Network engineering- these are systems without which it is impossible to live in a private house. Without engineering networks housing will be unusable.
The main purpose of engineering networks is to provide owners with all the necessary amenities.
There are two types of engineering networks: external and internal.
The company "SIBSTROY" carries out the design of all engineering networks for various types of construction. We are engaged in bringing communications to the constructed buildings. More than a hundred projects have been implemented according to our sketches.
Most often, customers trust us with construction from the very beginning to the end. Of course, in such cases, the work also includes the summing up of engineering networks, because landscaping is an indispensable component comfortable life modern man.
Own house associated with the maximum degree of comfort and coziness. The heating system plays an important role in creating a home improvement. Thanks to modern equipment, it provides the house with heat and hot water. The requirements for the heating system are special. It should be easy to manage, efficient, functional. At the same time, heating should not be expensive, since it accounts for most of the utility bills.
In addition to the main heating system, it consists of a tank with a coolant, fittings for connecting the heating boiler to the circuit, a comb, with which the coolant supply is regulated and distributed. The safety group ensures the stability of the system, membrane expansion tanks help in this. An important role in heating is given to the chimney. It must function correctly.
When creating a heating system, much attention is paid to the choice of a heating scheme. It can be with natural or forced circulation of the coolant. In the first case, the liquid moves in the system due to the difference in density between hot and cooled water. In a forced system, movement is carried out using circulation pumps.
The core of the heat supply system is the heating boiler, which can operate on different types fuel. Boiler types:
The choice of equipment depends on the availability of fuel, the desire to provide a certain degree of autonomy. The best option is the main boiler for natural gas and an additional boiler for electricity or solid fuel.
Water supply is not only comfort, but also a necessity without which it is impossible to live in a frequency house. The water supply system must be reliable, functional, not requiring constant repairs and complex maintenance.
SIBSTROY specialists are ready to implement such a project in a short time.
The water supply system of the house consists of the following main components:
Water intake can be carried out from a central water supply or an autonomous source. A well or well with drinking water can serve as an autonomous source. A hydraulic accumulator is needed in case of a centralized supply of water or electricity. In these reserve tanks there is always water, which is enough for the normal functioning of the house.
Pipes for drinking and hot water can be made of various materials. steel pipes competition is provided by plastic, metal-plastic pipes, which have an affordable cost and a long service life. Proper laying of the water supply ensures a reliable flow of water to the connection points. Since connection points in modern house is not enough, then a competent water supply control system is required.
In a private house, hot water supply is necessary for the comfortable living of the owner. Installation of water supply systems from a heating boiler or a centralized highway is carried out. With autonomous hot water supply, double-circuit boilers or separate boilers operating on natural gas or electricity are used. The DHW system can be with instantaneous or storage water heater.
Instantaneous water heaters have an affordable price, they are easy to install, but their feature is high costs. For comfortable operation of the hot water supply system, it is necessary to install a flow heater at each point of water consumption. the most economical system with a storage tank, especially if modern stratified water heating boilers are used.
The SIBSTROY company offers turnkey water supply with the European level.
Ventilation systems are an integral part of the modern home.
Specialists of the company "SIBSTROY" are ready to perform a full cycle of work on the installation of modern equipment for the ventilation of your home.
Ventilation equipment is necessary not only for air supply, but also for its removal. During human activity, carbon dioxide is released into the environment. The traditional place of their installation is the kitchen, bathroom, toilet. If there is a garage in the house, it is necessary to install a hood.
In the company "SIBSTROY" specialists perform turnkey ventilation using modern equipment. We install channels made of PVC, aluminum, stainless and galvanized steel. All work is carried out on the basis of accurate calculations, taking into account the features of the layout of the house and functional purpose each room.
In recent years, the requirements for conventional electrical wiring have seriously increased. The reason is the large number of powerful household appliances used. Wide modern technology-all this significantly increases the power consumption. As a result, the power supply system of the house needs complex engineering solutions.
It is better to entrust them to professionals.
In the house small area There are multiple power lines. Traditionally, powerful household appliances are separately powered, requiring individual circuit breakers. Its own line goes to the utility rooms, the kitchen and the study are connected separately. The power supply system of a private house includes the lighting of a personal plot, the supply of energy to a deep pump and a heating boiler, to automatic irrigation systems and drives for entrance and garage doors. A separate line requires the installation of electric underfloor heating.
