GNP - gross domestic product. Investments of foreign companies, their income exported abroad, wages of foreign workers not included in the calculation of GDP (GNP is low in Singapore, South Korea, Taiwan and Malaysia) GNP - gross national product. Investments of foreign companies, their income exported abroad, the wages of foreign workers not included in the calculation of GDP (GNP is low in Singapore, South Korea, Taiwan and Malaysia)
Developing countries Least developed countries Mongolia, Vietnam, Bangladesh, Afghanistan, Sri Lanka, Jordan. Laos, Cambodia, Nepal, Bhutan, Yemen MGRT act as suppliers of mineral raw materials. There is practically no modern industry. Industry specialization: mining or light and food industries.
Developing super-countries China, India Have made great strides in the economic and social development but in terms of per capita indicators, they lag far behind economically developed countries. Industry specialization: multi-industry structure with a predominance of heavy industry.
New industrial countries Singapore, Taiwan, South Korea, Thailand, Malaysia, Hong Kong. As a result of the restructuring of their economy following the Japanese model, they made a rapid economic leap. Industry specialization: petrochemical, automotive, shipbuilding, electronics, light industry
Foreign Asia includes 48 states and is divided into 5 sub-regions. sub-regions Overseas Asia are Southwest, South, Southeast, East and Central Asia. What are the features and geographical position of these regions?
The area of Foreign Asia is 32 million square meters. km. All 48 states can be divided into island, inland and coastal. Island states include, for example, Japan, the Maldives, etc., coastal states - India, South Korea, etc., inland states - Mongolia, Kyrgyzstan, etc.
Rice. 1. Table characteristic of Foreign Asia.
Of the 48 countries, only 4 states can be called economically developed. These are Japan, Singapore, Israel, South Korea. The rest of the countries belong to the group developing countries.
The climate of Western Asia is varied. The region is located in the subtropical, equatorial (extreme south) and temperate zones (north of the region).
Western Asia is washed by many bays, seas and oceans. Asia has access to all four oceans: in the north it is washed by the waters of the Arctic Ocean, in the east by the Pacific Ocean, in the south by the Indian Ocean, and in the west by the Red Sea, which belongs to the Atlantic Ocean basin.
The natural conditions of the regions are very diverse. The main natural resources are oil (Gulf countries), gas (Gulf countries, Turkmenistan), coal and iron ore (China, India), non-ferrous metal ores. There is an extremely uneven supply of mineral resources in the region. In most countries, there is a shortage of land, and in South-West and Central Asia - water resources.
According to the level of industrial development, 6 groups of countries are distinguished:
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Agriculture is represented by three types:
Rice. 2. Flooded rice fields in China.
For all types, cotton is an important crop, which is largely exported.
4.2 billion people live on the territory of Foreign Asia. 50% of the world's population is concentrated here. most populous country is China, with a population of 1.4 billion. The population density is extremely uneven: high density in coastal and island states, low - in desert states (for example, Mongolia and Kazakhstan). The region has a very low level of urbanization.
Among countries, the state with the highest population density is Bangladesh with Dhaka as its capital.
Rice. 3. Dhaka is the capital of Bangladesh.
The composition of the population of Foreign Asia is ethnically very complex. More than 1 thousand peoples who belong to different language families live on its territory. The largest peoples are the Chinese, Japanese, Biharis, Bengalis.
In the EGP of Foreign Asia there are positive and negative sides. One of the positive features is the coastal location of most countries in the region. In addition, there are mineral resources that are diverse and are the basis for the existence of heavy and light industry. Thanks to a large number oil, which is produced in Saudi Arabia, Iran, Iraq, the United Arab Emirates, Asia occupies an important place in the world economy.
There are five centers of Overseas Asia:
Foreign Asia is a large macro-region, which includes five sub-regions. Occupying an area of 32 million square meters. km, and having 48 states, this territory plays an important role in the global economy. This article for grade 11 geography provides brief information about the regions, their geographical location and economic features.
