Plastering, painting, facing, Finishing work with the use of sheets and panels, installation of suspended ceilings, wallpaper and glass work.
The recommendations are intended for construction organizations performing finishing work in new construction, reconstruction and overhaul buildings. May be useful for individual teams and workers specializing in the field of repair and construction works.
The document was developed by employees of CJSC "TsNIIOMTP" (Ph.D. Volodin V.P., Korytov Yu.A.).
This document has been developed in accordance with the System of Regulatory Documents in Construction. The rules and regulations contained in the document can be approved by the management of the organization as an enterprise standard. The construction organization (firm) can also correct the provisions of the document: make changes and additions to it, taking into account specific local conditions. At the same time, the norms and rules can be changed, of course, in the direction of tightening, in order to improve the quality of finishing coatings and thereby increase the competitiveness of the company.
A document approved by a construction organization in the rank of an enterprise standard will not only be used in the production of finishing works, but will also be required for licensing construction organization(firms) for the production of this type of work, during the certification of the quality management system, during the certification of the quality of finishing coatings.
When developing these methodological recommendations the provisions of SNiP 3.04.01-87 “Insulating and finishing coatings» and European standards, modern achievements of science and technology, domestic and overseas experience devices of finishing coatings, as well as the results of many years of research work of TsNIIOMTP.
Recommendations contain building codes and rules that ensure the quality of finishing coatings at the level of modern requirements. At the same time, the provisions of the standard are drawn up in such a way that they allow enterprises (subject to standard requirements) to choose production methods and finishing materials that are optimal for local conditions.
The choice of methods for the production of works and materials is made at the stage of development of the project for the production of works (technological maps), agreed with the customer and approved in the prescribed manner.
The building codes, rules and methods of work contained in this document apply to the production of finishing works (plastering, painting, finishing using sheets and panels, cladding, installation of suspended ceilings, wallpaper and glass) in new construction, during the reconstruction and repair of residential , public and industrial buildings.
The construction norms, rules and methods of work contained in these Recommendations can be approved by the organization as an enterprise standard and used in the production of work, as well as in the certification and licensing of organizations performing finishing work.
Painting is carried out from surfaces cleaned of dust, dirt, splashes and streaks of mortar, grease stains, rust, efflorescence, fragile layers of old paint and putty.
Unpainted wooden surfaces for the first oil painting are prepared by repairing cracks and eliminating minor defects (burrs, spalls, etc.), cutting knots and resins to a depth of 2-3 mm, followed by sealing these places with putty.
The rough surface of plaster and concrete must be smoothed; small cracks are embroidered and puttied to a depth of at least 2 mm.
Metal surfaces are cleaned of scale, rust, etc. Pipes and plumbing fixtures are painted after removing water from them.
6.4 To clean previously painted surfaces from old paint using washes (type SP-6 and AFT-1), the following work should be performed:
clean the surface from dirt and dust;
apply a wash with a paint sprayer, a brush and rub with brushes;
remove the softened coating (with a spatula), rinse the cleaned surface at least twice with warm water.
6.5 Priming of the base is carried out in a continuous uniform layer, without gaps and breaks. Before painting or filling the surface, the dried primer must have a strong adhesion to the base, not peel off when stretched, and no traces of binder should remain on the swab or blotting paper applied to it.
Primers are used depending on the type of paint:
synthetic - for all types of water-dispersion polyvinyl acetate and acrylic paints;
synthetic non-aqueous - for enamels used for painting;
oil - for oil, glyphthalic, pentaphthalic paints;
aqueous copper vitriol and alum - for glue, casein and silicate paints with alkali-resistant pigments;
soap-glue - the same, with any pigments;
silicate (based on liquid potash glass) - for silicate paints;
soap-adhesive - for water-based synthetic paints;
perchlorovinyl - under perchlorovinyl and cement-perchlorovinyl paints;
6.6 Continuous puttying of surfaces before painting work is carried out with high-quality painting, with improved painting - for wood and metal; putty is leveled during application or immediately after application (with a mechanized method).
Sinks, cavities, small potholes and other irregularities of small depth are leveled not with fillers, but with lubricating pastes, which have a stronger adhesion to the base.
After the putty has dried, the surface must be sanded by hand or by hand machines.
6.7 For painting facades, paints for outdoor use are used:
acrylic water (dispersion VD AH, water-based E AK) and non-aqueous (polyacrylic AK-111);
water emulsion (based on polyvinyl acetate dispersion E-VA-17, E-VA-17A, type "Defas", polymer vinyl acetate E-VS-17, E-VS-114);
alkyd enamels (pentaphthalic PF, alkyd-styrene and alkyd-acrylic AS), organosilicon KO-I7, "silol" -80);
organosilicate VN and compositions OS-12-03, epoxy-enamel EP-51, bituminous BT-177;
silicate hydrophobized (organosilicon GKZH-10, GKZH-11);
polymer cement and non-ferrous cement;
perchlorovinyl PVC and cement-perchlorovinyl CPV.
6.8 For painting interiors, paints for interior or both for interior and exterior use are used:
acrylic, water-based latex and polyvinyl acetate E-VA and E-KCh, oil and alkyd;
alkyd enamels (glyphthalic, pentaphthalic, oil-resin), nitroglyphthalic (nitrolacques);
adhesive, silicate, lime, casein, epoxy-enamel.
6.9 For varnishing painted surfaces, the following are used:
rosin varnish - for metal and wood;
tsaponlak - on glass, non-ferrous and ferrous metal;
nitrocellulose varnish - on wood with or without subsequent polishing.
6.10 For painting metal surfaces, compositions are used (without pigments or with the introduction of pigments):
bituminous varnish (grades BT-500, BT-577);
coal lacquer grades A, B (Kuzbass lacquer);
epoxy (ED-540), epoxy-enamel compounds (EP-51);
alkyd-styrene varnish AS (or MS-25);
oil paints on natural drying oil;
enamels pentaphthalic (PF-115), glyphthalic (GF-230), nitrocellulose (NC-132), perchlorovinyl (PVC);
copolymer vinyl chloride compositions of CS (chlorsulfoethylene enamels of CS).
To improve adhesion (adhesion), metal surfaces should be primed: under perchlorovinyl enamels - glyptal grades GF-020, GF-032, etc., under KhSE enamels - primers like KhSG-26, KhSO-10, etc., under bituminous compositions AL-177 - primers from bituminous varnish No. 177.
6.11 For painting floors, apply:
acrylic water dispersion varnish brand
VD AK-243 - for parquet; acrylic paints - for wooden, wood-fiber and chipboard floors;
varnishes pentaphthalic brand PF-231, glyphthalic brand GF-257, urethane brand UR-19 - for parquet; pentaphthalic varnish brand PF-170 mixed with oil-resin varnish - for painting self-leveling floors (polyvinyl acetate) and painted with oil paints (to increase the wear resistance of coatings);
oil paints on natural drying oil - for wooden floors.
6.12 When applying paint, its properties should be taken into account:
Viscosity (painting consistency), at which the paint, without dripping from a brush or roller, falls freely on the surface to be painted with light pressure;
Coverage corresponding to minimum flow paint per unit area, in which the previously applied layer does not shine through the applied layer;
Drying time of the coating (primer, putty and paint) - no more than 24 hours (at air temperature plus 18-22 °C).
The viscosity of the compositions according to the VZ-4 viscometer for mechanized or manual application should be, s: silicate - 14-16, adhesive - 35-40, lime and cement - 40-45, water-based emulsion - 30-80, enamels - 40-80, oil - 45-120.
When using multi-component (two or more) paint compositions are mixed immediately before application.
6.13 Paint compositions should be applied in a continuous uniform layer. The application of paint should begin after the primer has completely dried. Depending on the hiding power of the paint and other conditions, several paint coats can be applied. As a rule, a two-layer coating is applied. The application of each subsequent painting layer is carried out after the previous layer has dried.
When finishing the paint coating with varnishes and enamels, each applied layer, except for the top one, must be sanded to remove the gloss.
6.14 Paste paint coats are made in the same way as thin colored plaster coats (Section 4).
6.15 Before painting wooden surfaces, wood can be impregnated with hydrophobic compounds (Pinotex, etc.).
6.16 The facade should not be painted: in dry and hot weather with direct exposure to sunlight; on a damp facade after rain; with strong wind; on ice.
6.17 Painting sections - panels, friezes, borders, etc. in various colors (alfray works) is done so that the joint lines of the painted sections are decorated with panels or baguettes.
6.18 Decorative finishing of painted surfaces - spraying, blunting, knurling with burlap, processing with rubber rollers and trimming - is carried out on completely cured paint layers.
6.19 Textured surface finishing is carried out by applying a thick layer of textured putty, processed in an uncured state with stamping tools or patterned rollers. Textured surfaces can be painted with glue and oil paints or enamels.
6.20 Decorative painting is usually carried out using special compressor units and airbrush spray guns.
6.21 The quality of painting work must meet the following requirements:
painted surfaces must be uniform;
translucence of the underlying layers of paint is not allowed;
stripes, spots, wrinkles, films, gaps, streaks, splashes, local corrections that stand out against the general background are not allowed. Brush marks can be with a simple painting, provided that they are invisible at a distance of 3 m from the painted surface;
local curvature of lines and shading in the mates of surfaces painted in different colors should be excluded with high-quality painting, with improved - should not exceed 2 mm, and with simple - 5 mm;
borders, friezes and panels must be of the same width throughout and not have visible joints;
surfaces treated with a sponge or rollers must have a uniform pattern. Omissions and distortions of lines, as well as displacement of the pattern at the joints are excluded;
the thickness of the layer of primers from water and from drying oils prepared on the basis of artificial resins should be within 8-15 microns, and on the basis of natural oils - 25-50 microns, the layer of fillers - not less than 0.5 and not more than 2 mm, of each layer paint coating - not less than 25 microns.
6.22 The quality of alfray work must meet the following requirements:
the curvature of the lines of the panels and the shading of surfaces painted with different colors are allowed up to 1 mm per 1 m of the panel;
when textured surface finishing, the texture layer must be strong, keep up with the base, not have cracks, weakly seized particles and burrs;
stenciled drawings must have a correct, clear outline, no paint streaks and no gaps in the drawing;
the painting made by the airbrushing method must correspond in style and color to the design drawing; shifts of fragments or the drawings themselves from the design places are not allowed;
varnished surfaces must be glossy, without tack, cracks and visible thickening of the varnish film.
7.1 Finishing work using sheets and panels is carried out in the interior and on the facades of buildings.
A special kind of decoration on the facades is the device of ventilated facades. A hinged ventilated facade is arranged for insulation and finishing of the facade (see Standard technological map for the installation of a ventilated facade with composite panel cladding. TK-23. FSUE TsPP, M., 2006).
7.2 Sheets (panels) with a finished front finish are used factory-made. Sheets and panels after installation are glued or attached with stainless fasteners to the base.
7.3 Between the sheets and the base (concrete, brick), if necessary, a frame is arranged. The frame is made of antiseptic wood, steel galvanized or coated with anti-corrosion compounds or aluminum. The frame is attached to the base with dowels.
7.4 The base (frame) must be flat, its surface must have minimal deviations from the plane (no more than 0.7 mm in any direction), strong (must withstand the load from the attached panels and sheets).
7.5 Fastening plastic sheets to the base must be done with self-tapping screws; gluing them to the base is not allowed.
7.6 Places and seams for joining panels (sheets) are decorated with overlays made of galvanized, stainless or polymer-coated steel; plastic overlays are allowed.
7.7 Panels and sheets made of expanded polystyrene (thermoplastic) when facing facades are laid on a cement (polymer-cement) mortar or adhesive on metal meshes.
7.8 When gluing sheets, check the verticality of the surfaces and set reference marks (beacons). Identified surface defects are eliminated.
7.9 In places where hidden electrical wires and communications are released, in places where engineering equipment is suspended, if the plinths are located in the same plane as the reference marks, the sheets are attached to the base using gaskets cut from sheet scraps. Gaskets are attached to the base with glue, mastic and in another way.
