Economic theory (practice)
Topic 1. "Subject, structure and functions economic theory»
1. Select and justify the most complete and correct definition of the subject of economic theory:
a) Economics is the study of activities involving the production and exchange of goods.
b) Economics studies the variables whose behavior affects the state National economy(prices, production, employment, etc.).
c) Economics is the study of how society uses limited resources necessary for the production of various goods in order to meet the needs of its members.
d) Economics studies money, banking system, capital.
Show what connection exists between these definitions of the subject matter of economic theory.
2. Why does society need economic theory? Don't engineering sciences give exact answers to all or most of the specific questions related to solving practical problems (when building a house in a summer cottage, you are guided by knowledge of the construction business, and not economics)?
3. By the titles of scientific works, determine which section of economic theory they represent: microeconomics or macroeconomics:
a) Edwin J. Dollan, Colin D. Campbell, Rosemary J. Campbell, Money, Banking, and Monetary Policy.
b) A. Pigou, Welfare Economics.
c) “Prices and pricing in a market economy”.
d) Klass Eklund, "Efficient Economics".
4. What does the concept of "microeconomics" include, and what does the concept of "macroeconomics" include:
a) inflation;
b) employment of the able-bodied population;
c) the laws of money circulation;
d) the dollar exchange rate in exchange offices;
e) principles of taxation;
f) the level of prices in Moscow retail markets;
and) the state budget 2000;
h) economic program government for a certain period?
5. What would you attribute to microeconomics and what to macroeconomics:
a) hidden unemployment at Russian enterprises, price index in 1993,
b) the volume of the gross national product (GNP) for 1992,
c) the price of oil in January 1993, innovative activity firms, the price of metal (rolled products) in Chelyabinsk in March 1993?
6. When we say that the needs of people are increasing, what do we mean by this: quantitative changes in needs, qualitative changes, or both?
7. If each person received the amount of money they wanted, would this mean that the problem of scarcity ceased to exist?
8. Is it possible to believe that the pursuit of profit is a manifestation of pure egoism and harms society, its morality?
Test "True - False"
1. The Soviet economy is a grandiose scientific experiment.
2. Economics is not a science and therefore it cannot be used in the management of the national economy.
3. An economic theory is correct when it is supported by politics.
4. The limited resources of mankind are absolute due to the limited nature of the globe.
5. Unlimited material needs are caused by limited resources.
6. The law of limited resources is the law of the rarity of minerals, which nature unevenly distributed over the territories and countries of the world.
7. The main goal of studying economic theory is to succeed in entrepreneurial activity.
8. Market forecast valuable papers, is carried out on the basis of an analysis of the relationship between solar activity and the location of celestial bodies, on the one hand, and the movement of the securities rate, on the other, is risky due to logical vulnerability.
9. Economics, not being an exact science, cannot use scientific methods analysis.
10. Compared to the natural sciences, economics is more related to practical activities and to a lesser extent relies on a fundamental theoretical basis.
11. The problem of limited resources will be solved when people can fully realize the achievements of scientific and technological progress.
12. At the same time, the needs of people in different countries are the same.
13. The problem of choice exists only for manufacturers.
14. The wool used in the factory for knitting scarves is capital.
15. Money is the most important resource needed in the production of economic goods.
16. Dividends are income received by the owner of labor from those who use it.
Bibliography
Boundless needs and limited resources. Problem of choice.
Option 1.
Exercise 1.
limited resources.
economic benefits.
production factors.
capital.
I. Funds necessary to meet the needs of society and available to society in a limited amount.
II. A situation where there are not enough resources to meet people's needs.
III. Resources that people use to produce consumer goods and services and for the production of new resources, labor resources, land, capital.
IV. Factor of production, which includes man-made means of production: machines, mechanisms, industrial buildings, equipment and raw materials.
Task 2.
The problem of limited resources will be solved when people can fully realize the achievements of scientific and technological progress.
At the same time, the needs of people in different countries are the same.
Wool used for knitting scarves is capital
Interest is a return on capital.
Task 3.
You do not have to pay for studying at school or visiting a local doctor. Does this mean that the services of doctors and teachers are a free good?
Opportunity costs and the production possibilities curve.
