System normative documents in construction
BUILDING NORMS AND RULES OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION
INDUSTRIAL BUILDINGS
SNiP 31-03-2001
STATE COMMITTEE OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION
FOR CONSTRUCTION AND HOUSING AND UTILITY COMPLEX
(GOSSTROY OF RUSSIA)
SNiP 31-04-2001
BUILDING NORMS AND RULES OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION
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INDUSTRIAL BUILDINGS PRODUCTIONBUILDINGS |
Introduction date 2002-01-01
1.1 These rules and regulations must be observed at all stages of the creation and operation of buildings and premises of the functional fire hazard class F5.1 (according to SNiP 21-01): industrial buildings, laboratory buildings, industrial and laboratory premises and workshops, including those built into buildings of another functional fire hazard.
1.2 These rules do not apply to buildings and premises for the production and storage of explosives and explosives, military purposes, underground structures of subways, mine workings.
1.3 In cases where enterprises provide for the possibility of using the labor of disabled people, additional requirements specified in the relevant paragraphs of these standards should be observed, depending on the type of disability.
When creating at an enterprise specialized workshops (sites) intended for the use of the labor of disabled people, one should also be guided by the "Uniform Sanitary Rules for Enterprises (Production Associations), Workshops and Sites Designed for the Use of the Labor of Disabled Persons and Old Age Pensioners" of the USSR Ministry of Health. It is not allowed to create such workshops (sites) located in the premises of categories A and B.
Area - a single-tiered structure (without walls) located inside or outside the building, based on independent supports, building or equipment structures and intended for installation, maintenance or repair of equipment.
Floors of the building - the number of floors of the building, including all above-ground floors, technical and basement, if the top of its floor is at least 2 m above the average planning elevation of the ground.
Above ground floor - floor at the level of the floor of the premises is not lower than the planning level of the ground.
Basement floor - floor when the floor of the premises is lower than the planning mark of the earth by more than half the height of the premises.
ground floor - floor when the floor of the premises is lower than the planning mark of the earth by no more than half the height of the premises.
Floor technical - floor for placement of engineering equipment and laying of communications; can be located in the lower (technical underground), upper (technical attic) or in the middle part of the building.
Whatnot - a multi-tiered frame structure (without walls), free-standing in the building or outside it and intended for placement and maintenance of technological and other equipment.
These standards also use terms whose definitions are given in ST SEV 383 and GOST 12.1.033.
4.1 The fire safety requirements of these rules and regulations are based on the provisions and classifications adopted in SNiP 21-01.
4.2 When designing buildings, you should:
to combine, as a rule, in one building premises for various industries, warehouse, administrative and amenity premises, as well as premises for engineering equipment;
take the height of the building within the limits established, based on the results of comparing the technical and economic indicators of options for locating production in buildings of different number of storeys (heights) and taking into account the provision of a high level of architectural solutions;
make space-planning decisions for buildings, taking into account the reduction in the area of external enclosing structures;
take the area of light openings in accordance with the design standards for natural and artificial lighting, taking into account the requirements;
accept buildings without light openings, if this is allowed by the conditions of technology, sanitary and hygienic requirements and economically feasible;
to use mainly buildings, structures and enlarged blocks of engineering and technological equipment in a prefabricated prefabricated block design;
develop space-planning solutions taking into account the need to reduce dynamic impacts on building structures, technological processes and working, caused by vibroactive equipment or external sources of vibrations.
4.3 Architectural decisions of buildings should be made taking into account urban planning, climatic conditions area of construction and the nature of the surrounding buildings. Color finishing of interiors should be provided in accordance with GOST 14202 and GOST 12.4.026.
4.4 According to the explosion and fire hazard, premises and buildings are divided into categories (A, B, C1 - C4, D, E) depending on the technological processes located in them and the properties of the substances and materials present (circulating).
Categories of buildings and premises are established in the technological part of the project in accordance with NPB 105, departmental (industry) technological design standards or special lists approved in the prescribed manner.
5.3 It is allowed to provide for the entry of railway tracks into buildings in accordance with the technological part of the project, taking into account the requirements.
5.4 The top of the railheads of the railroad tracks must be at the level of the finished floor.
5.5 Warehouses for raw materials, semi-finished products and finished products located in industrial buildings, as well as loading platforms (ramps) should be designed taking into account the requirements of SNiP 31-04.
5.6 In multi-storey buildings with a height of more than 15 m from the planning level of the ground to the level of the finished floor of the upper floor (not counting the technical floor) and the presence of permanent jobs or equipment at the level of more than 15 m that needs to be serviced more than three times per shift, passenger elevators should be provided. Freight elevators should be provided in accordance with the technological part of the project.
The number and capacity of elevators should be taken depending on the passenger and freight traffic. If the number of employees (in the most numerous shift) is not more than 30 on all floors located above 15 m, one elevator should be provided in the building.
If there are rooms on the second floor and above intended for the work of disabled people using wheelchairs, a passenger elevator should be provided in the building if it is impossible to organize jobs for disabled people on the ground floor. The elevator cabin must have dimensions of at least: width - 1.1 m, depth - 2.1 m, width of the doorway - 0.85 m.
