cords, the distance between which should be 40 cm, define the area of \u200b\u200bthe future trench. Then, depending on the type of foundation, holes, a pit or a trench are dug.
When the type of foundation is chosen correctly, taking into account the characteristics of the soil, you can be sure of the reliability of the foundation for the garage.
When constructing any garage, it is necessary to take care of its foundation, on which the strength and durability of the entire structure will depend. it is not difficult to do it yourself, but it is worthwhile to determine in advance the type of soil, working conditions. For modern garage almost any design is possible, among the varieties the tape one stands out, which is very easy to manufacture, it does not take much time to build.
One of the most best options the construction of the foundation for the garage is a strip foundation, which is extremely simple and highly reliable. It is a concrete tape, which is poured around the perimeter of the future building to a height above the ground level of 10 cm. How to build such a foundation with your own hands, we will consider in more detail below.
It is considered one of the most durable, but the costs for it are quite large. Such a foundation is suitable for almost any type of soil, for its construction it is necessary to have a certain depth, reinforce the space, and then fill it with concrete. The result is a monolithic slab that can withstand heavy loads.
If the soil is unstable, then it is best to install a slab floating foundation, which is able to properly distribute all the loads, prevent the destruction of the structure and the garage itself.
The pile foundation is rarely used, only if the construction is carried out on unstable ground. Such a foundation is being erected using metal pipes poured with concrete, which are installed to a depth below the freezing level of the soil. It is recommended to use a pile-screw type of foundation; after mounting the supports, the construction of a reinforced concrete grillage is required. The height above the ground should not be large, as the garage will simply be inconvenient to use.
Back to index
It is considered an economical, but very durable design. The process of its construction is as follows:
It is an ideal option if construction must be carried out on weak, unreliable, complex soils. It allows you to withstand significant loads, soil vibrations. The do-it-yourself base is the following "pie":
A similar floating foundation for a garage can be:
Back to index
Before building a foundation for a garage, you should first determine the type of soil. This will provide the structure with stability, strength, and the ability to withstand loads. Consider the main types of soil, the possibility of building on them:
Back to index
Most often, a strip foundation is placed for garages, since this option is not only simpler, but also cheaper, and is not inferior in strength to the others. For loam and sandy loam, the depth of the tape will be 40-70 cm, for gravel soil - about 50 cm. If construction is planned on a rocky foundation, then the site should simply be leveled, and then the building should be placed directly on the ground.
To build a strip foundation, you must follow the following procedure:
