3.3. The procedure for calculating the needs of the enterprise in ethyl alcohol 3.3.1. The calculation of the enterprise's need for ethyl alcohol is carried out when drawing up the annual plan and ends with the development of the following documents: “Summary statement for calculating the annual need for ethyl

4. Numerical values ​​of specific consumption rates of ethyl alcohol for production and technological needs

1. ENERGY SERVICE OF THE ENTERPRISE AND THE SYSTEM OF SCHEDULED PREVENTIVE REPAIRS 1.1. The general concept of the system of preventive maintenance of power equipment 1.1.1. System of preventive maintenance of power equipment (hereinafter -

4.8. Separation of functional responsibilities between the services of the enterprise in the repair of equipment 4.8.1. The efficiency of organizing the repair of power equipment performed by an economic method can be significantly increased, and the cost can be reduced if

4. Types and varieties of heat treatment: annealing, hardening, tempering, normalization Heat treatment of metals and alloys, as well as products made from them, is used to cause an irreversible change in properties due to an irreversible change in structure.

Other enterprises Developed at YaAZ and the improved Makov heritage then spread to the Minsk and Kremenchug automobile plants, continuing in MAZs of the 200th family, in KrAZs - direct descendants of YaAZ-210, and even in the next generation Belarusian

37. Vacation of steels. Transformations in steel during tempering, changes in microstructure and properties

If an industrial enterprise received an antiseptic solution (alcohol) for processing equipment, its accounting is kept in special journals and what and in general what are the accounting rules for alcohol in industrial enterprises.norms of consumption of ethyl alcohol for repair and maintenance needs at the enterprise are established.

Firstly, the circulation of ethyl alcohol is accompanied by a package of documents described below in Article 10.2 of Law No. 171-FZ. In particular, in addition to TORG-12, there should be a TTN, a certificate for TTN, and so on. More details below.

Alcohol is an MPZ, respectively, M-4 or similar is issued upon acceptance primary document. Read more about posting in paragraph 2 of the answer.

Alcohol consumption is carried out on the basis of a limit-fence card, if unified forms are used. More details in point 3 of the answer.

In addition, the organization must keep records of alcohol in accordance with the instructions below, which describe the procedure for the transfer of alcohol, its inventory and write-off. More details in point 5 of the answer. The forms of documents used are in the appendix to the instruction http://vip.1gl.ru/#/document/97/72944/infobar-attachment/?step=18

Rationale

1. FEDERAL LAW DATED November 22, 1995 No. 171-FZ

“Article 10.2. Documents accompanying the circulation of ethyl alcohol, alcoholic and alcohol-containing products

1. The circulation of ethyl alcohol, alcoholic and alcohol-containing products is carried out only if the following accompanying documents certifying the legality of their production and circulation are available:

1) waybill;

2) certificate attached to customs declaration(for imported ethyl alcohol, alcoholic and alcohol-containing products, with the exception of ethyl alcohol, alcoholic and alcohol-containing products, which are goods of the Customs Union);

3) a certificate attached to the bill of lading (for ethyl alcohol, alcoholic and alcohol-containing products, the production of which is carried out on the territory of the Russian Federation, as well as for imported ethyl alcohol, alcoholic and alcohol-containing products that are goods of the Customs Union);

4) notification (for ethyl alcohol (including denatured alcohol) and bulk alcohol-containing products with an ethyl alcohol content of more than 25 percent of the volume of finished products);

5) certified by the signature of the head of the organization and (if there is a seal) by its seal, a copy of the notice of payment of the advance payment of excise with a note tax authority at the place of registration of the buyer on the payment of the advance payment of excise duty or a copy of the notice of exemption from the payment of the advance payment of excise with a note from the tax authority at the place of registration of the buyer on the exemption from the payment of the advance payment for the purchase (except for imports) and supplies (except for exports) of ethyl alcohol and (or) cognac distillate (cognac spirit).

2. Ethyl alcohol, alcoholic and alcohol-containing products, the circulation of which is carried out in the complete or partial absence of the accompanying documents specified in paragraph 1 of this article, are considered products in illegal circulation.

Andrey Kizimov, Deputy Director of the Department of Tax and Customs Tariff Policy of the Ministry of Finance of Russia

How to arrange and reflect the receipt of materials in accounting

The receipt of materials is processed by the storekeeper or other financially responsible person of the warehouse. Compose credit note the responsible officer must the same day. In one copy in the form approved by the head. It could be:

• unified form No. M-4 (Decree of the State Statistics Committee of Russia dated October 30, 1997 No. 71a);
• the form you created yourself. It is important that it contains all the necessary details (part 2 of article 9 of the Law of December 6, 2011 No. 402-FZ).

Usually, a separate receipt note is issued for each delivery. However, when several batches of bulk homogeneous goods arrive from the same supplier during the day, it is permissible to act differently. The storekeeper has the right to draw up one receipt order. To do this, at the end of the day, he determines the total for all goods from one supplier and indicates it in the incoming order.

3. Sergei Razgulin, Acting State Councilor of the Russian Federation, 3rd class

How to issue and reflect in accounting and taxation the release of materials into operation (production)

The issue (transfer) of materials for operation (production) is documented with the following documents:

• a limit-fence card (form No. M-8) is used for the systematic use of materials, when the norms and plans for their consumption are approved;
• waybill for the release of materials to the side (form No. M-15) is used in cases where materials are transferred to a territorially remote subdivision;
• the requirement-waybill (form No. M-11) or warehouse accounting card (form No. M-17) is used in other cases.

Such rules are established by paragraphs , and Guidelines, approved .

Chief Accountant advises: standard forms documents that are in the albums of unified forms and approved by the resolutions of the Goskomstat of Russia, it is not necessary to apply. Therefore, organizations have the right to develop a single act to write off materials. It can only indicate required details and those that are important to the organization based on the specifics of the activity.

Use the same documents to write off property worth up to 40,000 rubles. (other installed in accounting policy limit), which in other respects corresponds to fixed assets. This is due to the fact that in accounting its cost is written off similarly to materials (paragraph 4, clause 5 of PBU 6/01, letter of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated May 30, 2006 No. 03-03-04 / 4/98).

accounting

86.7291 (6,8,9)

Write off the materials transferred to production (operation) as expenses at the time of their release from the warehouse, that is, at the time of drawing up documents for the transfer of materials to operation (production) (clause 93 of the Guidelines approved by order of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated December 28, 2001 No. No. 119n).

The chief accountant advises: to determine the moment of actual use of materials in production, additional reporting forms can be used. For example, a report on the use of materials in production. This will reduce the cost of the reporting period for the cost of materials whose processing has not been started.

Some industry guidelines also recommend doing this (clause and Guidelines approved by order of the Ministry of Agriculture of Russia dated January 31, 2003 No. 26). In addition, the moment of actual consumption of materials is also important for tax purposes. For more information on this, see How to take into account material expenses when calculating income tax and How to write off expenses for the purchase of raw materials and materials when simplifying.

In accounting, record the release of materials by posting:

Debit 20 (23, 25, 26, 29, 44, 97…) Credit 10 (16)
- written off materials.

"Control public policy in the field of regulation of the alcohol market, considered a letter on the application of certain industry documents in the field of production and circulation of ethyl alcohol, alcoholic and alcohol-containing products and reports the following.

The procedure for accounting for the volume of production and turnover of ethyl alcohol is determined by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of June 19, 2006 N 380 "On accounting for the volume of production and turnover (excluding retail sales) of ethyl alcohol, alcoholic and alcohol-containing products."

"Instruction for the acceptance, storage, dispensing, transportation and accounting of ethyl alcohol", approved by the Ministry of Food Industry of the USSR on September 25, 1985 (hereinafter referred to as the Instruction), is valid, in particular, the provisions of the Instruction governing the measurement of the volume of alcohol with metal technical measuring instruments are used in law enforcement practice (Decree of the Federal arbitration court Ural District dated June 29, 2010 N F09-4965 / 10-C1).

5. INSTRUCTION OF THE USSR MINISTRY OF FOOD PRODUCTION DATED 25.09.1985 No. B/N

“2.6. Alcohol release
for production, operational, laboratory
and other purposes

The release of alcohol from the alcohol storage (warehouse) for production, operational, laboratory and other purposes at enterprises (organizations) of various industries is carried out in accordance with the norms approved in the established manner, in strict accordance with the production program of the enterprise (organization) and the range of products and products, for the production of which provide for the consumption of alcohol.

Alcohol is dispensed to production shops, laboratories by the head of the alcohol storage (warehouse) in accordance with section 2.1 of the Instructions on the demand of form No. P-29 (Appendix 9).

Blots, erasures and corrections not specified in the established procedure in the requirement are not allowed.

Managers and chief (senior) accountants of enterprises (organizations) are obliged to exercise systematic control over the correct release of alcohol for production and its use by workshops and laboratories for its intended purpose and within the established consumption rates.

The consumption of alcohol for technical and operational purposes (except for industrial processing) must be documented daily or as it is used to produce a certain batch of products, semi-finished products or conduct operations, depending on local conditions and production technology.

The act is signed by employees of workshops, laboratories and other departments of the enterprise (organization) directly involved in the acceptance and consumption of alcohol, and is approved by the head of the enterprise (organization).

Production shops and laboratories of enterprises (organizations) keep a daily record of the receipt and consumption of alcohol in a journal, which records the name and number of production operations and analyzes, the amount of alcohol consumed for each operation and in general for the day.

According to the accounting log, production shops and laboratories monthly compile and submit to the accounting department of the enterprise (organization) a report on the receipt and expenditure of alcohol for the production of products, semi-finished products, laboratory and other operational purposes, which shows the balance of alcohol at the beginning of the month, the receipt and consumption for the reporting month and the actual balance at the end of the month.

Alcohol balances at the beginning and end of the month are shown according to inventory data. The inventory is carried out in accordance with Section 6 of this Instruction.

The actual consumption of alcohol for production and operational purposes according to the report is compared with the amount calculated according to the standards approved by the higher organization.

In cases where excess alcohol consumption is detected, the heads of the relevant departments of the enterprise (organization) submit explanations to the report indicating the reasons for the excess consumption.

The chief (senior) accountant of the enterprise (organization) informs the head of the enterprise (organization) and the higher organization about the presence of excess consumption of alcohol for production and operational purposes for taking the necessary measures.

6. Alcohol inventory

6.1. On the 1st day of each month, an operational check of the presence of alcohol is carried out by measuring (tape measure, basting), the results of which are not reflected in accounting and warehouse records.

When measuring the level of alcohol, the requirements set forth in paragraph 8.15 of the Instructions should be observed.