5.7 Exits from cellars should be provided outside the area of operation of handling equipment.
5.8 The width of tambours and tambour locks should be taken at least 0.5 m more than the width of the openings (0.25 m on each side of the opening), and the depth - more than the width of the door or gate leaf by at least 0.2 m, but not less than 1.2 m. If there are disabled people who use wheelchairs among the working people, the depth of vestibules and vestibules-locks should be taken at least 1.8 m.
When placing rooms of different categories on the same floor, the distance along the corridor from the door of the most remote room to the exit to the outside or to the nearest stairwell is determined by the more dangerous category.
The density of the human flow in the corridor is defined as the ratio of the number of people evacuating from the premises to the corridor to the area of this corridor, while with doors opening from the premises to the common corridors, the width of the common corridor should be taken as reduced:
half the width of the door leaf - with a one-sided arrangement of doors;
to the width of the door leaf - with a double-sided arrangement of doors.
6.10 The width of the evacuation exit (door) from the premises should be taken depending on the total number of people evacuating through this exit, and the number of people per 1 m of the width of the exit (door) set at, but not less than 0.9 m if there are disabled people among the working people with disorders of the musculoskeletal system.
The number of people per 1 m of the exit width at intermediate values of the volume of the premises is determined by interpolation.
The number of people per 1 m of the width of the emergency exit (door) from rooms with a height of more than 6 m increases: with a room height of 12 m - by 20%, 18 m - by 30%, 24 m - by 40%; at intermediate values of the height of the premises, the increase in the number of people per 1 m of the width of the exit is determined by interpolation.
Table 2
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6.15 Opening skylights, taken into account in the calculation of smoke removal, must be evenly spaced over the coverage area. 7. PREVENTION OF THE SPREAD OF FIRE.If there are platforms, whatnots and mezzanines, the area of which at any level exceeds 40% of the floor area of the room, the floor area is determined as for high-rise building with the number of floors determined by . When equipping the premises with automatic fire extinguishing installations, the area indicated in the area may be increased by 100%, with the exception of buildings of the IV degree of fire resistance of fire hazard classes C0 and C1, as well as buildings of the V degree of fire resistance. If there are open technological openings in the ceilings of adjacent floors, the total area of \u200b\u200bthese floors should not exceed the floor area specified in. 7.7 Sections of ceilings and technological sites on which devices, installations and equipment with the presence of flammable, combustible and toxic liquids are installed must have blind sides made of non-combustible materials or pallets. The height of the sides and the area between the sides or pallets are set in the technological part of the project. 7.8 Antiaircraft lamps with light-transmitting elements made of materials of groups G3 and G4 are allowed to be used only in buildings of I, II and III degrees of fire resistance of fire hazard class C0 in rooms of categories B4, G and D with coatings of materials with fire hazard NG and G1 and a rolled roof having gravel cover. The total area of the light-transmitting elements of such lamps should not exceed 15% of the total coverage area, the opening area of one lamp - no more than 12 m 2 with a specific weight of light-transmitting elements not more than 20 kg / m 2 and no more than 18 m 2 with a specific weight of light-transmitting elements not more than 10 kg/m2. In this case, the rolled roof must have a protective coating of gravel. The distance (clear) between these lamps should be at least 6 m with an opening area of 6 to 18 m 2 and at least 3 m with an opening area of up to 6 m 2 . When lanterns are combined into groups, they are taken as one lantern, to which all the indicated restrictions apply. Between antiaircraft lamps with light-transmitting fillings from materials of groups G3 and G4 in the longitudinal and transverse directions of the building covering, gaps of at least 6 m wide must be arranged every 54 m. The horizontal distance from the fire walls to the indicated antiaircraft lamps must be at least 5 m. 7.9 Stairs of the 3rd type, intended for access by fire departments, must have a width of at least 0.7 m. |
When choosing the type of building for a workshop, it is necessary to take into account its compliance with modern functional, technical, economic, architectural and artistic requirements.
Functional requirements are to ensure the normal functioning of the technological equipment located in the workshop, workplaces and the creation of favorable sanitary and hygienic working conditions and consumer services for workers.
Technical requirements are to ensure strength, stability, durability and fire prevention measures, as well as the possibility of erecting a building using industrial methods.
Economic requirements are aimed at minimizing the cost of construction and operation of the building.
Architectural and artistic requirements provide for giving the building a beautiful architectural appearance.
When designing new workshops for mechanical assembly production, it is recommended that production sites and auxiliary services be located in production (one- and multi-storey) buildings. Sanitary and administrative and office premises are located, as a rule, in an auxiliary (multi-storey) building attached to the main production building, or in multi-storey inserts located perpendicular to the longitudinal wall of the production building.
Mechanical, assembly, MSC, IC, RMC of medium, heavy and extra heavy engineering are located, as a rule, in one-story industrial buildings. These buildings can be frameless and frame, single and multi-span, craneless and equipped with light or heavy cranes, with light-aeration lanterns and lanternless, as well as windowless with artificial microclimate and lighting.
The main parameters of a frame-type building are the width of the spans and their number, the pitch of the columns, the height of the spans, the length and width of the building (Fig. 7.1).
Span width - the distance between the axes of longitudinally arranged columns.
Column pitch - the distance between the axes of the columns in the direction of the longitudinal axis of the span.
Span height - the distance from the floor level to the bottom of the supporting structures of the coatings on the support.
According to the location of the supports, industrial buildings of span, cell and hall types are distinguished.
The span type is characterized by the predominance of spans over the pitch of the columns (Fig. 7.1, a). Buildings of this type are used to accommodate industries with a longitudinal direction of technological flows.