Task 5.
a) the opportunity cost of keeping money in a bank vault is zero, since money is not a factor of production,
b) the maximum volume of production in the country at each point in time is determined by the volume of demand for goods and services,
c) if all human and material resources, then it is possible to increase the volume of production of any product only at private enterprises, and not at state ones,
Task 6.
Indicate which of the following statements is true and which is false. The opportunity cost of traveling abroad can be:
a) country house, the construction of which had to be postponed for the future,
b) payment for training courses for managers, which had to be refused,
c) income that can be received for the execution of an urgent order of an adjacent company,
d) the cost of the ticket
Task 7.
A farmer in his field can grow either carrots or beets for sale. He uses the labor of 10 seasonal workers. Each worker can grow either 100 kg of beets or 80 kg of carrots. Draw a farm production possibilities graph and explain why it has this shape.
Task 8.
After graduation, you have to make a choice: study further or go to work as a secretary.
Calculate the opportunity cost of your decision to go to law school if:
tuition fee will be 4 thousand a year,
food expenses - 3.5 thousand a year,
transportation costs - 0.5 thousand per year,
payment for rented housing - 2.5 thousand a year,
clothing expenses - 5 thousand a year,
secretary's salary - 1.8 thousand a year,
expenses for textbooks - 0.4 thousand per year.
Task 9.
Imagine that your class is stranded on a deserted island where it is possible to hunt hares and build dwellings. If everyone hunts, you can get 8 hare carcasses per day, and if you build dwellings, you can build 4 dwellings.
Draw a production possibilities curve.
How will the position of the CPV change if:
a) Will any fixtures be used in the construction of the dwellings?
b) will hunters tame dogs for hunting?
c) the production of food and shelter will increase equally?
Mark all answers on the graph with curves.
Task 10.
Product type
Manufacturing Alternatives
BUT
AT
FROM
D
E
Guided missiles (thousand units)
30
27
21
12
0
Cars (million units)
0
2
4
6
8
a) Build a CPV.
c) What is the opportunity cost (in millions of cars) if the government produces 12,000 missiles?
Task 11
The qualifications of cosmetics manufacturers have increased. Which version of the production possibilities curve reflects this circumstance?
13 Embed PBrush 1415
Task 12
4. The notary, who came to work in the city center in his car, did not want to put it in a paid parking lot, where there were places. He spent 20 minutes driving around the block, found an empty spot on the sidewalk where he parked his car. The notary believed that he secured free parking and saved money. Describe the actions of a notary in terms of the law of opportunity cost.
Boundless needs and limited resources.
Problem of choice.
Option 2.
Exercise 1.
For each definition or term, select a definition:
free goods.
Natural resources.
labor resources.
choice.
I. Goods available in unlimited quantities and received by people for free.
II. Human behavior that involves maximizing the result at a given cost.
III. natural resources that can be used in production and that are necessary for the production of economic goods: land, water, forests, mineral deposits.
IV. Factor of production, which includes people with their physical and mental abilities, which are used in the process of creating economic benefits.
Task 2.
Read the statements carefully and indicate which are true and which are false:
a) the problem of choice exists only for manufacturers,
b) tangerines grown on a plantation can be considered as a factor of production,
c) money is the most important resource necessary for the production of economic goods,
d) dividends are income received by an employee from those who use his labor resource.
Task 3.
When we say that people's needs are increasing, what do we mean by this: quantitative or qualitative changes?
opportunity cost
and the production possibilities curve.
Task 5.
Please indicate which of the following statements are correct:
a) the opportunity cost of keeping money in a bank vault increases if the interest on bank deposits increases,
b) the maximum volume of production in the country at each moment of time is determined by the quantity and quality of labor, capital and natural resources subject to their full use,
c) if all human and material resources are involved in production, then it is possible to increase the volume of production of any product only in conditions of rising prices.
Task 6.
rational behavior economic entity suggests:
a) the expediency of his behavior,
b) comparability of results and costs,
c) taking into account the opinions of other people,
d) determining the price of his choice,
e) analysis of options for achieving the goal.
Task 7-8.
The country produces two types of goods: computers and toasters. Production options can be presented in the form of a table:
Option
Toasters (thousand pieces)
Computers (thousand pieces)
Plot the production possibilities curve by laying out the toasters vertically.
What is the opportunity cost of increasing computer production?
from 20 thousand to 30 thousand pieces?
from 10 thousand to 40 thousand pieces?
from 30 thousand to 40 thousand pieces?
Task 9.
Performing the task of the center, Major Pronin found out that points A (90 guns, 80 tons of oil), B (70 guns, 100 tons of oil), C (30 guns, 120 tons of oil) belong to the CPV. In addition, he found out that the enemy general staff plans to produce 50 guns.
What forecast will Pronin, an excellent student in economics, make regarding the forecast of the enemy? What are the possibilities for maximum production of cannons? Oils?
Task 10.
Here is a table of production possibilities for the production of military products and civilian goods:
Option
Oil
tanks
1
15 000
0
2
12 000
2 000
3
10 000
3 000
4
6 000
5 000
5
3 000
5 500
a) Build a CPV.
b) What do the points on the curve show?
c) If the state wants to increase the production of tanks to 5,000, how will this affect the production of butter?
Task 11.
Can the following points lie on the production possibilities curve: A (15.3), B (8.13), C (13.6), D (5.12).
Task 12.
The farmer has three fields where he grows wheat and potatoes. On the first one, he can grow either 16 tons of potatoes or 4 tons of wheat, on the second - 8 tons and 3 tons, respectively, and on the third - 4 tons and 2 tons. Plot the production possibilities curve for the entire farm.
Lesson 23
28.10.2013 18339 0Goals: acquaint with economic entity trade and exchange, to characterize the modern forms of manifestation of capitalism; develop the ability to work with educational text; develop economic thinking in students.
Lesson type: combined.
During the classes
I. Organizational moment
(The teacher says the topic of the lesson.)
Define content educational material. ( Evolution - gradual development, which means in what forms capitalism was originally born, how they changed, what are its modern forms; what caused the change in these forms.)
We will consider the following questions:
1. Exchange and trade.
2. Historical types of economy.
3. Factors of influence on the phase of commercial capitalism.
4. Forms of modern capitalism.
II. Checking homework
Let's do some test tasks.
Runtime 10 minutes.
Test 1
1. Non-price competition provides for ...
a) an increase in product quality;
b) price reduction;
c) discounts, bonuses;
d) giveaways.
2. In every economic system fundamental questions“what, how and for whom to produce” are decided at the micro and macro levels. Which of the proposed questions can be solved at the microeconomic level?
a) how to reach the level of full employment;
b) what and how much to produce;
c) how to get rid of inflation;
d) how to stimulate economic growth.
3. Set the correspondence between the characteristics of economic systems and their types.
a) when countries trade with each other, customs barriers are established to prevent the import of cheap goods;
b) there are always not enough resources to meet unlimited needs;
c) profits are not high enough to motivate producers to expand production;
d) sellers hold onto goods to raise prices.
5. The alternative cost of keeping money in a banker's safe...
a) is equal to zero, since money is not a factor of production;
b) grows if the interest on deposits in banks grows;
c) falls if the interest on bank deposits increases;
d) falls if the interest on loans rises.
6. Price competition involves...
b) additional guarantees;
c) price reduction;
d) product quality.
7. In a market economy, in contrast to the command-administrative economy, the manufacturer characterizes ...
a) economic management of the business;
b) economic independence;
c) observance of work ethics;
d) the desire to improve skills.
8. The economic systems that exist in society are distinguished by a sign ...
a) the volume of investments in the economy;
b) the way in which scarce resources are distributed;
c) quantity money supply in circulation;
d) the level of qualification of workers.
9. Match the example economic activity and economic system.
10. The opportunity cost of a good is measured...
a) the cost of resources for the production of this product;
b) the amount of money spent on the production of this product;
c) the quantity of another commodity that had to be abandoned in order to produce another commodity.
Test 2
1. Economics as a science studies ...
a) the historical aspect of the development of society;
b) legal laws;
c) development of science and technology;
d) various aspects economic relations of people.
2. A necessary sign of a market economy is ...
a) free pricing;
b) use of resource-saving technologies;
c) high quality products;
d) foreign economic activity of the state.
3. Are the following statements correct?
A. Manufacturers' competition does not affect the quality of goods.
B. Competition influences the establishment of market prices.
a) only A is true;
b) only B is true;
c) both A and B are true;
d) both statements are wrong.
5. Which of the above characteristics does not apply to a market economy?
a) competition;
b) central planning;
c) private property;
d) freedom of enterprise.
6. Problems of "what, how and for whom to produce" can be relevant ...
a) only to a planned-directive economy;
b) only to a market economy;
c) only to a backward economy;
d) to any society, regardless of its socio-economic and political organization.
7. The main problem of the economy is that ...
b) resources are unlimited;
d) only in underdeveloped countries there are deficit problems.
8. In the state of Ecoland, economic benefits have been produced since time immemorial in the old-fashioned way, the profession is determined at birth. In this state...
a) traditional economy;
b) market economy;
c) command economy;
d) mixed economy.
9. The state in a command-administrative economy...
a) legislates the dominance of a single form of ownership;
b) provides the economic independence of the manufacturer;
c) develop laws restricting the activities of monopolies.
10. If all human and material resources are involved in production, then increase the volume of production of some product ...
a) it is possible only at private enterprises, and not at state ones;
b) only in conditions of rising prices;
c) impossible under any circumstances;
d) it is possible if the production of some other products is reduced.
Test 3
1. The main problem of the economy is that ...
a) human desires are limited;
b) resources are unlimited;
c) people must always make choices when using limited resources;
d) only underdeveloped countries have a deficit problem.
2. When economists talk about the need to save, they mean...
6 Lesson developments in social studies
a) creating savings;
b) extracting the maximum profit from what is available;
c) the study of economics;
d) the need to spend as little as possible.
3. Opportunity cost is the cost of a good or service measured by...
a) price index;
b) inflation;
c) the price of the purchased goods;
d) what must be sacrificed in order to acquire a product or service.
4. Limitation is a problem that...
a) exists only in poor countries;
b) only poor people have it;
c) all people and societies have it;
d) never occurs in rich people.
5. Life on the edge living wage more typical of...
a) market economy;
b) traditional economy;
c) centralized economy;
d) the economies of highly developed countries.
6. The production possibilities curve illustrates...
a) the impact of scarcity and opportunity cost on society;
b) the advantages of producing one good instead of another;
c) change in the price of various products;
d) the opportunity cost of producing either one or the other good.
7. Payment for the use of capital or profit from its use is called ...
a) rent;
b) salary;
c) percentage;
d) profit.
8. People and businesses influence production...
a) in a market economy;
b) in the traditional economy;
c) in a centralized economy;
d) in all economic systems.
9. About 100 years ago, a famous economist proposed a theory that links unemployment to sunspots. This theory is...
a) opportunity cost in action;
b) the production possibility curve;
c) factors of production;
d) economic model.
10. Fairyland S. produces fishing rods and fishing line. All people have jobs and factories are running at full capacity. If the ruler of this country wants to produce more rods, what advice would you give him?
a) reduce the production of fishing line;
b) increase the production of fishing line;
c) give an order to produce more fishing rods;
d) under no circumstances increase the production of fishing rods.
Evaluation criteria:
For each incorrect answer, the score is reduced by 1 point. Answers:
Test 1: 1 a, 2 b, 3 BABAB, 4 b, 5 b, 6 c, 7 b, 8 b, 9 BABAB, 10 V. Test 2: 1b, 2d, 3c, 4c, 5b, 6d, 7c, 8a, 9a, 10d.
Test 3: 1 c, 2 b, 3 d, 4 c, 5 b, 6 d, 7 c, 8 a, 9 d, 10 d.
At this time, several students complete the task on the cards.
Card 1
For each of the above concepts and terms, select the appropriate definition.
1. Limited resources.
2. Factors of production.
3. Capital.
4. Labor.
5. Economic benefits.
6. Free goods.
7. Earth.
8. Microeconomics.
9. Macroeconomics.
10. Competition.
A. Rivalry between producers of goods and services for markets for products and for income.
B. A branch of economic theory that studies the economy as a whole. It analyzes the problems economic growth, poverty, inflation, etc.
B. A branch of economics that makes value judgments about economic decisions and economic policies.
D. A branch of economic theory that studies the behavior of individual households, individual firms, as well as situations that arise on individual markets and industries.
E. Funds necessary to meet the needs of people and available to society in a limited amount.
E. Natural resources that can be used in production and that are necessary for the production of economic goods: land, water, forests, natural resource deposits, etc.
G. Human behavior that implies the maximum result for given results or the minimization of costs while achieving a given result.
3. Factor of production, which includes man-made means of production: machine tools, equipment, industrial buildings, tools, raw materials, semi-finished products, etc.
I. A situation where there are not enough resources to meet people's needs.
K. Resources that people use to produce goods and services.
J.I. Factor of production, which includes people with their physical and mental abilities, which are used in the process of creating economic benefits.
M. Goods available in unlimited quantities and received by people for free.
H. What had to be sacrificed by making a choice, the best of the rejected options.
Correct answer:1 3.2 I, 3 F, 4 K, 5 D, 6 JI, 7 D, 8 C, 9 B, 10 A.
Card 2
Read the following statements and indicate which ones are true and which are false. Justify your choice.
I. The problem of limited resources will be solved when people can fully realize the achievements of scientific and technological progress.
2. Interest is a return on capital.
3. At the same time, the needs of people in different countries are the same.
4. Mandarins grown on plantations can be considered as a factor of production.
5. The object of macroeconomics is the regulation of money circulation.
6. To say that the unemployment rate this month is 7.8% is to make a normative judgment about the macroeconomic concept.
7. In countries with market economy planning is not allowed.
Correct statements 2,4, 5. The remaining statements are erroneous.
Card 3
Choose a definition for each term.
1. Economy.
2. economic system.
3. Factors of production.
4. Goods.
5. Market.
6. Entrepreneur.
7. Limited.
8. Services.
9. Opportunity cost.
10. Profitability motive.
11. Mixed economy.
12. Economic model.
A. Visible and tangible items of value.
B. A place where sellers and buyers meet.
B. Encourages businesses to produce things that are in demand.
D. Used to explain and predict economic events.
E. A way of organizing society that answers the questions What, How, Who.
E. Invisible and intangible objects of value.
G. The economic system in most democratic countries.
3. Someone who takes risks for profit.
I. Lack of resources to meet the needs of all people.
K. The science of how to use limited resources to meet the needs and desires of people.
M. Something that must be sacrificed in order to receive a product or service.
J.I. Land, labor, capital.
Answers: 1 K, 2 D, 3 L, 4 A, 5 B, 6 3, 7 I, 8 E, 9 M, 10 C, 11 F, 12 D.
Oral responses:
1. Types of economic system.
2. Factors of production.
III. Learning new material
1. Exchange and trade
Read the text of Kravchenko's textbook on p. 73.
Name the common and different in exchange and trade.
So,
1. The exchange compensates for the shortage of necessary things for both exchanging parties.
2. Trading is for profit.
3. Equal to equal is exchanged; sell what is in demand.
4. Exchange and trade - the first two phases of the development of capitalism.
2. Historical types of economy
In primitive society, the economy was initially appropriating, and after the Neolithic revolution it became productive. But for a long time the economy was natural, , i.e., everything that was produced on the farm was consumed within it. Natural exchange dominated, when the surplus of one product was exchanged for the necessary product.
As the complexity of production, the expansion of the names of manufactured products, there was a need for an intermediary. The role of an intermediary-equivalent was played by goods that were in high demand in a given area or were extremely rare. For example, the ancestors of the Udmurt people, who lived on the Vyatka River, had squirrel skins - “horses” as such an equivalent. In the modern Udmurt language, money is called "kondon".
Gradually the exchange takes monetary form. And the role of the equivalent passed to precious metals. At the same time, a social group is formed that has become an intermediary in the exchange - merchants. In Kievan Rus they were called "guests". Cities became centers of trade. In any country, they arose primarily at the crossroads of trade routes or at places of crossing over water barriers.
Read the textbook on p. 74-77.
What is the economic and political significance of trade in human history? (Cities became centers of crafts and trade, written legislation appeared, the third estate was formed, the foundation was laid for the development of industry, colonial trade was a higher stage in the development of the institute of trade, wholesale trade.)
Merchant capitalism formed a sufficient basis for the development of industrial capitalism. Commodity production appears: money is invested in the production of goods for profit.
3. Factors of influence on the phase of commercial capitalism
Read the textbook on p. 78.
On what factors does the duration of the commercial capitalism phase depend?
Give examples from the history of Russia and foreign countries.
(In conclusion, the teacher explains what a product is and what
properties the product has.)
