Hello dear readers of our site. Today we will tell you about the family budget, or rather about how to manage it, how to calculate the family budget for a month, and much more. The family budget is the family's income and expenses for a certain period of time, for example, for one month. There are several family budget management methods that will ensure a reasonable distribution of finances and allow you not only not to get into debt, but also save up to 20% wages.
When planning a budget, you need to take into account its type, which is inherent in your family. Decide which one you will have: separate, common or mixed . Discuss the priorities of each of the spouses (education, investments, loans, starting your own business) and only after that start planning the family budget.
A separate family budget has gained particular popularity abroad, but in our country, many families practice a similar method of distribution. financial resources. A separate budget is usually preferred by wealthy and successful people when managing household a certain amount is allocated, the remaining money each of the spouses spends on personal needs.
Advantages:
Flaws:
A mixed type of family budget implies the allocation, for example, of 80% of the salary of a wife and husband for housekeeping, and each spends the rest on himself. If the spouses managed to save up for an expensive item or unforeseen circumstances arose, then the rules change. You can take money from the general cash desk when you need it.
Advantages:
Flaws:
The most widespread is the general type, in which both spouses bring all the money received to the family, and then decide where to spend it.
Advantages:
Flaws:
Starting to draw up a family budget for a month, analyze income and expenses for previous months. To do this, you need to start keeping records in advance. Money. With such data in hand, spending planning will not cause difficulties.
Main components of the family budget:
The income of the general family budget includes the wages of the wife and husband. If earnings are unstable, then it is reasonable to save some money, forming a "safety cushion" in case of a small income. In the month where a large amount enters the family budget, set aside 20% or more, if possible.
When calculating expenses, take into account income, they must necessarily correspond to each other. If you break this rule, then debts will inevitably appear.
Tips for reducing costs:
Ignore the advice of psychologists to go shopping to cheer up, as well as advertising. The mood will always be good if there is money in the wallet, unplanned shopping will only contribute to a momentary and short-term mood boost. At first it will be difficult to change habits, but over time everything will return to normal.
If you don’t have your own house or apartment, then it’s worth including the column “accumulation of money for your own housing” in the family budget. Living with parents creates conditions for additional conflicts and does not allow you to build a family life on your own, therefore it is not very convenient.
This part of the family budget includes finances that may come in handy in case of unforeseen circumstances. There must be a reserve of funds that will allow the family to live for several months if one of the spouses loses his job. A reserve fund is also used to buy or repair broken household appliances (for example, a washing machine).
This is part of the family budget, which will bring passive income. This is a bank deposit, real estate, shares.
The wisest thing is to get rid of debts and loans as quickly as possible, as they negatively affect the psychological state. Try to accumulate investments in order to receive passive income in the future, the family budget will greatly benefit from this.
One of the simple but very effective methods of keeping a family budget is to divide it into three main parts:
One version of this methodology provides for 20% of income to be spent on the formation of a financial "airbag" and debt repayment, and 80% - for other needs. There are other methods of maintaining a family budget, the most popular are “Accurate Cost Management” and “Four Envelopes”.
Maintaining a family budget using this technique involves carefully recording every penny spent. It will require time and effort, which will more than pay off with significant financial savings (up to 20% of income). Few are able to write down every purchase, including food, but you will have to do this daily, for which it is better to use an Excel spreadsheet.
Create a spreadsheet in Excel where you divide your expenses into 5 columns. First write down communal payments(light, internet, rental housing). The second - the purchase of food, the third - payment for personal needs, the fourth - spending on entertainment, the fifth - unforeseen expenses. In the evening, enter the amount spent in each of the columns (if there were any expenses) and at the end of the month you will see the real expenses. This will allow you to approach the distribution of money more thoughtfully.
You can add other columns by adapting the table for yourself, for example, household chemicals, pet care, child care, parents. The main thing is not to forget to record every little thing and you will understand how to distribute the family budget more reasonably.
The most popular family budgeting table.
The technique is suitable for those who are not able to write down every penny spent. As soon as the salary is received, immediately set aside 20% - this will be savings. Pay utilities, and divide the remaining money into 4 equal parts and put in envelopes. Each of these will make up your weekly budget. If the week is over, and there is money left in the envelope, you can spend it on yourself or save it.
This technique is good because it does not require painstaking accounting of costs. As soon as you start spending money wisely, the desire for spontaneous acquisitions will disappear.
A table of family budget expenditures cannot be compiled at once. It will be necessary to thoroughly find out what the money is spent on. This will take 1-2 months. The best option is to make a table in MSExcel, this will allow you to make detailed explanations for each document, since the program includes several interconnected plates.