7.10 Lined surfaces must be marked in accordance with the dimensions of the sheets used, while it is necessary to ensure a symmetrical (design) arrangement of sheets and extensions, as well as cutting sheets associated with window, door openings and niches. When cutting sheets, it must be taken into account that when they are installed between the bottom of the plate and the floor, a gap of 2-3 cm should be formed, covered with a plinth.
The marking is made for whole sheets of cladding, while the sheets are placed vertically. The horizontal arrangement of sheets, if this is not provided for by the project, is not recommended for interior decoration.
On the facing sheets, holes are marked and made for the passage of electrical, telephone and radio wiring, holes for installing electrical switches, plug and telephone sockets, ventilation grilles and conditioned air supply, etc.
Places of mating sheets with door (window) frames are closed with a platband.
7.11 Fastening sheets to wooden structures is carried out with self-tapping screws, nails with a wide head. Fastening is carried out along the perimeter after 200 mm and at a distance of no more than 20 mm from the edge of the sheet.
7.12 Before gluing, the sheet is wiped, then a thin uniform layer of glue is applied to the sheet and to the base. After 12-15 minutes, a thin layer of glue is applied to the sheet again, after which the sheet is pressed against the wall over the entire plane.
Sticker sheets should start from the corner of the room.
7.13 For natural air circulation between the wall and facing sheets, in skirting boards, in horizontal frame elements and in the upper layout, ventilation holes should be left (cut, drilled).
7.14 When finishing surfaces with a type-setting profiled PVC rail, a wooden frame is installed below the ceiling and above the floor by 10 cm.
From the cut (20 cm less than the height of the room) rails, shields up to 40 cm wide are assembled, on which the location of sockets, switches, ventilation grilles, etc. is marked, holes are drilled and cut out for passing wiring and installing fittings.
The assembled shields are fixed with self-tapping screws to the frame rails. In the process of installation, the screws are covered with overlapping shields. Mounted and reinforced shields are framed with a fillet (near the ceiling) and a plinth.
8.1 Prior to the installation of suspended ceilings, finishing work must be carried out, except for painting or wallpapering the walls.
8.2 Suspended ceilings are mounted on metal and wooden frames. The metal elements of the frames must be anti-corrosion. Wooden frame elements are treated with antiseptic compounds.
8.3 Ceiling slabs mounted in one room are used in the same color and thickness, with a smooth front surface, without cracks, breaks and stains. The dimensions of the plates are checked against the template. Deviations in the dimensions of the plates should not exceed ±1 mm.
8.4 Prior to the installation of the ceiling, holes must be drilled or cut in the slabs for the installation of lighting fixtures, ventilation grilles, etc.
8.5 Floor and frame elements that are visible through ceiling ventilation grilles and other openings in the false ceiling should be painted in advance.
8.6 Before installation, the design marks of the mounted clean ceiling must be fixed. Then the axes are broken down, fixing the location of the ceiling tiles. The position of the axes can be fixed by tensioning nylon threads or knitting wire.
8.7 When installing a ceiling in a metal frame, the plates are installed in the grooves of the guides and advance them until the row is filled. The plates are connected to each other with dowels. The seams between the plates are cleaned with a ruler knife and should form clear straight lines.
8.8 When installing a ceiling using a wooden frame, holes are drilled in the slabs for their fastening. If necessary, the plates are cut, “seam to seam” is installed and fastened to the frame with screws.
Installation of plates should start from the center of the ceiling. The size of the screws and their number is set depending on the size of the plates used.
If an integer number of plates is not placed in the plane of the ceiling, then "additions" are used, arranged symmetrically.
8.9 The false ceiling must be horizontal in any direction. Deviation (sagging or sinking) of more than 2 mm for the length of a two-meter control rail, as well as displacement of suspended ceiling slabs vertically and in a row of more than 1 mm per slab is not allowed.
9.1 Decorative natural or artificial materials are used for facing works.
External facing works are carried out, as a rule, simultaneously with the laying of walls.
9.2 Freeze laying is allowed for walls lined with face bricks and ceramic stones, as well as for walls with embedded slab facing, performed simultaneously with wall laying.
9.3 Cladding with embedded ceramic slabs with simultaneous laying of walls by freezing should be carried out without filling the horizontal seams of the cladding with mortar. It is allowed to fill the seams of the cladding with mortar only after the completion of all major construction work on the building, when the load on the walls reaches at least 85% of the total design load, and not earlier than 6 months after thawing and hardening of the mortar in the masonry joints.
9.4 Cladding with embedded ceramic slabs of walls erected at the same time by the method of freezing is carried out on the same mortar as the laying of walls, but not lower than grade M50.
9.5 Laying of walls with subsequent facing with ceramic (small-sized) slabs, reinforced with a layer of mortar, must be hollow. Masonry made with a full seam must be pre-notched.
9.6 Wall cladding with mortar-reinforced ceramic slabs is allowed after the load on the walls of the first floor and during the cladding of subsequent floors reaches at least 85% of the full design load.
9.7 When erecting walls with facing masonry made of ceramic stones, it is necessary to fill both vertical and horizontal seams of the cladding with mortar.
9.8 Wall laying with the use of facing ceramic stones with a height of 140 mm or facade slabs of a higher height should be carried out on a mortar grade of at least M25, and when using face bricks with a thickness of 65 mm - at least M10.
9.9 Prior to the commencement of work on the external and internal cladding, all work, the execution of which may lead to damage to the tiled surfaces, must be completed.
By the beginning of internal facing work, the laying of hidden pipelines and electrical wiring should be completed.
Facing of internal walls, as well as stringers of stairs, should be carried out before facing the floor and steps.
Bas-reliefs and high reliefs should be mounted simultaneously with wall cladding.
The penetration of moisture through the seams of the cladding of all types must be excluded.
9.10 Surfaces before facing must be cleaned of mortar deposits, dirt and grease stains. Separate irregularities of more than 15 mm, as well as general deviations of the surface to be lined from the vertical of more than 15 mm, must first be straightened with cement mortar, checked according to the plumb line and the rule.
Brickwork made with completely filled joints, as well as concrete surfaces, must be notched before facing.