Product - This is a thing or service intended not for own consumption, but for sale. A commodity has two properties: value and use value.
Price - is the amount of socially necessary time spent on the production of a good or service.Use value- this is the need, the usefulness of the thing.
By what property do we compare a product when we say that one product is more expensive than the second, and why by this property?(By value, because it is a quantitative characteristic and can be compared. Use value - this concept is largely subjective, that is, for an individual, the usefulness of a thing is determined by his preferences.)
4. Forms of modern capitalism
Read the textbook on p. 80. Write down the modern forms of capitalism.
IV. Consolidation of the studied material
Discussion of questions 4, 6, 7, p. 80-81.
Homework
Textbook Kravchenko: § 10, workshop.
Boundless needs and limited resources. Problem of choice.
Option 1.
Exercise 1.
For each definition or term, select a definition:
1. limited resources.
2. economic benefits.
3. factors of production.
4. capital.
I. Funds necessary to meet the needs of society and available to society in a limited amount.
II. A situation where there are not enough resources to meet people's needs.
III. The resources used by people for the production of consumer goods and services and for the production of new resources, labor resources, land, capital.
IV. Factor of production, which includes man-made means of production: machines, mechanisms, industrial buildings, equipment and raw materials.
Task 2.
1. The problem of limited resources will be solved when people can fully realize the achievements of scientific and technological progress.
2. At the same time, the needs of people in different countries are the same.
3. The wool used to knit scarves is capital
4. Interest is a return on capital.
Task 3.
You do not have to pay for studying at school or visiting a local doctor. Does this mean that the services of doctors and teachers are a free good?
Opportunity costs and the production possibilities curve.
Task 5.
a) the opportunity cost of keeping money in a bank vault is zero, since money is not a factor of production,
b) the maximum volume of production in the country at each point in time is determined by the volume of demand for goods and services,
c) if all human and material resources are involved in production, then it is possible to increase the volume of production of any product only at private enterprises, and not at state ones,
Task 6.
Indicate which of the following statements is true and which is false. The opportunity cost of traveling abroad can be:
The tuition fee will be 4 thousand a year,
Food expenses - 3.5 thousand a year,
Transportation costs - 0.5 thousand per year,
Payment for rented housing - 2.5 thousand a year,
Clothing expenses - 5 thousand a year,
Secretary's salary - 1.8 thousand a year,
Expenses for textbooks - 0.4 thousand per year.
Task 9.
Imagine that your class is stranded on a deserted island where it is possible to hunt hares and build dwellings. If everyone hunts, you can get 8 hare carcasses per day, and if you build dwellings, you can build 4 dwellings.
Draw a production possibilities curve.
How will the position of the CPV change if:
a) Will any fixtures be used in the construction of the dwellings?
b) will hunters tame dogs for hunting?
c) the production of food and shelter will increase equally?
Mark all answers on the graph with curves.
Task 10.
a) Build a CPV.
IV. Factor of production, which includes people with their physical and mental abilities, which are used in the process of creating economic benefits.
Task 2.
Read the statements carefully and indicate which are true and which are false:
a) the problem of choice exists only for manufacturers,
b) tangerines grown on a plantation can be considered as a factor of production,
c) money is the most important resource necessary for the production of economic goods,
d) dividends are income received by an employee from those who use his labor resource.
Task 3.
When we say that people's needs are increasing, what do we mean by this: quantitative or qualitative changes?
opportunity cost
and the production possibilities curve.
Task 5.
Please indicate which of the following statements are correct:
a) the opportunity cost of keeping money in a bank vault increases if the interest on bank deposits increases,
b) the maximum volume of production in the country at each moment of time is determined by the quantity and quality of labor, capital and natural resources, subject to their full use,
c) if all human and material resources are involved in production, then it is possible to increase the volume of production of any product only in conditions of rising prices.
Task 6.
The rational behavior of an economic entity involves:
a) the expediency of his behavior,
b) comparability of results and costs,
c) taking into account the opinions of other people,
d) determining the price of his choice,
e) analysis of options for achieving the goal.
Task 7-8.
The country produces two types of goods: computers and toasters. Production options can be presented in the form of a table:
Toasters (thousand pieces) | Computers (thousand pieces) |
|
1. Plot a production possibilities curve by laying out the toasters vertically.
2. What is the opportunity cost of increasing the production of computers
From 20 thousand to 30 thousand pieces?