The cell type of the building is characterized by a square or close to square grid of columns (Fig. 7.1, b). Such buildings are used for production with different flow directions. Handling equipment can move in two mutually perpendicular directions. Often used floor and overhead transport.
Buildings of the hall type are used if it is necessary to provide a large internal space (Fig. 7.1, c). The width of the spans in such buildings reaches 100 m or more.
The unified dimensions of the spans, the pitch of the columns and the height of one-story industrial buildings should be selected from the table. 7.12.
7.12. Basic parameters of standardized standard sections of one-story industrial buildings of mechanical engineering Length, m Width, m Span, m Column spacing, m Truss spacing, m Height, m Main sections for craneless buildings with overhead transport 72 144 24 12 6; 126; 7.2 72 72 24 12 6; 126; 7.2 72 144 12 12 6; 126; 7.2 72 72 12 12 6; 126; 7.2 Main sections for crane buildings 72 144 24 12 12 10.8; 12.6 72 72 24 12 12 10.8; 12.6 72 144 18 12 12 10.8; 12.6 72 72 18 12 12 10.8; 12.6 Additional sections for crane buildings 72 30 30 6 6 16.2; 18 72 48 24 12 6; 12 10.8; 12.6 72 24 24 6 6 10.8; 12.6 1. Workshops of enterprises of medium and heavy engineering are located in one-story industrial buildings, assembled from the main and additional unified standard sections (UTS).
The main sections (for longitudinal spans) have dimensions of 144x72 m and 72x72 m; additional sections (for transverse spans) - 24x72 m, 48x72 m; 30x72 m. Grids of columns for one-story multi-span buildings are 18x12 m and 24x12 m, where 12 is the column pitch, 18, 24 is the width of the spans.
Shorter spans are used for workshops with small equipment. For industries with large-sized equipment, the span width can be increased up to 30 or even up to 36 m.
For assembly spans, additional (crane) sections are used with dimensions of 24x72 m2, 48x72 m2 and 30x72 m2.
The most common TCBs with dimensions in terms of 144x72 m, with a grid of columns 12x18 and 12x24 m are shown in fig. 7.2.
In light engineering and in instrumentation, multi-storey industrial buildings are most widely used. Such buildings are composed of unified standard sections with dimensions of 48x24, 48x36 and 48x48 m. Usually these buildings have from 2 to 5 floors with a grid of columns
6x6, 6x9, 9x9, 6x12, 6x18 and 6x24 m. Types and sizes of the main unified
sections of multi-storey industrial buildings shown in fig. 7.3. Multi-storey buildings with a grid of columns 6x12, 6x18 and 6x24 m are widespread. Enlarged grids of columns increase the capacity of the building by (8-15)%. The width of the building is taken, as a rule, 24 m. An increase in the width of the building leads to poor illumination of the middle zone and is allowed if auxiliary and amenity premises are located in the middle spans, as well as when combined lighting is used - natural at the outer walls and artificial in the middle part of the building. The height of the building ranges from 3.6 m (for craneless floors) to 6 m (upper floors with overhead cranes) and even up to 7.2 m (lower floors).
Premises for sanitary and administrative and cultural services for workers and employees at machine-building plants are located in extensions to industrial buildings, in separate buildings or directly in production. The latter is undesirable due to the high cost of 1 m2 of production space and the necessary sanitary and hygienic conditions that are difficult to implement according to SNiP 2.09.04-87. Extensions adjoin either from the side of the end walls or from the side of the longitudinal walls. The first option is preferred (Fig. 7.4).
AT individual cases sanitary and administrative and office premises are located in basements or semi-basements, on mezzanines, free production areas, in the inter-farm space, in special superstructures above the production building, which is also undesirable.
In connection with the maximum blocking of buildings, it is widely practiced to place administrative, office and sanitary facilities in inserts, which are located in the places of transverse and longitudinal expansion joints of the section (Fig. 7.4, c).
Space-planning solutions for administrative, office and sanitary facilities of attached or detached auxiliary buildings are unified (SN and P 2.09.04-87. Administrative and amenity buildings). They are assembled from UTS with a length of 36, 48, 60 m and a width of 12 or 18 m (Fig. 7.5). These UTS are based on grids of columns (6+6)x6 m or (6+6+6)x6 m. For detached auxiliary buildings, a grid of columns (6+6+6)x6 m is most often used.
Auxiliary buildings for the placement of administrative, office and sanitary premises of the workshop are usually built 2-4 storey (floor height - 3.3 m), which ensures the maximum approximation of general workshop services to production sites. Free areas (on the upper
floors) are used to accommodate general factory and general building services.
Permitted uses land plots(VRI).
In accordance with Guidelines according to the state cadastral valuation of land plots of the category of settlements, 17 types of permitted use were established:
1. Land, designed to accommodate houses of medium-rise and high-rise residential buildings (1VRI).
2. Land plots intended for placement of low-rise residential buildings, including individual residential buildings (2VRI).
3. Land plots intended for the placement of garages and parking lots (3VRI).
4. Land plots intended for summer cottage construction, gardening and horticulture (4VRI).
5. Land plots intended for placement of objects of trade, Catering and consumer services (5VRI).
6. Land plots intended for accommodation of hotels (6VRI).
7. Land plots intended for placement office buildings business and commercial purposes (7VRI).
8. Land plots intended for placement of recreational and health-improving facilities (8VRI).
9. Land plots intended for the placement of industrial and administrative buildings, structures, industrial facilities, public utilities, logistics, food supply, marketing and procurement (9VRI).