With a general family budget, the income and expenses of the family budget are meticulously entered into the table every day, and first you need to fill in the “income” columns. Then the obligatory expenses are planned:
The next step is planning for current expenses:
Here you can also add the column "unforeseen expenses", which can be no more than 10% of the amount of income.
Expenses in the family budget are very diverse, and for the sake of completeness, it is desirable to describe them in as much detail as possible. First, write down the expenses, and then divide them into subtypes. Usually they are repeated monthly, so you will only need to change the numbers, you will not have to re-enter the “header” of the table. Set in the column "Total" and "Deviations" automatic calculation of the amount.
In this case, divide the family budget table into two tables: the personal budget of each spouse, where you indicate the income of each spouse separately. The general part should include expenses for the needs of the family, the maintenance of children and personal expenses.
First, form the personal expenses separately for each of the spouses. It can be a percentage of the total family income or own income husband and wife. Distribute the rest for the needs of the family.
There are two versions of AlzexPersonalFinance:
AlzexPersonalFinance has ample opportunities and unlimited nesting of a tree-like system of categories, there are a large number of labels for each transaction. Loans and debts are recorded, tracked financial goals and control costs. Reports can be presented in graphical form and printed. It is possible to organize a transaction by days in a calendar.
Using this program, you will not only understand how to keep a family budget, but you will do it as reasonably as possible.
Another program for managing the family budget is called Housekeeper, the developer is AmoSoft. The program will allow you to make your financial situation stable and control spending. Distinctive features - a simple, intuitive interface, "Housekeeper" can be used even by people who are far from accounting and computers.
Spend a few minutes daily entering data and at the end of the month you will see the most complete picture of the state of finances in the family. Reports are provided in graphical form, which allows you to visually see the strengths and weak sides family budget.
The program will tell you how to save the family budget by preventing rash spending.
The interface is thoughtful and simple, intuitive even for not very experienced users. The program will allow you to detect weaknesses in the family or personal budget, as well as organize the optimal flow of funds.
The program is easy to use, while in it you will find all the necessary functions:
The only disadvantage of "Home Bookkeeping" is that you will have to pay 500 rubles for using it.
MoneyTracker is designed for accounting, it is convenient to use it, but you will need to tinker and figure out what's what, since the program has a lot of functions. A distinctive feature of the program is the ability to control price changes in stores, which allows you to make a budget forecast for months or a year. There is a utility that shows how much you spend (green indicator - everything is fine, red indicates that the family budget is in danger).
The DomFin program can be used for free, the interface is primitive: the functions for accounting are clearly and specifically set. It is intuitively clear where to record expenses and where income should be recorded.
You will have to pay 500 rubles for using the program. In the free version, you can use only one account, which is inconvenient. The negative point is that there is only one operation in AceMoney: a transaction, you will not find “income” and “expenses” departments.
Advantages of AceMoney:
To choose the best program for your own needs, you need to clearly understand the goal you want to achieve. Also, the program should be selected taking into account the characteristics of a particular family budget. For some, certain functions are completely useless and will never be needed.
How to plan the right family budget? How to start planning a family budget? Many questions regarding family budget planning. It is not a difficult science that can and should be learned.
Let's look at simple example, you need to build an enterprise: Which enterprise? Of what? Where to build? How? For what funds? How many employees should be hired for construction? This is a small fraction of the questions you imagine how difficult it is to plan the construction of a huge enterprise or plant.
The family is a small business, in order to properly plan the family budget, you need to correctly approach each figure of income and expenses.
Remember the expenses of the previous two or three months and plan your family budget by analyzing them.
Remember and plan expenses for birthdays in the family, birthdays of relatives, do not forget about the main holidays: New Year”, “February 23rd”, “March 8th”.
In the summer months, utility bills and gasoline begin to rise in price.
In order not to forget all this, you can draw a small sign for yourself from January to December and indicate the main events and dates there.
When you plan the budget for the new month, look at this plate and make changes.
There are six components of happiness, if one component stops working, happiness in the family disappears.
What are included in these six components: income, expenditure (which does not exceed income), own housing, savings or reserve, deposits, joint values \u200b\u200bof husband and wife.
Family budget consists of income and expenses. Income includes: cash income, in-kind income and benefits.
This family consists of four members of the family father, mother and two children. The family's income is the father's salary of 35,000 rubles and the mother's salary of 15,000 rubles, one child goes to kindergarten, the second child goes to school. The total family income is 50,000 rubles. This family has no additional sources of income.
Income is spent on necessary goods and services for the whole family. After receiving the money, incomes turn into expenses.
Expenses include all expenses spent on the family for a certain period of time, for example, for a month.