From 10 thousand to 40 thousand pieces?
From 30 thousand to 40 thousand pieces?
Task 9.
Performing the task of the center, Major Pronin found out that points A (90 guns, 80 tons of oil), B (70 guns, 100 tons of oil), C (30 guns, 120 tons of oil) belong to the CPV. In addition, he found out that the enemy general staff plans to produce 50 guns.
What forecast will Pronin, an excellent student in economics, make regarding the forecast of the enemy? What are the possibilities for maximum production of cannons? Oils?
Task 10.
Here is a table of production possibilities for the production of military products and civilian goods:
a) Build a CPV.
b) What do the points on the curve show?
c) If the state wants to increase the production of tanks to 5,000, how will this affect the production of butter?
Task 11.
Can the following points lie on the production possibilities curve: A (15.3), B (8.13), C (13.6), D (5.12).
Task 12.
The farmer has three fields where he grows wheat and potatoes. On the first one, he can grow either 16 tons of potatoes or 4 tons of wheat, on the second - 8 tons and 3 tons, respectively, and on the third - 4 tons and 2 tons. Plot the production possibilities curve for the entire farm.
Municipal budgetary educational institution "Secondary school No. 8 of Krasnoarmeysk"
Task cards
on the topic "The Evolution of Capitalism"
Prepared by a teacher of history and social studies
Polyakova Tatyana Ivanovna
Card number 1.
For each of the above concepts and terms, select the appropriate definition.
Limited resources.
factors of production.
Capital.
Work.
economic benefits.
Free goods.
Earth.
Microeconomics.
Macroeconomics.
Competition.
A. Rivalry between producers of goods and services for markets for products and for income.
B. A branch of economic theory that studies the economy as a whole. It analyzes the problems of economic growth, poverty, inflation, and so on.
B. A branch of economics that makes value judgments about economic decisions and economic policies.
D. A branch of economic theory that studies the behavior of individual households, individual firms, as well as situations that arise in individual markets and industries.
E. Funds necessary to meet the needs of people and available to society in a limited amount.
E. Natural resources that can be used in production and are necessary for the production of economic goods.
G. Human behavior that implies the maximum result for given results or the minimization of costs while achieving a given result.
3. Factor of production, which includes man-made means of production.
I. A situation where there are not enough resources to meet people's needs.
K. Resources that people use to produce goods and services.
K. Factor of production, including people with their physical and mental abilities, which are used in the process of creating economic benefits.
M. Goods available in unlimited quantities and received by people for free.
N. What had to be sacrificed, making a choice, the best of the rejected options.
Card number 2.
Choose a definition for each term.
Economy.
Economic system.
factors of production.
Products.
Market.
Entrepreneur.
Limitation.
Services.
Alternative cost.
profitability motive.
Mixed economy.
economic model.
A. Visible and tangible objects that provide some value.
B. A place where sellers and buyers meet.
C. Encourages enterprises to produce things that are in demand.
D. Used to explain and predict economic events.
D. A way of organizing society that answers the questions WHAT, HOW, WHO.
E. Invisible and intangible objects of value.
G. The economic system in most democratic countries.
Z. One who takes risks for the sake of profit.
I. Lack of resources to meet the needs of all people.
K. The science of how to use limited resources to meet the needs and desires of people.
M. Something that must be sacrificed in order to receive a product or service.
L. Land, labor capital.
Card number 3.
Read the following statements and indicate which ones are true and which are false. Justify your choice.
The problem of limited resources will be solved when people can fully realize the achievements of scientific and technological progress.
Interest is a return on capital.
At the same time, the needs of people in different countries are the same.
Mandarins grown on plantations can be considered as a factor of production.
The object of macroeconomics is the regulation of money circulation.
To say that the unemployment rate this month is 7.8% is to make a normative judgment about a macroeconomic concept.
In countries with market economies, planning is unacceptable.
List of used literature.
Begeneeva T.P. Pourochnye developments in social science. M. "Wako". 2008.
Bogolyubov L.N., Lazebnikova A.Yu., Smirnova N.M. Social science. Textbook for educational institutions. M. "Enlightenment". 2011.
Kravchenko A.I. Social science. Textbook for grade 10 educational institutions. M. "Russian Word". 2010.