10. Land plots intended for placement of power plants, structures and facilities serving them (10VRI).
11. Land plots intended for the placement of ports, water, railway stations, road stations, airports, airfields, air terminals (11VRI).
12. Land plots occupied by water bodies in circulation (12VRI).
13. Land plots intended for the development of minerals, the placement of railway tracks, highways, artificially created inland waterways, berths, piers, right of way of railways and roads, waterways, pipelines, cable, radio relay and overhead communication lines and radio lines, overhead power lines, structural elements and structures, objects necessary for operation, maintenance, construction, reconstruction, repair, development of ground and underground buildings, buildings, structures, transport, energy and communication devices; placement of ground structures and infrastructure of satellite communications, objects of space activity, military facilities (13VRI).
14. Land plots occupied by specially protected territories and objects, urban forests, squares, parks, urban gardens (14VRI).
15. Land plots intended for agricultural use (15VRI).
16. Land plots of streets, avenues, squares, highways, alleys, boulevards, outposts, lanes, driveways, dead ends; land plots of reserve lands; land plots occupied by water bodies withdrawn from circulation or limited in circulation in accordance with the law Russian Federation; land plots under the right of way of reservoirs, canals and collectors, embankments (16VRI).
17. Land plots intended for placement of administrative buildings, objects of education, science, health care and social security, physical culture and sports, culture, art, religion (17VRI).
Details 12/30/2010 13:20
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5. Space-planning and design solutions
5.1. space-planning and constructive solution buildings should help to eliminate the possibility of injury when people are in it in the process of movement, work, use of mobile devices, technological and engineering equipment.
Building structures must have durability and reliability, taking into account possible hazardous effects, as well as resistance to progressive collapse, confirmed by appropriate calculations.
The bases and load-bearing structures of the building during construction and operation should not have cracks, damage and deformations leading to a decrease in the operational properties of buildings.
Structures must be designed for the action of loads from their own weight and structures that rely on them, snow and wind loads, loads from process equipment, transport and engineering equipment in accordance with SP 20.13330, taking into account the perception of impact from hazardous geological processes in the construction area.
Space-planning solutions should be developed taking into account the need to reduce dynamic effects on building structures, technological processes and workers caused by vibroactive equipment or external sources of vibration.
In buildings of great length, temperature-shrinkage, sedimentary or anti-seismic seams should be provided, depending on their space-planning solutions and the natural and climatic conditions of the construction area.
5.2. In order to reduce operating energy costs, it is advisable to make space-planning solutions for a building with a minimum value of the compactness index, equal to the ratio of the surface area of the outer shell of the building to the volume contained in it.
5.3. Energy and sanitary equipment, when permitted by the operating conditions, should be located in open areas, providing, if necessary, local shelters.
5.4. In rooms, the height from the floor to the bottom of the protruding structures of the floor (cover) must be at least 2.2 m, the height from the floor to the bottom of the protruding parts of communications and equipment in places of regular passage of people and on evacuation routes - at least 2 m, and in places irregular passage of people - at least 1.8 m. If it is necessary to enter the building of cars, the height of the passage should be at least 4.2 m to the bottom of structures, protruding parts of communications and equipment, for fire trucks - at least 4.5 m.
The geometric parameters of mobile (inventory) buildings must comply with the requirements of GOST 22853.
5.5. In buildings and premises that, according to the technology, require maintaining stable air parameters in them and placing engineering equipment and communications, it is allowed to provide: suspended (felted) ceilings and raised floors - when access to communications does not require a passage for maintenance personnel. To serve these communications, it is allowed to design hatches and vertical steel stairs; technical floors - when, according to the conditions of technology, for the maintenance of engineering equipment, communications and auxiliary technological devices located on these floors, a passageway is required, the height of which is taken in accordance with 5.4.
5.6. It is allowed to provide for the entry of railway tracks into buildings in accordance with the technological part of the project and taking into account the requirements of 5.43. The top of the railheads of the railroad tracks must be at the level of the finished floor.
5.7. In multi-storey buildings with a height of more than 15 m from the planning level of the ground to the level of the finished floor of the upper floor (not counting the technical floor) and the presence of permanent jobs or equipment at the level of more than 15 m that needs to be serviced more than three times per shift, passenger elevators should be provided according to GOST R 53770. Freight elevators should be provided in accordance with the technological part of the project in accordance with GOST R 53771. The number and capacity of elevators should be taken depending on passenger and freight traffic. If the number of employees (in the most numerous shift) is not more than 30 on all floors located above 15 m, one elevator should be provided in the building. If there are rooms on the second floor and above intended for the work of disabled people using wheelchairs, a passenger elevator should be provided in the building if it is impossible to organize jobs for disabled people on the ground floor. The elevator cabin must have dimensions of at least: width - 1.1 m, depth - 2.1 m, width of the doorway - 0.85 m.
5.8. Exits from cellars should be provided outside the area of operation of handling equipment.
5.9. The width of tambours and tambour locks should be taken at least 0.5 m more than the width of the openings (0.25 m on each side of the opening), and the depth - more than the width of the door or gate leaf by 0.2 m or more, but not less than 1.2 m. In the presence of working disabled people using wheelchairs, the depth of the vestibules and vestibules should be taken at least 1.8 m.
