Statistics are stubborn things. Whatever they say about wooden housing construction, it is always better to operate with specific figures. As they say, without fear and reproach. Especially relevant statistics in connection with recent events. Recall. The Ministry of Construction of Russia plans to establish quotas for the use of wooden housing construction products within the framework of government programs for construction. After the meeting working group with the participation of the Ministry of Industry and Trade and the Ministry of Natural Resources, it was decided to assess the level of development of wooden housing construction in each Russian subject. In addition, it is planned to study the needs for the use of wooden structures in the construction of social infrastructure facilities. There was also talk about mortgage lending aimed at stimulating wooden housing construction. In other words, wooden construction ready to give the green light. In order to understand the conditions in which we are, that is, what situation will become the starting point if positive decisions are made, let's look at the construction statistics in Russia, get acquainted with the results of the 9th International Congress on Timber Construction, which was held last December in St. Petersburg and was organized by the Association of Wooden House Building.
General indicators
First of all, it is necessary to voice the dynamics of the volume of housing commissioned in Russia as a whole for the period 2005-2014, and not only those built using wood. In fact, on the presented graph, we see growth, which is interrupted by the 2008 crisis. In 2009-2010 on a number of indicators, a decrease in the commissioning of new housing was noted, however, even taking into account these changes, the total volume remained higher than the results of the previous 2005-2006. The provision of housing for the population over the past 10-15 years has been steadily increasing by an average of 1.8-2.0% per year. At the moment it is about 24 sq. m / person, which, however, is 2-3 times inferior to the most developed countries peace.
According to the results recent years the share of individual housing construction is a little more than 30% of the total area of housing being built. Curiously, at the same time, for each constructed a private house there are 4 apartments in new buildings. If, at the end of 2013, we draw a comparative line between the annual dynamics of the number of commissioned apartments and private houses, then in the end it turns out that the construction industry is slightly ahead of individual housing construction: 10.9% versus 7.9%, respectively.
The dynamics of the construction of private houses made of wood repeats the so-called. the general line of the dynamics of housing construction in Russia
In the field of individual housing construction, and in particular wooden housing construction, following the results of 2014, similar growth trends were noted. There is an increase in the growth rate in the total number of houses built - up to 18.4% against 7.9% in 2013; in terms of the number of wooden houses - up to 8.9% (2014) against 5.2% (2013), respectively; for the total area of individual housing construction commissioned - up to 18.2% (2014) against 8.1% (2013); for the leased area of houses made of wood - up to 9.0% (2014) against 4.6% (2013).
In 2013, more than 225,000 individual houses with a total area of 30.7 million square meters. m; of which wood houses account for almost 80 thousand (36%) and 7.4 million square meters. m, respectively (24%).
Leading regions in the field of wooden housing construction
It is curious that the leading regions in the field of private wooden housing construction, in general, remained the same. The first place has been confidently held by the Republic of Bashkortostan for many years, where more than 7 thousand houses with a total area of more than 700 thousand square meters are steadily built every year. m. In 2014, significant growth was noted in the Novosibirsk and Leningrad regions, Krasnoyarsk Territory, where, compared to 2013, 1.5-2 times more houses made of wood were built.
In regions with harsh climates, wooden houses accounts for more than half of the total structure of individual housing construction, which is, of course, quite natural. For example, in the Republics of Komi, Sakha, Tuva, Buryatia, Karelia, Altai; in the Arkhangelsk and Irkutsk regions; in the Trans-Baikal Territory specific gravity houses with wood wall materials range from 70% to 94%.
Bashkortostan confidently leads in the field of wooden housing construction
In many regions with milder weather conditions, the popularity of wood is dictated to a greater extent by the existing traditions of wooden architecture: Vologda, Novgorod, Kostroma, Pskov, Yaroslavl, Smolensk regions and Bashkortostan (leading region - see above), where houses made of wood account for 50 -70% of the total number of built individual houses.
The named subjects of the federation account for almost half of all IZHS built using wood as the main wall material. Moreover, the main contribution is made by the top ten (from Bashkortostan to the Kaluga region), which account for about 40% of the commissioned construction areas.
On average, in Russia in 2014, 55.3 square meters were built. m of wooden houses for 1 thousand people.
IZHS materials and the proportion of wood
Wood is the leading material in low-rise construction
The structure of individual housing construction, depending on the wall materials used in 2013, did not undergo major changes. As before, the most popular materials (wood, bricks and blocks) account for more than 75% both in terms of the number of houses built and in terms of total area - 81% and 78%, respectively.
However, compared to 2013, absolute terms more housing of almost all types was put into operation. For example, for the leading materials, the growth indicators were as follows: 11.6 thousand more houses were built from bricks (1.3 million sq. M), from blocks - by 5 thousand (540 thousand sq. M), from wood - 7 thousand houses more (the total area increased by 670 thousand sq. m.).
