The date of foundation of the railway system of Russia is considered to be 1837. The first canvas was laid between the then capital of the empire, St. Petersburg, and Tsarskoye Selo. Almost two centuries later, railway lines cover the entire country, providing not only freight, but also passenger transportation to almost anywhere in our Motherland. For this, 86,151 kilometers of rail have been laid to date, and this figure is constantly increasing.
It has traditionally developed that in our country rail transport is used more intensively than, for example, in Europe. The railway in Russia connects many cities and has 510 major stations, 45 of which are of particular importance.
For information: The Russian railway system is the second longest in the world and is second only to the United States of America. But thanks to the active use of more than half of the railway line, it makes our country one of the world leaders.
The largest and most famous company in the field of railways is Russian Railways OJSC. The organization was founded 15 years ago and is currently actively developing. It includes 17 railways, it brings the state an income of 180 billion rubles annually. Also, Russian Railways has many branches and subsidiaries to provide suburban passenger and freight traffic.
Railways of Russia and neighboring countries
The government closely monitors the development of this industry, which is very important for the normal functioning of many sectors of the economy. New facilities are put into operation and additional canvases are being laid. The rolling stock is being modernized - old trains are being replaced with new ones, which ensures greater speed and comfort of movement. More detailed information you can find out about trains and tickets on the official website of Russian Railways online.
Important! Today, railways use locomotives, wagons and other vehicles issued in the Soviet Union. But gradually there is a replacement for new equipment produced at Uralvagonzavod and other enterprises.
Import expresses are also used:
The policy of railway companies aimed at improving the quality of services provided to passengers makes it possible to conveniently get to any region of our vast Motherland. Below are the rail coverage schemes that are relevant for 2018, which will allow you to more carefully plan your travel route.
RZD logo
The map of Russian railways is very large. It is divided into main sections, which are subordinate to Russian Railways. Its branches provide railway communication in the regions. Below is a summary of all the railways of the Russian Federation with detailed maps:
Attention! The official website where you can find out more information about buying tickets, train schedules and a list of stations - http://ozd.rzd.ru
Trans-Siberian Railway
Separately, it is worth mentioning two highways - the Baikal-Amur (BAM) and the Trans-Siberian:
For people who want to look at complete map railway tracks in Russia, make the final choice to determine the best way, using modern technologies. At the moment, one of the most convenient services that allows you to zoom and navigate from point A to point B is the Google Maps application.
Route on Google
What he can do:
To get directions, follow these steps:
Railway lines run throughout Russia. Passengers and cargo are transported along them, and in terms of length these lines are second only to US roads. Today, the total mileage of Russian railways reaches 86,151 kilometers.
In terms of intensity of use, the railway networks surpass all European countries. Due to its large size, the Russian railway map is divided into sections subordinate to Russian Railways.
It is believed that the first Russian railways appeared in 1837. At that time, railroads were laid between St. Petersburg and Tsarskoye Selo. Today, networks of railway lines run throughout the territory of the Russian Federation, cross rivers and the borders of other countries. On the map of Russian Railways tracks in Russia, you can see that by train you can get to almost any locality in the country. The length of the rails is more than 2 times longer than the length of the equator.
AT Russian Federation There are 510 large stations, 45 of which are special-purpose. The longest train route in the world passes through Russia and Ukraine. This is the Kharkiv - Vladivostok route, the length of which is 9722 km. Many road sections are electrified to enable the movement of electric locomotives, electric trains and electric sections. A map of the electrification of Russian railways can be viewed and downloaded on the Internet.
The most famous railway company in the country is "Russian Railways". It was created more than 15 years ago and is actively developing today. Russian Railways has branches and subsidiaries that provide commuter, passenger and freight trains. It includes 17 major highways, and the annual profit is 180 billion rubles.
The railway industry is one of the highest priorities in the country, the development of which is closely monitored by Russian government. The functioning of most sectors of the economy depends on its condition. Currently, new highways are being laid and additional facilities are being put into operation.
Although most of the existing wagons and locomotives were produced back in the Soviet Union, today the old equipment is being replaced by a new one, which has a high speed of movement and good conditions for passengers.
One of the main train manufacturers in our country is UralVagonZavod. There are other companies in this area as well.
Express trains made abroad are used in different directions:
Road lines are marked on physical and political maps Russia. They are studied in school classes, students put them on contour maps.
Currently, railway traffic in the central, western and northern Russian regions, as well as in the Urals, is provided by several branches of Russian Railways.
These include the following highways:
The longest routes connect the center of Russia with Siberia and the Far East.
These include the following railroads:
Russian by rail every year, 1 billion 300 million passengers use it, that is, approximately every inhabitant of the country travels by rail 9 times a year.
It should be noted that this figure is falling every year. In the USSR, for example, there were 15 trips per inhabitant per year, which can be explained by an increase in the number personal transport at the population.
