Marina Kuznechkina
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The consequences of the crisis of the nineties are still manifested in the life of Russians. People lost their savings as a result of the bankruptcy of banking institutions, fraudulent schemes, the activities of financial pyramids, and default. As a result, the level of public confidence dropped significantly, and it was considered more reliable to keep savings at home. The situation has been changed by innovations in legislative level in 2013. The Deposit Insurance Law has increased the inflow of private capital into banking and from there into the country's economy. You can now keep money, receiving additional income, without fear.
In this article:
According to the Law on Deposit Insurance, firms offering banking products for the storage of savings of individuals under various programs are required to participate in the insurance system. This is a condition for issuing a license. The depositor does not have to draw up anything specially, his money will be automatically protected.
You should be careful when choosing an organization. Fraud is not uncommon these days. Small one-day firms offer to deposit money at high interest rates. After receiving the savings, they can disappear the next day. Shouldn't be trusted financial pyramids, credit banks and co-ops that lure you in with fantastic rates and quick profits.
Did you lose money in the banks you liquidated?
yes lostNo, I didn't lose
All financial institutions opening deposits for individuals, take part in the insurance system, otherwise they will not receive a license. Regularly all participants make contributions to the general fund. Its funds are used to return money to depositors. The designated bank will pay out the insurance through its branches.
To select a suitable financial institution, you need to familiarize yourself with the list of firms that have the right to keep savings. It changes every year, and large organizations sometimes leave the financial market. The official website has other lists of banks excluded from the program and those who are close to it. Typically, a bank loses a license in the following cases:
When choosing an organization, it is important to read the reviews real clients, find out if there is any information about the work of the bank, its prospects and history. Do not cooperate with companies that have a tarnished reputation.
Orient Express - "Rising Interest" deposit
650,000 - 1,500,000 rubles
Up to 12 months
Individuals and private entrepreneurs have the right to compulsory insurance. Legal entities cannot count on compensation for deposits in the event of bankruptcy of a financial institution.
Citizens need to follow a number of simple rules that will facilitate the return of money:
Not all deposit accounts are insured, there is a group for which it will be difficult to receive a refund:
In such cases, part of the funds can be returned through the court. Usually, after the license is revoked, the organization must pay off creditors, one of which is the depositor. After the sale of the property of the company, the funds will be distributed among the plaintiffs. The total amount may not cover all expenses, so the chances of getting a refund are quite low.
The client needs to make sure that the funds are formalized, especially if the organization is small and little known. Important:
The documents must contain the details of the organization, contact information. In the event of a dispute, all this information will be proof of the existence of the deposit.
Accounts opened by individuals and individual entrepreneurs are subject to collateral. The detailed list of deposits is as follows:
The latter did not enter the program immediately. At first, they, like the money of legal entities, were not insured. Changes in the legislation were made in 2014, according to them, private entrepreneurs are entitled to a refund when revoking a license from a bank.
Sentence
Maximum amount
Application online
Deposit amount
Interest rate (%)
Deposit term (month)
monthly interest
Reinvested withdrawn
Foreign currency savings are returned in rubles, the conversion is at the rate at the time of the bank collapse.
There are cases when the Insurance Agency may refuse to reimburse funds, for example, if it decides that the client is in bad faith. Such precedents arise when an individual has funds exceeding 1,400,000. At the time of bankruptcy, some depositors begin to split up money, transfer it to different accounts, including those belonging to relatives. Such actions are the reason for the denial of payment of funds.
Signs of fragmentation can be observed in the activities of conscientious investors. To avoid problems, you should follow a few rules:
After the termination of the organization's activities, the Insurance Agency provides information to customers in the media and on the official website within one week. You can call the hotline and get detailed information where to apply for a refund. Usually, the Agency appoints another bank, in whose branches the clients of the bankrupt will be served.
Funds must be applied for within two weeks of the announcement of liquidation. You must have a minimum package of documents and details with you if you plan to transfer money, and not cash out. After submitting an application, a sample of which is on the Agency's website, the organization must respond within two days from the date of the application.