Engineering communications are various kinds of systems that improve the quality of living in country houses and apartments. This type of equipment is also installed in shops, offices, industrial premises etc. Assembly of all kinds engineering communications requires thoughtful design and compliance with certain technologies during installation.
There are many types of equipment of this type. Engineering communications are, first of all:
The construction of engineering communications begins with the development detailed diagrams connecting their main elements and selecting equipment that has the necessary performance characteristics. A network laying project is drawn up, taking into account the layout and architecture of the building. The owners of large houses usually entrust the work of developing schemes to specialists. For a small residential building, for example, a summer house, the project can be drawn up independently. However, when developing it, it is necessary to take into account the standards provided for by SNiP and adhere to fire safety rules.
Such engineering communications are what is connected in country house or any other building first. In small buildings, a single-phase electrical network is usually used. The cottages are connected three-phase. The wires are pulled from the nearest power line pole at a height of at least 2.75 m from the ground (3.5 m above the footpaths). They are brought into the building itself in a pipe rack through a roof with grounding. Sometimes an additional pole is used. Through the rooms of the house, wires are pulled in special
The building is provided with drinking water, as a rule, by drilling a well, installing a submersible pump and laying highways. includes a boiler, which can be gas, solid fuel, diesel or electric, radiators, pipes. Also, when assembling engineering communications of this variety, an expansion tank, a safety group, a circulation pump and various kinds of shut-off valves are used.
Hot water in a private house can be organized simultaneously with the heating system. In this case, a double-circuit engineering communications of this group is installed as follows:
Cooking stoves, as well as boilers and boilers operating on blue fuel, are connected to the mains only with the permission of the relevant organizations. The same applies to gas holders. It is possible to attach to a cylinder with a plate without preliminary coordination. Connection to highways and a gas tank is also entitled to be made only by licensed specialists. The cost of piping gas to the house depends mainly on how far the centralized pipeline is from it. The same applies to the gas tank. However, in the latter case, the owners will also have to pay for this capacity itself (about 60 thousand rubles).
This kind of engineering communications has recently been assembled both in private houses and in summer cottages. The main components of the sewer system are:
The septic tank is installed in a pit dug at a distance of at least 5 m from the house. The design of engineering communications of this type is carried out taking into account the fact that pipes from the riser to must be wound with a slope of 2-3 cm per 1 p / m into a trench with a depth below the freezing of the soil. The laying is carried out in such a way that there are no elbows located at an acute angle along the entire length of the line.
As a riser in private houses, a pipe with a diameter of 110 mm is usually used. The toilet is located in close proximity to it. The further it is installed, the greater the likelihood of blockages. The bathroom and sinks are connected to the riser, usually through a lounger. All pipes stretched through the house are closed with special decorative plastic boxes.
Such building communications have recently become more and more popular. Since even small country houses today use sealed plastic windows and modern doors, installing a ventilation system is in most cases an urgent need. Most often, in country houses, supply and exhaust equipment of this type is installed. It is mounted like this:
Sometimes modern systems ventilation are supplemented with various kinds of equipment that increase the comfort of living in the house. These can be, for example, built-in air conditioners or humidifiers.
Engineering communications are, therefore, critical systems, a comfortable life without which in a country house is simply impossible. The design and installation of such equipment is a very important matter. You cannot make any mistakes when performing these operations. This can negatively affect not only the convenience, but also the safety of living in the house. In small country houses, the installation of the main communications can be done with your own hands. The owners of large cottages are better off entrusting this work to specialists.
Today it is no longer necessary to choose between the comfort in a city apartment and the charm of life outside a noisy city, because now engineering communications in a country house can even exceed the characteristics of those located in the city. It is possible to organize a high quality engineering infrastructure even if the region has country house there are no centralized networks. If you entrust the drafting of the project and its implementation to professionals, then the owners of a country house will not have any problems with their operation. Today, ordering such services inexpensively will not be any problem, and you can buy everything you need to organize a heating system, water supply, and other things at any hardware store.
To order the installation of utilities in a country house - call +7 495 205-205-2
It is worth noting that before conducting communications to a country house, the price of which depends on many factors, it is necessary to familiarize yourself with the main nuances of designing these same communications.
Of course, the most the best option there will be laying of all communications at the stage of construction of a private house. All engineering networks are initially included in the project of the future home, so there are no problems with their organization. But sometimes this is simply not possible. It often happens that a house is bought ready to move in, but there is a desire to remake it to your liking. Or it may be that initially there were not enough funds for all communications, so they will be organized gradually. Sometimes this process can take several years.