About prices and demand
Houses priced at 2-3 million rubles are in the greatest demand.
Over the past three years, the share of inexpensive houses has been growing in the structure of demand. So, for houses worth up to 2 million rubles. in 2012 it accounted for 16.7%, in 2013 - already 28.6%, and in 2014 - as much as 33%. At the same time, the demand for houses worth more than 4 million rubles is declining. For houses worth up to 3 million rubles. accounts for 59% of demand.
The most popular areas of the house are mainly located in the range of 110-200 square meters. m - 63% of demand. Also in the last three years there has been a tendency to increase in the structure of demand for houses with an area of up to 150 square meters. m. In 2012, their combined share was 38%, in 2013 - 48%, in 2014 - 51%. Thus, in 2014 the trend of demand change towards smaller houses with a smaller purchase budget continued.
Finally
The average annual level of increase in the volume of construction of houses from wood wall materials is at the level of 600 thousand square meters. m. However, the development of wooden housing construction is uneven, which indicates growth prospects.
Additional information: www.npadd.ru
The collection was prepared on the basis of data received by the state statistics authorities from enterprises and organizations through continuous and selective statistical observations and business surveys.
Provided information reflecting the situation in building complex. The data on the amount of work performed by the type of activity "Construction", financial indicators activities construction organizations, data on the number of employees and differentiation wages employees of construction organizations by groups of professions and positions, the needs of employers of construction organizations in workers, on the level and dynamics of prices in the construction activities, indicators of the state of the material and technical base of organizations engaged in construction activities, production and import of the most important types of products for construction activities, export and import of construction services, materials of sample surveys of business activity of construction organizations.
The collection contains information on the volume, dynamics and structure of investments in fixed assets, the results of surveys of the investment activity of organizations, the activities of organizations in the field of financial leasing, the commissioning of fixed assets, production capacity, residential buildings and objects of the social sphere, the implementation of individual federal targeted programs, the state of fixed assets, housing stock.
The data in the collection are given as a whole for Russian Federation, as well as background information includes indicators characterizing the construction and investment activity in several countries of the world.
Statistical data in the context of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation since 2014 have been allocated in a separate electronic application.
The collection is published once every two years, since 2014 - only in electronic form.
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Construction industry
Definition 1
Construction activity as an economic branch creates new, expands, reconstructs and restores existing fixed assets. The end products of construction are: buildings, structures, as well as other production and non-production facilities ready for commissioning.
Construction activities are carried out by:
The features of construction that distinguish it from other economic sectors are:
Construction as an economic branch includes the following activities:
A significant part of the final product is accounted for by activities related to the construction industry. The final product in this case may have a subject form or the form of production work. Products construction industry also subdivided into finished items and work in progress.
The end products of design and estimate activities are projects of structures and buildings, consisting of complexes of technical and economic documentation for construction projects, as well as general schemes for the development of regions, etc.
Remark 1
Accounting for construction products can be carried out both in kind and in value terms.
Definition 2
Construction statistics is an industry economic statistics, which studies the quantitative aspects of the phenomena and processes of a socio-economic nature occurring in the field of construction production and associated with capital investments in construction, modernization, expansion, technical re-equipment of fixed assets, under specific conditions of time and place, to determine the patterns and trends inherent in these phenomena development.
Building statistics deals with the study of how reproductive processes fixed assets, and their results.
The main statistical indicators of construction:
Construction statistics is developing a methodology for statistical observation, generalization and analysis of reliable and substantiated statistical information on construction indicators in order to identify key areas and determine reserves for increasing the efficiency of application capital investments and development of construction industry.
In the statistical study of the construction industry, the following types of statistical observation are used: specially organized observation and reporting.
The main organizational form of statistical observation in construction statistics is reporting, which is transmitted in the form of reports in accordance with approved forms to government bodies by all developers, construction, construction and installation, design and survey organizations.
Reporting can be:
The objects of observation in construction statistics are shown in Figure 1.
Figure 1. Objects of observation of construction statistics. Author24 - online exchange of student papers
The tasks of construction statistics are:
As mentioned above, accounting for construction products is carried out in physical and value terms. In physical terms, construction products are taken into account at all stages of readiness. Assembly or simple construction works, structural elements are taken into account in physical units. Data on such work can be found in the work logs, work orders, accumulative statements.
Natural indicators of construction products are:
The main indicator of construction statistics is the gross output of the construction industry. This indicator is equal to the cost of construction, installation, repair and other work performed by organizations and enterprises in an economic or contract way, it also includes the cost of work related to individual construction.
To solve statistical problems in the field of construction when summarizing statistics data importance has a grouping method that allows you to describe the process of reproduction of fixed assets in all its diversity under modern economic conditions, as well as describe the components of capital investments, development National economy, determine the direction of this development and solve other statistical problems.
The grouping of construction by economic purpose, by type of production, by industry is of the greatest importance.