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FOREIGN ASIA
GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS
PLAN - SCHEME OF THE LESSON
GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS OF FOREIGN ASIA
GEOGRAPHICAL POSITION
TERRITORIAL COMPOSITION
SUBREGIONS OF ASIA
HETEROGENEITY OF COUNTRIES
POPULATION
DEMOGRAPHIC SITUATION
ACCOMMODATION
ETHNIC COMPOSITION
Lesson questions:
1. What are the features of overseas Asian GP?
2. How many states are there in modern foreign Asia?
3. What subregions is Asia divided into?
4. What is the manifestation of the heterogeneity of the countries of foreign Asia?
5. What is demographic situation in overseas Asia?
6. How is the population distributed on the territory of foreign Asia?
7. What are the levels and rates of urbanization in Asia?
8. What are the features of the ethnic composition of the population?
NATURAL RESOURCES
GEOGRAPHICAL POSITION OF FOREIGN ASIA
The territory of foreign Asia stretches from north to south for almost 7 thousand km, and from west to east for more than 10 thousand km.
Most Asian countries are large, China and India are giants, but there are also microstates - Singapore, Bahrain, Qatar.
In the EGP of the region, one can single out
three features:
1. Neighborhood of countries (unites the region)
2. Coastal position of most countries (provides access to the seas of 3 oceans)
3. Deep position
some countries (makes communication with other countries difficult)
Exercise. Justify these features, give specific examples.
general characteristics Overseas Asia.
48
states
S U B R E G I O N S
Eastern
and Central
Asia
southeastern
Asia
South
Asia
5 states
11 states
Square
32 million km2
Population
3.7 billion people
1. China
2. Mongolia
3. North Korea
4. South Korea
5. Japan
southwestern
Asia
Medium
Asia
7 states
20 states
5 states
1. Myanmar
2. Laos
3. Vietnam
4. Thailand
5. Cambodia
6. Malaysia
7. Brunei
8. Singapore
9. Indonesia
10 East Timor
11. Philippines
1. Pakistan
2. India
3. Nepal
4. Butane
5. Bangladesh
6. Sri Lanka
7. Maldives
1. Georgia* 12. Iraq
2. Armenia* 13. Kuwait
3. Azerbaijan.* 14. Bahrain
4. Syria 15. Qatar
5. Turkey 16. UAE
6. Cyprus 17. Oman
7. Lebanon 18. Afghanistan
8. Jordan 19. Iran
9. Palestine 20. Yemen
10 Israel
11. Saudi Arabia
1. Kazakhstan*
2. Uzbekistan*
3. Turkmenistan*
4. Tajikistan*
5. Kyrgyzstan*
(* - states
within the CIS)
R E G I O N S A Z I I
Share of Asian regions in area and population
32 million km2 = 20% land
3.7 billion people = 60%
HETEROGENEITY
COUNTRIES OF ASIA The countries of Asia are very different. They differ in the size of the territory and natural resources, level of development, political structure, etc. This is a huge China and India, and a tiny Republic of Maldives. This is Kuwait, in the bowels of which billions of tons of oil are hidden and where per inhabitant
for the annual national income is over $25,000, and poorest countries with incomes less than $200 (Afghanistan, Bhutan). These are semi-feudal monarchies (Nepal), bourgeois and socialist republics, etc.
The differences became especially sharp after World War II. Unprecedented breakthrough in development productive forces carried out by Japan, overtaking dozens of states. Notable successes have been achieved by Malaysia, Singapore, and South Korea.
Heterogeneity
Asian countries
Oil producing
countries
developing
supercountries
Least
developed
* ERC - economically developed countries
* NIS - new industrial countries
* RS - developing countries
Other
RS*
Israel
Japan
South Korea
Singapore
China
India
The heterogeneity of countries and the colonial past causes an aggravation of territorial, political and interethnic problems in the region.
Territorial disputes:
India - Pakistan
Iran - Iraq
India - China
Japan - Russia
Greece - Turkey
Korea is divided by a demarcation line into North Korea and the Republic of Korea.
Relations between Israel and the Palestinian Authority are still far from a complete settlement.
In 1948 in Northern
Korea came to power
communist party. Five years of struggle led to the fact that in 1953 the Korean peninsula was divided into two countries.
POPULATION OF ASIA
The reproduction of the population of Asia is characterized by a high natural increase (see the map of the atlas " natural increase population"), in most countries it is more than 20 people/year per 1000 inhabitants. In the countries of East and Central Asia population policy has already led to a significant decline in the birth rate and natural population growth.
