Number of credit institutions in the Russian Federation. The current state of the banking system of the Russian Federation. Why can a bank have its license revoked?

Before becoming a client of any bank, you must make sure of its reliability - a credit institution must have a license for the relevant activity, as well as occupy not the last positions in the rating of banks and not have a tendency to constantly decrease their indicators in this list. In the article, we will introduce you to the total number of commercial banks in Russia, present the top ones, and provide a list of organizations deprived of a license. We will also tell another useful information about this area.

How many banks are there in Russia today?

As of August 1, 2017, 537 commercial credit organizations. The total number of banks in Russia registered at one time or another is 878 today. Of these, 341 have now had their licenses revoked.

Here is a table showing the number of banks in Russia in past years.

Let's now talk about some regularities in the change in the number of banks, as well as the Central Bank's plans for Russian credit institutions.

Dynamics of changes in the number of banks

Having learned how many banks there are in Russia today and how many there were at least 10 years ago, one thing is clear - the number of these institutions is steadily declining. As of January 1, 2017, the number of banks in our country amounted to 45.2% of their number in 2008.

Of the existing number, only 336 can be classified as large. Of these, only 314 have head offices in the capital. Thus, there is only one bank for every 39,000 people in Moscow, meaning the organization, not the number of offices and subdivisions. Speaking about the regions, we can say that the vast majority of banks in Russia are registered in its European part, but for the Northern, Far Eastern District) are catastrophically few. But it is in the territories of these regions that the main natural resources of the country are concentrated.

Many were struck by the revocation of the license from the Yugra bank, which was firmly among the top thirty major banking organizations in Russia. The reason for this decision was the concealment of his actual financial condition.

Authorized capital and association of banks

Reading Art. 11 of the Federal Law "On banks and their activities", it can be said for sure that the emergence of new credit institutions is very problematic - let's get acquainted with the requirements for the authorized capital of a registered institution:

• The smallest amount of the authorized capital of a banking organization for issuing a license is 300 million rubles.
• The smallest amount of the authorized capital of a credit, but at the same time a non-banking organization that plans to work with both individuals and legal entities with banking license- 90 million rubles.
• The smallest amount of the authorized capital of a credit non-banking organization that plans to operate without a bank license is 18 million rubles.

The amount of own funds already operating bank should not be below the bar of 300 million rubles. According to these indicators, 150 banking organizations are currently at risk. They have two options - closing or joining a larger bank. These institutions are undergoing three main types of transformation:

• Merger of capital with the capital of another credit institution.
• Actual takeover by a larger bank.
• Self-liquidation, liquidation due to bankruptcy.

Separation of Russian banks

In the nearest plans of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation - to divide the entire number of Russian banks into three large categories:

• A dozen systemically important banks: Sberbank, Gazprombank, Otkritie, VTB, UniCredit, Promsvyazbank, Raiffeisen Bank, Alfa Bank, Rosselkhozbank, Rosbank (for 2016 ).
• Federal banks of Russia are credit institutions with offices and branches in the vast majority of Russian regions. They must necessarily meet international standards and have the smallest equity capital ratio of at least 1 billion rubles.
• Regional banks are small credit organizations that carry out simple banking operations - currency exchange, loans to the public, accepting money for deposits from citizens, etc. Their main audience is individuals, small and medium-sized businesses.

Bank rating

The top banks in Russia are compiled according to three main groups:

• Main characteristics: net assets, loan portfolio, deposits of individuals, investments of clients in securities, capital in the form 123, 134.
• Institution performance indicators: return on capital, net assets, turnover foreign exchange transactions, overdue loans, etc.
• Balance figures: cash security, loans to individuals and legal entities, overdrafts, fixed assets and other assets, issued promissory notes, bonds, etc.

Top banks in Russia

Consider the rating of credit institutions according to the most important indicators. The key banks in Russia are determined by the amount of net assets - real, real assets. Calculated by subtracting liabilities (debt obligations of a credit institution) from the total income. Here is the data for August 2017.

Banks deprived of license in 2017

Speaking about reliable banks in Russia, we must also mention those that did not justify the trust of their direct customers. Recall that in 2015, 93 banks lost their licenses, and in 2016 - 97. It is too early to talk about the results of 2017, but today the following credit organizations do not have the right to operate:

• "Bulgar-bank";
• "Commercial City Bank";
• "Tatfond-bank";
• "Anchor Bank";
• Severo-Zapadny-1 "Alliance Bank";
• "Economic Union"
• "Sirius";
• "Rosenergobank";
• "Yenisei";
• "Oil Alliance";
• "Intechbank";
• "Sibes";
• "Talmenka-bank";
• "Innovation";
• "Ivy";
• "Tatagroprombank";
• "Education";
• RITC;
• Finars;
• "Krylovsky";
• "International Construction Bank";
• "Vladprombank";
• "Northeast Alliance";
• "Riabank";
• "Intercoopbank";
• "Moscow National Investment Bank";
• "Steel Bank";
• "Legion";
• "Premier Credit";
• "Yugra";
• "Anelik RU";
• "Reserve".