Before facing, wooden surfaces are plastered over a metal mesh with a laying of insulating roll material; the thickness of the notch must be at least 15 mm. Correction of irregularities of stone and concrete surfaces and plastering of wooden planes are carried out without smoothing and grouting the applied tartar with cutting grooves on its surface.
9.11 When facing walls, the following are used:
cement-sand mortars with a composition of 1: 2 (based on cement not lower than grade M300) - when facing the basement, laying steps and covering plates, fastening products made of natural stone;
cement-sand mortars with a composition of 1: 3 brand M150 (based on Portland cement brand M400) - for external and internal cladding of brick and concrete surfaces made of natural stone of carbonate rocks (tuffs, shell rock, etc.), as well as external ceramic tiles;
cement-sand mortar composition 1:4 grade 100 (based on Portland cement grade M400) - for interior wall cladding with glazed ceramic and other artificial tiles;
polymer-cement mortars based on dry cement-sand mixture (composition 1:4) and plasticizers - for facing concrete, gypsum concrete and plastered surfaces;
KN-2 glue, synthetic mastics (nitroenamel), rosin, colloid-cement glue - for interior lining with polystyrene tiles.
The mobility of the solution should not exceed 5-6 cm in a standard cone.
9.12 Fasteners of the outer cladding (brackets, pyrons, hooks) must be subjected to anti-corrosion treatment.
For fixing marble slabs, brass, copper (copper-plated) or stainless steel parts are used.
Steel structural elements adjacent to the cladding, as well as steel fasteners used for mounting plates and cladding parts, must be protected from corrosion.
9.13 Facing slabs and parts made of granite with a facing height of more than 3 m should be installed with horizontal joints, expansion joints and supporting steel belts.
9.14 Plates, parts and stones weighing more than 50 kg are installed using lifting machines and removable lifting devices.
9.15 For strong adhesion, the contact surfaces of plates and stones must be thoroughly cleaned and washed. Filling with a solution of the gap (sinus) between the surface to be coated and the slabs in order to avoid displacement of the slabs should be done in layers, in several steps.
9.16 The thickness of the seam of the outer cladding, depending on the material and texture of the slab, must comply with the values of Table 4.
Table 4
9.17 With mirror and polished textures, the slabs of the outer cladding should be matched dry with careful grinding of the edges.
For other textures, joints with a thickness of more than 4 mm must be filled with mortar; to ensure complete filling of horizontal joints, the plates are installed on a layer of mortar, while the thickness of the joint is regulated using wedges or gaskets.
9.18 Sealing of external seams is carried out: with a mirror or polished texture and dry mating - by filling the seam with mastic on natural drying oil; with other textures - filling the seams with a solution with their jointing.
9.19 To prevent corrosion of the lining and the appearance of efflorescence, the following conditions must be observed:
the upper faces of the protruding granite parts (cornices, belts, sandriks) should have an outward slope for water drainage and drips;
the broadening of the upper plane of the granite cornices between the pilasters and the granite plinth in the window openings must be covered with a slab;
the upper planes of cornices, belts and sandriks made of limestone and sandstone must have metal coatings.
9.20 Damages on polished granite cladding are corrected with shellac or carbinol mastic, and on colored marble cladding - with colored carbinol or rosin mastic.
9.21 Deviations in the installation of slabs in the facade cladding, depending on the texture, must correspond to the values \u200b\u200bgiven in Table 5.
Table 5
9.22 After finishing the facade, the surface must be cleaned. The surface with a mirror texture is washed with water using brushes, followed by wiping.
9.23 Internal lining with natural stone is carried out taking into account the following features:
slabs (for safety reasons) are installed with a distance from the wall, adjacent slabs of patterned stone are selected according to color and pattern;
the thickness of the seam between the plates is maintained at 1 mm with an accuracy of ± 0.5 mm; the seams are sealed, as a rule, with gypsum, painted in the color of the stone.
The plate installation accuracy must meet the following requirements:
the deviation of the cladding surface from the vertical should not exceed 2 mm per 1 m, but not more than 5 mm for the entire height of the cladding;
the deviation of the seams from the vertical and horizontal should not exceed 1.5 mm per 1 m, but not more than 3 mm for the entire length of the row;
plates must be matched with an accuracy of 1 mm.
If the plates do not match by 1-3 mm, the protruding edges are ground and polished along a length of 30-40 mm; if the plates do not match by more than 3 mm, as a rule, the plates must be replaced.
9.24 After the completion of internal facing works, the natural stone surface is washed with warm water and rubbed with brushes or first treated with a 20% hydrochloric acid solution, and then washed with water.
9.25 The thickness of the mortar layer between the ceramic plates and the wall should be no more than 15 and no less than 7 mm; thickness of the layer of mastics - no more than 1.5 mm (for interior lining). There should be no voids between the slabs and the wall (checked by tapping the slabs).
9.26. The thickness of the joints between ceramic tiles should not exceed 3 mm. Filling the joints with mortar is carried out both during the cladding process and after the installation of the slabs on the entire surface to be veneered.
9.27 Internal lining with ceramic tiles must meet the following requirements:
gaps between the control rail 2 m long and the cladding surface of more than 2 mm are not allowed;
dents and notches in the edges of the plates, as well as chips in the corners should not exceed 0.5 mm;
the gaps between the cladding and window and door platbands, as well as between the claddings and belts of the architectural divisions of the building, are allowed no more than 10 mm.
10.1 Wall-paper is pasted on concrete, plaster, wooden and plasterboard surfaces of walls (bases) for decorative finishing, and also in the hygienic purposes. When choosing wallpaper, it should be borne in mind that their color and texture affect the illumination of the room.
In the production of wallpaper work, the moisture content of the base (except for concrete) should not exceed 8%, the humidity of the concrete base is allowed no more than 4%.
10.2 Prior to wallpapering, all finishing work must be completed, except for painting floors, installing and painting trim and skirting boards.
Wallpaper work in general consists of the following operations: cleaning the tops of the walls from whitewash, cleaning the walls, upholstering with cardboard, pasting the joints, puttying and lubricating irregularities with pastes, grinding putty and greased places, pasting with paper, pasting with wallpaper.