6.1.1. Permissible discrepancies between journal balances of alcohol (minus accrued losses during storage and movement) and the results of measurements should not exceed 0.2% of the amount of alcohol according to the recorded data.

Otherwise, an inventory of alcohol residues is made by passing it through the measuring tanks.

6.1.2. The presence of alcohol is checked by a commission appointed annually by order of the director of the enterprise (organization).

The order is updated as the members of the commission change.

6.2. Sudden checks of the presence of alcohol are periodically made, which are carried out by a commission appointed by order of the director of the enterprise (organization) for each check.

6.3. The commission must include representatives of the laboratory and the accounting department of the enterprise (organization).

6.4. The check is carried out in all places of alcohol storage in alcohol storage facilities (warehouses), plant workshops, etc. in the presence of financially responsible persons.

6.5. The removal of alcohol residues and the results are documented for each storage location.

Checking the presence of alcohol by measurement is documented by an act in the form No. P-27 (Appendix 21).

6.6. Once a year, during the period of least residues, the presence of alcohol is determined necessarily by passing it through measuring cups.

6.6.1. Enterprises (organizations) that do not have technical measuring instruments of class I, the presence of alcohol during the inventory is determined by weight, followed by recalculation of its mass into anhydrous alcohol (clause 4.1.8 of the Instruction).

Before pouring alcohol into a container, the weight of each individual barrel (or other container) must be established, which is indicated in the list of plumb lines.

The alcohol concentration will be determined in a sample from a storage tank or in a combined sample from all barrels (bottles, cans).

The list of plumb lines of alcohol, indicating for each plumb line the tare number, gross weight, tare and net weight, is signed by the inventory commission and is attached to the inventory act. The result of the column "net weight" is repeated in words.

In the act of inventory indicate the net weight, the concentration of alcohol at t +20 degrees. C, the indicator of the table. VI "Tables" and the number of decalitres found in the presence of anhydrous alcohol with an accuracy of 0.01 dal.

6.7. The act on the removal of residues (form No. P-27) lists the capacities (dishes) in which at the time of the inventory there was no alcohol, i.e. the act must indicate all, without exception, the tanks, tanks, barrels, etc., assigned to the financially responsible person, intended for the storage and transportation of alcohol.

6.8. The act of removing alcohol residues must be drawn up on the day of the check and no later than the next day handed over to the chief (senior) accountant of the enterprise (organization) signed by members of the commission and financially responsible persons.

6.9. In the event of an excess or shortage of alcohol, the accounting department of the enterprise (organization) is obliged to demand a written explanation from the financially responsible person, after which the inventory commission issues a conclusion about the shortage or excess of alcohol.

6.10. The inventory act is submitted to the head of the enterprise (organization) for approval no later than the next day after the inventory.

6.10.1. If there is a shortage or surplus, the head of the enterprise (organization) gives an order to the accounting department to write off the actual losses of alcohol within the limits of natural wastage or capitalize the surplus, and is also obliged to take measures against those guilty of a shortage of alcohol in excess of the norms or in the formation of surplus resulting from improper operations with alcohol.

6.11. The posting of surpluses or write-off of shortages of all grades and types of alcohol is carried out only according to the results of an inventory made by passing alcohol through measuring cups (clause 1.3.1 of the Instructions) or by weighing it.

6.11.1. It is forbidden to write off shortages of alcohol and capitalize surpluses when cleaning individual tanks.

6.12. The remainder in the tank of a small amount of alcohol must be transferred to another tank, according to the type and grade of alcohol, with a corresponding entry in the journal in the form No. P-22.

Active Edition from 30.08.1991

ORDER of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation of August 30, 1991 N 245 "ON STANDARDS FOR THE CONSUMPTION OF ETHYL ALCOHOL FOR HEALTH CARE, EDUCATION AND SOCIAL WELFARE"

Order

In order to improve the quality of medical care for the population and more rational use of alcohol, I affirm:

1. Standards for the consumption of ethyl alcohol for healthcare, education and social security institutions (Appendix 1).

2. Approximate norms for the consumption of ethyl alcohol for units of medical institutions (Appendix 2).

3. Approximate norms for the consumption of ethyl alcohol for medical procedures (Appendix 3).

I order:

1. To the Ministries of Health of the Union and Autonomous Republics, heads of regional, regional and city health authorities, main pharmacy departments and "Pharmacy" associations of the Ministries of Health of the Union Republics, regional, regional and city pharmacy departments ("Pharmacy" associations):

1.1. When determining the needs of healthcare, education and social security institutions in ethyl alcohol, be guided by the standards approved by this order (Appendix 1).

1.2. Develop and approve, if necessary, standards for the consumption of ethyl alcohol for individual institutions, departments and offices, as well as consumption rates for various medical procedures, taking into account the equipment used, treatment methods and the amount of work.

1.3. Grant the right to heads of healthcare institutions to distribute ethyl alcohol between departments and offices within the total volume of alcohol allocated to the institution, using, if necessary, the norms given in Annex 2 of this order.

1.4. When distributing the needs of pharmacies in ethyl alcohol, the calculation should be made taking into account only the extemporaneous formulation.

1.5. Allow pharmacy departments (associations "Pharmacy") to distribute the total amount of alcohol for the manufacture of medicines among pharmacies, taking into account the specifics of the formulation, setting, if necessary, individual standards.

1.6. The release of ethyl alcohol to health care institutions is carried out on the basis of requirements signed by the head of the institution (department) and certified by the seal of the institution under a separate power of attorney, issued in the prescribed manner and giving the right to receive alcohol within one month. Alcohol is sold in weight measurement at a price set for medical institutions.

1.7. Establish that the heads of health care institutions are personally responsible for the correct appointment, storage, accounting and dispensing of ethyl alcohol and the rationality of its use.

3. To impose control over the implementation of this order on the Main Directorate of Public Health and Medical and Social Programs of the USSR Ministry of Health (comrade Karpeev A.A.) and on V / O Soyuzfarmatsiya (comrade Apazov A.D.).

I authorize you to reproduce the order in the required quantities and bring it to the attention of healthcare institutions.

Deputy Minister
A.M.MOSKVICHEV

Attachment 1
to the order of the Ministry of Health of the USSR
dated August 30, 1991 N 245

Note:

1. Ethyl alcohol in its pure form is dispensed from pharmacies to medical institutions without taking into account fluctuations in concentration (from 96 to 97%). For skin treatment before injections, 70% ethyl alcohol is dispensed.

2. The release of alcohol in the form of boron, salicylic, menthol, formic and other, except camphor, to health care institutions, to be carried out at the expense of pure alcohol standards.

3. The consumption of alcohol for dilution of chlorhexidine bigluconate is made at the expense of the total amount of alcohol allocated to the department. Quantitative accounting of chlorhexidine digluconate solution in departments is not kept.

4. The amount of alcohol necessary for the training of students is allocated to the basic institution additionally according to the norms approved by the Ministries of Health of the Union Republics.

medical and social programs
A.A. Karpeev

Head of the Main Department
maternal and child health
I.A. LESHKEVICH
Annex 2
to the order of the Ministry of Health of the USSR
dated August 30, 1991 N 245

Note: these norms can be used when writing off ethyl alcohol as an expense in departments and offices of medical institutions. They are not used to determine the need for ethyl alcohol for the planned period.

Head of the Main Department
public health and
medical and social programs
A.A. Karpeev

* When the institution performs the functions of serving the population of other territories (consulting, diagnostics, etc.), the additional need for alcohol is determined according to the norms specified in Appendix 2.

The Zakonbase website presents the ORDER of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation dated August 30, 1991 N 245 "ON REGULATIONS FOR THE CONSUMPTION OF ETHYL ALCOHOL FOR HEALTH CARE, EDUCATION AND SOCIAL SERVICE INSTITUTIONS" in the most recent edition. It is easy to comply with all legal requirements if you familiarize yourself with the relevant sections, chapters and articles of this document for 2014. To search for the necessary legislative acts on a topic of interest, you should use the convenient navigation or advanced search.

On the website "Zakonbase" you will find the ORDER of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation dated 30.08.91 N 245 "ON REGULATIONS FOR THE CONSUMPTION OF ETHYL ALCOHOL FOR INSTITUTIONS OF HEALTH CARE, EDUCATION AND SOCIAL SECURITY" in a fresh and complete version, in which all changes and amendments have been made. This guarantees the relevance and reliability of the information.

At the same time, you can download the ORDER of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation dated 30.08.91 N 245 "ON STANDARDS FOR THE CONSUMPTION OF ETHYL ALCOHOL FOR HEALTH, EDUCATION AND SOCIAL WELFARE" completely free of charge, both in full and in separate chapters.

INTRODUCTION

The production of many types of products, the operation, maintenance and repair of machines and equipment, the performance of experiments and physical and chemical analyzes, disinfection and health and many other works at enterprises and organizations are associated with the need to use ethyl alcohol. Along with fuels and lubricants, brake, cooling and other special fluids, ethyl alcohol is an operational consumable.

The attractiveness of using aqueous solutions of ethyl alcohol for other purposes, as well as the need to use it in significant volumes for technical needs at enterprises and organizations, require special measures for its economical and lawful use.

An analysis of the operation of many machines, equipment, complex control and monitoring systems shows that their failure is often caused either by untimely performance of repair and maintenance work, or by the use of other ineffective substitutes (petroleum origin or mineral solvents). In particular, numerous failures in the operation of electronic devices, computer technology, automatic lines, control systems, security and protective systems in half of the cases are due to the use of surrogate substitutes for ethyl alcohol as flushing liquids.

Despite the relative scarcity of ethyl alcohol, its replacement with other washing liquids and solvents cannot be considered justified, since the losses incurred by enterprises due to equipment downtime as a result of the use of substitute liquids are not comparable with the cost of ethyl alcohol necessary to perform these works in in accordance with the manufacturer's recommendations.

Gasoline, kerosene, acetone, and even soapy water have come to be considered worthy substitutes for ethyl alcohol for maintenance work and many technological operations. It came to recommendations even in medical institutions instead of ethyl alcohol in some cases to use highly purified gasoline. The mention of the need to use ethyl alcohol as a flushing liquid in the operational documentation of manufacturers has come to be considered a sign of "bad taste", almost condoning drunkenness.

The publication of methodological and reference literature on the planning and consumption of ethyl alcohol as flushing liquids has ceased. The last in this series were the "Ethyl alcohol consumption standards for power equipment and technical needs" published in 1999, which could not satisfy many potential consumers.

Over the past time, the author has received proposals from enterprises of various profiles to supplement recommendations on the use of ethyl alcohol for technological and other industrial needs, most of which are reflected in this publication.