Using the railway geographic atlases of Russia, you can lay the path of the planned trip.
But the most convenient online service that allows you to see a complete map of Russian railways in good quality in Russian and determine the route is Google Maps.
With their help, you can:
Yandex app. Maps work better in RF. It contains detailed map Railway of Russia with cities, made in real time using satellites. The service can display on the screen the length of railways, the location of moving trains and the schedule of trains on the route. Together with the Yandex.
Unlike many types public transport According to many, it is the railway that has a number of advantages necessary for any travel. And in this case, it is especially necessary to note both business and tourist trips. But in order to carry out this or that trip without any problems, its optimal start will be the scheme of the railways of the region where you are going to go. And if in its time, any scheme of railways, made in a typographical way, was somewhere, from the category of a certain information deficit, today, thanks to the same Internet, to see and print any section of the same Russian railway is not special difficulties.
At the same time, in fairness, it should be noted that the first scheme of Russian railways dates back to 1788 and displayed the first railway track in the history of our state from the blast furnace shop of the Alexander Cannon Factory in Petrozavodsk to the drilling shop. Although its length is clearly not comparable with the length of the same Baikal-Amur Mainline, the fact remains, and irrefutable evidence of this, as a kind of historical artifacts, is still an adornment of the Historical Museum of Petrozavodsk.
In this regard, somewhat less fortunate, which connected the capital Russian empire St. Petersburg with Tsarskoye Selo. In the historical understanding of this issue, only the general scheme of Russian railways remained from it, on which it is marked as a small section of the Moscow-Rybinsk railway, which was built in 1900. But in some ways she was a little more fortunate. If only wheels remained from the Petrozavodsk "Cast-iron wheel pipeline", then the Tsarskoye Selo railway today can boast of three stations still built by Nikolaev. So, having got its start, from the historical rarities described a little above, today the scheme of the railways of the Russian Federation displays 86,700 kilometers of its total length, yielding only to the United States railway, where the general scheme of railways is 194,700 kilometers.
If today you are going to travel by rail, to any corner of our fatherland, then in without fail you will become one of the clients of the largest railway company in Russia, Russian Railways OJSC or nominally one of its 16 branches. So, if you want to preview the route of your upcoming trip, then at least the railway map of this route will be presented on one of its sixteen options. Namely, you will need a railway diagram of one of the sixteen divisions of Russian Railways, namely:
- East Siberian Railway;
- Gorky railway;
- Far Eastern Railway;
- Zabaykalskaya railway;
- West Siberian Railway;
- Kaliningrad railway;
- Krasnoyarsk Railway;
- Kuibyshev railway;
- Moscow Railway;
- Oktyabrskaya railway;
- Privolzhskaya railway;
- Sverdlovsk railway;
- Northern Railway;
- North Caucasian Railway;
- South-Eastern Railway;
- and South Ural Railway.
Russian Railways was founded in 2003, taking over all the functions and powers of the former Ministry of Railways. At the same time, the total length of the railway track of the Russian Railways at that time amounted to more than 85 thousand kilometers. However, this railway scheme did not include part of the railway lines owned by private Russian companies, such as the same "Norilsk Mining Company", "Railways of Yakutia" and "Yamal Railway". This feature due to the fact that the railway tracks of these companies are located in rather remote areas of the territory of the Russian Federation, and in some cases are not connected to the federal railway at all. So to raise economic efficiency their exploitation, in their years, it was decided to transfer them to private ownership. Based on this, the scheme of railways of these companies was separated from the general scheme of railways of federal subordination.
At the same time, it is no less clearly necessary to know that the general scheme of Russian Railways railways includes a rather branched structure of routes that provide suburban traffic, the total number of which averages about 700 routes.
Although in terms of its size the Moscow railway is not one of the longest, but taking into account the fact that almost 30% of the population of the entire Russian Federation lives in its territorial zone, and Moscow itself is a fairly large industrial and railway center, then in general structure of Russian Railways, the Moscow Railway has a special place. With this in mind, the railway scheme has a total length of 8984 kilometers, which is the second indicator in the framework of the activities of the Russian Railways and is second only to the Oktyabrsky branch of the railway in this indicator.
Being formed in 1959, today the general scheme of the railway of the Moscow Zh.D. includes thirteen regions. Namely, it includes railways located in the following territorial entities of the Russian Federation:
- Bryansk region,
- Kaluga region,
- Kursk region,
- Lipetsk region,
- Moscow region,
- Oryol region,
- Ryazan region,
- Smolensk region,
- Tula region,
- Vladimir region,
- and Penza regions,
- as well as directly the city of Moscow,
At the same time, three more sections of the Moscow Railway are located on the territory of the Republic of Mordovia.