If you entrust all the necessary work to specialists, then they will be able to perform any task that relates to laying communications even in a finished house. At the same time, they can use methods that minimize the need to disassemble the main structures of the house as much as possible. But still, you need to be prepared for the fact that you will have to put up with some inconvenience in any case.
Many lovers of country life are immediately interested in how much communications cost in a country house? In fact, it will be possible to answer this question only after the draft is drawn up. Its implementation should be entrusted to the specialists of the design bureau. Only a specialized company is able to accurately and competently perform such work. She has not only the necessary licenses for this, but also a lot of experience, and the higher it is, the better the result will be.
In order to create a plan for future communications, you need a plan of the house itself, as well as a conversation with its owners. Features of laying communications depend not only on the layout of the house, but also on the lifestyle of the owners. In simple words, the number of people living in a country house is taken into account, which water and energy-consuming equipment is used, and so on. In addition, the moment in which the country house is operated is taken into account - as permanent or seasonal housing? By answering these and many other questions, it will be possible to develop the most optimal project for laying communications for a country house.
As a rule, future engineering communications in a private house, namely their arrangement, begins with the creation of a draft design. It indicates all the engineering systems of the house, which will fully meet the features of the house itself and the requirements of the owner.
Based on the draft, developed technical task for the design of future communications in the house. After that, you can draw up an estimate, thanks to which the owner of a country house can specifically see how much such a pleasure will cost him. Of course, the rationale for the use of certain materials is prescribed here, drawings of future communications are made, and the main components are detailed. It is worth noting that not everyone can organize accurate drawings. They should be not only accurate, but also as detailed as possible. The length of the pipeline, the location of the control valves and other details are indicated here.
It is noteworthy, but the communications of a country house and a traditional city apartment are different. Even because the area country houses much larger than the average apartment, and therefore the load on the systems here will be higher. It is not difficult to guess that in this case, engineering communications in a country house should be equipped with more powerful and reliable equipment. In addition, in some regions there are no backbone networks, and therefore in this case it is necessary to look for alternative solutions.
It is worth noting that the cost of engineering communications in a private house depends not only on the amount of work, but also on the qualifications of specialists, as well as the materials used. We can say with confidence that it is not worth saving on engineering communications. Not only the comfort of living in a country house, but also the health of people depends on their quality.
It is quite difficult to specify the exact cost of a particular service. It all depends on the prices of companies that are engaged in similar work. In order to choose a truly reliable engineering company, you need to focus on the following points:
If the need to save money is not only a desire, but also a hopelessness of the situation, then the best option would be to order communications in a turnkey cottage. A complex approach to the organization of communications of a country house will be cheaper than breaking this process into several stages. In addition, the longer you put off the need to complete a particular task, the more expensive it will cost, because the prices for materials are getting higher every year. Another advantage of this service is that only one company will carry out all the work, and therefore all its actions will be correctly coordinated, which will positively affect the quality of the work done. To optimize the process as much as possible, both in terms of price and time spent, will allow the design and laying of communications even at the stage of building a country house.
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As you know, turnkey communications for a country house include the organization of water supply, sewerage, heating, and electricity.
As for water supply, in this case, a country house can be connected to a central water supply, if any, or to an autonomous source, which is a well or a well. In addition to the standard equipment, which is familiar from a city apartment, in this case, additional equipment will also be required. This includes a pumping station, a water storage tank, as well as a hydraulic accumulator, which will start and stop the pump more smoothly, which will positively affect its operating period. In addition, fine and coarse filters will be required. With their help, it will be possible to purify water from various pollutants and impurities, which will subsequently make it possible to use it for drinking purposes. Before organizing the water supply of a country house, it will be necessary to equip a well or well with a caisson, and only after installing the pump. To transport water directly to the house, pipes of various materials can be used - copper, steel or polymer.
It is worth noting that if the pipe with cold and hot water are located in parallel, then in this case the pipe with cold water must be placed under the pipe with hot. By following this recommendation, condensate from a cold pipe will not drip onto a hot one.
Answering the question - how much does it cost to conduct communications in a private house, it must be borne in mind that the materials used play an important role. Savings here will also be a place, because instead of expensive copper pipes, you can use polymer pipes, and the like.