Natural population growth
Over 30
- 25 - 30
- 20 - 25
- 15 - 20
- 10 - 15
- 5 - 10
Kazakhstan
Conclusion:
For the reproduction of the population of foreign Asia, the following are typical:
fast pace;
average life expectancy - 64 years
* - gender and age structure
Next
slide
GENDER AND AGE STRUCTURE
POPULATION OF ASIA The high proportion of EAN* has caused labor migration in the region. The countries of Southwest Asia have become the center of attraction for labor migrants. For example, in the UAE, Kuwait, 80-90% of all employed are migrants.
The main areas of activity of migrants:
- oil industry;
- transport;
- services sector;
- construction.
* - economically active population
Yu and Yu-V. BUT.
WORK MIGRATION
ZAP. EUROPE
SEV. AMERICA
Slide #10
POPULATION ACCOMMODATION
The distribution of the population is very uneven, the population density varies from country to country: in Bangladesh it is 950 people/km2, while in Mongolia it is 1.5 people/km2.
Mongolia
Bangladesh
seaside
plains,
valleys and
river deltas
desert,
half empty
no, high
mountains, trails
the woods
Analyze the map.
Which sub-region of Asia has highest density population, and which is the smallest?
POPULATION
1. China - 1.3 billion people
2. India - 1 billion people
3. Indonesia - 200 million
4. Bangladesh - 150 million
5. Pakistan - 140 million
6. Japan - 125 million
Slide #11
POPULATION ACCOMMODATION
The main impact on the distribution of the population is the process of urbanization, the share of the urban population is growing rapidly in the region there is an "urban boom", China and India occupy the 1st and 2nd places in the world in terms of the number of city dwellers, however, as the diagram shows share of the population lives in rural areas.
Rural settlement is characterized by a rural form. Among the Mongols, Afghans and other peoples, where a nomadic way of life is preserved, the main type of dwelling is a yurt or a tent.
Philippine
village
LEVELS OF URBANIZATION
Japan - 80%
China - 35%
India - 30%
1st and 2nd place
number of citizens
agglomeration
Tokyo - 18.5 million people
Shanghai - 13.4 million people
Kolkata - 12 million people
Bombay - 11 million people
High growth rates of the urban population lead to the emergence of slum areas, i.e. the process of false urbanization is expressed.
Slide #12
ETHNIC COMPOSITION OF THE POPULATION OF ASIA
Ethnic composition of overseas Asia
very mosaic!
1000 nations
600 languages
MOST COUNTRIES ARE MULTINATIONAL
(INDIA AND INDONESIA - MORE THAN 150 PEOPLES, PHILIPPINES - 100, CHINA - MORE THAN 50, VIETNAM, MYANMAR, THAILAND - MORE THAN 30 PEOPLES.
ASIA - HOMELAND OF ALL RELIGIONS OF THE WORLD
The complexity of the ethnic and religious composition of a number of countries leads to the emergence of interethnic
religious and religious conflicts, many of which proceed under the slogans of separatism - a policy that sets the main goal of creating its own national public education. (For example, the Kurds are a nation numbering about 20 million people. Historically, they ended up as part of Turkey, Iran, Iraq and Syria. For a long time, the leaders of the Kurdish national movement have been seeking the creation of an independent state of Kurdistan, including by armed means.
World-wide reserves of iron and manganese ores lie in the bowels of India, chromites - in Turkey and the Philippines. From Myanmar to Indonesia stretches the world's largest tin-tungsten belt.
Political map of Asia.
1. Characteristics of the EGP, geography of natural conditions and resources, population, industry, agriculture, environmental problems of foreign Asia and its four subregions.
The People's Republic of China is a state in East Asia, the largest state in the world in terms of population (over 1.3 billion, the majority of the population are ethnic Chinese, self-name is Han); ranks third in the world in terms of territory, behind Russia and Canada.
About the time of the proclamation of the People's Republic of China in 1949, the ruling party is the Communist Party of China (CCP). There are also eight other registered political parties that are closely affiliated with the CCP.
The People's Republic of China exercises administrative control over 22 provinces; while the PRC government considers Taiwan its 23rd province. In addition, the PRC also includes 5 autonomous regions where the national minorities of China live; four municipalities, corresponding to the cities of central subordination, and 2 special administrative regions.
Administrative-territorial division of the People's Republic of China.
China is located in East Asia. From the east, China is washed by the waters of the western seas of the Pacific Ocean.