Another important goal of issuing the handbook is to create conditions for ensuring and maximum unification:

the procedure for acceptance, storage, dispensing and transportation of ethyl alcohol at enterprises and organizations in Russia, regardless of their industry affiliation and form of ownership;

methodology for standardization, calculation of demand and accounting for ethyl alcohol at various enterprises and stages of its acceptance and transfer;

documentary reflection of operations for the acceptance and release of ethyl alcohol;

control over the safety of alcohol at the stages of its transportation, storage and use, as well as operational control over compliance with the established norms for the consumption of alcohol in all areas of its use at the enterprise.

At the same time, each enterprise retains a choice: either directly use the recommendations and specific norms of the Directory, or adjust them in accordance with the characteristics and capabilities of the enterprise. In the latter case, the norms given in the Handbook can serve as a basis (or at least a guideline) for adjusting specific norms or developing them for equipment that is not in the Handbook.

1. BASIC CONCEPTS, TERMS AND DEFINITIONS

Recommendations for rationing the consumption of ethyl alcohol cover a wide range of machines, mechanisms, devices, devices, devices (hereinafter referred to as equipment) used in various fields of activity (production, provision of services, testing, chemical analysis, etc.), in each of which there are their own terminological features, and sometimes conflicting definitions of the same concepts.

In table. 1.1 provides terms and definitions that maximally unify the terminology of various industries - consumers of ethyl alcohol, while observing the principle of consistency with GOST. Preliminary familiarization with the terminology is a necessary condition for an adequate and successful perception of the Handbook material.

Table 1.1

Technical terms and definitions

2. RULES FOR ACCOUNTING, TRANSPORTATION AND STORAGE OF ETHYL ALCOHOL

2.1. Determination of the volume content of anhydrous ethyl alcohol during its acceptance, storage and issuance

2.1.1. A distinctive feature of ethyl alcohol, which makes it difficult to account for and conflict-free transfer from supplier to consumer, is a significantly pronounced dependence of the content of anhydrous ethyl alcohol (by volume) in its water-alcohol solutions (mixtures) not only on the strength of these solutions, but also on temperature.

Therefore, when accounting for ethyl alcohol, a decalitre (dl) and 1 dm 3 (liter) of anhydrous alcohol at a temperature of +20 ° C are taken as a unit of measurement. The strength of the solution (the volume content of anhydrous alcohol in it), measured with a glass alcohol meter at the temperature of its production (issuance), is recalculated to a base temperature of +20 °C.

2.1.2. A direct consequence of this is the need to record the following parameters during the operations of receiving and dispensing water-alcohol solutions: the total volume of the water-alcohol solution (in the absence of proper measuring devices, its mass), the readings of the alcohol meter, and the temperature of the solution, on the basis of which the content in it of anhydrous alcohol (as a percentage by volume), reduced to a temperature of +20 °C.

2.1.3. The volume of a water-alcohol solution is measured using technical measuring instruments of the 1st class with a capacity of 0.5 to 50,000 dm 3, bearing the stigma of the Gosstandart (Rostekhregulirovanie) of Russia. Small volumes of water-alcohol solutions (up to 0.5 dm 3) are measured with measuring glassware.

With large volumes of water-alcohol solutions and significant temperature deviations from the “base” (+20 °C), a correction is introduced that takes into account the volumetric expansion of the measuring tank. The actual volume of the measuring cup is determined by the formula

V t \u003d V 20 + V 20 (t - 20) ?,

where V t and V 20 - the capacity of the mernik, respectively, at a temperature t and 20 °C, dm 3;

t is the temperature of the solution, °С;

? - coefficient of volumetric expansion of the material from which the measuring device is made.

The terms for verification of measuring utensils and other instrumentation used in alcohol farms are determined by GOST 8002-71.

2.1.4. To determine the volume of anhydrous alcohol in water-alcohol solutions of various nature (raw alcohol, rectified alcohol, etc., as well as spent alcohol-containing mixtures), the following mandatory operations are performed:

by immersion in a water-alcohol solution of a special thermometer, providing an accuracy of at least 0.5 ° C, the temperature of the solution is determined;

by immersing a glass alcohol meter in a water-alcohol solution, the alcohol meter reading is determined, located at the air-liquid boundary (along the lower meniscus line), characterizing the volumetric content of ethyl alcohol (strength of the solution) at a previously recorded temperature.

It is recommended to measure the temperature and strength of a water-alcohol solution twice (temperature, strength; temperature, strength). For calculations, the average values ​​​​of temperature and strength (volume alcohol content) obtained from two measurements are used. The moments of measuring the temperature and strength of the solution should be as close as possible in time.

In the case of using solution samples taken in laboratory glassware for measurements, it is necessary to ensure that the selected batch is sufficiently representative.

At the time of fixing the parameters, the alcohol meter must take the temperature of the surrounding water-alcohol solution, be in a steady state (without oscillatory movements in the vertical and horizontal planes) and not come into contact with the walls of the vessel (reservoir).

2.1.5. All subsequent calculations related to taking into account alcohol during its acceptance and issuance are made on the basis of the "Tables for determining the content of ethyl alcohol in water-alcohol solutions". - M.: Publishing house of standards, 1988.

The tables establish the relationship between the density of the water-alcohol solution, its temperature, the alcohol content in it and the readings of the alcohol meter. The density in the tables is given in g / cm 3 (kg / dm 3).

In the instructions for the use of the tables, the term "alcohol content by volume" throughout refers to the alcohol content of the solution as a percentage by volume at a temperature of +20 °C.

2.1.6. Further calculations based on measurements according to clause 2.1.4 are made using Table. P1-P5 adj. 2 . Typical examples of the use of tables for practical purposes (acceptance and issuance of alcohol) are given below. For ease of use, the numbering of tables has been changed.

2.1.6.1. Example 2.1. A batch of alcohol with a volume of 1200 dm 3 (l) is accepted, which has a temperature t= +10 °C, and the glass alcohol meter gives a reading of 94%. It is necessary to determine the volumetric content of alcohol (at a temperature t= +20 °C) and the volume of anhydrous alcohol in the resulting batch (at the same temperature).

According to the table P1 adj. 2 "Relative alcohol content (by volume) depending on the readings of a glass alcohol meter and the temperature of the solution" at the intersection of the column "94%" and the line "+10 ° C" we find that the desired volume content of anhydrous alcohol, reduced to a temperature of +20 ° C , is 96.16%.

To answer the second question of example 1, the result obtained (96.16%) is used as an input parameter in Table. P2 (see appendix 2) "Multipliers for determining the volume of ethyl alcohol at +20 ° C, contained in a given volume of a water-alcohol solution, depending on temperature."

At the intersection of the temperature line (t = +10 °C) and the column corresponding to the value of 96.16% alcohol content at a temperature t= +20 °C, the corresponding multiplier is found. Due to the fact that Tab. P2 (see Appendix 2) contains columns only with integer values ​​of the volumetric content of alcohol (76, 77, 100%), the factors for intermediate values ​​of the volumetric content of alcohol (in our case - 96.16%) are found by interpolation. For this, from Table P2 write out multipliers for the two closest to 96.16% values ​​of the volumetric content of alcohol:

A proportion is drawn up

as a result of the solution of which we obtain

x= 0,9719.

The volume of anhydrous alcohol (at t= +20 °C) in the received batch:

1200 dm 3 0.9719 = 1166.28 dm 3 (l).

2.1.6.2. At enterprises and organizations with a low annual consumption of alcohol, carrying out operations on the receipt and consumption of alcohol in mass terms, the mass of a water-alcohol solution is converted into anhydrous alcohol according to the following scheme:

1) according to the table. P1 adj. 2 determine the volume content of anhydrous alcohol at +20 °C (see example 2.1);

2) according to the table. P3 adj. 2 “The volume of alcohol at +20 °C contained in 1 kg of a water-alcohol solution, depending on the alcohol content in the solution (as a percentage (by volume) at a temperature of +20 °C)” determines the multiplier characterizing the volume of anhydrous alcohol in 1 kg water-alcohol solution;

3) the indicator found is multiplied by the mass of the water-alcohol solution.

The result of this operation will be the desired volumetric content of anhydrous alcohol in the accepted batch of alcohol (measured by weight).

2.1.6.3. Example 2.2. Determine the volume of anhydrous alcohol in the accepted batch of a water-alcohol solution weighing 162.86 kg at a temperature of +10 ° C and an alcohol meter reading of 94 divisions (94%).

As in the previous example, according to Table. P1 adj. 2 at the intersection of the column “94%” and the line “+10 °C”, the volumetric content of alcohol in the solution at +20 °C is determined - 96.16%. In table. P3, which determines the volume of anhydrous alcohol in 1 kg of a water-alcohol solution, the closest values ​​​​for the input parameter are 96.10 and 96.20%, which give, respectively, 1.1924 and 1.1942 dm 3 in 1 kg of solution at + 20°C. Using the interpolation method, we find that the volume content of alcohol of 96.16% corresponds to the volume of 1.1935 dm 3 of anhydrous alcohol (at +20 ° C) in 1 kg of a water-alcohol solution under the conditions specified in example 2. Therefore, 162.86 kg of alcohol contains 162.86 1.1935 = 194.37 dm 3 of anhydrous alcohol (at +20 °C).

2.1.6.4. App. 2 are also given in Table. P4 and P5, useful for solving a number of other (less typical for practice) tasks.

2.2. The procedure for obtaining ethyl alcohol from the supplier's warehouse, its transportation and acceptance to the recipient's warehouse

2.2.1. Alcohol is dispensed by Suppliers if the Recipient (enterprise, organization) has an agreement and a duly executed power of attorney to receive it.

2.2.2. The release of alcohol is carried out by full measurers that have passed the State verification within the established time limits and have seals or stamps of the state verification, as well as certificates of admission of measurers to operation. The release of alcohol by incomplete measurers is allowed only at the last measurement. Partial drains and topping up of merniks are prohibited.

2.2.3. Samples of alcohol to determine its strength are taken from each measuring tank in equal portions, the total volume of samples taken must be at least 1 dm 3. The samples poured into one clean glassware form an average sample. After analysis, the sample is poured into the container of the Recipient, sealed or sealed by the Supplier and accounted for in the total amount of alcohol dispensed.

The label with an average sample indicates: Supplier, Recipient, name (brand) of alcohol, GOST, strength, amount of alcohol in the batch from which the sample was taken, the date of dispensing of alcohol and the number of the accompanying document, the names and signatures of the person who dispensed and received the alcohol. The sample is kept by the Recipient until the received batch of alcohol is used, but not less than two months.