10.3 Wallpapers (patterned or plain) are used in paper (normal finishes: smooth, embossed, lacquered, metallized or special finishes: corrugated, moire, satin, velvet) and synthetic (on a paper or fabric base, or baseless film). Wallpaper is produced in rolls up to 75 cm wide with a tolerance of ± 3 mm and up to 12 m long, the length of the border and frieze roll is 6 m.
The wallpaper is selected according to the pattern, cut into panels of the required length and the edges are cut using a trimming machine, numbered and laid out in the order of gluing.
Synthetic roll wallpaper should be pre-rolled.
10.4 Even and smooth walls that do not have bumps, depressions, shells, cracks and traces of a trowel tool are primed with glue and pasted over with paper wallpaper without prior pasting with paper.
10.5 Walls to be pasted with synthetic wallpaper must meet the requirements for the quality of preparation of bases for oil painting (see section).
10.6 The following adhesives are used:
CMC (based on the sodium salt of carboxymethyl cellulose) - for pasting paper and paper wallpaper;
VD AK (water-dispersion acrylic) - for synthetic wallpaper, including fabric-based;
"Bustilat" - universal glue for paper and synthetic wallpaper;
polyvinyl acetate adhesive - for gluing polyvinyl chloride films on any basis, including foam, on fiberglass, etc.
10.7 Glue on the wallpaper base is applied by machine or roller (wide brush) in a continuous uniform layer, without gaps and drips, and aged until thickening begins.
Glue on the reverse side of the wallpaper is applied using a special installation or a wide brush (with a small amount of work).
10.8 Paper is glued to the base in separate strips or sheets without overlapping, the distance between them can be up to 10-12 mm.
10.9 Gluing paper wallpaper panels is carried out after their swelling and impregnation with glue; gluing panels of synthetic wallpaper is carried out after applying the glue and holding for 11-15 minutes.
10.10 Pasting is carried out, starting from the corners of the outer walls, strictly vertically. The wallpaper panel is glued to both walls, forming an angle; in this case, the main part of the panel is glued to one of the walls, and the remaining part of the panel covers the corner with an overlap of 30-40 mm.
The corner of the wall when pasting with synthetic wallpaper must be pasted over with a whole panel; spots of glue from the panel must be removed immediately.
10.11 Before pasting corners with synthetic wallpaper, additionally apply glue in corners with a width of 60-80 mm, as well as in places where the edges of the panels are glued to the walls.
10.12 Paper smooth (plain) and synthetic wallpapers are pasted with an overlap, embossed and special finish wallpapers - with butt-joint edges.
When overlapping panels are applied, pasting is carried out in the direction from the light openings (windows). The side with the cut edge of the panel is superimposed on the uncut edge of the glued panel.
10.13 When pasting surfaces with foam-based films, fiberglass, etc. the applied glue is kept for 10-15 minutes.
The films are glued with an overlap of 30-35 mm or end-to-end with cutting joints immediately after gluing the panels.
When gluing surfaces with fabric-based films (Viniliskin-T type), glue should be applied to the panels, leaving the edges 50-60 mm wide unglued; the smeared cloth is kept for 15-20 minutes and applied with an overlap of 20 mm; cutting the joint should be done after 1 day.
10.14 When pasting surfaces with decorative self-adhesive films, you must first remove the protective paper from the adhesive layer; panels are glued on a primed base with an overlap of 5-10 mm.
10.15 When sticking pile wallpaper, measures to preserve the pile must be observed. The wallpaper during the sticker process should be leveled and smoothed in one direction with a clean hair brush.
10.16 The top of the wallpaper pasted on the walls can be decorated with a border or a frieze glued on the dried wallpaper. The surface of the wallpaper covered by the border is not treated with glue. The cut strips of the border or frieze are smeared with glue and, after they have dampened and swelled, are put in place.
10.17 When gluing with linkrust, in order to avoid the appearance of cracks on its front layer, one should first:
soak unrolled linkrust rolls for 5-10 minutes in hot water (+ 50 ° C);
cut sheets of linkrust, folded face down, soak in water for 8-10 hours (until swelling).
10.18 Wallpapered surfaces must be protected from direct exposure to sunlight and drafts until they are completely dry. An increase in the air temperature in the room during this period by more than plus 23 ° C is not allowed. At the time of drying, the pasted rooms are closed, the wallpaper dries out at the same time not earlier than in a day.
10.19 The following requirements are imposed on the quality of wallpaper work:
on pasted surfaces there should be no spots, bubbles, gaps, distortions and delaminations;
panels should be, as a rule, the same color and shade;
the fit of the pattern at the joints must be accurate;
the joints of the wallpaper butt should not be visible at a distance of more than 2 m.
11.1 Glazing work is carried out, as a rule, at a positive air temperature. Window and door sashes to be glazed must be puttied and painted at a time, the folds of the sashes must be cleaned, oiled and dried.
11.2 Glass putty must be plastic, tightly fill the gaps between the glass and the folds of the bindings, be applied effortlessly, smooth well without breaks and roughness, not stick to the tool, not reach for it and not slide off it; after drying and curing, have no cracks.
11.3 Glass arrives at the construction site cut according to customer specifications, complete with gaskets, sealants, as well as installation and fasteners.
11.4 Glass should overlap the folds of bindings by 3/4 of their width. A gap of at least 2 mm should be left between the glass edge and the rebate side. The putty layer between the glass and the seam should be 2-3 mm thick.
11.5 Sheet, matt patterned, colored and reinforced glass is strengthened:
in wooden bindings - with hairpins or glazing beads; studs are placed at a distance of no more than 300 mm from one another; glazing beads are installed on rubber gaskets or on putty and are reinforced with screws or nails at an angle of 45 ° to the glass surface;
in metal bindings gate valves, clasps made of galvanized steel, metal glazing beads with screws, box-shaped glazing beads, rubber profiles;
in reinforced concrete bindings - with wedge clamps or clamps, metal glazing beads on rubber or plastic gaskets;
in plastic bindings - on double putty or on elastic gaskets, followed by fastening with glazing beads on screws or studs.