5.10. In rooms of categories A and B, external, easily dropped enclosing structures should be provided. Single-glazed windows and skylights should generally be used as easy-to-reset structures. In case of insufficient glazing area, it is allowed to use roofing structures with roofs made of steel, aluminum, asbestos-cement and bituminous corrugated sheets, from flexible tiles, metal tiles, asbestos-cement and slate tiles and effective non-combustible insulation as easy-to-reset structures. The area of easily dropped structures should be determined by calculation. In the absence of design data, the area of easily dropped structures should be at least 0.05 m2 per 1 m3 of the volume of a room of category A and at least 0.03 m2 of a room of category B.
Notes.
1. Window glass is classified as easy-to-reset structures with a thickness of 3, 4 and 5 mm and an area of at least (respectively) 0.8, 1 and 1.5 m2. Armored glass, double-glazed windows, triplex, stalinite and polycarbonate do not belong to easily dropped structures.
2. Rolled carpet in areas of easy-to-reset cover structures should be cut into cards with an area of not more than 180 m2 each.
3. The design load from the mass of easily dropped pavement structures should be no more than 0.7 kPa.
5.11. Galleries, platforms and stairs for servicing cranes should be designed in accordance with the rules for the construction and safe operation of cranes.
5.12. For the repair and cleaning of the glazing of windows and skylights, in cases where the use of mobile or portable floor inventory devices (leaning ladders, rolling platforms, telescopic lifts) is impossible due to the placement of technological equipment or the overall height of the building, it is necessary to provide stationary devices that ensure the safe implementation of the specified works.
5.13. The need for the installation of lanterns and their type (anti-aircraft, U-shaped, light, light-aeration, etc.) are established by the project depending on the characteristics of the technological process, sanitary and hygienic and environmental requirements, taking into account the climatic conditions of the construction area.
5.14. Lanterns must be non-blown. The length of the lanterns should be no more than 120 m. The distance between the ends of the lanterns and between the end of the lantern and the outer wall should be at least 6 m. The opening of the sashes of the lanterns should be mechanized (with the inclusion of opening mechanisms at the exits from the premises), duplicated by manual control.
5.15. Under the glazing of skylights, made of sheet silicate glass and double-glazed windows, as well as along the inner side of the glazing of rectangular light-aeration lanterns, a protective metal mesh should be provided.
5.16. In buildings with internal drains, it is allowed to use a parapet as a fence on the roof. With a parapet height of less than 0.6 m, it should be supplemented with a lattice fence up to a height of 0.6 m from the roof surface.
5.17. With remote and automatic opening of the gate, it must also be possible to open them manually in all cases. Clear door dimensions for land transport should be taken in excess of the dimensions of vehicles (in the loaded state) by at least 0.2 m in height and 0.6 m in width.
5.18. The slope of the marches in the stairwells should be taken at least 1: 2 with a tread width of 0.3 m; for basements and attics, it is allowed to take a slope of flights of stairs of 1: 1.5 with a tread width of 0.26 m.
5.19. Internal open stairs (in the absence of stairwell walls) must have a slope of no more than 1:1. The slope of open stairs for passage to single workplaces can be increased up to 2:1. For inspection of equipment with a lifting height of not more than 10 m, it is allowed to design vertical stairs with a width of 0.6 m.
5.20. In the presence of working disabled people with disorders of the musculoskeletal system, the slope of the stairs on the evacuation routes should be no more than 1:2.
5.21. For buildings with a height from the planning ground level to the cornice or top of the parapet of 10 m or more, one exit to the roof should be designed (for every full and incomplete 40,000 m2 of roof), including buildings: one-story - through an external open steel staircase; multi-storey - from the staircase.
In cases where it is impractical to have a staircase for access to the roof within the height of the upper floor, it is allowed for buildings with a height from the planning mark of the earth to the mark of the finished floor of the upper floor of no more than 30 m to design an external open steel staircase to access the roof from the staircase through the platform this staircase.
5.22. Placement of premises of various categories in buildings and their separation from each other, requirements for evacuation routes and exits, smoke exhaust devices, locks, tambour locks, stairwells and stairs, roof exits should be taken in accordance with the requirements federal law dated July 22, 2008 N 123-FZ "Technical regulations on the requirements fire safety"and SP 1.13130, SP 2.13130, SP 4.13130, SP 6.13130.
It is allowed to build a warehouse or administrative floor into a production building, as well as a production or administrative floor into a warehouse building, provided that the building complies with the requirements of SP 44.13330 and this SP.
AT one-story buildings terminals of I and II degrees of fire resistance of the constructive fire hazard class C0, if necessary, the construction of evacuation corridors fenced off with fire barriers of the 1st type and provided with air overpressure in case of fire is allowed. In this case, the length of the corridor is not taken into account when calculating the length of the evacuation route.
5.23. The distance from the most remote workplace in the room to the nearest emergency exit from the room directly to the outside or to the stairwell should not exceed the values given in Table 29 of SP 1.13130.
5.24. The distance along the corridor from the door of the most remote room with an area of not more than 1000 m2 to the nearest exit to the outside or to the stairwell should not exceed the values \u200b\u200bgiven in Table 30 of SP 1.13130.