The total length of China's land borders is 22,117 km with 14 countries. The coast of China stretches from the border with North Korea in the north to Vietnam in the south and is 14,500 km long. China is washed by the East China Sea, the Korea Bay, the Yellow Sea and the South China Sea. Taiwan is separated from the mainland by the Taiwan Strait.
In 2010, the PRC's economy ranks second in the world in terms of nominal GDP, overtaking Japan, and second in terms of GDP calculated at purchasing power parity.
According to the Constitution, the PRC is a socialist state, but about 70% of GDP is provided by private enterprises. Under amendments to the Constitution adopted in 2004, private property is "inviolable". Officially, the PRC calls its current economic system "socialism with Chinese characteristics." Estimates of individual economists about the forms of the economy in China vary greatly.
3. Economic and socio-geographical characteristics of Japan.
Japan is an island nation in East Asia. Located in the Pacific Ocean, east of the Sea of Japan, China, North and South Korea and Russia, it covers an area from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north to the East China Sea and Taiwan in the south of the country.
Japan is located in the Japanese archipelago, which consists of 6,852 islands. The four largest islands - Honshu, Hokkaido, Kyushu and Shikoku - make up 97% of the total area of the archipelago. Most of the islands are mountainous, many are volcanic. The highest point in Japan, Mount Fuji is a volcano. With a population of over 127 million, Japan ranks tenth in the world. Greater Tokyo, which includes the de facto capital of Japan Tokyo and several nearby prefectures, with a population of more than 30 million people, is the largest urban agglomeration in the world.
Japan is divided into 47 administrative divisions of the highest level, the so-called. prefectures. Each prefecture is governed by a prefect (in the case of Hokkaido, a governor) and has its own legislative and administrative apparatuses. For convenience, prefectures are often grouped into regions that are not administrative divisions.
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As a great economic power, Japan ranks second in the world in terms of nominal GDP and third in terms of GDP calculated at purchasing power parity. Japan is the fourth largest exporter and sixth largest importer.
Japan is a developed country with a very high standard of living (tenth in the Human Development Index). Japan has one of the highest life expectancies, at 82.12 years in 2009, and one of the lowest infant mortality rates.
Japan is a member of the G8 and APEC, as well as a non-permanent member of the UN Security Council. Although Japan has officially renounced its right to declare war, it has a large, modern military that is used in self-defense and in peacekeeping operations.
Japan remains the only country in the world against which nuclear weapons have been used.
4. Economic and socio-geographical characteristics of India.
India is a state in South Asia. India ranks seventh in the world in terms of area and second in terms of population. India borders Pakistan to the west, China, Nepal and Bhutan to the northeast, Bangladesh and Myanmar to the east. In addition, India has maritime borders with the Maldives in the southwest, with Sri Lanka in the south and with Indonesia in the southeast. The disputed territory of the state of Jammu and Kashmir shares a border with Afghanistan.
India is a federal republic consisting of twenty-eight states, six union territories and the National Capital Territory of Delhi. All states, and the two union territories, Puducherry and the National Capital Territory of Delhi, have their own elected government. The remaining five union territories are administered by an administrator appointed by the central authority and are therefore under the direct control of the President of India. In 1956, the Indian states were reorganized along linguistic lines. Since then, the administrative structure has not changed much.
All states and union territories are divided into administrative and governmental units called districts. There are over 600 districts in India. The districts are in turn divided into smaller administrative units of taluki.
Administrative division of India.
India is the birthplace of the Indus Valley Civilization and other ancient civilizations. For most of its history, India has acted as the center of important trade routes and was famous for its riches and high culture.
Religions such as Hinduism, Buddhism, Sikhism and Jainism originated in India. In the first millennium AD, Zoroastrianism, Judaism, Christianity and Islam also came to the Indian subcontinent, which had a great influence on the formation of the diverse culture of the region.
Between the beginning of the 18th century and the middle of the 20th century, India was gradually colonized by the British Empire. After gaining independence in 1947, the country achieved great success in economic and military development. By the end of the 20th century, India's economy had become one of the fastest growing in the world. In terms of nominal gross domestic product, India ranks 12th in the world, and in terms of GDP, recalculated at purchasing power parity, it ranks fourth. A pressing problem continues to be the high level of poverty and illiteracy of the population.