If the amount to be returned is small, it can be issued immediately at the box office. Otherwise, the money can be received in 1-2 days. With the money, the client will receive a certificate of payment of the due funds.
In the event that the depositor is unable to apply to the branch of the partner bank, it is possible to send an application certified by a notary directly to the Agency by mail. Money will be returned by postal order or credited to the declared details. You can find out in which banks the deposits are insured by the state on the website of the Insurance Agency, where a list of insured organizations is presented. It includes more than eight hundred firms. Do not trust a big name: even recognized giants can lose their license to open deposit accounts, especially during a crisis.
Since the beginning of 2018, 23 financial institutions have already left the list. Among them are OFK "Bank", NPO "Leader", "Credit Express", JSC "Bank".
The list of firms where deposits are insured on the Agency's website includes large organizations that can be trusted:
According to the legislation, the maximum amount that will be issued is 1,400,000 rubles. If in 2013 this amount did not exceed 700,000 rubles, now it has doubled. Amounts equal to or less than the specified limit are fully returned to the owner. The owner will receive not only the deposited money, but also interest.
If the client held several accounts in one institution, then they total amount payments should not exceed the specified limit.
If the amount is more than the limit, it will not be possible to fully return it, you should rely only on 1,400,000 rubles. There is a way out of the situation: it is enough to keep large funds in different companies.
Is it necessary to increase the amount of the insurance guaranteed payment (above 1,400,000 rubles)
Back in 2003, Russia adopted the law “On Insurance of Deposits in Banks”. According to this document, the bulk of bank deposits in our country are insured. In cases where the bank is deprived of the license, the depositor will receive a refund of the full amount of the deposit. But not more than the limit determined by the same law. Recall how much is insured by the state on bank deposits in 2020, in what cases and how compensation is paid.
The maximum amount is set by the relevant federal law. In 2020, this is one hundred percent of the contribution, but not more than 1.4 million rubles.
This maximum amount is valid from December 29, 2014. Prior to this date, the maximum insurance amount was half as much - 700 thousand rubles. And once it all started with a modest amount of 100 thousand rubles.
At the same time, the law stipulates that if the same person has several deposits opened at the same bank at once, the reimbursement for all of them in total cannot exceed the limit of 1.4 million rubles.
It should be borne in mind that not only the principal amount of the deposit is insured, but also the interest on it.
In this case, interest is accrued up to the day that preceded the day the license was revoked from the bank. For example, if a bank loses its license from the Central Bank on March 1, 2020, then depositors receive insurance compensation, taking into account interest that was accrued up to February 29.
Yes, and what's more - the maximum amount insured for such accounts is much higher than in the case of ordinary deposits.
The maximum insured amount on escrow accounts in 2020 is 10 million rubles.
Recall that escrow accounts can be opened in Russia for settlements under real estate purchase and sale transactions, as well as under agreements for participation in shared construction. The money that is placed on such an account, before the transfer of the finished property to the buyer, cannot be withdrawn from the account by either the seller or the buyer of the home.
This feature of the account is a kind of insurance against unscrupulous sellers or developers. They, in turn, are insured against the fact that the buyer, with whom they are counting on a deal, will simply change their mind about buying real estate.
But, of course, the weak point in this scheme is that the bank where the escrow account is opened may be deprived of a license. And then the buyer's money is in danger of disappearing. The standard insurance amount of 1.4 million rubles in this case is ridiculous and miserable. In most large cities of the country, this money cannot even buy a one-room apartment. Therefore, separate insurance rules apply for escrow accounts.
These are two possible situations:
The standard practice is as follows. The Central Bank, after revoking the bank's license, is holding a competition between other credit institutions in order to select an operating bank for the payment of insurance compensation. The designated operator is announced in the press and on the website of the Deposit Insurance Agency -.
14 days after the revocation of the license from the bank, its depositors begin to receive reimbursement under insurance from the operating bank.
The law on insurance of bank deposits in Russia has a lot of nuances. It is simply impossible to cover all of them in one material. Answers to many questions can be found in a large and detailed one on the DIA website. You can also get advice on the free DIA hotline - its number is 8-800-200-08-05.