5.25. The width of the evacuation exit (door) from the premises should be taken depending on the total number of people evacuating through this exit, and the number of people per 1 m width of the exit (door) established in Table 31 of SP 1.13130, but not less than 0.9 m if working disabled people with disorders of the musculoskeletal system.
The number of people per 1 m of the width of the emergency exit at intermediate values of the volume of the premises is determined by interpolation.
The number of people per 1 m of the width of the evacuation exit (door) from rooms with a height of more than 6 m increases: with a room height of 12 m - by 20%, 18 m - by 30%, 24 m - by 40%; at intermediate values of the height of the premises, the increase in the number of people per 1 m of the width of the exit is determined by interpolation.
5.26. The width of the evacuation exit (door) from the corridor to the outside or to the stairwell should be taken depending on the total number of people evacuating through this exit and the number of people per 1 m of the width of the exit (door) specified in Table 32 of SP 1.13130, but not less than 0 .8 m, in the presence of working disabled people with disorders of the musculoskeletal system - at least 0.9 m.
5.27. In the presence of working disabled people with disorders of the musculoskeletal system, the width of the flight of stairs should be taken at least 1.2 m.
5.28. In rooms and corridors, smoke removal should be provided in case of fire in accordance with the requirements of SP 7.13130.
5.29. The degree of fire resistance, the class of constructive fire hazard, the height of buildings and the floor area of the building within the fire compartment should be taken for industrial buildings according to table 6.1 of SP 2.13130, for storage buildings - according to table 6.3 of SP 2.13130.
When placing warehouses in industrial buildings, the floor area storage facilities within the fire compartment and their height (number of floors) should not exceed the values specified in Table 6.3 of SP 2.13130.
If there are platforms, whatnots and mezzanines, the area of which at any level exceeds 40% of the floor area of the room, the floor area is determined as for a multi-storey building with the number of floors determined according to 4.11.
5.30. When placing in the same building or room technological processes with different explosion and fire hazards, measures should be taken to prevent explosion and fire spread. The effectiveness of these measures should be justified in the technological part of the project. If these measures are not effective enough, then technological processes with various explosion and fire hazards should be placed in separate rooms and separated in accordance with the requirements of SP 4.13130.
5.31. Basements, when placing rooms of categories B1 - B3 in them, must be separated in accordance with the requirements of SP 4.13130.
5.32. In hot shops with excessive heat release, enclosing structures should be designed, as a rule, not insulated.
5.33. On roofs with a slope of up to 12% inclusive in buildings with a height of more than 10 m to the eaves or top of the parapet, as well as on roofs with a slope of more than 12% in buildings with a height of more than 7 m to the bottom of the eaves, fences should be provided in accordance with GOST 25772. Regardless of fence building heights that meet the requirements of this standard should be provided on roofs in operation.
In hot shops with a significant release of heat and other industrial hazards, steep roofs should be provided.
5.34. Roofs of heated buildings should be made with an internal drain. It is allowed to install roofs with an external organized drain in heated and unheated buildings, provided that measures are taken to prevent the formation of icicles and ice.
5.35. In one-story warehouse buildings with high-rise rack storage, it is allowed, upon justification, to use rack structures as roofing supports and fastening of external walls.
5.36. In warehouses for storing food products, it is necessary to provide: enclosing structures without protruding ribs and from materials that are not destroyed by rodents; solid and void-free canvases of external doors, gates and manhole covers; devices for closing openings of channels of ventilation systems; steel mesh fencing (with mesh size not exceeding 12 x 12 mm) of ventilation openings in walls and air ducts located within a height of 1.2 m above floor level, and basement windows (window steel mesh fencing structures must be opening or removable).
In the projects of such warehouse buildings, it is necessary to provide instructions on the careful sealing of holes for the passage of pipelines (in walls, partitions and ceilings) and interfaces of enclosing structures of premises (internal and external walls, partitions between themselves and with floors or ceilings).
Warehouses intended for the storage of food products can be equipped with deratization systems.
5.37. Columns and structures for framing openings in warehouse buildings in areas of heavy truck traffic must be protected from mechanical damage and painted in accordance with the requirements of GOST R 12.4.026.
To limit damage to columns during the movement of goods, as a rule, tubular sections should be used.
5.38. Loading and unloading ramps and platforms should be designed taking into account the requirements for protecting cargo and handling mechanisms from atmospheric precipitation.
A canopy over railway loading and unloading ramps and platforms must overlap the axis of the railway track by at least 0.5 m, and over automobile ramps it must block the roadway by at least 1.5 m from the edge of the ramp.
5.39. The length of the loading and unloading ramp should be determined depending on the turnover and capacity of the warehouse, as well as on the basis of the space-planning solution of the building.
The width of the loading and unloading ramps and platforms must be taken in accordance with the requirements of the technology and safety of loading and unloading operations.
5.40. The structures of ramps and canopies adjacent to buildings of I, II, III and IV degrees of fire resistance of fire hazard classes C0 and C1 should be made of non-combustible materials.
5.41. Loading and unloading ramps and platforms must have at least two dispersed stairs or ramps.
5.42. The mark of the edge of the loading and unloading ramp for road transport from the side of the entrance of cars should be equal to 1.2 m from the surface level of the carriageway or loading and unloading area.
5.43. Loading and unloading ramps and platforms for railway rolling stock should be designed taking into account the requirements of GOST 9238.