2.2.4. Alcohol is poured into the recipient's containers (tank trucks, iron barrels, cans, bottles). The container must be in good condition and clean. The use of alcohol containers for any other needs, except for the transportation and storage of alcohol, is prohibited.

2.2.5. Iron barrels must have metal stoppers with strong threads and a device for applying seals. Barrels must be stenciled with oil paint indicating the owner, barrel number, capacity, weight, date of measurement, as well as the inscription “Flammable”.

The volume of alcohol poured into each barrel is determined by the readings of the measuring gauge.

During transport, drums should be placed with the caps facing up, and pads should be placed under the drums to ensure their immobility in transit. Bottles with alcohol are placed in special lattice boxes or baskets.

2.2.6. At the end of the last measurement and pouring alcohol into barrels, the total volume of alcohol is calculated (with an accuracy of 0.1) and the average temperature is determined with an accuracy of 0.5 °C.

According to the selected, thoroughly mixed sample of alcohol, its strength is determined, for which a thermometer and an alcohol meter are immersed in a laboratory beaker with a sample. Based on the readings of the alcohol meter (the number of divisions into which it plunged) and the temperature of the alcohol according to Table. P1 adj. 2 the volume content of anhydrous alcohol at nominal temperature is determined t= +20 °C (see paragraphs 2.1.4–2.1.6).

An accompanying document is drawn up for the dispensed amount of alcohol in the form accepted in the Supplier's records. The amount (volume) of the dispensed alcohol is shown in the accompanying document in dl and dm 3 of a water-alcohol solution and in dl and dm 3 of anhydrous alcohol, with all the data on the basis of which these volumes were calculated.

2.2.7. Until the moment of delivery to the warehouse of the Recipient, the responsibility for the accepted amount of alcohol, its safety during transportation, as well as for the safety of seals (seals) is borne by the financially responsible person who received the alcohol.

2.2.8. Acceptance of the alcohol delivered to the warehouse of the Recipient is carried out by the warehouse manager (storekeeper) with the obligatory participation of a laboratory chemist or other competent person specially authorized by the head of the enterprise (organization) and, along with the warehouse manager, responsible for the correct determination of the temperature, strength and amount of anhydrous alcohol. Alcohol receivers are obliged to inspect and check the container and the condition of the seals (seals) on it.

2.2.9. Acceptance of alcohol delivered in a serviceable container with intact seals is carried out in the following order:

2.2.9.1. The warehouse manager (storekeeper), in the presence of a laboratory chemist, accepts alcohol through alcohol-receiving measuring devices, then they jointly determine the strength, temperature of the solution and the amount of anhydrous alcohol received;

2.2.9.2. Upon completion of acceptance, a receipt order is issued according to the standard interdepartmental form No. M-4 (Appendix 3), in which, in addition to the details on the basis of which the amount of anhydrous alcohol was calculated, the volume of the delivered water-alcohol solution, an amendment for the volumetric expansion of the measuring cup, the volume of alcohol with taking into account the correction, the average temperature of alcohol in measuring cups, the reading of the alcohol meter, the multiplier of the volume content of anhydrous alcohol. The receipt order is signed by the warehouse manager (storekeeper), laboratory chemist, as well as the employee who delivered the goods.

2.2.10. In case of delivery of alcohol in a container with broken seals (seals), as well as in case of a shortage of alcohol, the acceptance procedure is as follows:

2.2.10.1. In the accompanying document, an appropriate entry is made about the malfunction of the container and the lack of alcohol;

2.2.10.2. For the delivered batch of alcohol, a receipt order is issued in the form M-4 (see clause 2.2.9.2.);

2.2.10.3. An "Act on the acceptance of materials" is drawn up according to the standard interdepartmental form No. M-7 (Appendix 4). In the act, in addition to the details provided for by the form in the “Other data” section, the condition of the seals (seals), their number, places of application, the pattern of the impression, as well as all the indicators on the basis of which the shortage of alcohol was calculated are described;

2.2.10.4. The difference between the amount of anhydrous alcohol received at the Supplier's warehouse and the amount accepted at the Recipient's warehouse is an excess loss, the cost of which is recovered from the financially responsible person who delivered the goods.

2.2.11. Separate measurements (plumb lines) of alcohol upon its acceptance at the Recipient's warehouse and release to consumers are recorded in the register of alcohol measurements (Appendix 5), in which the following columns must be filled in: name and number of the document by which alcohol was delivered (dispensed), position and the surname of the person who delivered (received) the alcohol, the numbers of the measuring tanks and the temperature of the alcohol in them at each measurement, the volume of the water-alcohol solution.

At the end of the acceptance (release) of alcohol, the final indicators are filled in the journal, on the basis of which the amount of anhydrous alcohol is calculated. The journal is signed by the warehouse manager (storekeeper), the employee who delivered (received) the alcohol, and the laboratory chemist.

2.2.12. Enterprises and organizations that keep warehouse and accounting records of alcohol in the mass calculation of a water-alcohol solution and liters of anhydrous alcohol, the delivered alcohol must be weighed and converted into liters of anhydrous alcohol (the conversion procedure is set out in paragraph 2.1.6).

2.2.13. Acceptance of alcohol delivered in serviceable railway tanks with unbroken seals is carried out in the following order:

2.2.13.1. For the acceptance of alcohol delivered in tanks by railway, by order of the head of the recipient enterprise, a commission is created with the obligatory participation of a person financially responsible for the safety of the received alcohol, a laboratory chemist, an authorized representative of a disinterested organization and a representative of the railway;

2.2.13.2. The Supplier's representative is obliged to attach a certificate for each tank car to the railway bill of lading, the second copy of the certificate is attached to the payment request;

2.2.13.3. The commission checks the technical serviceability of the tank and the condition of the seals applied by the consignor;

2.2.13.4. If the tanks and seals are in good condition, the commission removes the seals, measures the filling height of each tank with a special standard ruler (underfilling alcohol below or overflowing above the line marked on the inner surface of the tank cap is allowed no more than 5 cm, and when transported along the roads of the Southern zone - 10 -15 cm below the established level); then the temperature of the alcohol in the tank and its strength are determined; in case of discrepancy between the strength of alcohol in the tank specified in the railway bill of lading and the certificate, or in the case of delivery of alcohol that does not meet the requirements of GOST (by color, smell and other indicators), a sample is taken;

2.2.13.5. The sample is taken in the amount of two half-liter bottles and sealed by the commission that accepted the alcohol (as specified in paragraph 2.2.3); the label additionally indicates the number of the alcohol quality certificate, the number of the railway bill of lading and the number of the accompanying document.

2.2.14. Acceptance of alcohol in the event of its delivery in a faulty tank or with a broken seal on the hatch cover of the tank is carried out in the following order:

2.2.14.1. Acceptance of alcohol from representatives of the railway is carried out by the commission of the consignee with the obligatory participation in the composition of the commission of the head (deputy head) of the station and the weigher;

2.2.14.2. The commission performs the operations provided for in clause 2.2.13, and additionally works under clause 2.2.14.3. - 2.2.14.6;

2.2.14.3. The commission draws up a commercial certificate of acceptance of alcohol. The act indicates the number and condition of the seals, the pattern of the impressions and the places where the seals were applied, the height of the underfill, the height of the cap, the temperature and strength of the alcohol in the tank; in case of detection of a reduced strength of the delivered alcohol, two samples of one liter each are taken, which are sealed or sealed with a wax seal of the destination station. One sample is sent for analysis and examination to a neutral laboratory at the direction of the railway, and the other is kept by the Recipient as a control. Labels on bottles are issued in the order specified in paragraph 2.2.13.5, with the only difference being that the date of discharge is indicated instead of the filling date;

2.2.14.4. Samples taken upon acceptance of alcohol received in a railway tank car are transferred by invoice to the Recipient's laboratory, where the delivery of these samples to the alcohol storage warehouse is recorded in the sample register;

2.2.14.5. Properly stamped or sealed alcohol samples must be kept by the Recipient for two months in case of arbitration;

2.2.14.6. The recipient sends one copy of the commercial act to the Sender. On the basis of the commercial act, the Recipient draws up a calculation of the shortage of alcohol delivered in a railway tank car, and, in accordance with this calculation, submits a claim to the Railway Administration within the established time limits.

2.2.15. Upon receipt of a tank with alcohol in good condition and with unbroken seals on the hatch of the tank, the Recipient assumes at his own expense the loss of alcohol in transit by rail, as well as losses during pumping and transportation carried out by the Recipient, within the limits of natural loss (app. 16).

2.2.16. Losses of alcohol calculated by the Supplier when filling the tank are attributed to the Supplier; The recipient verifies that these calculations are correct.

2.2.17. In the event of an excessive shortage of alcohol, the Recipient makes a claim against the Supplier at the same time as sending him a commercial act on the shortage, but no later than five days after the acceptance of the alcohol.

2.2.18. Upon receipt of alcohol, the quality of which does not correspond to the accompanying documents, the commission draws up an act according to the standard interdepartmental form No. M-7 (see Appendix 4); in the act, in addition to the details provided for in the form, the commission characterizes the quality of the delivered alcohol according to the indicators provided for by the relevant GOST or specifications. Until the claims are satisfied, the Recipient is obliged to keep the Sender's seals removed from the railway tank car.

2.3. Accounting and dispensing of alcohol for production and technical needs from the warehouse of the enterprise

2.3.1. According to the norms of consumption of ethyl alcohol in force at the enterprise, each division sets limits on the consumption of alcohol for the planned year. The limits for obtaining ethyl alcohol signed by the chief technologist and approved by the chief engineer are transferred to the accounting department of the enterprise (for control); departments of the enterprise (to ensure production and technical needs) and to the supply department (to organize work to provide the departments with the necessary amount of alcohol).

2.3.2. The supply department, on the basis of limits, issues limit-fence cards according to the standard interdepartmental form No. M-8 (Appendix 6) for the monthly need for alcohol. The first copy of the card is handed over to the warehouse before the beginning of the month, and the second copy - to the subdivision. Subdivisions that consume alcohol in small quantities and receive it once or twice a month, instead of a limit-fence card, can write out requirements according to the standard interdepartmental form No. M-10a (Appendix 7). Limit-fence cards and requirements for the release of alcohol are signed by the head of the supply department.

2.3.3. The supply department monthly adjusts the alcohol supply limits for the balance of unused alcohol in the departments at the end of the previous reporting period.

2.3.4. The overlimit sale of alcohol and the replacement of one type with another is formalized by a special requirement in the form No. M-10 (Appendix 8). Overlimit is considered an additional need (compared to the calculated one) to overfulfill the production program, to cover losses from marriage, spoilage, overspending, etc. Overlimit vacation and replacement of one type of alcohol with another is allowed only with the permission of the head of the enterprise or the chief engineer (with the visa of the chief technologist and chief accountant).