11.6 Jointing of glasses, installation of glasses with defects (cracks, gouges of more than 10 mm, indelible grease stains, foreign inclusions) are not allowed.
Jointing of glasses when glazing industrial buildings is allowed. In this case, glass can be made up of no more than two parts, joined with an overlap up to 20 mm wide and fastened with at least two brackets with double-sided lubrication of the joint.
11.7 Glass profiles in external and internal light openings and fences are installed vertically on elastic gaskets and fixed with angle steel on screws or metal glazing beads on screws or studs inserted into pre-drilled holes. The gaps between the elements of glass profiles are filled with frost-resistant rubber, followed by sealing with sham mastics.
Before installation, glass profile elements are collected in a horizontal position on the stand in packs of 5 or 6 pieces and are compressed with clamps.
11.8 Double-glazed windows are reinforced in wooden, metal or reinforced concrete bindings with the help of rubber or plastic profiled spacers and fixed with glazing beads or elastic putties.
11.9 For glass in openings with temperature deformations, elastic putties are used to protect against cracking, and for glass with dimensions exceeding 150x80 cm, rubber gaskets are used.
11.10 Tempered glass in the railings of elevator shafts, stairs, balconies must be strengthened with tension screws. In places of clamping between the metal structure of the fence and the glass, elastic elastic rubber or plastic gaskets should be used.
11.11 Carrying and installation of glasses larger than 1x1.5 m is carried out using manual or mechanical vacuum grippers, the putty is applied with mechanical syringes, the studs are driven in with a special gun.
11.12 Glazing work in winter is carried out taking into account the following features:
glass brought into the room from frost is cut after it is warmed up and the condensate dries;
the glazing of the bindings, dried and warmed to a temperature of at least plus 10 ° C, is carried out;
glazed bindings are taken out of the room after the putty, mastics or sealants have hardened;
vacuum grippers are used at an air temperature not lower than minus 5 °С;
sealants and rubber profiles are not used when installing glass in winter.
11.13 The following requirements are imposed on the quality of glazing work:
the putty should not have cracks and lag behind the glass and the rebate surface. The line of contact of the putty with the glass should be even and parallel to the edge of the fold; the studs of the clamps should not protrude from the putty;
the outer chamfers of the glazing beads should be adjacent to the outer edge of the folds, not protrude beyond their limits towards the light opening and not form depressions;
glazing beads must be firmly connected to each other and to the fold of the binding; rubber gaskets of glazing beads should fit snugly against the surface of the seam and glazing beads, not protrude above the edge of the glazing beads facing the light opening;
rubber profiles should be tightly pressed against the display glass, and wedge rubber locks should be tightly stocked in the grooves;
rubber gaskets between the glass profile elements should not protrude beyond their limits, and there should be no gaps in the sealant;
on the surface of the inserted glasses there should be no chips, cracks, holes, traces of putty, grease stains and other defects.
In accordance with the Rules for the development, approval, publication, amendment and cancellation of sets of rules approved by the Government Russian Federation dated July 1, 2016 N 624, subparagraph 5.2.9 of paragraph 5 of the Regulation on the Ministry of Construction and Housing and Communal Services of the Russian Federation, approved by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of November 18, 2013 N 1038, paragraph 53 of the Plan for the Development and Approval of Codes of Rules and updating previously approved building codes and regulations, codes of practice for 2016 and the planning period until 2017, approved by order of the Ministry of Construction and Housing and Communal Services of the Russian Federation dated March 3, 2016 N 128 / pr, I order:
1. Approve and put into effect 6 months from the date of issue of this order the attached SP 71.13330.2017 "SNiP 3.04.01-87 Insulating and finishing coatings".
2. Since the entry into force of SP 71.13330.2017 "SNiP 3.04.01-87 Insulating and finishing coatings" to recognize as not applicable SNiP 3.04.01-87 "Insulating and finishing coatings", approved by the decree of the State Construction Committee of the USSR of December 4, 1987 Mr. N 280 and registered federal agency on technical regulation and metrology on July 18, 2011 as SP 71.13330.2011.
3. The Department of Urban Development and Architecture, within 15 days from the date of issue of the order, send the approved SP 71.13330.2017 "SNiP 3.04.01-87 Insulating and finishing coatings" for registration to the national body of the Russian Federation for standardization.
4. The Department of Urban Development and Architecture shall ensure the publication on the official website of the Ministry of Construction of Russia in the information and telecommunications network "Internet" of the text approved by SP 71.13330.2017 "SNiP 3.04.01-87 Insulating and finishing coatings" in electronic digital form within 10 days from the day of registration of the set of rules by the national body of the Russian Federation for standardization.
5. To impose control over the execution of this order on the Deputy Minister of Construction and Housing and Communal Services of the Russian Federation Kh.D. Mavliyarova.
BUILDING REGULATIONS
INSULATING AND FINISHING COATINGS
SNiP 3.04.01-87
USSR STATE CONSTRUCTION COMMITTEE
Moscow 1988
DEVELOPED BY TsNIIOMTP Gosstroy of the USSR (Ph.D. N. N. Zavrazhin - leader of the topic, V. A. Anzigitov) with the participation of the Central Research Institute of Industrial Buildings of the Gosstroy of the USSR (Ph. K. Baulin), NIIMosstroy of the Moscow City Executive Committee (Doctor of Technical Sciences Prof. E. D. Belousov, Candidate of Technical Sciences G. S. Agadzhanov), Design Bureau of Glavtonnelmetrostroy of the Ministry of Transport and Construction of the USSR (Ph.D. of Technical Sciences V. V. Krylova, V .G. Golubova), Department of Soyuzmetrospetsstroy of the USSR Ministry of Transport (A.P. Levin, P.F. Litvina), NIIZhB Gosstroy of the USSR (Doctor of Engineering Sciences, Prof. F.M. Ivanova).
INTRODUCED TSNIIOMTP Gosstroy USSR.
PREPARED FOR APPROVAL by the Office of Standardization and Technical Standards in Construction of the USSR State Construction Committee (D. I. Prokofiev).