Topic keywords:
Interethnic conflict- a conflict between representatives of ethnic communities, usually living in close proximity in any state.
religious conflict- clash of religious individuals and groups over different positions in matters of dogma, religious activities and the rules for building religious organizations.
Eastern city- the city, which is characterized by a clear division into the old and new parts. The liveliest place in the old city is the bazaar with its adjacent shopping streets and artisans' quarters. In the new part of the city, modern multi-storey knowledge prevails.
metropolis- the largest form of urban settlement, forming as a result of the merger of a large number of adjacent agglomerations.
Separatism- striving for separation, isolation, secession; a movement for the separation of a part of the state and the creation of a new state entity or for granting autonomy to a part of the country.
"Growth Pole"- a city, a large industrial new building, which has a stimulating effect on the development of the surrounding area.
The economy of the region as a whole is characterized by the following features:
The features of the agriculture of Foreign Asia are the combination of commodity and consumer economy, landowner and peasant land use, as well as the predominance of crops of food crops over crops of industrial crops and.
The main food crop of Foreign Asia is rice. Its countries (China, India, Japan, etc.) provide over 90% of the world's rice production. The second most important grain crop in Foreign Asia is wheat. In coastal, well-moistened areas, winter wheat is grown, in the arid continental part - spring wheat. Among other grain crops, corn and millet are significant. Despite the fact that Foreign Asia produces the vast majority of rice and about 20% of the world wheat harvest, many of its countries are forced to buy grain, since the food problem has not been solved in them.
Foreign Asia occupies a prominent place in the world in the production of soybeans, copra (dried coconut pulp), coffee, tobacco, tropical and subtropical fruits, grapes, various spices (red and black pepper, ginger, vanilla, cloves), which are also exported.
The level of development of animal husbandry in Foreign Asia is lower than in other regions of the world. The main ones are cattle breeding and sheep breeding, and in countries with a non-Muslim population (China, Vietnam, Korea, Japan) - pig breeding. Horses, camels, yaks are bred in desert and high mountain regions. Export livestock products are insignificant and mainly consist of wool, hides and skins. Fishing is of great importance in coastal countries.
The location of agriculture in the vast area of foreign Asia is highly dependent on environmental factors. In general, several have formed in the region.
In most developing countries of Foreign Asia, industry is represented mainly by mining industries. The reason for this is their good supply and the general low level of development of manufacturing (closing) industries.
However, the differences in the level of development of the economy of various countries and regions of Foreign Asia are so significant that it is advisable to consider the economy of the region region by region.
If we proceed from the ten-member structure of the world economy, then there are five centers within the limits of Foreign Asia (among them, three centers are separate countries):
China started in the 70s economic reform("Gaige"), based on a combination of planned and market economy. As a result, there has been an unprecedented growth of the country's economy. In 1990, China was already ranked 3rd in terms of GDP after Japan, and by 2000 it was ahead. However, based on the calculation of GDP per capita, China still lags far behind the leading countries. Despite this, China largely determines the progress of the entire Asia-Pacific region. Modern China is a powerful industrial-agrarian country that occupies an important position in (first place in coal mining and steelmaking, production of cotton fabrics, televisions, radios, gross grain harvest; second place in the production of electricity, chemical fertilizers, synthetic materials, etc. The face of China is primarily determined by the heavy .
Japan came out of the 2nd World War with a completely destroyed. But it not only managed to restore the economy, but also to become the No. 2 power in the world, a member of the G7, and in many ways economic indicators come out on top. at first it developed mainly along an evolutionary path. Based on imported raw materials, such basic industries as energy, metallurgy, automotive, shipbuilding, chemical, petrochemical, and construction industries were practically recreated. After the energy and raw material crises of the 1970s, the revolutionary path of development began to prevail in Japan's industry. The country began to limit the growth of energy-intensive and metal-intensive industries and focus on the latest high-tech industries. It has become a leader in the field of electronics, robotics, biotechnology, and has begun to use energy. In terms of the share of spending on science, Japan ranks first in the world. Since the 90s, the "Japanese economic miracle" has come to naught and the pace of economic development has slowed down, however, the country still retains a leading position in many economic indicators.
India is one of the key countries in the developing world. She began economic reform in the 1990s and achieved some success. However, it remains a country of very great contrasts. For example:
Among other countries of Foreign Asia in terms of economic development Turkey, Iran, Pakistan, Israel stand out.