2.3.5. The warehouse manager (storekeeper) dispenses alcohol to subdivisions under the supervision and control of a laboratory chemist or other person authorized by the head of the enterprise, who, along with the warehouse manager (storekeeper), is responsible for the correct determination of the temperature of the water-alcohol solution, its strength and the amount of alcohol dispensed in waterless calculus.

2.3.6. Lists of persons entitled to receive alcohol from the warehouse are approved by the head of the enterprise and transferred to the warehouse and accounting department with samples of their signatures.

2.3.7. The warehouse manager (storekeeper) keeps daily quantitative records of alcohol in anhydrous terms on warehouse accounting cards according to the standard interdepartmental form No. M-12 (Appendix 9) for each individual type and grade of alcohol. The correctness of entries in the cards is checked monthly against accounting data.

2.3.8. The issuance of alcohol from the pantry units to the production of foremen (foremen) is carried out strictly according to approved standards, as a rule, in quantities corresponding to the shift needs of the unit.

2.3.9. The issuance of alcohol is issued by a limit-fence card according to the standard interdepartmental form No. M-8 (see Appendix 6), which is drawn up in two copies by a person authorized by the head of the unit. One copy of the card is handed over to the employee of the subdivision who dispenses alcohol from shop storage areas, and the second copy is handed over to the recipient.

2.3.10. The daily consumption of alcohol according to the norms for the amount of work actually performed, its balances at the beginning and end of the day are recorded by the foreman (foreman) or other authorized person daily in the record of the movement (use) of ethyl alcohol in the form No. US-1 (Appendix 10). Such a statement is compiled separately for each type of alcohol used and is a document for daily and monthly analysis of the use of alcohol in production.

2.3.11. Control over the timely and correct maintenance of these statements is assigned: in terms of the amount of work performed - to the planning and dispatching office (PDB) of the workshop, and in terms of alcohol consumption according to the norms for the actually completed amount of work - to the workshop technologist or other authorized persons.

2.3.12. The temperature of the water-alcohol solution and the readings of the alcohol meter during the issuance of alcohol from the shop storage places to production are determined by the shop technologist or another person authorized by the department management.

2.3.13. The issuance of alcohol should be made, as a rule, taking into account the unused balance for the previous day.

2.3.14. Daily accounting of alcohol in the storerooms is kept on the warehouse accounting cards of materials according to the standard interdepartmental form No. M-12 (see Appendix 9) by the financially responsible person.

2.3.15. The arrival of alcohol is recorded on the card from the limit-fence cards or requirements, according to which alcohol was received from the warehouse of the enterprise, the expense - from the accounting records, according to which alcohol was issued for production.

2.3.16. At the end of the month, based on the records of the movement and use of ethyl alcohol and inventory cards, the heads of workshops, departments, laboratories submit a monthly report on the consumption of alcohol in the form No. US-2 (Appendix 11). The report indicates the balance of alcohol at the beginning and end of the month, income and consumption for the month, compares the actual consumption of alcohol with the normative one and draws a conclusion about deviations (savings, overspending). The reliability of the scope of work performed by the workshop indicated in the report is confirmed by the head of the planning and dispatching department (PDO), and the standard consumption of alcohol for the scope of work performed is confirmed by the chief technologist.

2.3.17. The prepared report is submitted to the accounting department in a timely manner. Records of the movement and use of alcohol are attached to the reports.

2.3.18. The accounting department of the enterprise (organization), on the basis of the report of the unit, writes off the amount of alcohol consumed from the account of the units.

If there is an overspending of alcohol, the report is accepted by the accounting department only after the head of the unit submits a written explanation indicating the reasons and perpetrators of the overspending and the corresponding decision of the chief engineer of the enterprise to write off the allowed overspending.

2.4. Organization of storage of alcohol in the warehouse of the enterprise

2.4.1. With large volumes of consumption, alcohol is stored in metal tanks of various capacities, which make it possible to measure the presence of alcohol in them by volume.

Premises for the storage of alcohol must meet the following conditions:

a) the dimensions of the room must be sufficient to store the maximum carry-over stock of alcohol and install measuring tanks;

b) each tank, regardless of its size (volume), must be provided with free access from all sides for its inspection;

c) with a significant height of the tanks in the warehouse, ladders should be installed for sampling and measuring the level of alcohol in the tanks;

d) the floor, walls, threshold of the warehouse must be cemented with iron to a height of at least 25 cm;

e) doors must be iron, with strong locks and locks, windows - with iron bars.

2.4.2. Alcohol storage tanks should be equipped with a downpipe to the lowest point of the bottom of the tank, a bronze plug cock, a safety valve at the outlet, a float level indicator or an automatic overfill alarm.

On the pipe through which alcohol enters the tank, a tap or valve must be installed outside. The tank should also have a cleaning hatch and sampling hatches. Under the manhole cover there is a rubber gasket, and on the cover there is an air vent.

Alcohol is not added to the tank at least 20–25 cm in case of expansion of the volume of alcohol from an increase in temperature.

If part of the alcohol in the warehouse is stored in iron barrels, then the latter must be closed with metal plugs with strong threads. Keys for screwing plugs must be copper-plated.

2.4.3. Before the first pouring of alcohol, the tank must be calibrated, equipped with a metal tape measure with millimeter divisions or a basting (iron rail or hardwood with an iron strip in it), on which divisions are applied. The bottom of the basting should be provided with a copper tip - the fifth.

To calculate the maximum allowable loss of alcohol during storage in a tank, the surface (mirror) of alcohol evaporation must be determined.

2.4.4. The storage of foreign objects and materials is prohibited in the alcohol storage facility. It is also forbidden to visit the alcohol store by unauthorized persons.

2.4.5. When leaving the warehouse, the warehouse manager (storekeeper) is obliged to lock the door, and when leaving the territory of the enterprise (organization) and at the end of the working day, in addition, put seals on the doors of the warehouse and hand over the warehouse to the guards with an entry in the watch log.

2.4.6. At enterprises (in organizations) with a small volume of alcohol consumption, it is stored in metal barrels, bottles or cans, carefully corked, sealed or sealed. The use of alcohol containers for any other economic purposes is prohibited.

2.4.7. In workshop pantries and in places of direct use, alcohol should be stored in bottles or cans placed in a special iron box, which is locked and sealed by a financially responsible person.

2.4.8. With persons directly involved in operations for the movement of alcohol (receipt, storage, release) in warehouses, workshops and other structural divisions of enterprises and organizations, agreements on liability are concluded.

2.4.9. In places where alcohol is stored, in addition to general fire regulations, the following requirements must be observed:

2.4.9.1. At least once a month warehouse manager (storekeeper), manager structural unit together with the head of the fire and watch guard, they must inspect and test fire pipelines and hoses;

2.4.9.2. Branch pipes of fire pipelines must be brought out so that, without entering the warehouse of alcohol, they can be put on hoses and supply water inside the premises;

2.4.9.3. The second copies of the keys to the alcohol warehouse should be kept by the enterprise security in a special locker, the doors of which are sealed by the warehouse manager (storekeeper), but are not locked with a lock;

2.4.9.4. The air tubes brought out to the outside are equipped with breathing valves. Tank hatches, barrels and other containers must always be tightly closed;

2.4.9.5. Wiring, switches and fuses must be carried out and installed along the outer wall; light bulbs for lighting should be placed in glazed niches.

2.4.10. Reflectors are installed to enhance lighting. For portable lamps, a two-core cable with a protective sheath is used. Each incandescent lamp is supplied with hermetic fittings in a metal mesh.

2.4.11. Works in the warehouse and in the departments where alcohol is stored are carried out under the supervision of the warehouse manager (storekeeper), the head of the department.

2.4.12. Works involving blows or tapping with a metal tool on tanks (barrels) filled with alcohol are prohibited.

2.4.13. At the discretion of the head of the enterprise, a permanent fire post may be installed in the alcohol storage facility for the period of work.

2.4.14. Warehouse buildings must be equipped with lightning rods, lightning protection devices, grounding systems, grounding devices for electric motors and pipelines, which are made in accordance with the current regulations.

2.5. Collection and accounting of waste alcohol-containing mixtures

2.5.1. Waste water-alcohol solutions that are unsuitable for further use for their intended purpose, but which are subject to regeneration (filtration), are merged into a separate container and at the end of the shift are handed over to the shop pantry.

2.5.2. The list of technological operations, after which alcohol-containing mixtures are subject to regeneration (filtration), is determined by the department of the chief technologist on the basis of analyzes carried out by the chemical laboratory, and approved by the chief technologist.

2.5.3. The return rates for spent alcohol-containing mixtures are determined by the department of the chief technologist of the enterprise (organization) and approved in the prescribed manner.

2.5.4. If the enterprise has a site for the regeneration (filtration) of alcohol-containing mixtures, their delivery from the storage sites of the units is carried out directly to this site.

If the regeneration is carried out centrally at another enterprise, then the spent alcohol-containing mixtures from the departments are first handed over to the warehouse of the enterprise, after which the supply department sends them for processing to another enterprise.

2.5.5. After cleaning from impurities at another enterprise, the mixtures are returned to the warehouse of the enterprise. The possibility of their further use is determined by the department of the chief technologist based on the conclusion of the chemical laboratory. With a positive conclusion, purified alcohol-containing mixtures are used in the usual manner, and their accounting and issuance to consumers are carried out on an anhydrous basis on a common basis.

2.5.6. The delivery of spent alcohol-containing mixtures from subdivisions to the regeneration (filtration) site or to the warehouse of the enterprise, as well as the delivery by the regeneration site of alcohol-containing mixtures cleaned of impurities, is issued an invoice according to the standard interdepartmental form No. M-13 (Appendix 12). In the invoice, in addition to the details provided for in the form, all indicators are recorded on the basis of which the amount of anhydrous alcohol was calculated. The waybill is signed by: a financially responsible person who handed over alcohol, and a financially responsible person who accepted alcohol, as well as a laboratory chemist or other person authorized by the head of the enterprise.

The dispatch of alcohol-containing mixtures to another enterprise is issued on a common basis with a bill of lading, in which, as well as in a bill of lading for internal movement, all technical indicators are given, on the basis of which the amount of anhydrous alcohol is determined.

2.5.7. Alcohol-containing mixtures unsuitable for regeneration (filtration), as well as mixtures contaminated with toxic substances, are subject to liquidation.

The liquidation of such mixtures is carried out by a competent commission appointed by order of the head of the enterprise. Upon completion of the liquidation, the commission draws up an act, which indicates the basis for liquidation, as well as technical data, on the basis of which the amount of alcohol in anhydrous terms is determined.

