ASEAN - the Association of Southeast Asian Nations was founded on August 8, 1967 in Bangkok. It included Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, Thailand, the Philippines, then Brunei Darussalam (in 1984), Vietnam (in 1995), Laos and Myanmar (in 1997), Cambodia (in 1999). Papua New Guinea has special observer status. Objectives of creation: to promote the development of socio-economic and cultural cooperation of the member countries of the organization; promoting peace and stability in Southeast Asia (SEA). The transformation of ASEAN into one of the world's political and economic centers the multipolar world stimulated this regional grouping of countries to actively solve a number of extremely important tasks: the formation of a free trade zone and an investment zone; introduction single currency and the creation of a developed economic infrastructure, the formation of a special management structure. ASEAN - the Association of Southeast Asian Nations was founded on August 8, 1967 in Bangkok. It included Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, Thailand, the Philippines, then Brunei Darussalam (in 1984), Vietnam (in 1995), Laos and Myanmar (in 1997), Cambodia (in 1999). Papua New Guinea has special observer status. Objectives of creation: to promote the development of socio-economic and cultural cooperation of the member countries of the organization; promoting peace and stability in Southeast Asia (SEA). The transformation of ASEAN into one of the world's political and economic centers of the multipolar world stimulated this regional grouping of countries to actively solve a number of extremely important tasks: the formation of a free trade zone and an investment zone; the introduction of a single currency and the creation of a developed economic infrastructure, the formation of a special management structure.
OREC is an organization of oil exporting countries, an international intergovernmental organization created by oil-producing countries in order to stabilize oil prices. OPEC consists of 12 countries: Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, Venezuela, Qatar, Libya, United United Arab Emirates, Algeria, Nigeria, Ecuador and Angola. The headquarters is located in Vienna. OREC is an organization of oil exporting countries, an international intergovernmental organization created by oil-producing countries in order to stabilize oil prices. OPEC consists of 12 countries: Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, Venezuela, Qatar, Libya, United Arab Emirates, Algeria, Nigeria, Ecuador and Angola. The headquarters is located in Vienna.
Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) The main tasks of the organization are the strengthening of stability and security in a wide area that unites the participating states, the fight against terrorism, separatism, extremism, drug trafficking, the development of economic cooperation, energy partnership, scientific and cultural interaction. Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) The main tasks of the organization are the strengthening of stability and security in a wide area that unites the participating states, the fight against terrorism, separatism, extremism, drug trafficking, the development of economic cooperation, energy partnership, scientific and cultural interaction.
Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) Australia Australia Brunei Vietnam Hong Kong Indonesia Canada China Republic of Korea Malaysia Mexico New Zealand Papua New Guinea Peru Russia Singapore United States of America Thailand Taiwan Philippines Chile Japan Brunei Vietnam Hong Kong Indonesia Canada China Republic of Korea Malaysia Mexico New Zealand Papua New Guinea Peru Russia Singapore United States of America Thailand Taiwan-Philippines Chile Japan Economy (APEC) 21 Asia-Pacific Economies Forum for Cooperation in Regional Trade and Investment Facilitation and Liberalization. The goal of APEC is to increase economic growth and prosperity in the region and the strengthening of the Asia-Pacific community. Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation APEC members include: Australia Brunei Vietnam Hong Kong Indonesia Canada China Republic of Korea Malaysia Mexico New Zealand Papua New Guinea Peru Russia Singapore United States of America Thailand Taiwan Australia Brunei Vietnam Hong Kong Indonesia Canada China Republic of Korea Malaysia Mexico New Zealand Papua New Guinea Peru Russia Singapore United States of America APEC) 21 Asia-Pacific Economics Forum for Cooperation in Regional Trade and Investment Facilitation and Liberalization. The goal of APEC is to increase economic growth and prosperity in the region and to strengthen the Asia-Pacific community. Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation APEC members include: Australia Brunei Vietnam Hong Kong Indonesia Canada China Republic of Korea Malaysia Mexico New Zealand Papua New Guinea Peru Russia Singapore United States of America Thailand Taiwan Australia Brunei Vietnam Hong Kong Indonesia Canada China Republic of Korea Malaysia Mexico New Zealand Papua New Guinea Peru Russia Singapore United States of America Thailand Taiwan Philippines Chile Japan Philippines
1. Find and show on the map:
a) highly developed states that form the framework of the world economy;
b) weak the developed countries.