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System compulsory insurance deposits (CER)- a special state program implemented in accordance with federal law dated December 23, 2003 No. 177-FZ “On insurance of deposits in banks Russian Federation».
The main objectives of the CER are:
The State Corporation "Deposit Insurance Agency" (hereinafter referred to as the Agency) was established to ensure the functioning of the DIS and, first of all, to ensure the payment of compensation on deposits in banks participating in the DIS in the event of insured event.
Operation of the mandatory deposit insurance system
Participation in DIS is mandatory for all banks that have the right to work with deposits of individuals. Deposits are considered insured from the day the bank is included in the register of banks participating in the DIS. The current list of banks participating in the DIS is published on the official website of the Agency in the information and telecommunications network "Internet"
Currently, depositors of 718 (as of February 27, 2020) banks participating in the deposit insurance system are protected by DIS, including:
The funds of depositors who have concluded an agreement with the bank are subject to insurance bank deposit or contract bank account, including deposits certified by savings certificates.
In accordance with federal law, investors include:
The following funds are not subject to insurance:
An insured event is one of the following events:
1) revocation (cancellation) by the Bank of Russia of the bank's banking license; 2) introduction by the Bank of Russia in accordance with legislation the Russian Federation a moratorium on meeting the requirements of the bank's creditors. An insured event is considered to have occurred from the day the license of the Bank of Russia was revoked (cancelled) from the bank or from the day a moratorium was introduced on satisfying the claims of the bank's creditors.
Informing by the Agency of depositors about the occurrence of an insured event
Information about the occurrence of an insured event against a bank is published on the official website of the Bank of Russia and on the official website of the Agency on the Internet, as well as in the mass media. The Agency, within 5 working days from the date of receipt from the bank in respect of which the insured event occurred, the register of the bank's obligations to depositors, shall be posted on the official website of the Agency in the information and telecommunications network "Internet" and sent to this bank, as well as to the Bank of Russia for placement on its official website in the information and telecommunications network "Internet" and in the periodical printed publication at the location of this bank a message containing information about the place, time, form and procedure for accepting applications from depositors for payment of compensation on deposits. In addition, within 1 month from the date of receipt from the bank of the register of the bank's obligations to depositors, the Agency also sends a corresponding message to each depositor of this bank, the data on which is contained in the register and to which, as of the date of sending this message, the bank has obligations on deposits.
The depositor can receive all this information by calling the Agency's hotline (8-800-200-08-05) (calls within Russia are free).
The depositor can also subscribe to news about the bank of interest to him on the official website of the Agency on the Internet. In this case, the depositor to the address Email, indicated by him when subscribing, the news posted on the Agency's website in the section "Deposit insurance / Insured events" for this bank are sent automatically.
The amount of insurance compensation
The amount of compensation payable on deposits is determined on the basis of the amount of the bank's obligations to the depositor insured in accordance with the federal law.
Reimbursement on deposits is paid by the Agency to the depositor of the bank in the amount of 100 percent of the amount of all his deposits, including interest, but not more than 1.4 million rubles. In total.
On escrow accounts opened for settlements under a purchase and sale transaction real estate and for settlements under an agreement on participation in shared construction, the maximum amount of insurance compensation is 10 million rubles. The reimbursement for escrow accounts is calculated and paid separately from the reimbursement for other deposits.
Interest is calculated on the date of occurrence of the insured event based on the terms of each specific bank deposit (account) agreement.
For bank deposits denominated in foreign currency, the amount of compensation is calculated in the currency of the Russian Federation at the exchange rate established by the Bank of Russia on the day of the insured event.
The amounts of the bank's counterclaims against the depositor (for example, on a loan taken by the depositor in the same bank) are deducted from the amount of deposits when calculating the compensation paid by the Agency. At the same time, the subtraction of the amount of counterclaims does not mean their automatic repayment (full or partial). The depositor's obligations to the bank remain the same and must be performed properly in accordance with the terms of the agreements concluded with the bank.