2.5.8. The act on the liquidation of alcohol-containing mixtures is signed by all members of the commission, a financially responsible person and approved by the chief engineer of the enterprise (organization).

The act drawn up in accordance with the established procedure, together with a report on the consumption of alcohol-containing mixtures purified from impurities, is transferred to the accounting department of the enterprise as a basis for write-off.

2.6. Inventory of alcohol in the warehouse of the enterprise

2.6.1. An inventory of alcohol is made at the discretion of the head of the enterprise (organization), but at least once a quarter.

To conduct an inventory, by order of the head of the enterprise, a commission is appointed, which includes: a person from the management of the enterprise (not lower than the deputy head), the head of the unit (workshop), the head of the warehouse, a representative of the accounting department and a laboratory chemist.

The presence of alcohol during quarterly inventories is determined by measuring, and, if necessary, by passing alcohol through measuring cups.

2.6.2. Once a year, during the period of the least residues, the presence of alcohol is determined by obligatory passing it through mernik.

Enterprises that do not have technical measuring instruments of class I determine the presence of alcohol by weight, followed by its recalculation in dm 3 (l) of anhydrous alcohol. In this case, before pouring alcohol into the container, the weight of each individual barrel, can, etc. must be determined, which is then indicated in the list of plumb lines. The list of plumb lines of alcohol, indicating for each plumb line the tare number, gross and net weight, is signed by all members of the inventory commission and is attached to the inventory report.

2.6.3. The strength of alcohol is determined by a sample taken from the tank, or by an average proportional sample taken from all barrels, cans, bottles.

2.6.4. The removal of alcohol residues is drawn up by an inventory list in the form No. Inv-14a (Appendix 14), which is drawn up in two copies, and when changing financially responsible persons - in three.

The inventory act also lists containers (barrels, cans, bottles) accounted for as alcohol containers, in which at the time of the inventory there was no alcohol.

2.6.5. Otherwise, the procedure for conducting an inventory of alcohol does not differ from the procedure for inventorying other inventory items.

2.6.6. According to the inventory materials and accounting data, the accounting department draws up a certificate, on the basis of which the head of the enterprise decides on the regulation of inventory discrepancies.

2.6.7. In the event of a shortage of alcohol, the management of the enterprise takes measures to investigate the causes of the shortage and punish those responsible.

3. REGULATION OF THE CONSUMPTION OF ETHYL ALCOHOL AND CALCULATION OF THE NEED FOR IT

Rationing the consumption of ethyl alcohol involves:

establishment of specific alcohol consumption rates for individual operations (unit of work);

development of norms for the consumption of alcohol for work (product) as a whole;

calculation of the enterprise's need for ethyl alcohol for the planned period.

3.1. Specific consumption rates of ethyl alcohol

3.1.1. The measure of alcohol consumption for production and technical needs is the specific rate of its consumption per unit of work.

3.1.2. Specific consumption rates of ethyl alcohol are developed:

to perform typical technological operations;

for operations of maintenance and repair of equipment, instruments and electronic devices;

for analysis, research work;

for other production and technical needs of enterprises for which there are indications in the regulatory and technical documentation about the need to use ethyl alcohol.

3.1.3. The numerical values ​​of the specific consumption rates of ethyl alcohol are given in Sec. 4. Specific alcohol consumption rates are grouped according to the main areas of its use and are expressed in dm 3 (l) per unit of work, which can be:

in technological processes - 1 m 3, 1 m 2, 1 kg, 1 soldering of wires, etc.;

during maintenance (repair) - one maintenance (repair) of a piece of equipment;

in physical-chemical and medical-biological studies - 1 sample, 1 experiment, etc.

3.1.4. Instructions on the use of numerical values ​​of the specific consumption rates of ethyl alcohol for specific areas and conditions for its use are given in the preface to Sec. 4 (as well as in the explanatory text for each of the subsections).

3.1.5. In addition to their direct purpose, specific norms serve as the basis for the development of technically justified norms for the consumption of ethyl alcohol and for determining the need of an enterprise for ethyl alcohol for the planned period as for separate areas of its use (manufacturing of products, maintenance, chemical analyzes, etc.), as well as for departments of the enterprise and for the enterprise as a whole.

3.2. Consumption rates of ethyl alcohol

3.2.1. Ethyl alcohol consumption rates are developed on the basis of specific consumption rates. The consumption rate determines the amount of ethyl alcohol required to perform a specific operation (or operations) for the completed amount of work (for the entire area of ​​the part, for the product as a whole, for one analysis, etc.).

3.2.2. The consumption rate of alcohol for a work (product) is generally determined by the formula

where H yi is the specific consumption rate of ethyl alcohol for i-th operation;

W i is the amount of work on the i-th operation (the total area of ​​the surface of the part treated with alcohol, the number of samples, etc.);

K condition - conditions coefficient fulfillment of Mr. operations;

n - the number of different operations on the work (product) that require the use of ethyl alcohol.

Coefficient of conditions K conditions of fulfillment i-th operation equals 1.0 when the operation is performed under the basic (standard) conditions for which specific norms were developed. As a rule, for conditions that differ from the basic ones (elevated temperature, complex configuration of the treated surface, difficult access, etc.), K coni > 1. For example, when performing maintenance and repair operations using alcohol on machines and equipment outdoors it is recommended to use K condi = 1.1 (due to the increased evaporation of ethyl alcohol when working with it outdoors).

Example 3.1. Calculate the consumption rate of ethyl alcohol for the manufacture of the engine crankcase under the following conditions: H yi = 0.024 dm 3 /m 2; W i \u003d 0.4 m 2; work is performed indoors, at normal temperature (K cond. = 1.0).

Under these conditions

H p \u003d 0.024 dm 3 / m 2 x 0.4 m 2 x 1.0 \u003d 0.0096 dm 3.

3.2.3. In more detail, the procedure for calculating the consumption rates of ethyl alcohol (and the need for it) for specific areas of its use is given in guidelines that precede each of the subsections of Sec. four.

3.3. The procedure for calculating the needs of the enterprise in ethyl alcohol

3.3.1. The calculation of the enterprise's need for ethyl alcohol is carried out when drawing up the annual plan and ends with the development of the following documents:

"Summary sheet for calculating the annual need for ethyl alcohol for the enterprise for the planned year" for technological needs, operation, maintenance and repair of equipment, physical-chemical and medical-biological analyzes, hygiene needs (Appendix 13);

an explanatory note with data on the consumption of ethyl alcohol by the enterprise for the current year and the need for the planned year.

3.3.2. The summary sheet (see Appendix 13) is compiled by the chief technologist (or another person appointed by the head of the enterprise) on the basis of the "Settlement Sheets" of divisions (workshops, departments, laboratories, etc.), signed by the chief engineer, chief accountant and chief enterprise technologist.

3.3.3. "Vedomosti-calculation" is developed in the departments of the enterprise, signed by the head of the department and submitted to the department of the chief technologist within the time specified in the order of the head of the enterprise. The form "Vedomosti-calculation" of the need for each direction of the use of ethyl alcohol for the production and technical needs of enterprises is given in Appendix. fifteen.

3.3.4. In general terms, the annual requirement for ethanol is the result of multiplying the rate of consumption of ethyl alcohol by the annual program of work for the corresponding item.

Example 3.2. Under the conditions of example 3.1, it is required to determine the quarterly and annual needs of the workshop for the production of engine crankcases. The plan provides for the manufacture of 1200 crankcases per year (with an even quarterly distribution of the annual program).

P year \u003d 0.0096 dm 3 x 1200 \u003d 11.52 dm 3;

P sq \u003d 0.0096 dm 3 x 300 \u003d 2.98 dm 3.

3.3.5. The need to use ethyl alcohol for operation, maintenance and repair for all items (products, analyzes, etc.) included in the "Vedomosti-calculation" must be confirmed by the relevant paragraphs of the regulatory and technical documentation.

3.3.6. The calculation of the need for ethyl alcohol is carried out separately for each type of alcohol:

technical (GOST 17299-78); rectified technical (GOST 18300-72); rectified of the highest purity (GOST 5962-67).

3.3.7. The total requirement of the enterprise for ethyl alcohol is adjusted (reduced) by the amount of "alcohol return" (if the reclaimed alcohol is used at this enterprise).

3.3.8. Adjusted for the amount of “return alcohol”, the need is the basis for concluding a supply agreement with the supplier of ethyl alcohol.

4. Numerical values ​​of specific consumption rates of ethyl alcohol for production and technological needs

This section presents the numerical values ​​of the specific consumption rates of ethyl alcohol for technological and maintenance operations, as well as for physical and chemical analyzes and other production and technological needs of enterprises (organizations) of various profiles and forms of ownership.

Specific alcohol consumption rates were developed taking into account and on the basis of:

GOST, OST, defining the basic requirements for the quality of ethyl alcohol, the conditions for its transportation, acceptance and storage;

industry norms for the consumption of ethyl alcohol by functioning (as well as abolished or transformed) ministries and departments;

instructions of the State Standard for the regulation of the consumption of ethyl alcohol;

technical documentation of equipment manufacturers (passports, forms, operating instructions, technical descriptions, etc.);

technical specifications (TS) for the manufacture (repair) of equipment;

GOST, OST, TU for analysis, experiments and tests;

proposals and comments of approbant enterprises on the 1st edition of the “Recommendations on the rationing and economical use of alcohol in industrial enterprises”, the results of an experimental verification of its main provisions and standards directly at enterprises in various industries.

Numerical values ​​of consumption rates are developed in relation to standard conditions for performing technological, maintenance and other operations (work is performed indoors at normal temperature conditions, etc.) and can be used at enterprises of various forms of ownership and types of activities.

At enterprises where standard operations are performed under specific conditions, specific norms are adjusted by calculation or experiment (with the involvement of specialized organizations or by the enterprise itself). Similarly, the development of specific consumption rates for operations (products, analyzes) not listed in this Handbook or newly introduced is carried out.

The adjusted (newly developed) specific norms are approved and put into effect by the head of the enterprise. The organization of work and responsibility for the adjustment (development of missing) standards rests with the chief engineer of the enterprise.

As a temporary measure for the operation and maintenance, repair of new (or missing in section 4) machines and devices, it is allowed to use specific alcohol consumption rates for similar products that have the closest specifications, but only if there are instructions in the instruction manual (passport) about the need to use ethyl alcohol for these purposes.

