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Hello! Well, firstly, if you have more than one such bill with traces of mold or with any other damage, you can try to exchange them at an American bank. Here at this link http://forum.russianamerica.com/f/showthread.php?t=61813 you can read recommendations regarding the exchange.
But, there are also opinions that you can apply to any of our banks. There, it seems like for a dollar with damage they give 10% less. Maybe this is a better solution than trying in every possible way to remove mold stains? After all, in this process there is a big risk of completely losing money. Anyway, try these options first.
Now about others.
The bill contains organic dirt, rust stains, etc.
Personally, it seems to me that mold also belongs to organic pollution.
If a banknote stained with paint, oil, flooded with petroleum products, then it is washed with organic solvents: gasoline, benzene, wine alcohol, etc. (according to the principle: like dissolves in like).
Rusty spots can be the products of the vital activity of bacteria (in the case of mold, too, after all), which have accumulated iron oxides introduced into the base or printing ink, and can also form when a wet bill comes into contact with metal objects. To remove rust stains, oxalic acid (with a concentration of up to 5%) and citric acid, as well as potassium permanganate, are used. In this case, a solution of low concentration is first used, and then it is strengthened to a saturated solution. After removing the spots, the sign is washed with cold water for 5-10 minutes.
Just in case, I give other possible ways to remove stains from banknotes and ways to return damaged banknotes to a more or less normal look.
The bill has ink stains.
Violet ink is removed with a 10-30% solution of perhydrol (hydrogen peroxide), which is applied with a glass rod. The resulting yellow liquid is removed with filter paper. The process is repeated until the ink spots are completely gone. Then the sign is washed with cold water for 3-5 minutes.
The banknote is wrinkled, has mechanical impurities.
This defect is eliminated by the "refreshment" method. The banknote is placed on a clean glass surface and bright lighting is turned on (it is desirable to have a lower illumination). Careful oscillatory movements, trying not to damage the text and paper, remove mechanical impurities with a scalpel (some of them can be removed even with a soft eraser). After that, the sign is moistened with slightly warm water (20-30 ° C) and straightened with tweezers on the glass. If it does not lose color, the water temperature can be raised to 30-50°C. The sign straightened in this way should be moistened for 3-10 minutes, depending on the quality of the paper. At the same time, all folds are smoothed out and the bill becomes even. If the water begins to tint or smudges appear on the sign, you should stop wetting with warm water and start pouring cold water over it - the discoloration process will stop and the sign will not be damaged.
The banknote is wrinkled, with torn edges and general soiling.
To eliminate these defects, a banknote is placed on glass and processed in the same way as described above. After the sign has become even, it is necessary to wash off the general pollution. To do this, use a slightly alkaline solution (for example, a solution of 60% laundry or baby soap). Strong (alkaline) solutions cannot be used, as they act on many dyes and the sign may become discolored. They begin to wash the bill along the edges, lightly running a soft gauze swab with cotton wool or a soft brush over them. When doing this, do not press hard on the paper, as you can wash off the paint or damage the paper base. If the tampon begins to stain, the treatment should be stopped, and the surface of the bill should be quickly rinsed with cold water. When one side of the sign is processed, it is carefully turned over onto glass, straightened and processed on the other side. When laundering a banknote, it is advisable not to touch the signatures made in ink, as well as the sometimes available seals or overprints made in ink. They are covered with blotting (filter) paper. After the sign is washed, it is within 5-10 minutes. they are washed with cold water and the torn edges are strengthened on the illuminated glass - they are glued with tissue paper or capacitor paper.
I also assume that you can act here in the same way as if you were removing unwanted stains from any other paper product. Just like they do with books.
Remove mold from books with ammonia, fly stains with vinegar.
Grease stain remove with a warm iron. Lay blotting paper on the stain, iron several times until the blotting paper absorbs all the grease. Remove old greasy stains with a mixture of a few drops of pure gasoline and magnesia powder (sold in pharmacies).