In case of full or partial repayment by the depositor of the debt to the bank, the depositor is entitled to receive insurance compensation in the appropriate amount. At the same time, he can send a free-form application to the bank on making appropriate changes to the register of the bank's obligations to depositors.
Get information about all available ways You can repay a loan and pay a loan to a bank whose license for banking operations has been revoked on the Agency's payment portal: www.payasv.ru.
Payment of insurance compensation
Acceptance of applications from depositors for payment of compensation on deposits and payment of compensation for deposits begin, as a rule, 10–14 calendar days after the occurrence of an insured event. The specified time is necessary for the Agency to receive from the bank information on deposits (register of obligations), its verification and organization of payments.
You can apply for payment during the entire period of liquidation of the bank. On average, the bank liquidation procedure takes about 3 years.
Insurance compensation to depositors who did not have time to apply for the payment of insurance compensation is carried out by the Agency upon applications in exceptional cases, for example, in case of a serious illness, long-term business trip abroad, military service.
In order to ensure the fastest possible payment of compensation on deposits, accepting applications from depositors for payment of compensation on deposits (the application form is posted on the official website of the Agency on the Internet) and other required documents, as well as the payment of compensation itself, can be carried out by the Agency through agent banks acting on its behalf and at its expense.
The selection of agent banks is carried out on a competitive basis. The announcement of the results of the selection of agent banks is posted on the official website of the Agency on the Internet no later than 7 days after the occurrence of the insured event.
Payment of compensation on deposits is made within 3 working days from the date of submission by the depositor to the agent bank of an application for payment of compensation on deposits and an identity document. Compensation can be paid both in cash and by transferring funds to the bank account indicated by the depositor opened with the bank. Payment of compensation on deposits of individual entrepreneurs is carried out only to the account opened for entrepreneurial activities. Payment of compensation on deposits of a small enterprise is made to the bank account of this small enterprise opened with a bank.
The timing of the start of payments and the name of the agent bank, including the addresses of its offices where you can receive insurance compensation, are published on the official website of the Agency on the Internet and in the media.
If the court decides to liquidate the bank, settlements with depositors in the part exceeding the payment made by the Agency are carried out in the course of the arbitration court bankruptcy proceedings or compulsory liquidation. Such claims of depositors are satisfied as part of the claims of creditors of the first priority.
Financial Basics CER
In order to make insurance payments, the federal law provides for the formation of a mandatory deposit insurance fund (hereinafter referred to as the Fund). The fund is formed from insurance premiums of banks participating in the DIS, income from investment temporarily free funds Fund, property contribution of the Russian Federation.
Insurance premiums are paid by the banks participating in the CER on a quarterly basis. The rate of insurance premiums is set by the Board of Directors of the Agency. Since the third quarter of 2015, a mechanism for paying contributions at differentiated rates has been introduced. Application increased rates depends on the maximum interest rates of banks on deposits attracted by them and the assessment by the Bank of Russia of their financial position, including the supervisory response measures introduced by the Bank of Russia.
The procedure and mechanisms for control over the investment of temporarily free funds of the Fund are established by the Government of the Russian Federation. The list of assets allowed for investment is strictly regulated. Data on income from investing the Fund's resources are published in the annual reports of the Agency.
The Fund's funds spent on payments are fully or partially returned to the Fund upon satisfaction of the Agency's claims to liquidated banks that have passed to it as a result of payment of insurance compensation to their depositors.
The funds of the Fund have a strict special purpose and can only be spent on the payment of reimbursement on deposits. In order to control the targeted spending, the funds of the Fund are accounted for on a specially opened account of the Agency with the Bank of Russia.
Financial stability CERs are provided by the Agency's property, and, if necessary, by federal budget, as well as loans provided by the Bank of Russia.
Deposit Insurance Agency (DIA)– non-profit organization created by the state to ensure the work Deposit insurance systems (DIS) and advocacy contributors. The DIA operates on the basis of the Federal Law of December 23, 2003 No. 177-FZ "On Insurance of Deposits in Banks of the Russian Federation" (Federal Law No. 177-FZ). The organizational and legal form of the DIA is a state corporation. It is the DIA that organizes the payment of compensation to individuals and legal entities for deposits, which are insured in accordance with Federal Law No. 177-FZ, from funds compulsory deposit insurance fund.