a) USA, China, Germany, Japan
b) Zimbabwe, Chad, Bhutan, Cambodia
2. Give examples of the socio-economic heterogeneity of the world.
The world in its socio-economic nature is extremely heterogeneous. Currently, three groups of countries can be distinguished: industrialized countries with market economy, forming, as it were, the framework of the world economy; developing countries in Asia, Africa, Latin America and Oceania (or third world countries); countries with transition economy represented mainly by states of Eastern Europe, the CIS, which are on the way of developing new forms of management.
3. What is national wealth? How is it calculated?
National wealth is a set of material goods accumulated in the process of labor that belong to the state. It can be calculated in different ways. in accordance with the approach adopted in the USSR (and still used by the State Statistics Committee of the Russian Federation) the main thing in calculating national wealth is the sum of material goods (production and non-production capital).
Some scholars believe that the main wealth of a country is its people. However, the population of a country does not automatically lead to its prosperity. The main thing is the educational and professional level of the population, the spiritual potential of the nation, its entrepreneurial spirit, and so on.
4. Economic and political centers of the early XXI century. - this is:
1) USA, Western Europe, Canada, Japan;
2) USA, Western Europe, Japan, China;
3) USA, Europe, Japan, China.
2 - USA, Western Europe, Japan, China
5. What indicators can be used to judge the level of social economic development countries? Explain why.
The level of socio-economic development of the country can be judged by such indicators as the volume of GDP, the level of GDP per capita, the degree of participation in world trade, the share of exports (primarily science and technology-intensive), the quality and standard of living of the population, since it is they most adequately reflect the economic potential and competitiveness of a single state. The level of socio-economic development of the country also depends on sound government, democracy, the maximum use of the creative potential of the people, the atmosphere of competition, etc.
6. Do you agree that the standard of living of people is usually compared with the standard of living in the United States? Justify your point of view.
I agree, since today the United States is the leading economy in the world and occupies one of the leading positions in terms of the standard of living of the population.
7. How do you understand the words of the famous economist P. Baur: “The polarization of society contributes to the bitterness of the poor and the indifference of the rich”?
The polarization of society contributes to the fact that the two extreme layers of the population (conditionally, the poor and the rich) diverge even further, that is, the rich become richer, and the poor, respectively, poorer. Wealthy people live in abundance, have the opportunity to satisfy their needs, growing indefinitely. The rich begin the pursuit of ever new material goods and prestige. The rest of the needs are satisfied and they believe that life goes on as it should, i.e. they become indifferent. Poor people, as they become poorer, are often unable to satisfy even basic needs (food, shelter, clothing, security). They begin to watch how others live, as they feel left out and seek justice. When they see the enormous wealth of others, the thirst for justice and retribution "take away from the rich - give to the poor" intensifies. This encourages bitterness.
Foreign Asia. Economic space of the region
Overseas Asia is the largest part of the world, and it is located on the largest continent of the planet - Eurasia. The shores of this part of the world are washed by the waters of the $2$ oceans - the Pacific and Indian, as well as the marginal seas of the Atlantic Ocean. The coastline, especially in the east, is heavily indented and numerous islands stretch along the coast - Japanese, Ryukyu, Philippine. The islands separate the ocean itself from its marginal seas - the Japanese, Yellow, East China. To the southeast of Foreign Asia is the world's largest cluster of archipelagos - the Greater Sunda Islands, the Lesser Sunda Islands, the Moluccas, etc.