5.44. The width of the ramps for the passage of floor vehicles must be at least 0.6 m higher than the maximum width of the loaded vehicle. The slope of ramps should be taken no more than 16% when placed indoors and no more than 10% when placed outside buildings.
5.45. In warehouses, the temperature, relative humidity and air velocity must be taken in accordance with the requirements of the technology for storing goods and the requirements of SP 60.13330.
Dock shelters should be mounted in the door openings in the outer walls, isolating the interior of the warehouse from the effects of the external environment.
5.46. The structures and materials of bases and floor coverings of warehouse buildings and premises should be assigned taking into account the perception of loads from stored goods, the type and intensity of mechanical effects of floor transport and dust separation, the accumulation of static electricity and sparking, taking into account the requirements of SP 29.13330.
The use of tar and tar mastics and other environmentally harmful materials is not allowed for floor coverings of warehouses intended for the storage of food products.
When storing goods whose temperature exceeds 60 °C, heat-resistant floors should be provided.
5.47. Multi-storey warehouse buildings of categories B and C should be designed with a width of no more than 60 m.
5.48. Warehouse premises of industrial buildings should be separated from other premises in accordance with the requirements of SP 4.13130.
5.49. Warehouse buildings with high-rise rack storage should be designed taking into account the requirements of SP 4.13130.
5.50. When separating warehouses with goods that are the same in terms of fire hazard by partitions according to technological or sanitary conditions, the requirements for partitions are determined in the technological part of the project.
According to the requirements of the cargo storage technology, it is allowed to place the forwarding, acceptance, sorting and picking of cargoes directly in storages, without separating them with partitions. At the same time, it is allowed to protect the workplaces of merchandisers, experts, storekeepers, rejecters, accountants and operators with partitions with non-standardized fire resistance limits and a fire hazard class (glazed or with a mesh with a height of the deaf part of not more than 1.2 m, collapsible and sliding).
5.51. In the window openings of warehouse buildings, opening window transoms with a total area determined by the calculation of smoke removal in case of fire should be arranged.
It is allowed not to arrange window openings in storage rooms while ensuring smoke removal in accordance with the requirements of SP 7.13130.
Thermal power plants. Collection of normative documents Team of authors
3. TERRITORY, INDUSTRIAL BUILDINGS AND FACILITIES FOR LOCATION OF THERMAL POWER PLANTS
3.1. General provisions
3.1.1. The territory for the placement of industrial buildings and structures of thermal power plants is determined by the project and the passport of the thermal power plant.
3.1.2. During the operation of thermal power plants, systematic monitoring of buildings and structures is carried out. Control is carried out by persons from among the management personnel and specialists of the organization who have passed the test of knowledge of these Rules and appointed by order.
3.1.3. Each organization operating thermal installations draws up and permanently stores the following documentation:
administrative documents for the enterprise on the distribution of responsibility for the operation and repairs of industrial buildings and structures for the placement of thermal power plants between the heads of the organization's departments with a clear list of buildings, structures, premises and land plots assigned to them;
copies of orders, instructions of the management on the operation and repair of industrial buildings and structures;
an order or order on the allocation from the personnel of the organization's divisions responsible for monitoring the operation of buildings, structures and territories transferred to the jurisdiction of the division operating thermal power plants;
local instructions for the operation of buildings and structures of the organization's divisions, developed on the basis of a model, taking into account specific local conditions;
scheme-master plan of the organization with drawing on it of buildings and structures and the boundaries of dividing the territory into sections transferred under the responsibility of units operating thermal power plants;
executive schemes-general plans of underground structures and communications on the territory of the organization;
sets of drawings of the construction part of the projects of each building and structure of the organization with executive drawings and diagrams for those structures and communications that were changed during the construction process against the original design solution; passports for each building and structure;
technical inspection logs building structures buildings and structures;
logs for registering the results of measuring the level of groundwater in piezometer wells and materials for chemical analyzes of groundwater;
logs of the state of the environment for buildings and structures where processes periodically occur or are possible that violate the environmental parameters determined by sanitary standards, or corrosion processes of building structures are noted. The list of such buildings and structures is approved by the head of the organization;
information and technical literature, a set of necessary regulatory documents or instructions on the operation and repair of industrial buildings and structures;
approved by the head job descriptions personnel operating the territories, buildings and structures for the placement of thermal power plants.
3.2. Territory
3.2.1. To ensure the proper operational and sanitary condition of the territory, buildings and structures, organizations for the placement of thermal power plants perform and maintain in good condition:
fencing of the relevant part of the territory; systems for the removal of surface water from the entire territory from buildings and structures (drainages, contages, ditches, drainage channels, etc.);
networks of water supply, sewerage, thermal, transport, gaseous and liquid fuels, etc.;
networks of outdoor lighting, communications, signaling; sources of drinking water, reservoirs and sanitary zones for the protection of water supply sources;
railway tracks and crossings, roads, fire lanes, entrances to fire hydrants, reservoirs, bridges, pedestrian roads and crossings, etc.;
anti-landslide, anti-landslide, bank protection, anti-avalanche and anti-mudflow structures; basic and working benchmarks and marks;
piezometers and control wells for monitoring the groundwater regime;
lightning protection and grounding systems.
3.2.2. Communications hidden underground: water pipelines, sewerage, heat pipelines, as well as gas pipelines, air pipelines and cables of all purposes are indicated on the surface of the earth with signs.