The ink stain can be washed off with a 20% hydrogen peroxide solution or a purple solution of potassium permanganate. True, potassium permanganate leaves a brown mark behind. To remove it, put a few crystals of oxalic acid (available in pharmacies) in a teaspoon, pour hot water...
For a long time, advertising called for: it is better to keep money in a savings bank. The wits added: and by no means in glass jar. Few people thought about the relevance of such a formulation of the question. It turns out that the global currency - dollars - is under threat: it is being eaten not only by inflation, but also by an invisible fungus.
No right to exchange
The words of Ekaterina from Vitebsk are worthy of a satirist’s pen: “I don’t know how it’s profitable for me to get rid of dollars!” And it's not a joke. The fact is that one evening Katya and I went to the exchanger to buy for a hundred dollar bill Belorussian rubles Unforeseen expenses sometimes happen. What was our surprise when we heard from the cashier who was looking through the banknote under ultraviolet light: “It glows blue with you. It was eaten by a fungus, we don’t change those.” Moreover, as it turned out, there was not enough space for the invisible dollar bill and, the cashier stated, having checked the neighbors in Katya's wallet, the "healthy" twenties were also already damaged. “But you can still exchange them without a commission,” was the final verdict.
Eaters of "green"
As the candidate of biological sciences, head of the laboratory of mycology at the Institute of Experimental Botany named after A. VF Kuprevich of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus Olga Gapienko, a fungus living on a dollar bill is a common occurrence. The main reason for damage to banknotes is a violation of storage conditions: low temperature, high relative humidity (the norm is up to 55 percent), lack of ventilation.
If you leave a pack of banknotes in a damp, unventilated room with a low temperature, one of which is affected by a fungus, after a while its spores will move to neighboring banknotes and begin to “eat” the paper. Therefore, in no case should dollars be buried in the ground, they should be stored in a dry room, they should not be packed in cellophane, thereby creating ideal conditions for the life of the "green" eaters.
Why does the fungus infect the dollar? It turns out that the manufacturing technology of the euro and Belarusian currency somewhat different, it provides for stronger fibers that are inaccessible to destructive processes.
Disappointing hike
Katya and I went through other exchangers in the hope of getting rid of the banknote, which outwardly does not differ from the “healthy” one. But we did not succeed in changing the unfortunate banknote in any exchange office in Vitebsk. True, the reaction was different. One cashier asked us bluntly if a piece of paper was lying in a puddle. In another place, they were curious: “Did you buy it abroad?” In the third bank, by the way, I asked to be allowed to look through the ultraviolet at the depreciated banknote. She really shone with dots, like a sieve. The dots were bright blue.
Non-Acceptance Commission
Victor Sosnovsky, Chief Specialist of the Department for the Organization and Methodology of Cash Operations at the National Bank, said that banknote paper, including US dollars, should not glow in ultraviolet rays: unlike ordinary paper, it does not contain optical brightener and therefore looks brighter in filtered ultraviolet light. dark. The glow of the paper indicates either a fake or a chemical effect on a genuine banknote. However, a local glow under ultraviolet does not always mean that a “fungus has worked” here. Both money washed with clothes and those that were exposed to an aggressive environment glow, and a bank employee cannot accurately determine which factor caused the glow. Therefore, cashiers who refused to accept a hundred-dollar bill glowing under ultraviolet light could have been mistaken that the fungus was the cause of the non-payment of the banknote, the expert added.
Answering the question in which banks they can still accept dollar "non-standard", Viktor Sosnovsky said that banks can independently develop a list of signs of payment of banknotes in foreign currency, taking into account the requirements of foreign banks or intermediary banks with which they have concluded relevant agreements. Therefore, the same banknote can be exchanged in one bank, and in another it cannot be exchanged even with a commission. Damaged currency, for example, is accepted at Belvnesheconombank, BPS-Sberbank, Belarusbank, Belinvestbank, BTA Bank, BelSwissBank, Belgazprombank with a small commission set by the banks themselves (about 2-3.5%). The decision to accept a banknote or not is made by the cashier, guided by the position of his bank on the signs of payment of foreign currency. Every year, a considerable amount of American currency with defects, including with a fungus, is exported abroad. Talking about the "epidemic" of the fungus in Belarus would be a big stretch, experts are sure. But it is also impossible to ignore the problem.