Why can a bank's license be revoked?

The decision to revoke a license is made by the Central Bank of the Russian Federation. Consider in the table the bases necessary in order to commercial Bank in Russia, he lost the right to engage in his activities.

It goes without saying that without a license, the bank has no right to continue its work.

We hope that such a brief overview of the number of banks, their ratings, and development trends has helped you figure out when choosing an organization for a particular type of financial service.

Per last years there has been a significant reduction in the number of banks in Russia. According to the conclusions of analysts, no more than 200-300 banks will operate in our country in the foreseeable future. There is no reason to doubt the words of experts, since the number of banks in the Russian Federation is reduced due to the legislative setting by the government of restrictions on the authorized capital.

As of December 1, 2018, the number of operating banks in Russia is 490.

Dynamics of the number of banks in Russia

A massive reduction in the number of banking organizations began in 2001. Since then, their number has been decreasing every year. Moreover, over the past 4 years, the decrease in the number of banks has been significant. This is evidenced by statistics: in 2014, the total number of all banks decreased by 89; in 2015, the number of abolished organizations reached 101; in 2016 even more - 110 pieces; in 2017, 62 banks were closed, and in 2018 - already 57. In total, since 2001, 807 banking organizations have been liquidated.

The information is presented on the basis of the data of the Central Bank.

The main reason for the closure of banks is the loss of a license commercial organization. There may be several reasons for this:

• inability to repay debt to creditors;
• evasion from the execution of normative acts of the Central Bank;
• if the bank's capital does not exceed the lower threshold of the authorized capital;
• non-compliance with the laws according to which the activities of a banking organization should be carried out.

In general, the decrease in the number of banks has a positive effect on the banking sector and stimulates the country's economy. The population gains confidence in the stability of the current banking system due to the fact that only reliable organizations remain on the market, which are able to fulfill their obligations to depositors and creditors, creating an environment of stability.

By federal districts

According to the presented table, we can conclude that the largest number of banks is located in the European part of Russia, while the smallest number of regional banking organizations is in the Siberian, Far Eastern and Ural regions. These territories contain the main natural resource potential, and a small number of credit and banking organizations creates difficulties economic development these regions.

Grouping of banks by the size of the authorized capital

Evaluation of institutions by authorized capital helps to draw conclusions about whether it can answer for its material obligations to creditors and depositors.

According to the Federal Law of December 2, 1990 No. 395-1 “On Banks and banking» (Article 11) the total capital varies in size depending on the activities of the bank. And more specifically:

1. For an organization that is not a bank, the capital threshold should not be less than 90 million rubles;
2. If the bank has a basic license, then the amount of capital is 300 million rubles;
3. If a bank has been issued a universal license, then the capital threshold must be more than 1 billion rubles.

If a banking or credit organization is unable to comply with the limits of the authorized capital, then the license of such a bank is revoked, and it is forced to cease its activities. The following are the cases in which a bank loses a license:

• In the event that banking cash are calculated in a smaller amount than established by Federal Law No. 395-1. At the same time, at the beginning of this year, the bank had a universal license, without transferring to the status of a bank holding a basic license until the beginning of next year (01/01/2019) and without changing its status to the title of a non-banking organization.
• When a bank holding a basic license crossed the threshold minimum capital mark and did not leave this value for 4 months. The period from 01/01/2018 is taken into account.
• When the bank's performance indicator (sufficiency) does not exceed 2%.
• When at the time of issuance of registration (provided that 2 years have passed from the date of its issuance) total amount the bank's personal capital does not exceed the allowable threshold of share capital.

At the moment, the statistics of the number of banks in Russia suggests that their number is inexorably declining. Another 140 organizations are under threat of losing their licenses.

In the summer of 2015, A.L. Kostin, President and Chairman of the Board of VTB, announced that the number of banking organizations would decrease in the next five years. At the same time, he named a huge figure for that year - 500 pieces. He was of the opinion that this would have a positive effect on the economy of our country, since such a necessary measure would strengthen the strength of the banking system in the minds of people.

The requirements of the Central Bank regarding the authorized capital force most banking organizations to do the following:

• Larger banks absorb smaller ones, buying out all the assets.
• Different organizations merge into one - in this case, the merger implies a complete merger of funds.
• They declare themselves bankrupt and liquidate.