In the south of Asia, the largest peninsulas protrude towards the ocean - Indochina, Hindustan, Arabian. They are separated by the Bay of Bengal and the Arabian Sea. The islands located in the Indian Ocean - Andaman, Nicobar, Maldives, Lakandive, Sri Lanka - also belong to Asia. In the west is the peninsula of Asia Minor, which is washed by the Mediterranean, Black, Aegean and Marmara seas. From north to south, Asia Abroad stretches for $7,000 km, and from west to east, for $10,000 km, and in terms of territory - $27 million sq km - it is second only to Africa.
Asian countries have different geographic location:
The vast majority of Asian countries have a coastal position, which means access to the seas of the Pacific, Indian, Atlantic oceans.
They also differ in the area they occupy.
The borders between countries pass along well-defined natural boundaries.
Remark 1
Thus, the peculiarities of the economic and geographical position of Asian countries include neighboring, coastal, inland position.
About 5 billion people live in the largest part of the world, and $46 of states are represented on its political map. Most of the countries belong to the group of developing countries. The formation of the political map of Asia took place under the influence of aggressive wars and colonial seizures of territories by Europeans. Even after the Second World War, colonial possessions of Great Britain, France, and the Netherlands remained in Asia. And such formally independent countries as Iran, Afghanistan, China in the $19th century were divided into spheres of influence between the major powers of that time. Looks completely different political map region today. More than $20$ of countries gained political independence and, at the beginning of the $21st century, there were $38$ of sovereign states. All sovereign countries are members of the UN. Asian countries have different forms government, so $26$ of states are republics, mostly presidential, $13$ of states have a monarchical form of government.
Constitutional monarchy countries:
I must say that until recently there were more monarchies in this region. For example, Iraq, Afghanistan, Iran also had a monarchical form of government. The monarchy was also in Nepal, which existed in the country for $240$ years, and in $2008$ it was abolished. As for Brunei and Saudi Arabia, they belong to the theocratic monarchy. This means that the king and the head of the ecclesiastical authority are one and the same person. Actually, the Islamic Republic of Iran can be attributed to the number of such monarchies. According to the constitution, the head of the country is a religious figure - the ayatollah. He determines the general line of development of the country and exercises control over its implementation.
Remark 2
In other words, the basic principles of the existence of Iran are determined by Shiite Islam, elevated to the rank public policy, and seeks to prevent the spread of liberal views.
The administrative-territorial structure of states has a more homogeneous character. So, $33 countries have a unitary structure, and $6 countries are federations - India, Pakistan, Malaysia, Myanmar, Malaysia, UAE.
The territory of Overseas Asia is divided into the following sub-regions:
Strictly speaking, these subregions are cultural and historical, where a complex of historical, ethnolinguistic, religious factors and natural differences is reflected. Analysis of the map allows us to conclude that the primacy belongs to the subregion East Asia both in terms of population and area. Of course, thanks to the People's Republic of China. In second place, thanks to India, is the sub-region South Asia. Southwest Asia will prevail in the number of countries, small in area and in population.
Within the bounds of Foreign Asia there are $5$ centers of the world economy. Among this five, a special place is occupied by such individual countries as China, India, Japan and another $2$ group of countries - new industrial and oil-exporting countries.
In socio-economic development China there were ups and downs. But, the implementation of the economic reform launched at the end of the $ 70s, which was based on both planned and market development of the economy, led to a rapid rise in the economy. China, in terms of GDP, managed to reach the $3rd place in the world after the USA and Japan already in $1990. Later, in $2006$, the country took the second position in the world economic ranking, overtaking Japan in terms of gross industrial output. By $2020$ the country expects GDP growth$4$ times.
Economy Japan, destroyed during the Second World War, was not only restored, but also radically rebuilt. Japan has become a world power after the United States and became the only member of the G7 in Asia. The Japanese "economic miracle" gradually faded away, which led to a slowdown in the pace of socio-economic development. The financial crisis that engulfed Southeast Asia at the end of the $90s also had a negative impact on the Japanese economy.