Favorable interest
Ekaterina still sold her hundred dollars. She turned to the bank administrator, who helped her exchange the “luminous” bill, and also gave good advice: “It is better to keep money in the bank. Not only will you not lose, but the interest will run up. And indeed, savings should bring benefits, and not be eaten up by inflation and fungi.
Someone keeps savings in savings banks, and someone - in glass. The latter option, writes Narodnaya Gazeta, is fraught with very unexpected troubles. If stored improperly, dollar bills can be affected by a fungus. Such a story happened to Ekaterina, a resident of Vitebsk. The exchange office refused to accept the $100 that belonged to her: under ultraviolet light, the bill glowed blue. "She was eaten by a fungus, we do not change such ones," the cashier said.
As the candidate of biological sciences, head of the laboratory of mycology at the Institute of Experimental Botany named after A. VF Kuprevich of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus Olga Gapienko, a fungus living on a dollar bill is a common occurrence. The main reason for damage to banknotes is a violation of storage conditions: low temperature, high relative humidity (normal - up to 55%), lack of ventilation.
If you leave a pack of banknotes in a damp, unventilated room with a low temperature, one of which is affected by a fungus, after a while its spores will move to neighboring banknotes and begin to “eat” the paper. Therefore, dollars should never be buried in the ground, they should be stored in a dry place, they should not be packed in cellophane.
Why does the fungus infect the dollar? It turns out that the manufacturing technology of the euro and the Belarusian currency is somewhat different, it provides for stronger fibers that are not subject to destructive processes.
Viktor Sosnovsky, Chief Specialist of the Department of Organization and Methodology of Cash Operations of the National Bank, said that banknote paper, including US dollars, should not glow in ultraviolet rays: unlike ordinary paper, it does not contain optical brightener and therefore looks dark in filtered ultraviolet light. The glow of the paper indicates either a fake or a chemical effect on a genuine banknote. However, a local glow under ultraviolet does not always mean that the fungus has “worked” here. Both money washed with clothes and those that were exposed to an aggressive environment glow, and a bank employee cannot accurately determine which factor caused the glow. Therefore, cashiers who refused to accept a hundred-dollar bill glowing under ultraviolet light could have been mistaken that the fungus was the cause of the non-payment of the banknote, the expert added.
Answering the question about which banks can still accept dollar "non-standard", Viktor Sosnovsky said that banks can independently develop a list of signs of payment of banknotes in foreign currency, taking into account the requirements of foreign banks or intermediary banks with which they have concluded relevant agreements . Therefore, the same banknote can be exchanged in one bank, and in another it cannot be exchanged even with a commission. Damaged currency, for example, is accepted at Belvnesheconombank, BPS-Sberbank, Belarusbank, Belinvestbank, BTA Bank, BelSwissBank, Belgazprombank with a small commission set by the banks themselves (about 2-3 5%). The decision to accept a banknote or not is made by the cashier, guided by the position of his bank on the signs of payment of foreign currency. Every year, a considerable amount of American currency with defects, including with a fungus, is exported abroad. It is wrong to talk about the “epidemic” of the fungus in Belarus, but, according to experts, one cannot ignore the problem either.
Removing dirt from banknotes is not a simple process, one might say, jewelry work.
Each bonist has his own, proven over the years, method of removing various raids and stains from banknotes. For example, clean money with citric acid. Maybe that's where the expression "laundering" money came from. But sometimes booms can fade or deform during such “operations”. But at the same time, a fake can also be detected, when a “banknote” turns into a blank sheet of paper during the cleaning process.