Work description

Dynamics of changes in the number of commercial banks in Russia over the past 5 years

CONCLUSION: Since 2009, there has been a decrease in the number of credit institutions in Russia by about 11% by 2013. During the period under review, the number of revoked licenses increased by 21, and as of February 1, 2013, it was 138.

1.
Analysis of the dynamics of changes in the number of credit institutions (including commercial banks) in Russia over the past 5 years, analyze the performance of credit institutions, draw appropriate conclusions…………………
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2.
Analysis of the dynamics of changes in the number of commercial banks in terms of the volume of registered authorized capital in Russia over the past 3 years and draw the appropriate conclusions…………….
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3.
Analysis of the development dynamics of the Russian banking sector in 2007-2012 and draw conclusions…………………………………………..
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4.
Analysis rating agencies evaluating the activities of commercial banks: Russian and foreign experience……………………………………………….

Files: 1 file

1. Analyze the dynamics of changes in the number of credit institutions (including commercial banks) in Russia over the past 5 years, analyze the performance of credit institutions, draw appropriate conclusions.

Dynamics of changes in the number of credit institutions in Russia over the past 5 years

Dynamics of changes in the number of commercial banks in Russia over the past 5 years

CONCLUSION: Since 2009, there has been a decrease in the number of credit institutions in Russia by about 11% by 2013. During the period under review, the number of revoked licenses increased by 21, and as of February 1, 2013 it was 138. Speaking of commercial banks, their number also decreased by 12%. This trend is connected with the tightening requirements for minimum size authorized capital and to other standards of functioning.

Performance indicators of credit institutions

CONCLUSIONS: The volume of loans, deposits and other placed funds provided to both individuals and legal entities over the past 5 years has increased by more than 3 times. This is due to the developing banking sector, which makes it possible to obtain a loan, make a deposit, etc. on acceptable terms for the population. At the same time, the volume of overdue debts also increased by more than 3 times.

Considering investment objects, growth dynamics is observed in all directions. The largest increase occurred in the item “Volume of investments in debentures of the Russian Federation and the Bank of Russia” - more than 3 times in 5 years.

Analyzing interest rates, you can see that compared to 2009 by 2013, the rate decreased by 5%.

Recently the dynamics interest rates on loans and deposits of individuals in Russian banks does not change and looks like this - rates on deposits do not grow, but on loans they do not decrease either. It seems that the crisis has already passed through financial institutions for a long time, deposit rates, respectively, decreased at one moment, but lending rates are reluctantly reduced.

During the economic crisis, banks did not lose depositors. And this is not surprising, because they have raised interest rates on deposits above 15 percent per annum. Thus, banks were not only able to retain customers, but even attracted many new ones. At the moment, the average rate on ruble deposits for a period of 1 year is 7.6% per annum, in dollars this rate is 4.5%, and in euros 4.3% per annum.

Despite the opinions of many experts at the beginning of 2011 that deposit rates would not be reduced, but would remain at the same level (+\- 0.5 percent), this did not happen. Deposit rates continue to slowly decrease.

What cannot be said about credit rates - they have decreased, but in comparison with deposits, this is simply incomparable. Car lending rates to this day cannot reach their previous level of 10-11 percent and now average about 15-16%.

Mortgage rates also leave much to be desired. The average percentage at the moment is about 13-14% per annum. At first glance, not much, but given the value of real estate today, this percentage can be safely considered extortionate. The same can be said about secured loans and business loans.

2. Analyze the dynamics of changes in the number of commercial banks in terms of registered authorized capital in Russia over the past 3 years and draw appropriate conclusions.

Change in the number of commercial banks by the volume of registered authorized capital in Russia for 2011-2013

Changes in the authorized capital of commercial banks in Russia in 2011-2013

CONCLUSION: Many banks were closed due to violations of financial legislation - inaccurate reporting, lack of capital, inability to meet the requirements of creditors for their obligations. 6 new banks failed to reach the minimum capital (90 million rubles), one bank was closed under the federal law "On counteracting the legalization (laundering) of proceeds from crime and the financing of terrorism." 29% closed due to restructuring - mainly due to mergers and acquisitions.

The Central Bank is consistently pursuing a policy of reducing the number of banks in the country, believing that this will help increase the competitiveness of the remaining players financial market. Raising the requirements for authorized capital was outlawed by about a quarter of Russian banks.

Most Russian experts do not see anything wrong with such a massive reduction in the banking sector, nodding at the United States, where liquidation of 200-400 regional banks is also expected this year. Small banks will not go bankrupt, but will be bought by larger brothers or go through merger processes. 94% of the assets of Russian banks are in the TOP-200 group, so the liquidation of weak and problem banks will not affect the Russian financial market.