As for the sewerage of a country house, it is necessary to organize a treatment plant for it, in which the water used will be subjected to biological treatment. An example is the topas system, but in addition to it, the market has a large number of and others. Experts note that such systems are absolutely safe from an environmental point of view, in addition, they do not require additional maintenance from the owner of the house. For internal system sewerage of a country house PVC pipes are used. To date, this option is the most durable material, and the price for it is quite affordable.
Before choosing the necessary equipment for organizing the sewerage of a country house, it is necessary to make a project of sewer networks, determine their performance, laying depth, height of soil pipes, the location of the water purification tank, and so on. It is worth noting that this tank should not be closer to home than 4-6 meters.
Of course, no communications in a private house can do without a heating system. To heat a country house, a system of pipelines and radiators is used, as well as a heating source, which is presented in the form of a boiler. The result is a closed circuit, through which the coolant will constantly circulate while the heating system is operating. In order for this system to work without failures, it is equipped with a circulation pump, which increases the circulation rate of the coolant. In addition, the heating system of a private house requires the installation of an expansion tank, automatic devices for air release, as well as a feed pipe. In order for excess heated coolant to be normally removed, both relief and safety valves are installed in the system. It is worth noting that the heating system of a country and private house can be gas, electric, combined, or run on solid or liquid fuel. Very often, the organization of the heating system of a private house requires the allocation of a separate room for these purposes, which is called the boiler room.
In addition to heating boilers, it is necessary to pay attention to radiators. They will affect not only the level of heating of a country house, but also total cost organization of engineering communications:
The last point, which includes turnkey communications, the price of which fully justifies the quality of the work done, is power supply. The main requirements for electrical networks are reliability and safety. Basically, the main source of electricity supply is the transformer. The voltage from the transformer goes through the wires and goes to the consumer, in whose house the voltage should be within 380 V. To create a project for the future of electricity supply, it is necessary to accurately calculate the future consumption of this energy. The choice of wires, as well as protective devices, will also depend on the result obtained.
Before proceeding with laying communications in a country house price, it will be necessary to conclude an agreement with the relevant authorities for the power supply of the house. After laying the wiring, you will need to install a meter, as well as open an account to pay for the electricity consumed.
It is worth noting that the majority of domestic fires are provoked by a malfunction of the electrical wiring. The reason here may be incorrectly laid electrical networks, poor quality materials, as well as errors in the calculation of loads. That is why such work must be entrusted to qualified specialists of a certain profile.
Consumption ecology. Manor: We consider the priority tasks that are associated with the design of engineering systems in a country house.
The comfort of living in a country house directly depends on how all engineering systems and communications work - electricity and water supply, heating system and sewerage. Moreover, the efficiency, durability and trouble-free operation of the "engineer" directly depends on its competent design and high-quality installation.
In this article, we will answer the following questions:
Engineering communications planning
Construction practice shows that engineering systems are one of the most expensive components in a country house. Depending on the cost of the selected equipment, the method of its installation, as well as the options for laying communications, the price of an “engineer” can be 25-40% of the total estimate for building a house. Therefore, any mistake made at the stage of selecting or laying engineering systems will lead in the future to the need for alterations and costly repairs.
We remember the main rule: the selection and installation of engineering systems of a country house is preceded by the design stage, which begins with competent planning.
Compliance this principle will avoid mistakes. For example, if a monolithic slab is chosen as the foundation, or later on, on the base strip foundation it is planned to make floors on the ground, then the place for entering communications into the house (water, sewerage) must be designed in advance. Otherwise, after the construction of the box at home, you will have to puzzle over where and how to introduce engineering networks, up to altering / drilling the foundation or gouging technical holes in the screed with a perforator.
In the absence of sufficient Money, you can mount engineering systems gradually, stretching this process for a long time. But mortgages for water and sewer pipes, electricians (if underground input is planned), channels, holes in the foundation, ceilings and walls are provided in advance. This will avoid significant financial and labor costs during further work on the installation of the "engineer".
So, we decided that the project is the base for the construction of engineering communications. A natural question arises: how to plan everything correctly? To answer, you should break your actions into a series of successive steps, moving from the general to the particular. In order not to forget anything, we take a sheet of paper and write down what we need to do, namely:
These are only general, basic data, on the basis of which it is possible to make a pre-design sketch of engineering networks. Every little thing matters. If something is overlooked, then later, for example, having decided to make a landscape design or build an outbuilding, it turns out that an electric cable, a water supply system or a septic tank with a filtration field are buried in this place.