3.2.3. In the presence of stray currents on the territory, the protection of underground metal communications and structures is provided by an electrochemical method.
3.2.4. By the beginning of the floods, all drainage networks and devices are subject to inspection and preparation for the passage of surface water; the places of passage of cables, pipes, ventilation ducts through the walls are sealed, and the pumping mechanisms are brought to a state of readiness for operation.
3.2.5. In boiler houses with an installed capacity of 10 or more Gcal/h, it is necessary to organize observations of the groundwater level in control piezometer wells with a frequency of:
in 1 year of operation - at least 1 time per month;
in subsequent years - depending on the change in the level of groundwater, but at least 1 time per quarter.
Control wells-piezometers should be located in the zone highest density networks of water supply, sewerage and heat supply. The results of observations are recorded in a special journal.
In karst zones, control over the groundwater regime is organized according to special programs within the time limits provided for by local instructions.
3.2.6. In case of detection of subsidence and landslide phenomena, heaving of soils in the territory of location of thermal power plants, measures are taken to eliminate the causes that caused the violation of normal soil conditions and eliminate their consequences.
3.2.7. The construction of buildings and structures is carried out only if there is a project.
Performance of all construction and installation works within the exclusion zone where thermal power plants are located is allowed with the permission of the head of the operating organization, with a technical justification.
This text is an introductory piece. From the book Rules for the technical operation of thermal power plants in questions and answers. A guide for studying and preparing for a knowledge test author Krasnik Valentin Viktorovich2. ORGANIZATION OF OPERATION OF THERMAL POWER INSTALLATIONS 2.1. General provisions Question 6. What document appoints the person responsible for the good condition and safe operation of thermal power plants and his deputy? Answer. Appointed by an administrative document
From the book Thermal power plants. Collection of regulatory documents author Team of authorsDuplication during the operation of thermal power plants Question 33. What kind of personnel undergoes duplication? (Answer. Operational, operational and repair personnel and operational managers are duplicated after an initial check of knowledge of these Rules, a long
From the book Rules for the technical operation of thermal power plants author Team of authors2.4. Acceptance and admission to operation of thermal power plants Question 61. What tests are carried out before acceptance into operation of thermal power plants? Answer. Acceptance testing of equipment is carried out and commissioning works individual elements of thermal
From the author's book2.5. Monitoring the efficiency of thermal power plants Question 67. What measures does the organization provide for the efficient operation of thermal power plants? Answer. Provides: accounting of fuel and energy resources; development of regulatory
From the author's book2.6. Technical control over the condition of thermal power plants Question 73. What is the purpose of technical examination of all thermal power plants? Answer. They are subjected to: assess their technical condition; establish the terms and conditions of their
From the author's book2.7. Maintenance, repair and conservation of thermal power plants Question 77. When are maintenance and repairs of control equipment for thermal power plants performed? Answer. Produced during the repair of the main equipment (clause 2.7.5). Question 78.
From the author's book3. TERRITORY, INDUSTRIAL BUILDINGS AND FACILITIES FOR LOCATION OF THERMAL POWER INSTALLATIONS 3.1. General provisions Question 105. What documentation determines the territory for the placement of thermal power plants? Answer. Determined by the project and thermal passport
From the author's book3.3. Industrial buildings and structures Question 111. According to what schedule are inspections of each building and structure carried out? Answer. They are carried out according to the schedule: for boiler houses with an installed capacity of 10 Gcal / h or more - at least 1 time in 4 months. with a service life of more than 15 years; for
From the author's book12. WATER TREATMENT AND WATER-CHEMICAL MODE OF THERMAL POWER INSTALLATIONS AND NETWORKS Question 413. What personnel organizes the water-chemical mode of operation of the equipment and controls it? Answer. Carried out by trained personnel of the chemical laboratory or
From the author's bookRULES FOR THE TECHNICAL OPERATION OF THERMAL POWER PLANTS MINISTRY OF ENERGY OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION Order No. 115 of March 24, 2003 Registered with the Ministry of Justice of the Russian Federation on April 2, 2003 No. 4358 On approval of the rules for the technical operation of thermal power plants
From the author's book From the author's book From the author's bookTeam of Authors Rules for the technical operation of thermal power plants MINISTRY OF ENERGY OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION Order dated March 24, 2003 No. 115 Registered with the Ministry of Justice of the Russian Federation April 2, 2003 No. 4358 On approval of the rules for the technical operation of thermal
From the author's book2. ORGANIZATION OF OPERATION OF THERMAL POWER INSTALLATIONS 2.1. General provisions 2.1.1. The operation of thermal power plants of the organization is carried out by trained thermal power personnel. Depending on the volume and complexity of work on the operation of thermal
From the author's book3. TERRITORY, INDUSTRIAL BUILDINGS AND FACILITIES FOR LOCATION OF THERMAL POWER INSTALLATIONS 3.1. General provisions 3.1.1. The territory for the placement of industrial buildings and structures of thermal power plants is determined by the project and the passport of the thermal power plant. 3.1.2.
From the author's book12. WATER TREATMENT AND WATER-CHEMICAL REGIME OF THERMAL POWER INSTALLATIONS AND NETWORKS 12.1. Organize the water-chemical regime in order to ensure the reliable operation of thermal power plants, pipelines and other equipment without damage and loss of efficiency caused by