With the entry into force of SNiP 3.04.01-87 "Insulating and finishing coatings", SNiP III-20-74*, SNiP III-21-73*, SNiP III-B.14-72 become invalid; GOST 22753-77, GOST 22844-77, GOST 23305-78.
When using a regulatory document, one should take into account the approved changes in building codes and regulations and state standards published in the Bulletin of Construction Equipment magazine, the Collection of Changes to Building Codes and Rules of the Gosstroy of the USSR and the information index "State Standards of the USSR" of the State Standard of the USSR.
1.1. These building codes and rules apply to the production and acceptance of work on the installation of insulating, finishing, protective coatings and floors of buildings and structures, with the exception of work due to special conditions operation of buildings and structures.
1.2. Insulating, finishing, protective coatings and floor structures must be carried out in accordance with the project (finishing coatings in the absence of project requirements - according to the standard). Replacement of materials, products and compositions provided for by the project is allowed only upon agreement with the design organization and the customer.
1.3. Work on the production of thermal insulation works can begin only after the execution of an act (permit) signed by the customer, representatives of the installation organization and the organization performing thermal insulation work.
1.4. The device of each element of insulation (roof), floor, protective and finishing coatings should be carried out after checking the correctness of the implementation of the corresponding underlying element with the preparation of an inspection certificate for hidden work.
1.5. With appropriate justification, in agreement with the customer and the design organization, it is allowed to assign methods of work performance and organizational and technological solutions, as well as establish methods, volumes and types of registration of quality control of work that differ from those provided for by these rules.
Mandatory when finishing and repairing an apartment, disputes arise between the customer and the contractor regarding the quality of the finishing work performed. The client claims that the quality is not very good, and the contractor claims the opposite. Such disputes could be eternal if there were no building codes and regulations.
So, building codes and regulations that have passed the test of time and approved by the state help to resolve the controversial issue of the quality of finishing work. In technical language, these are standards - SNiP and GOST.
Here I have collected the most common standards for the quality of work performed when finishing apartments. All permissible deviations, slopes and irregularities can be seen below and finally sort out the situation - who is right and who is not! In my work, when renovating an apartment, I fully adhere to all building codes and tolerances. Strictly apply SNiPs and GOSTs for repairs and finishing works
| "Floors" SNiP 3.04.01-87 p. 4.24 p. 4.43 | |
| SNiP 3.04.01-87 p. 4.43 | |
| Deviation of thickness from design — no more | 10 % |
| SNiP 3.04.01-87 p. 4.24; SP 29.13330.2011 "Floors" p. 8. 13 | |
| Screed for parquet, laminate, linoleum (as well as according to SP 29.13330.2011 "Floors" - coatings on an adhesive layer based on cement): clearance when checking with a 2-meter rail | 2 mm |
| Screed for waterproofing: clearance when checking with a 2-meter rail - no more | 4 mm |
| Screed for other surfaces: clearance when checking with a 2-meter rail - no more | 6 mm |
| Screed: deviations from a given horizontal line no more than the size of the room (in total no more than 50 mm) | 0.20 % |
| The screed should not have potholes, swelling and cracks. Hairline cracks allowed. | |
| If there is no adhesion of the screed or ceramic tile to the underlying substrate (determined by tapping), such areas must be repositioned. | |
| SNiP 3.04.01-87 p. 4.38 | |
| Piece parquet: plank gluing area - not less than | 80 % |
| SNiP 3.04.01-87 p. 4.43 | |
| Block parquet: deviation from the specified slope is not more than the size of the room (in general, not more than 50 mm) | 0.20 % |
| Piece parquet: deviation from the plane by 2 m - no more | 2 mm |
| Piece parquet: gaps between adjacent piece planks - no more than | 0.3mm |
| Strip parquet: when laying strip parquet, the ledges between adjacent planks do not burst. | |
| 05/20/2011 - The updated set of rules SP 29.13330.2011 "Floors" was put into effect. This set of rules, clause 1.4, contains an indication that the construction installation work for the manufacture of floors must be carried out in accordance with SNiP 3.04.01. | |
| "Plastering" - SNiP 3.04.01-87 p. 3.12 | |
| SNiP 3.04.01-87 p. 3.12 | tolerance |
| These current standards imply three types of plaster - simple, improved and high quality. | |
| Plaster simple | |
| Permissible deviation from the vertical per 1 m of length (no more than 15 mm per floor height) | 3 mm |
| Permissible deviation from the horizontal per 1 m of length (no more than 15 mm per floor height) | 3 mm |
| Improved plaster- see: plaster walls on lighthouses |
|
| Permissible deviation from the vertical per 1 m of length (no more than 10 mm per floor height) | 2 mm |
| Permissible deviation from the horizontal per 1 m of length (no more than 10 mm per floor height | 2 mm |
| The number of irregularities of a smooth outline per 4 m2 with a depth of up to 3 mm - no more | 2 |
| Humidity of the underlying base (stone, brick) - no more | 8% |
| Slopes (door, window) - the difference in width from the design indicators with improved plaster - no more | 3 mm |
| high quality plaster | |
| Permissible deviation from the vertical per 1 m of length (no more than 5 mm per floor height) | 1 mm |
| Permissible deviation from the horizontal per 1 m of length (no more than 5 mm per floor height) | 1 mm |
| "Painting" - SNiP 3.04.01-87 p. 3.22 - 3.28 | |
| SNiP 3.04.01-87 p. 3.12 | |
| Painting work: humidity of the plastered or puttied base - no more | 8% |
| Surfaces must be smooth without roughness. | |
| When pasting the surfaces with wallpaper, the painting of the ceilings and other painting work must be completed. | |
| SNiP 3.04.01-87 p. 3.28 | |
| Painting work: coating thickness - not less than | 25 µm |
| The surface of each layer of paint coating with improved and high-quality internal painting with anhydrous compositions should be even, without paint smudges, and not have a jagged structure. | |
| Based on the results of the work, ensure the uniformity and uniformity of the painted surfaces: without spots, splashes, smudges, wrinkles. | |