It is very important to distribute the family budget for a month so that it is enough for all expenses and that it does not exceed income.
There are two types of expenses: mandatory and optional.
This family consists of four members of the family father, mother and two children. Family expenses are included in the table.
Income 50,000 rubles Expenses 50,000 rubles
Your family's budget, your balanced income is equal to your expenses.
Income 50,000 rubles Expenses 60,000 rubles
You have a budget deficit in your family, you do not have enough money, you need to reconsider the items in the family budget.
Income 50,000 rubles Expenses 40,000 rubles
Your income exceeds your expenses, you get an excess of cash or savings for future expenses.
The main point of preparing a family budget is to learn how to balance incoming income and outgoing expenses. We must learn how to draw up a family budget so that expenses are always less than income.
Let's analyze the family budget table for an average family consisting of four people, two of them are children, we see that the family income is 50,000 rubles. The family has no additional sources of income.
The amount of expenses corresponds to the amount of income and is equal to 50,000 rubles. The costs include all necessary cost items:
utilities;
fare;
payment for kindergarten;
clothes, shoes;
child's education;
medicines;
pay attention to the most main article, it is called cumulative.
In every family, when planning the family budget, first of all, it is necessary to take into account that expenses are less than income, and include an item in expenses and plan money there, this item is called a funded item.
This expense item should be 20% of your salary as a percentage, if you can’t save 20% the first time, start with 10% and review your expenses again.
It is very good if you have more than 20% deposited in the collection point, it can be 30%, 40% and even 50%.
The funded part can be accumulated and spent on holidays, on large household appliances, on winter and autumn clothes, and so on.
Other expenses may vary in amount, some item or item of expenses may be more than presented in the table, some may be less.
Considering the presented family budget for a month, for a family of four we received an income of 50,000 rubles and an expense of 40,000 rubles, from this we get a savings of 10,000 rubles a month. You can use this savings to buy large household appliances, winter clothes and shoes, and go on vacation with the whole family.
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The analysis of income and expenses is carried out by every person who cares financial well-being of his family. If you don't know how much money you have, then you don't have any. Keeping a budget allows you to always stay in the black, prevent unnecessary spending, realize goals and dreams.
There are many ready-made programs for accounting for income and expenses. But finding the best program that would fulfill all the needs of a particular family is difficult. Because the requests are different. We offer you to create a family budget in Excel and adapt it to your needs.
Several templates are built into the Microsoft Office software package to solve certain tasks. Open Excel - click the button "File" - "Create" - "Sample Templates" - "Personal Monthly Budget" - OK.
If for some reason you do not have this template or you could not find it, you can download a personal budget for a month in Excel.
A simple template will open where you can enter planned, actual indicators. Distribute income and expenses by items, calculate amounts automatically.
We can adapt a ready-made family budget template to our needs:
Before us is a summary statement of income and expenses. It may be useful for some families. But we propose to detail the tables.
Suppose a family maintains a separate budget. It is important who brings how much to the house. It is necessary to take into account the monthly earnings of the husband and wife. And the money is coming in unevenly. One day - a salary, a week later - an advance payment. A couple of days later - interest on the deposit. Plus occasional work.
To detail receipts, on a separate sheet we create an Excel table of family income and expenses. We give her a name.
We denote the columns: “Date”, “Article”, “Amount”. Below - "Total". In this cell, we drive in the formula for calculating the amount.
We return to the summary sheet. Select the cell above which we want to insert a row. Right mouse button - "Insert" - "Line" - OK. We sign:
Now we need to make sure that the total amount from the detailed report is automatically transferred to the summary. Select an empty cell where the numbers should be displayed. Enter "equal".
Go to the sheet with a detailed report. And press the total amount of receipts for the month. "Input":
We have attached the detailed report to the master summary sheet. Now you can make changes to the detail sheet as many times as you need within a month. The sums in the summary will be recalculated automatically.
Money is spent almost every day: food, fuel, travel tickets are bought. To optimize the management of the family budget, it is recommended to pay expenses immediately. Spent - recorded.
For convenience, we will create detail sheets for all items of expenditure. Each one has an Excel spreadsheet of family budget expenses in detail. "Date" - "Expense item" - "Amount". It is enough to do it once. And then copy and paste.
To give a name to a detail sheet, right-click on its designation. "Rename".
Do not forget to write down the sum formula in the "Total" line.
Now we will link the expense reports to the summary sheet. The connection principle is the same.
Try to select exactly the cell with the total amount!
Often expenses and incomes are entered in a hurry. Because of this, you can make an error, enter an invalid value. This will result in incorrect summary data. And sometimes it is impossible to remember at the end of the month exactly where the inaccuracy was.