The section shows the specific consumption rates of ethyl alcohol for individual samples of old equipment, found at enterprises in single copies. However, the meaning of maintaining such positions is to have analogues (or at least guidelines) in the development of specific standards for newly introduced equipment directly at the enterprise. A similar situation takes place in other areas of the use of ethyl alcohol in enterprises.

4.1. specific consumption rates of ethyl alcohol for the production of products (technological operations)

4.1.1. Specific consumption rates of ethyl alcohol (in Tables 4.1.2–4.1.10) are developed for one technological operation in the manufacture of products and are grouped according to the following areas of alcohol consumption:

washing and wiping the internal and external surfaces of parts;

rubbing the surfaces of parts before applying coatings; preparation of compositions for connecting parts and inscriptions on them.

For ease of use, washing and wiping operations and works are grouped into separate tables by type of production.

4.1.2. Specific alcohol consumption rates are developed for one technological operation and are measured in dm 3 (l) per unit of volume, area, length, etc.

The specific consumption rates of ethyl alcohol for individual operations (in particular, washing operations and applying compositions) vary depending on the complexity groups of the configuration of the workpieces (Table 4.1.1.). Values ​​given To conv. are only recommended. If necessary, the numerical values ​​of the coefficients K condition are specified by the enterprises themselves or involved organizations.

Table 4.1.1 Groups of complexity of the configuration of machined parts

Table 4.1.2 Specific alcohol consumption rates according to GOST 17299-78 for wiping

Note. For parts operating in vacuum at 10 3 Pa and above, ethyl alcohol should be used according to GOST 18300-87.

Table 4.1.3

Specific consumption rates of ethyl alcohol according to GOST 18300-87 for wiping

Table 4.1.4

Specific consumption rates of ethyl alcohol according to GOST 18300-87 for flushing

* The consumption of alcohol for flushing under pressure is provided only if there is an indication of the method of flushing in the technological documentation.

** As part of a mixture.

Table 4.1.5

Specific consumption rates of ethyl alcohol for technological operations in opto-mechanical production

Table 4.1.6

Specific consumption rates of technical grade A ethyl alcohol according to GOST 17299-78 during tinning and soldering

Note. Specific consumption rates of ethyl alcohol are indicated in the composition of the flux.

T a b l e 4.1.7

Specific consumption rates of technical rectified ethyl alcohol according to GOST 18300-87 during tinning and soldering

Notes: 1. Specific consumption rates of ethyl alcohol during tinning and soldering are indicated in the composition of the flux.

2. In the preparation of fluxes, alcohol according to GOST 17299-78 can be used, depending on the purpose of the flux.

Table 4.1.8

Specific consumption rates of technical grade A ethyl alcohol according to GOST 17299-78 in the process of application, impregnation and preparation of compositions

* Use alcohol in accordance with GOST 18300-87, the highest grade.

Table 4.1.9

Specific consumption rates of technical rectified ethyl alcohol of the highest grade according to GOST 18300-87 in the process of manufacturing printed circuit boards and microwave strip circuit boards

* The specific rate applies only to the second formulation.

4.2. specific consumption rates of ethyl alcohol for operation, maintenance and repair of machinery and equipment

4.2.1. The subsection shows the specific consumption rates of ethyl alcohol for maintenance (TO) and overhaul(KR) power technology equipment.

4.2.2. In order to simplify the grouping of tabular material, all equipment, the maintenance and repair of which is carried out by the services of the chief power engineer, chief mechanic and chief instrument operator, is conditionally assigned to power technological equipment.

4.2.3. The frequency of maintenance and repair is adopted in accordance with the regulatory and technical documentation of the power technology equipment manufacturers, as well as recommendations.

4.2.4. Specific consumption rates of ethyl alcohol for adjustment and maintenance (TR) of equipment are not separately given. The consumption of ethyl alcohol for these purposes is covered by the specific consumption rates provided for, respectively, for maintenance and overhaul. Also, there are no separate specific norms for the consumption of ethyl alcohol for dismantling and installation work, the implementation of which is usually timed to coincide with major repairs. The need for alcohol for these purposes should also be met at the expense of the specific consumption rates of ethyl alcohol in the CR.

4.2.5. In table. 4.2.1–4.2.11 shows the specific consumption rates of ethyl alcohol for the following types of power technology equipment:

electrical and heat engineering equipment; machine tools;

technological and automobile transport; measuring instruments for general and special purposes; means of telephone, radio and radio relay communications, television equipment.

Table 4.2.1

Specific consumption rates of ethyl alcohol for maintenance and overhaul of electrical equipment

Table 4.2.2

Specific consumption rates of ethyl alcohol for maintenance and overhaul of heat engineering equipment

Table 35.2.3

Specific consumption rates of ethyl alcohol according to GOST 18300-87 for maintenance and repair of machine equipment

Note. Adjustment is carried out according to annual schedules enterprises in accordance with the requirements of the technical documentation of equipment manufacturers.

Table 4.2.4

Specific consumption rates of ethyl alcohol GOST 17299-78 for the operation of vehicles

* For the maintenance of electrical machines. ** For the following operations: wiping generator collectors, transformer terminals, current collectors, insulator supports, equipment of control and protection stations, control panels, lamps and mirror surfaces 0.1 dm 3 each.

Table 4.2.5

Specific consumption rates of ethyl alcohol according to GOST 17299-78 for the maintenance of radio relay, television equipment and fire alarms

Table 4.2.6

Specific consumption rates of ethyl alcohol according to GOST 17299-78 for special work

Table 4.2.7

Specific consumption rates of ethyl alcohol GOST 18300-87 for the maintenance of electrographic equipment

Table 4.2.8

Specific consumption rates of ethyl alcohol GOST 18300-87 for maintenance and repair of measuring instruments for general and special purposes

* Return of waste alcohol 50%.

Table 4.2.9

Specific consumption rates of ethyl alcohol GOST 5962-67 for gas rescue service and civil defense equipment

Table 4.2.10

Specific consumption rates of ethyl alcohol GOST 5962-67 for disinfection of diving equipment and equipment

Table 4.2.11

Specific consumption rates of ethyl alcohol according to GOST 17299-78 grade A for determining the leakage of freon from climate control units and maintenance of fire extinguishing equipment

Consumption rates of ethyl alcohol GOST 18300-87 for testing and certification of thermometers, densimeters and alcohol meters

1. To check glass liquid thermometers, 0.005 dm 3 is spent per month, and to stamp mercury glass thermometers - 0.0001 dm 3.

2. To check special thermometers, thermostats, alcohol meters and exemplary densimeters, alcohol is consumed at a time in the following quantities:

when checking thermometers and glass liquid thermostats (for a cryostat) - 6 dm 3;

to check thermostats of the KB type on the 21st day of work, 8 dm 3 of alcohol is consumed for filling for KV-25, KV-22, and 7 dm 3 for KV-23. After 8 hours of operation, alcohol is added in the amount of 0.5 dm 3 .

3. When checking alcohol meters for metal exemplary and working ones for the preparation of water-alcohol solutions, depending on the existing test cylinder of the thermostat, from 13 to 63 dm 3 of alcohol is necessary.

4. When compiling a water-alcohol solution for certification of glass alcohol meters of the 1st category (a set of 11 pcs.) - 10 dm 3 of alcohol (for permanent storage).

5. When compiling test solutions (sernovy) for checking exemplary densimeters for sea water and exemplary densimeters of the 1st category with measurement limits (g / cm 3): 0.960; 0.970; 0.980; 0.990; 1,000; 1.010; 1.020; 1.030; 1.040 - 45 dm 3 alcohol.

6. When compiling water-alcohol solutions for exemplary densimeters of the 1st category with measurement limits (g / cm 3): 0.860; 0.880; 0.890; 0.900; 0.910; 0.920; 0.930; 0.940; 0.950 - 35 dm 3 alcohol.

4.3 specific consumption rates of ethyl alcohol for physical and chemical analyzes

4.3.1. The subsection presents the specific consumption rates of ethyl alcohol for physicochemical analyzes of the following substances: metals and their alloys, salts and acids, electrolytes and solutions for electroplating baths, paints and varnishes, petroleum products, solvents and thinners, adhesives and vegetable oils, resins, water , air and other products and materials.

4.3.2. Specific consumption rates of alcohol for analysis are set in quantitative terms per sample (analysis). Numerical values ​​of specific norms are given in table. 4.3.1–4.3.9.

4.3.3. The list of analyzes carried out with the use of alcohol is compiled on the basis of industry norms for the consumption of alcohol. For certain positions, the specific norms were adjusted based on the results of their practical use in enterprises and organizations in recent years.

The list does not include individual specific analyzes of a one-time nature (performed mainly for scientific purposes) or having a large spread in the numerical values ​​of the consumption rates.

4.3.4. Research and development organizations for the analysis of substances not mentioned in this Handbook develop and approve temporary specific alcohol consumption rates, which are subsequently adjusted based on the results of their practical application.

4.3.5. The consumption rate of alcohol for the performance of work of an analytical nature is an integrated value and is determined by the formula

where H R is the rate of expenditure for work;

H yi - specific norm for execution i-th operations;

W i - quantity Mr. operations needed to do the job;

m is the number of different operations that must be performed to complete the entire work (analysis, experiment).

4.3.6. The need for ethyl alcohol for the planned period is determined in the subdivisions where the analyzes are directly carried out, and is determined by multiplying the alcohol consumption rates by the amount of work to be performed in the planned period. At the same time, the scope of work is understood as the number of analyzes, the volume of prepared solutions, indicators, the number of preventive wipes of the instruments and utensils used, etc.

Table 4.3.1

Specific consumption rates of ethyl alcohol according to GOST 18300-87 for the analysis of metals and alloys

Table 4.3.2

Specific consumption rates of ethyl alcohol according to GOST 18300-87 for the analysis of electrolytes and solutions for electroplating baths

T a b l e 4.3.3

Specific consumption rates of ethyl alcohol according to GOST 18300-87 for the analysis of salts and acids

Table 4.3.4

Specific alcohol consumption rates according to GOST 18300-87 for analysis of paints and varnishes

Table 4.3.5

Specific consumption rates of ethyl alcohol according to GOST 18300-87 for analysis of petroleum products

Table 4.3.6

Specific consumption rates of ethyl alcohol according to GOST 18300-87 for the analysis of solvents and thinners

Table 4.3.7

Specific alcohol consumption rates according to GOST 18300-87 for resin analysis

Table 4.3.8

Specific consumption rates of ethyl alcohol according to GOST 18300-87 for the analysis of adhesives and vegetable oils

Table 4.3.9

Specific consumption rates of ethyl alcohol according to GOST 18300-87 for the analysis of air, water, polymeric and other technical materials

* Use ethyl alcohol according to GOST 5962-67.