Bank - member of the DIS- a credit institution that has the right to attract funds from the population in contributions. The bank must pay insurance premiums in Mandatory Deposit Insurance Fund; inform depositors about their participation in CERs, about the procedure and amounts for receiving reimbursement on deposits; keep records of the bank's obligations to depositors.
Contribution- funds placed by investors in banks participating in DIS on the territory of the Russian Federation on the basis of a bank deposit agreement or a bank account agreement. The term "deposit" includes capitalized (accrued) interest on the amount of the deposit. Deposits are subject to insurance protection both in rubles and in foreign currency. The exclusion of certain types of monetary obligations from insurance is established by law. In particular, the following are not subject to insurance: funds placed on bank accounts (in deposits) of lawyers, notaries and other persons open for professional activities; deposits, the making of which is certified by a certificate of deposit; funds transferred to banks for trust management; deposits in branches of Russian banks located abroad; electronic money; funds placed on nominal accounts, with the exception of nominal accounts that are opened for guardians or trustees and the beneficiaries of which are wards, pledge accounts and escrow accounts, unless otherwise established Federal Law No. 177-FZ; funds placed in subordinated deposits; funds placed by or in favor of legal entities, except for funds placed by or in favor of small enterprises. In addition, deposits that are not nominated in monetary units(for example, in grams of precious metals).
Contributor- a citizen of the Russian Federation, a foreign citizen, a stateless person, including those carrying out entrepreneurial activity, or a legal entity classified in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation to small enterprises, information about which is contained in the unified register of small and medium-sized businesses, which is maintained in accordance with the Federal Law of July 24, 2007 No. 209 - FZ "On the Development small and medium-sized businesses in the Russian Federation”, which concluded a banking agreement with the bank contribution or bank account agreement. The investor is entitled by law to receive insurance compensation in the bank against which the insurance case. In order to exercise this right, individual depositor it is enough to submit an appropriate application and a document proving his identity. Counterclaims- financial obligations contributor to the bank (balance of debt on a loan, overdraft, etc.). Counterclaims reduce the amount of obligations in the calculation insurance compensation. Payment of insurance indemnity does not entail automatic termination (offset) of counterclaims.
Register of banks participating in DIS– list of banks, contributions in which they are insured in accordance with Federal Law No. 177-FZ. The registry is maintained by the DIA. It is available for review on the official DIA website on the Internet. If the bank has insurance case, then it is subject to exclusion from the register after the completion of the bankruptcy (liquidation) of the bank by the DIA.
Register of bank liabilities- a list of the bank's obligations to depositors and counterclaims bank to contributors on the basis of which the payment is made insurance compensation. Contains information about contributors; about contributions and about counterclaims bank to contributor.
Deposit insurance system (DIS)– a special state program implemented in accordance with the Federal Law “On Insurance of Deposits in Banks of the Russian Federation”. Its main task is to protect the savings of the population placed in Russian banks. CER allows contributors in the event of an insured event reimbursement on deposits within the maximum amount of insurance compensation established by law. The deposit insurance mechanism is as simple as possible and does not require any preliminary actions from the depositor: contributions and accounts of individuals and legal entities with a DIS member bank subject to insurance in accordance with Federal Law No. 177-FZ, are insured "automatically" from the moment of placing funds in the bank on the basis of a bank deposit/account agreement.
Insurance indemnity (reimbursement on deposit/deposits)- amount of money to be paid contributor upon the onset insured event. It is set based on the amount of the bank's liabilities to contributor minus counterclaims jar.
Reimbursement on deposits is paid in the amount of 100% of the amount of all deposits in the bank, but not more than the maximum amount of insurance indemnity established by law. The amount of the deposit includes both the amount of money contributed by the depositor and the capitalized (accrued) interest on the deposit. The insurance indemnity is paid in rubles within three working days after the depositor (his representative, heir, successor) submits an application for payment and the necessary documents (identity document, power of attorney, document on the right to inheritance), but not earlier than 14 working days from the date of occurrence of an insured event, if more early term not determined by the decision of the Board of the DIA. Deposits in foreign currency are converted into rubles at the exchange rate of the Bank of Russia on the date of insured event.