How to protect a cell from changes in Excel:
To protect the entire book, on the Review tab, click the corresponding button.
When you extend a formula in a table with income and expenses (“multiply” over the entire column), there is a danger of shifting the link. You should fix the reference to the cell in the formula.
Press F4. A $ sign appears before the column name and the row name:
Pressing the F4 key again will result in this kind of link: C$17 (mixed absolute link). Only the line is fixed. The column can move. Press again - $C17 (the column is fixed). Entering $C$17 (absolute reference) will fix the values relative to row and column.
To remember the range, we perform the same actions: select - F4.
The family budget disciplines. Helps to develop financial behavior, avoid unnecessary cash spending. And Excel allows you to take into account the characteristics of a particular family.
Last update: 01-08-2017
It is better not to take into account, because are not permanent or predictable.
For example. Tax deduction most receive several years. They plan their expenses based on the receipt of a certain amount once a year, but sooner or later it will end and then they will have to cut spending.
In this case, it is better to send money to create an airbag or early repayment mortgages.
But that's not all.
Distributing money is not enough, you still need to control how it is spent. This will eventually save the family budget.
3 tips to make it easier to control expenses:
I foresee an objection:
“Why write down expenses every day, if we have already distributed where and how much we will spend? And so I remember!
Example from personal experience
Although the expenses are the same, it happens that I get lazy and start remembering at the end of the week how much and where I spent. As a result, in the category unaccounted expenses”(I enter here those expenses that I can’t remember where I spent, so that there are no inaccuracies) I have to write down up to 20% of the allocated budget for other categories.
20% is a significant discrepancy
And one more thing, I have been keeping track of expenses for the fourth year now, so I know how much and when I spent money. This information is very useful if you want to save money because it becomes clear where you can reduce costs or predict spending.
It is convenient to take intervals of a week, a month and a year. Weekly and monthly intervals allow you to control current expenses, and the annual interval allows you to take into account non-permanent expenses (holidays, birthdays, vacations, etc.).
2 principles for adding expense categories:
Below is a detailed table of costs.
Food
| If you wish, you should break down the data under categories in even more detail (vegetables, meat, drinks, etc.) - this will allow you to evaluate which foods you need to reduce in the diet, and which ones would be better to add. |
Payments
| I think everything is clear here. Now it is easy to say exactly how much the cost of certain services has increased. |
Credits
| |
Directions
| |
Automobile
| This category is taken out separately, since it makes up a significant part. Records of this kind will show exactly how much it costs to maintain a car, and you can follow the link. |
Purchases
| This should not include large categories such as car. |
| Household Products | Every little thing: light bulbs, hooks, clothespins, etc. |
| Hygiene | Soap, shampoos, washcloths, etc. should be added here. |
Health
| A large category that is also worth keeping an eye on. |
Present
| Break into sub-categories: names of people, names of holidays. |
| Hobby | Here, too, I think everything is clear. |
Relaxation
| |
Vacation
| I took it out separately, because this is also a fairly large category of expenses that is useful to track. For example, last year you went to China, wrote down all the expenses. If you decide to repeat the trip this year, then you will already have some kind of landmark. |
Repair
| It is also quite useful to record expenses so that in the future it will be easier to plan for this kind of work. in a one-room apartment with a rough finish. Even after a few years it will not be difficult to count everything. |
| Education | Also, if necessary, break into subparagraphs. |
| debts | Enter data here when you borrow money from someone. |
| Not taken into account | At times, it becomes too lazy to keep a daily record of expenses, so gaps are inevitable that need to be written off somewhere. You can use this solution. |
A table with expenses has been compiled. If there is no category, then add it.
Once again I will draw your attention to these points.
Financial airbag - if there is no money in reserve, then you can get into a difficult situation - this is a risk.
Therefore, first of all, 5-10% of the salary should be directed to the creation of a reserve which will allow you to live without any sources of income. A stock for a couple of months will allow you to survive the dismissal, a stock for half a year will allow you to survive a protracted illness.
You can keep a joint budget, you can - a separate one, when everyone manages their finances independently, giving part of the money to general expenses. In any case, this common money must be managed by someone. The task of this person is to ensure that all bills are paid on time, and the money set aside in reserve does not go to any nonsense. Entrust this to the most disciplined and responsible member of the family.
Open a savings account and transfer money there immediately after you receive your salary. So you save yourself from the temptation to spend this money for other purposes.
For example, you get 30,000 rubles, and your partner - 40,000. By putting aside 10% of your salary, you will accumulate 84,000 rubles a year together - this is not counting the interest from the bank. Suddenly received a bonus - send it in full to a savings account.