| Do not allow translucence of the underlying layers of paint. | |
| "Wallpaper" SNiP 3.04.01-87 p. 3.35 - p. 3.67 | |
| SNiP 3.04.01-87 p. 3.12 - p. 3.67 | |
| Permissible residual humidity of the base - no more | 8% |
| 0.5 mm | |
| SNiP 3.04.01-87 p. 3.35 | |
| The adhesive composition when priming the surface under the wallpaper should be applied in a continuous uniform layer, without gaps and smudges, and kept until thickening begins. An additional layer of adhesive layer should be applied along the perimeter of window and door openings, along the contour and in the corners of the surface to be finished with a strip 75-80 mm wide at the moment the base layer begins to thicken. | |
| SNiP 3.04.01-87 p. 3.36 | |
| When gluing the bases with paper in separate strips or sheets, the distance between them should be 10 - 12 mm. | |
| SNiP 3.04.01-87 p. 3.37 | |
| The gluing of paper wallpaper panels should be carried out after they have swelled and been impregnated with an adhesive composition. | |
| SNiP 3.04.01-87 p. 3.38 | |
| Wallpaper with a surface density of up to 100 g/m2 must be glued overlapping, 100 - 120 g/m2 or more back to back. | |
| SNiP 3.04.01-87 p. 3.39 | |
| When joining overlapping panels, pasting surfaces with wallpaper must be carried out in the direction from the light openings without arranging joints of vertical rows of panels at the intersections of the planes. | |
| SNiP 3.04.01-87 p. 3.40 | |
| When pasting surfaces with synthetic wallpaper on a paper or fabric basis, the corners of the walls must be pasted over with a whole panel. Spots of glue on their surface must be removed immediately. | |
| The vertical edges of adjacent panels of textile vinyl and fabric-based films should overlap the width of the previous panel with an overlap of 3-4 mm when pasted. Trimming of overlapping edges should be done after the adhesive layer has completely dried, and after removing the edge, additionally apply glue in the places where the edges of adjacent panels are glued. | |
| SNiP 3.04.01-87 p. 3.41 | |
| When sticking pile wallpapers, the panels should be smoothed in one direction when gluing. | |
| SNiP 3.04.01-87 p. 3.42 | |
| When pasting surfaces with wallpaper, the formation of air bubbles, stains and other contaminants, as well as re-gluing and delamination is not allowed. | |
| SNiP 3.04.01-87 p. 3.43 | |
| In the production of wallpaper work, the premises must be protected from drafts and direct exposure to sunlight until the wallpaper is completely dry, with the establishment of a constant humidity regime. The air temperature during drying of pasted wallpaper should not exceed 23 degrees C. | |
| SNiP 3.04.01-87 p. 3.67 | |
| Permissible deviation of the edges of the wallpaper (not noticeable from a distance of 3 m) | 0.5 mm |
| The distance between wallpaper joints should not exceed | 0.5 mm |
| It is not allowed to have air bubbles, stains, gaps, gluing and delamination, as well as pasting skirting boards, switches and sockets with wallpaper. | |
| Ensure an accurate fit. | |
| Horizontal and vertical seams must be of the same type, single row and uniform in width. | |
| "Doors and other" SNiP 3.03.01-87 | |
| Based on TR 105-00 (technical recommendations for the installation of window and door units) clause 3.10 | |
| SNiP 3.03.01-87 p. 3.10 | |
| Permissible vertical and horizontal deviation per 1 m of length, but not more than 3 mm per door height | 1.5mm |
| Interroom door distance from the floor | 5 mm |
| The door to the bathroom (bathroom) distance from the floor | 12 mm |
| SNiP 3.03.01-87 p. 3.12 | |
| When installing blocks between the box and the wall, it is necessary to arrange gaps. The width of the gaps should be set taking into account the possibility of compensating for temperature deformations and filling the joints with heat-insulating and sealing materials. | |
| Installation of the window sill: the slope of the upper surface is not less than | 1 % |
| "Facing with ceramic tiles" SNiP 3.04.01-87, 88 |
|
| SNiP 3.04.01-87 p. 3.62 | |
| Permissible deviations from the vertical per 1 m of length (maximum per floor 4 mm) | 1.5mm |
| Permissible unevenness of the plane at 2 m | 2 mm |
| Permissible deviations of the seams from the vertical and horizontal per 1 m of length | 1.5mm |
| Permissible deviation of the width of the seam from that provided for by the project | +/- 0.5mm |
| SNiP 3.04.01-87 p. 3.67 | |
| Horizontal and vertical seams must be of the same type, single row and uniform in width | |
| Permissible chips in the seams - no more | 0.5 mm |
| SNiP 3.04.01-87 p. 4.24 | |
| Permissible deviation in the thickness of the coating from the design, no more | 10 % |
| SNiP 3.04.01-87 p. 4.43 | |
| When checking with a 2-meter rail, the clearance is not more than | 4 mm |
| Ledges between rows of laid tiles, not more than | 1 mm |
| Deviations from the horizontal not more than the specified value from the size of the room (but not more than 50 mm) | 20 % |
| Width of seams - no more | 6 mm |
In compiling this table of norms and tolerances, we used regulations for the production of apartment decoration, household repairs and interior decoration of premises in an apartment: SNiP 3.04.01-87 "Insulating and finishing coatings"; Code of Practice SP 29.13330.2011 “Floors. SNiP 2.03.13-88.
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1. Electronic applications in the field of competence of the Ministry of Construction of Russia filled in in accordance with the attached form are accepted for consideration.
2. An electronic appeal may contain a statement, complaint, proposal or request.
3. Electronic appeals sent through the official Internet portal of the Ministry of Construction of Russia are submitted for consideration to the department for working with citizens' appeals. The Ministry provides an objective, comprehensive and timely consideration of applications. Consideration of electronic appeals is free of charge.
4. According to federal law dated 05/02/2006 N 59-FZ "On the procedure for considering applications from citizens of the Russian Federation" electronic applications are registered within three days and sent depending on the content in structural units Ministries. The appeal is considered within 30 days from the date of registration. An electronic appeal containing issues, the solution of which is not within the competence of the Ministry of Construction of Russia, is sent within seven days from the date of registration to the appropriate body or the appropriate official, whose competence includes resolving the issues raised in the appeal, with notification of this to the citizen who sent the appeal.
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