The maximum amount of insurance compensation- a statutory limit on the total amount of compensation on deposits paid to one depositor in one bank. Starting from December 30, 2014, the maximum amount of insurance indemnity is 1.4 million rubles. In the previous periods of operation, the CER was set at 100,000, 190,000, 400,000, 700,000 rubles, depending on the date of occurrence of the insured event. For certain types of accounts ( escrow accounts opened for settlements under a real estate purchase and sale transaction, and escrow accounts opened for settlements under an agreement on participation in shared construction) the maximum amount of insurance compensation is 10 million rubles.
Insurance case– revocation (cancellation) bank - member of the DIS licenses of the Bank of Russia to carry out banking operations or the introduction by the Bank of Russia of a moratorium on satisfying the claims of the bank's creditors.
Bank insurance premiums– quarterly contributions of DIS member banks to the mandatory deposit insurance fund. From July 1, 2015, differentiated insurance premium rates were introduced: basic, additional and increased additional.
Mandatory Deposit Insurance Fund – financial basis of the CER. The fund consists of the property contribution of the Russian Federation, insurance premiums of banks participating in the DIS, income from the placement of the fund's assets in state and corporate securities, cash and property received from the satisfaction of the rights of claim of the DIA, acquired as a result of the payment of compensation on deposits to them. The Fund's resources are used to pay insurance compensation on deposits and other purposes established by federal laws.
The initiative to increase the amount of the insured amount in the bank was submitted to the State Duma in the summer of 2013, but since then there have been no movements. The initiative remained the initiative. But December 2014 made it necessary to consider and approve this initiative in an accelerated mode and increase the amount of coverage from 700 thousand rubles to 1.4 million rubles, together with the previously proposed 1 million rubles.
This measure is aimed at some reassurance of depositors who have more than 1 million rubles in ruble accounts. It should be noted that individuals with currency deposits, "get rich" in recent times twice in ruble terms simply due to the fall national currency. Therefore, the outflow of such deposits can be compensated by an increase in insurance coverage. Those. if in July a deposit of $20,000 in ruble equivalent was approximately 700,000 rubles, now $20,000 is about 1-1.4 million rubles.
However, the bill still has to be approved by the Federation Council and signed by the President, which probably won't be a problem.
The fall in the price of oil, the unfavorable macroeconomic situation, in fact the gradual involvement of the country in the war, sanctions, a significant drop in the price of the currency and, finally, a sharp increase in the key rate of the Central Bank led to financial markets The panic began.
Individuals, realizing that the strongest depreciation of money since 1998, rushed to the shops sweeping everything off the shelves. “Investing in TVs” is now a more popular form of investing money than keeping it on deposits in banks. The natural desire to spend money at the old prices led to the fact that banks were faced with the strongest outflow of capital, and some banks on this wave decided to seriously speculate by adding fuel to the fire - sending messages about difficulties in banks. For example, Sberbank
When deciding to increase the amount of compensation, no one naturally proceeded from the real possibilities of the DIA to serve the new amount of insurance coverage. At the end of December reserve fund DIA (Deposit Insurance Agency) is just over 74 billion rubles. At the same time, quite recently, the ROST banking group was on the verge of revoking its license; significant problems are also observed in TRUST bank. Both of them were sent for reorganization, since the amount of deposits of individuals in TRUST bank at the time of the announcement of its reorganization amounted to more than 144 billion rubles. Given the extremely risky lending policy of the bank in last years, probably the "hole" (the gap between assets and liabilities) will exceed 74 billion rubles, which would immediately raise the question of the insolvency of the DIA.
Of course, in this case, the Central Bank would come to the aid of the DIA, but its resource is also limited. It is one thing to provide a loan to the DIA, and another to start issuing money. The second will lead to galloping inflation, which will be prohibitive.