Saving just like that is a bad idea. When you do not understand why to save money, then you probably will not do it.
First you need to form a financial airbag - an amount equal to at least three of your salaries. It will come in handy if suddenly there are difficulties with work or someone from your family suddenly falls ill. When the airbag is ready, you can start saving for a vacation, a car, or a down payment on a mortgage.
It is needed in order to collect money there for utility bills, food or large purchases. This approach is convenient for both cost control and timely payment of bills. If there is one bill to be paid from, there will be no situation when all family members thought that one of them had already paid for the apartment, but in fact no one did it at all. In addition, he will free you from mutual settlements: they received a salary, chipped into a common pot, transferred 10% to a piggy bank account, and what is left is only yours.
Get in the habit of keeping track of how much money you spend. You can do it in mobile application bank, if you pay by card more often, or choose one of the financial planning services. So you will determine the main items of expenditure and will be able to understand what it would be worth spending less on.
Watch out for small expenses - a large amount accumulates from them. Imagine: you went from work by taxi for 300 rubles, because you didn’t want to wait for a minibus in the rain. We dined for the same amount in a cafe, because there was no time to cook something at home. And at the weekend we ordered two large pizzas for the whole family for one and a half thousand rubles, because laziness. In just a week, it is not clear where more than two thousand people left. You could easily do without these expenses.
Responsible attitude to money is a skill that can be mastered at any age. On October 17, come to the free lecture "The Secret Life of the Family Budget: Planning and Optimization." Advisor to the Head of the Consumer Protection and Accessibility Service financial services Bank of Russia Alexander Kolankov and journalist Ksenia Paderina will tell you how to properly manage a family budget and save money by planning expenses.
You probably already have a rough list of expenses for the near future. For example, for the New Year it would be nice to save up 10,000 rubles for gifts. You have three months ahead of you, so in October, November and December you need to save about 3,300 rubles. Do not count on the fact that the money will somehow be found by itself. And if at the end of the year the boss becomes generous with the bonus, you can send it to the piggy bank with a clear conscience, because you already have money for gifts.
It sounds boring, but in the world of responsible adults, this is accepted. If you forget to pay utility bills this month, you will have to pay more next month. Miss a loan payment - the bank will impose a fine. All this means that your family will have less money for current expenses.
Subtract mandatory payments, food expenses (you keep track of expenses?) and transport from the total family income. Divide the rest of the money by the number of days in the month. Get the amount that you can spend every day. If you couldn’t resist and lowered more than planned today, tomorrow you will have to shrink in expenses.
If you have a card with a cashback in rubles, paying with it, you can recoup the cost in a few months annual service. In addition, many banks additional discounts or bonuses when you buy something from partner stores.
So cheaper than every day to go to a business lunch with food of dubious freshness. Make a stockpile of ready-to-cook food: cut the beef into stew, grate the carrots for sautéing into the soup, boil a pot of broth and pour it into containers. All this is perfectly stored in the freezer, and at the right time you just need to get it, defrost it and use it for its intended purpose.
Get a special shopping bag or take apart a bag of bags (we know you have one) and use them.
Going on vacation in April - keep an eye out profitable offer airlines now. Buy seasonal clothes at sales so as not to overpay when the cold comes, and you suddenly do not have a warm jacket.
A guitar you never learned to play, a stepper that's been gathering dust in a corner for three years, a juicer that you've only used a couple of times - it's junk now, but it can turn into real money.
Frozen dough, tomato paste, liquid soap or dishwashing sponges, released under the brand name of the store, are no different from others. Only the price is better.
Create a special list in Google Keep, where you mark what you need to purchase in the near future, and share it with family members. Before going to the store, check your household supplies and make a list of everything that has run out or is almost finished so that you do not inadvertently buy too much.
A filling fell out - go to the dentist, without waiting until the tooth falls apart completely. Yes, it's scary, but if you run it, the final score will be even scarier. Quit smoking and reduce your alcohol consumption - save on cigarettes, bar trips, and treatment for the effects of a fun lifestyle.
Give yourself at least a few days to think. If you still feel like it, calculate how many daily budgets it will take to buy this item. Ready to give up free money for a while? Go ahead, buy. And no, you can’t gut the financial safety cushion.
Get a separate email address and subscribe from it to the mailing lists of large online stores. Often they give a discount or free delivery of the next order for this, and you will always be aware of current promotions.
Want to learn more about how to manage money in the family - come 17 October for a free lecture "The Secret Life of the Family Budget: Planning and Optimization". To make sure you have enough space, register in advance.