Grouping of operating credit institutions
in terms of registered authorized capital for 2011-2013

CONCLUSION: After analyzing the table, we can conclude that the dynamics of operating credit institutions in terms of the amount of registered authorized capital for 2011-2013. insignificant both in the direction of decrease and in the direction of increase.

3. Analyze and identify the dynamics of the development of the Russian banking sector in 2007-2012. and draw conclusions

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General characteristics of the banking system - the number and structure of credit institutions, is presented in Table. 1.1.

From table 1.1. It can be seen that the situation of the banking system in 2010 did not change much compared to 2009. Thus, the number of credit institutions decreased by 6%, while the number of credit institutions with 100% foreign capital increased by 22.2%.

Such changes are typical both for Russia as a whole and for its individual regions, with the only difference that in economically developed regions - donors federal budget, the situation was not as critical as in regions with depressed economies.

Table 1.1. Dynamics of the number of registered credit institutions central bank Russia and their structure

Analysis of this table 1.1. allowed us to get a general idea of ​​the state of credit institutions in general. It should be noted that in general there is a tendency to reduce the number of credit institutions. This is caused, first of all, by fierce competition in the banking sector, as well as tendencies towards the consolidation of the banking sector through takeovers and mergers of banks.

But in order to get more detailed information on credit institutions of the Russian Federation, it is necessary to group banks according to the size of their authorized capital (Table 1.2.).

Table 1.2. Grouping of operating credit institutions by the amount of registered authorized capital for 2008-2010

commercial bank loan capital

Information on the registration and licensing of credit institutions is available on the website of the Bank of Russia.

If we analyze the dynamics of changes in the number of credit institutions in the Russian Federation over the past 5 years (Appendix 1), we can conclude that their number is steadily falling (Fig. 1). At the same time, the number of non-bank credit organizations increased by 11 over 3 years. Number of banks with 100% equity participation in total share of all banks approximately for this period takes 7%.

The reason for the decrease in the number of credit institutions is the federal legislation of the country, especially this process is influenced by the Federal Law of December 2, 1990 N 395-1 (as amended on September 30, 2013) “On Banks and Banking Activities”:

• · They unite with the aim of increasing and preserving capital, i.е. there is a merger of capital;
• · big banks buy smaller banks, i.e. absorption occurs.
• · They are closed due to bankruptcy or due to the inability of small banks to comply with the requirements of the Central Bank in terms of work and the size of the authorized capital, i.е. self-liquidation or liquidation by a court decision
• · The processes of mergers, acquisitions or closures of banks are ongoing, but after the Bank of Russia raises the bar on the minimum amount of authorized capital, the number of such processes will increase dramatically.

Fig.1.

Besides banks are closed and in connection with infringements of laws. According to the forecasts of a number of analysts, the reduction in the number of operating banks in Russia, which began during the financial crisis, will continue. Many experts expect a significant reduction in the number of operating banks (up to 500), but no one can say for sure how many banks will actually remain, and whether this will be good or bad for Russia will be seen after some time.

The reorganization of some credit institutions is in full swing, which also reduces the total number of banks in Russia. For example:

• · On October 22, 2013, the Bank of Russia announced that, in accordance with the requirements of Part 5 of Article 23 federal law dated 02.12.1990 No. 395-1 "On banks and banking activities", the procedure for the reorganization of the Open Joint Stock Company "BINBANK" began in the form of joining the Innovative construction bank"Bashinvest" Closed joint-stock company. After the completion of the reorganization, out of 2 banks, 1 will be obtained.
• · On January 14, 2014, the Bank of Russia announced that, in accordance with the requirements of Article 23 of Federal Law No. 395-1 dated December 2, 1990, the procedure for reorganizing the commercial bank"Absolut Bank" (open joint stock company) in the form of accession to it by KIT Finance investment bank(Public corporation).

World experience, however, shows that if a bank has found and steadily occupied a certain niche in banking services, then it does not matter whether it is a large or small bank, the main thing is that it knows how to work without violating laws and regulations. The example of small Switzerland, where large and small banks peacefully coexist, and there are so many "indecent" banks that there is nowhere for an apple to fall - is indicative. Everyone has a job there, and every bank is needed and appropriate. And according to the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC), there were 6,891 banks operating in the United States at the end of the third quarter of 2013.

Of course, it is very bad when, instead of high-quality control and effective regulation of the activities of banks, we rush from one extreme to another. It would be more reasonable not to close small banks, and especially in the regions, but to limit their maximum amounts of loans issued to one person and limit the acceptance of deposits from one depositor to certain parameters, linking all this with the amount of capital i.e. focusing them on serving small businesses and individuals, and let them work.