In any case, before starting work, it is necessary to clearly know the origin of the stain and the properties of the material from which it will be removed.
In this case, we are talking about dollars. All dollars are printed on special paper, which is dominated by cotton and linen. This is far from the paper that books are printed on. And it can be easily distinguished. To the touch it is rough and velvety, almost like matter. Also, the paper of real dollars is very strong and durable. She's not that easy to break. The paper of genuine US dollars is elastic to the touch.
Dollars are printed using high quality dyes. Therefore, the drawing on American money does not fade or fade. Highly good way to check the quality of the paint is to rub the banknote with force. If the paint is smeared or even a little stained on the finger, then doubts about the authenticity of the banknote are quite justified.
Real dollars have special magnetic inclusions. In appearance, they look like colored villi located in different places on a banknote. These villi come in different colors - red, blue black. Their distinguishing feature is that the villi are by no means drawn, but interspersed.
Litol is a plastic waterproof lubricant obtained by thickening petroleum oils with lithium soap of 12-hydroxystearic acid. And accordingly, a stain of this kind refers to stains of fatty and oily origin.
A banknote filled with oil products, stained with paint, oil, is washed with organic solvents: gasoline, benzene, alcohol of wine, etc. (according to the principle: like dissolves in like).
Rusty spots on a banknote can be the products of the vital activity of bacteria that have accumulated iron oxides introduced into the base or printing ink, and can also be formed when a wet banknote comes into contact with metal objects. To remove rust stains, oxalic acid (with a concentration of up to 5%) and citric acid, as well as potassium permanganate, are used. In this case, a solution of low concentration is first used, and then it is strengthened to a saturated solution. After removing the spots, the sign is washed with cold water for 5-10 minutes.
Violet ink is removed with a 10-30% solution of perhydrol (hydrogen peroxide), which is applied with a glass rod. The resulting yellow liquid is removed with filter paper. The process is repeated until the ink spots are completely gone. Then the sign is washed with cold water for 3-5 minutes.
If the bill is crumpled, it has mechanical impurities. This defect is eliminated by the "refreshment" method. The banknote is placed on a clean glass surface and bright lighting is turned on (it is desirable to have a lower illumination). Careful oscillatory movements, trying not to damage the text and paper, remove mechanical impurities with a scalpel (some of them can be removed even with a soft eraser). After that, the sign is moistened with slightly warm water (20-30 ° C) and straightened with tweezers on the glass. If it does not lose color, the water temperature can be raised to 30-50°C. The sign straightened in this way should be moistened for 3-10 minutes, depending on the quality of the paper. At the same time, all folds are smoothed out and the bill becomes even. If the water begins to tint or smudges appear on the sign, you should stop wetting with warm water and start pouring cold water on it - the discoloration process will stop and the sign will not be damaged.
A crumpled bill, with torn edges and general contamination, is placed on the glass and processed in the same way as described above. After the sign has become even, it is necessary to wash off the general pollution. To do this, use a slightly alkaline solution (for example, a solution of 60% laundry or baby soap). Strong (alkaline) solutions cannot be used, as they act on many dyes and the sign may become discolored. They begin to wash the bill along the edges, lightly running a soft gauze swab with cotton wool or a soft brush over them. When doing this, do not press hard on the paper, as you can wash off the paint or damage the paper base. If the tampon begins to stain, the treatment should be stopped, and the surface of the bill should be quickly rinsed with cold water. When one side of the sign is processed, it is carefully turned over onto glass, straightened and processed on the other side. When laundering a banknote, it is advisable not to touch the signatures made in ink, as well as the sometimes available seals or overprints made in ink. They are covered with blotting (filter) paper. After the sign is washed, it is within 5-10 minutes. they are washed with cold water and the torn edges are strengthened on the illuminated glass - they are glued with tissue paper or capacitor paper.