Remark 3
Another country in this region plays a significant role in the global economy - India. The economic reforms carried out in the country in the $90s accelerated its development. India, after the G7 countries and China, ranks $9th in the world in terms of industrial production. True, in terms of per capita indicators, the country still lags behind many countries in the world.
The next center of economic power are new industrial countries Asia. This group consists of 2 "echelons":
Back in the $80$s, they rebuilt their economies according to the Japanese model. Today they are successfully developing the automotive, oil refining, and petrochemical industries. Develop shipbuilding, electrical and electronic industries. The production of consumer products - clothing, fabrics, shoes - is growing. The reason for their "economic miracle" was the activity of local businesses and foreign investment. According to the level of economic development in the region, such countries as Turkey, Iran, Pakistan, Israel, and the DPRK stand out. There are also less developed countries here - Yemen, Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Maldives, Nepal, Bhutan, Myanmar, Laos, Cambodia, etc.
ECONOMY OF THE COUNTRIES OF FOREIGN ASIA
Developed and conducted by Shvetsova V.A. teacher of geography and ecology of MOBU Novobureyskaya secondary school No. 3, Amur region. Developed on the basis of the author's program edited by V. I. Sirotin.
FIVE COUNTRIES OF ASIA'S ECONOMIC POWER
Prezentacii.com
CENTERS FEATURES OF THE HOUSE
1. China
2. Japan
3. India
4. NIS countries
5. Oil exporting countries
CHINA
In terms of GDP 1990 - 3rd place in the world 2011 - 2nd place in the world
Since the 70s of the XX century, a radical economic reform based on a combination of planned and market economy. It is at the industrial stage of development. per shower economic indicators lags behind not only the countries of Europe, but also many countries of the South.
Using figure 59 on page 228, write down in the table, for which types of products is China among the top three in the world?
JAPAN
Robot model from Japan
Using figure 59 on page 228, write in the table for which types of products Japan is among the top three in the world?
GDP - 4th place in the world; is part of the "big seven"; the pace of socio - economic development of the country slowed down;
INDIA
The main features of the economic development of modern India.
GDP - 3rd place in the world (2011); ranks 9th in the world after the G7 countries and China in terms of industrial production; one of the largest information technology centers in the world;
NIS COUNTRIES
"first echelon"
"second tier"
South Korea Singapore Hong Kong Taiwan
Malaysia Thailand Indonesia
Newly industrialized countries are a group developing countries in which over the past decades there has been a qualitative leap in socio-economic indicators. The economies of these countries short term made the transition from backward, typical of developing countries, to highly developed. Now they are competing with the US, Japan and European Union. In these countries, the proportion of literate people has increased, education has become free and publicly available. Gross domestic income per capita is about $15,000, and its annual growth has stabilized at 7%.
Developed industries: automotive oil refining petrochemical shipbuilding electrical electronics
FIVE COUNTRIES OF ASIA'S ECONOMIC POWER
CENTERS
FEATURES OF THE HOUSE
1. China
2. Japan
3. India
4. NIS countries
5. Oil exporting countries
By GDP
1990 - 3rd place in the world
2011 - 2nd place in the world
Using figure 59 on page 228, write down in the table, for which types of products is China among the top three in the world?
Robot model from Japan
sevens";
the development of the country slowed down;
Using figure 59 on page 228, write in the table for which types of products Japan is among the top three in the world?
The main features of the economic development of modern India.
G7 and China in terms of volume
industrial production;
information technologies;
"first echelon"
"second tier"
Developed industries:
Newly industrialized countries are a group of developing countries that have undergone a qualitative leap in socio-economic indicators over the past decades. The economies of these countries in a short time made the transition from backward, typical of developing countries, to highly developed. Now they are competing with the US, Japan and the European Union. In these countries, the proportion of literate people has increased, education has become free and publicly available. Gross domestic income per capita is about $15,000, and its annual growth has stabilized at 7%.
service sector;
controlled computer.
GRASURING AREAS
RICE SOWING AREAS
"TEA LANDSCAPE"
AREAS
SUBTROPIC AGRICULTURE