APPS

Attachment 1

Characteristics of ethyl alcohol in terms of quality indicators

Annex 2

Tables for determining the alcohol content in water-alcohol solutions (Tables P1-P5)

Table P1

Relative alcohol content (by volume) depending on the readings of a glass alcohol meter and the temperature of the solution

Explanations for the use of Table. P1

Tab. P1 expresses the relationship between the readings of a glass alcohol meter, temperature and volumetric alcohol content. In the first and last columns of Table. P1 indicates the temperature values ​​at intervals of 1 degree from +40 to -20 °C. In other columns of the table. P1 shows the volumetric content of alcohol for the corresponding indications of a glass alcohol meter.

Example 1 Determine the volumetric content of alcohol in the solution, if at a temperature of +5 °C the indication of a glass alcohol meter is 83.5%.

According to the table P1 at the intersection of columns 83.5% and lines +5 find that the desired alcohol content in the solution is 87.64%.

Example 2 Determine the volumetric content of alcohol in the solution, if at a temperature of +18 ° C the reading of the glass alcohol meter is 94.4%.

According to the table P2 find that the alcohol meter reading of 94.5% at a temperature of +18 ° C corresponds to a volumetric alcohol content of 94.93%, and the alcoholmeter reading of 94.0% at the same temperature corresponds to a volumetric alcohol content of 94.44%. Desired alcohol content x found from proportion

Example 3 Determine the volumetric content of alcohol in the solution, if at a temperature of +17.64 ° C the reading of the glass alcohol meter is 93.75%.

Discharged from the table. P2 four values ​​of alcohol content for the nearest whole degrees of temperature and readings of a glass alcohol meter.

Compile an auxiliary table in the form below, where BUT- the volumetric content of alcohol in the solution, corresponding to the reading of the alcohol meter 94% and a temperature of +17.64 °C; AT- the same, but corresponding to the alcohol meter reading of 93.5% at the same temperature; x is the desired alcohol content, %.

To find A, B and x,

Substituting the found values BUT and AT in the first proportion, get x= 94,27 %.

Table P2

Multipliers for determining the volume of ethyl alcohol at +20 °C contained in a given volume of a water-alcohol solution, depending on temperature

Explanation for the use of table P2

Table A2 expresses the relationship between the volumetric content of alcohol in the solution in percent, the temperature of the solution and the multiplier for determining the volume of anhydrous alcohol, reduced to a temperature of +20 ° C, contained in a given volume of a water-alcohol solution. In the first and last columns of Table. P2 indicates the temperature of the solution after 1 degree from +40 to -20 ° C, the remaining columns show the multipliers for the corresponding volumetric content of alcohol in the solution.

To calculate the volume of anhydrous alcohol at a temperature of +20 ° C contained in a given volume of a water-alcohol solution, it is necessary to multiply the volume of a water-alcohol solution by the value taken from Table. P2.

Example 1 Determine the factor for finding the volume of ethyl alcohol at a temperature of +20 °C in a water-alcohol solution, if this solution is at a temperature of +31 °C and the volume content of alcohol is 77%. According to the table P2 at the intersection of the column 77% of the volume content of alcohol and the line +31 ° C find the desired multiplier - 0.7616.

Example 2 Determine the factor for finding the volume of anhydrous alcohol at a temperature of +20 ° C in a water-alcohol solution, if this solution is at a temperature of +17.68 ° C, and the volume content of alcohol is 85.98%.

Discharged from the table. P2 four multipliers for the nearest whole degrees of temperature and percentages of alcohol by volume. Compose an auxiliary table, denoting: BUT- a multiplier for determining the volume of anhydrous alcohol at a temperature of +20 °C, in solution at a temperature of +17.68 °C, and an alcohol volume content of 86%; AT- the same, but with a volume content of 85%; x is the desired multiplier.

To find A AT

Substituting the found values BUT and AT in the first proportion, get x= 0,8619.

PP table

The volume of alcohol at +20 °C contained in 1 kg of a water-alcohol solution, depending on the alcohol content in the solution,% (by volume) at +20 °C

Explanation for using the PP table

The PZ table expresses the relationship between the volumetric content of alcohol in the solution and the volume of anhydrous alcohol in liters at a temperature of +20 ° C per 1 kg of the solution when weighed in air. Tabular data are given for the values ​​of the alcohol content in the solution from 75 to 100% through 0.1%. The PZ table is used in cases where, based on the results of weighing, it is necessary to determine the volume of anhydrous alcohol in a solution.

Table P4

Density of a water-alcohol solution depending on temperature and relative alcohol content (by mass)

Explanation for the use of table P4

Table A4 expresses the relationship between the alcohol content in the solution as a percentage (by mass), temperature and density of the water-alcohol solution. In the first and last columns of Table. P4 indicates the temperature of the solution after 1 degree in the range from +40 to -20 °C. The remaining columns show the density of solutions for the corresponding values ​​of the alcohol content in the solution in percent (by weight).

Example 1 Determine the density of a water-alcohol solution containing 96% alcohol (by mass) and at a temperature of +17 °C.

According to the table P4 at the intersection of the column 96% alcohol content (by mass) and the line +17 ° C find the desired value of the density of the solution - 0.80391 g / ml.

Example 2 Determine the density of a water-alcohol solution containing 80.53% alcohol (by mass) and at a temperature of +26.32 °C.

BUT- the density of a water-alcohol solution at a temperature of +26.32 ° C, containing 81% alcohol (by mass), in kg / dm 3; AT- the same, but containing 80% alcohol (by mass); x

To find A, B and x, using the auxiliary table, make up the following proportions:

Substituting the found values BUT and AT in the first proportion, get x\u003d 0.837574 kg / dm 3.

Example 3 Determine the density of a water-alcohol solution containing 92.8% alcohol by mass and at a temperature of minus 15.7 °C.

Discharged from the table. P4 four density values ​​for the nearest whole degrees of temperature and percentages (by mass) of the alcohol content. Compile an auxiliary table in the form below, where BUT- the density of a water-alcohol solution at a temperature of minus 15.7 ° C, containing 93% alcohol (by mass), kg / dm 3; AT- the same, but containing 92% alcohol (by mass); x- the desired density, kg / dm 3.

To find A AT and x, using the auxiliary table, make up the following proportions:

Substituting the found values BUT and AT in the first proportion, get x\u003d 0.84172 kg / dm 3.

Note. To find the volume content q alcohol percentage by content R as a percentage (by mass), you should use the formula

where S is the density of a water-alcohol solution at +20 °C containing R percent alcohol by weight, kg / dm 3; 0.78927 - density of anhydrous alcohol at +20 ° C, kg / dm 3.

Table P5

Density of a water-alcohol solution depending on temperature and relative alcohol content (by volume) at +20 °C

Explanation for the use of table P5

Table A5 expresses the relationship between the volumetric content of alcohol in the solution, the temperature and the density of the water-alcohol solution. In the first and last columns of Table. P5 indicates the temperature of the solution at intervals of 1 degree from +40 to -25 °C. The remaining columns show the density of the solution for the corresponding values ​​of the volumetric content of alcohol in percent.

Example 1 Determine the density of a water-alcohol solution with a volume content of alcohol of 91%, located at a temperature of minus 13 ° C.

According to the table P5 at the intersection of the column 91% of the volume content of alcohol and the line -13 ° C, they find that the desired value for the density of the solution is 0.8535 kg / dm 3.

Example 2 Determine the density of a water-alcohol solution with a volume content of alcohol of 81.73% at a temperature of +16.28 °C.

BUT- the density of a water-alcohol solution containing alcohol 82% (by volume) at a temperature of +16.28 ° C, kg / dm 3; AT- the same, but containing alcohol 82% (by volume); x- the desired density, kg / dm 3.

To find A, B and x, using the auxiliary table, make up the following proportions:

Substituting the found values BUT and AT in the first proportion, get x\u003d 0.858926 kg / dm 3.

Example 3 Determine the density of a water-alcohol solution with an alcohol content of 80.2% by volume at a temperature of -7.3 °C.

Discharged from the table. P5 four density values ​​for the nearest whole degrees of temperature and percentages of alcohol content by volume. Compile an auxiliary table in the form below, where BUT- the density of a water-alcohol solution containing alcohol 81% (by volume) at a temperature of -7.3 ° C, kg / dm 3; AT- the same, but containing 80% alcohol (by volume); x- the desired density, kg / dm 3.

To find A AT and x, using the auxiliary table, make up the following proportions:

Substituting the found values BUT and AT in the first proportion, get x\u003d 0.87988 kg / dm 3.

Note. To find the alcohol content R in percent (by mass) by volume content q alcohol percentage should use the formula

where S– density of water-alcohol solution at +20 °C with volume content q alcohol, kg / dm 3; 0.78927 - density of anhydrous alcohol at +20 ° C, kg / dm 3.

Annex 3

Print with a turnover without a heading. Signatures and text under the table should be printed on the back.

Annex 16

Norms of natural loss of ethyl alcohol during storage, movement and transportation by rail, water and road transport (extraction)

Note. The southern zone includes: the Republics of the North Caucasus, the Krasnodar and Stavropol Territories, the Astrakhan and Rostov Regions.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

1. GOST 3639-79. Water-alcohol solutions. Methods for determining the concentration of ethyl alcohol.

2. GOST 5962-67. Rectified ethyl alcohol.

3. GOST 5964-93. Ethanol. Acceptance rules and methods of analysis.

4. GOST 11547-80. Alcohol ethyl synthetic technical.

5. GOST 17299-78. Ethyl alcohol technical.

6. GOST 18300-87. Ethyl alcohol rectified technical.

7. GOST 18322-78. The system of maintenance and repair of equipment. Terms and Definitions.

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19. Consumption rates of hydrolytic alcohol at enterprises for production and operational needs. - UNIL. - M., 1985.

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21. Alcohol consumption rates for maintenance of topographic and geodetic equipment. RTM 68-8-95. - M., 1995.

22. Consumption rates of rectified ethyl alcohol for laboratory and research analyzes in the oil and fat industry. - VNIIZhir. - L., 1975.

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24. Norms of consumption of ethyl alcohol for production and operational, laboratory, repair and operational needs of the Ministry of Forestry Industry of the USSR. - M., 1984.

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36. Production norms for the consumption of ethyl alcohol for work during the construction of communication facilities. Ministry of Energy, 1984.

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38. Directory of time standards for laboratory research of minerals and rocks, Ministry of Geology of the USSR. - M., 1978.

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Notes

1

2

In accordance with the current SI system, the unit of volume is 1 dm3. Given the established tradition of measuring liquid substances in liters (l), both units of measurement are used at the beginning of the book.

(Attachment 1