In addition, the Moscow Railway organized the movement of high-speed trains. Some of these routes provide high-speed passenger communication between the main airports of the capital. These transportations are carried out on electric trains of the ED4MKM-AERO model, owned by Aeroexpress, a subsidiary of the Moscow Railway. The Aeroexpress railway scheme provides transportation of passengers along the following routes:
Paveletsky railway station - Domodedovo air terminal;
Kyiv railway station - Vnukovo air terminal;
Savelovsky railway station - the city of Lobnya (passengers will get to the airport by bus);
Belorussky railway station - Sheremetyevo airport terminal.
Carrying out transportation at a speed of up to 130 km/h, Aeroexpress trains have increased comfort of passenger cars, which includes not only the availability modern system air conditioning, but also vacuum cleaner toilets.
In addition, since 2009, the Moscow Railways scheme has been providing high-speed passenger traffic on routes from Moscow to St. Petersburg and from Moscow to Nizhny Novgorod. This direction is carried out by Sapsan passenger electric trains, developed on the basis of the Velaro electric train from Siemens AG. The speed of movement on these routes is up to 300 km / h, which ensures the travel time on the route from Moscow to St. Petersburg is only 3 hours and 40 minutes.
The railway scheme of the Oktyabrskaya Railway is not only the longest in the territory of the Russian Federation, but also the oldest, since it begins to count its history from October 13, 1851, the time when the Tsarskoye Selo railway was put into operation. At the same time, it is also worth noting that a small section of the modern Oktyabrskaya railway located between St. Petersburg and Pavlovsk, according to the decision of the international organization UNESCO, is included in the list of architectural monuments belonging to the World Heritage.
The total length of the track of the Oktyabrskaya Railway is the largest of all railways in the Russian Federation and is 10,378 kilometers, which are geographically located in all northwestern regions of Russia, with the exception of the Kaliningrad region, which is an independent structure of Russian Railways. At the same time, in general, the Oktyabrskaya Railway scheme includes eleven regions that are independent subjects of the Russian Federation. Among them are such areas as: - Leningrad, - Pskov, - Novgorod, - Vologda, - Murmansk, - Tver, - Moscow, - and Yaroslavl.
It should also be noted that the railway scheme of the Oktyabrskaya Railway, Main office which is located in St. Petersburg, includes the Leningradsky railway station, located in the capital of the Russian Federation, along with the territory within the boundaries of the Moscow region on which the railway tracks are located.
But the existing Oktyabrskaya Railway is not only the longest railway within the Russian Railways, but also provides up to 75% of all freight traffic and up to 40% of the total passenger traffic of the entire Russian Federation. At the same time, an important fact is the fact that the railway scheme of the Oktyabrskaya Railway has more than 900 kilometers located beyond the Arctic Circle, which provide rail transportation. industrial centers RF located on the Kola Peninsula and near Murmansk.
Such indicators are ensured not only through direct rail transportation, but also through the creation of so-called combined cargo transportation schemes, which include their direct transshipment from rail to water transport in the seaports of St. Petersburg, Murmansk and ports located on the coast. the White Sea and the White Sea-Baltic Canal.
So, as you can see, the scheme of railways of the Oktyabrskaya Railway has a rather branched structure, which provides decent volumes not only on domestic routes, but also on the schemes for the movement of goods associated with direct export-import operations.
Another feature in the activities of the Oktyabrskaya Railway is the fact that since 1963, for the first time in former USSR on the route from St. Petersburg to Moscow, the Avrora high-speed passenger train began to run. Developing a speed of about 200 km / h, this train covered a distance of 630 kilometers in 5 hours, which at that time was at the level of a world record and was a certain pride of all railway workers. The railway scheme of the Oktyabrskaya Railway on this route assumed only two stops in the cities of Tver and Bologom.
"Aurora" was equipped with passenger compartment cars superior comfort, and as a power drive, an electric train-locomotive ChS 200, the Czech engineering company Skoda, was used.
However, having existed for more than 35 years, in 2010 the Aurora high-speed passenger train was decommissioned, and instead of it, the railway scheme on this route was equipped with the Sapsan high-speed express train, which in many operational parameters surpassed not only the Aurora, but and its later counterpart, the Nevsky Express. The Sapsan covered the same distance of 630 kilometers, equal to the distance between the capital of the Russian Federation and St. Petersburg in four hours and forty-five minutes, and had more comfortable conditions for passengers. At the same time, the scheme of railways on this route was somewhat changed. Since, in connection with the introduction of this train, many residents of the Tver and Novgorod regions did not have the possibility of direct rail communication, both with Moscow and with St. Petersburg, the Sapsan received two more short stops in Vyshy Volochek and Okulovka. But this did not significantly affect the total travel time of the train.
In the same 2010, a high-speed train was launched on the international route from St. Petersburg to Helsinki. True, it was not a Sapsan, but its Finnish counterpart Alstom sm6 (Allegro), but at the same speed as the Sapsan, Allegro covered the distance from St. Petersburg to Helsinki in just three hours and thirty minutes, which was two hours faster than its predecessor.