Based on this, starting planning and further designing engineering networks, we immediately think about what and where it is planned to do. Those. "engineering" is a compromise between functionality, reliability of work, aesthetics of laid communications and reasonable sufficiency without excessive complication of the system.
The nuances of engineering communications
The starting point for engineering network design is prioritization. Only having dealt with one task, we move on to the next, without trying to cover everything at once.
The first thing on which the normal functioning of a country house is based is electricity and water. Those. a reliable source of water and electricity is needed, and for their input and distribution to consumers - engineering communications. Moreover, electricity and water will be required even at the stage of construction of the cottage.
Although it is possible to build a country house using a gas generator and imported water, this greatly complicates all construction work.
If electricity is supplied centrally, from the power company, then a reliable source of water in most cases is the concern of the homeowner.
Water can be obtained from a well or from a well. Moreover, the well, depending on the depth of the aquifers and the structure of the soil, can be drilled “on the sand”, or a full-fledged, but also the most expensive artesian one is equipped, or a shallow budget “Abyssinian” is hammered right in the house / box.
Therefore, immediately, at the initial, planning stage, we figure out where to get water from, how it will be brought into the house where the pumping equipment will be located. For example, inside the house, in technical room or boiler room. Or a caisson with water intake equipment is arranged right above the well, and from it the water supply is brought into the house.
Based on this information, as well as determining where to place the house on the site, we can calculate the distance of the route from the water intake point to the point of entry of the pipeline into the house. Depending on the region of residence and the depth of soil freezing (for example, in the Moscow region about 1.5 m), we estimate at what depth to mount the pipe so that it does not freeze in winter.
If the water supply is laid above the freezing depth of the soil, then it is necessary to provide for the installation of a heating cable or insulation. For example, a heat insulator for pipes with a “fur coat” made of foamed polyethylene or polystyrene foam “shell”.
It is important to define the entry point in advance. If the pipeline passes under the slab foundation and exits through its horizontal plane, it is necessary to provide (even at the foundation design stage) an embedded pipe. We act similarly with a basement or a buried strip foundation, with the only difference being that the pipeline runs horizontally through the foundation wall.
Traditionally, the bottleneck for entering a water pipe into a house is penetration through the foundation. This place must be sealed, and it must be done in such a way that the pipeline does not crush with a possible movement / settlement of the foundation.
As a sleeve, a metal pipe can be used, the inner diameter of which is 2 times larger than the outer diameter of the water or sewer pipe. The sleeve with the pipe installed on both sides is sealed with a moisture-resistant, non-rotten material that compensates for the possible movement of the structure. For example, a kabolka - a resin rope made of flax, jute or hemp.
The node of such penetration clearly demonstrates the following figure.
When laying a sewer pipe, several factors are taken into account. This is the depth of soil freezing, the type of septic tank or local treatment plant, the magnitude of the slope on the site, the distance from the septic tank to the house.
It is not advised to combine the input of an electrical cable into the house (if electricity is planned to be introduced underground) with water and sewer pipes. To enter the electrical cable, we mount a separate embedded pipe, which goes into the room where the electrical panel is mounted.
So, we take a floor plan and mark on it where and how many sockets, switches, lamps, etc. are supposed to be. We mark points with a virtual arrangement of furniture. Otherwise, it may later turn out that the mounted socket will close the sofa or closet.
We also count the number of other electrical consumers. These are boilers, pumps, street lighting for a bath or sauna, all light bulbs, etc. After that, we draw a block diagram of the electrics and calculate the total power consumption of all equipment. Based on this calculation, it will be possible to select the types and sections of cables and calculate the complete set of electrical panels. After that, we choose places for placing electrical panels, junction boxes and cable routes. We mark them on the plan. Next, select the equipment and calculate the length of the cables. After that, we get everything you need and do the installation.
Summarizing
Ideally, when designing engineering systems, you need to be able to look at them both through the eyes of a designer and an installer, taking into account the material from which the house is being built - wood, aerated concrete, brick, frame construction, etc. Since the properties of the material and the design of the house directly affect the methods and laboriousness of laying engineering communications.
For example, aerated concrete is easily chiselled with a simple hand tool, and for laying a pipeline route or an electrical network in brick or warm ceramics, you will have to use a power tool.
When laying communications in a timber or log house, it is necessary to take into account the shrinkage of wood so that the routes, pipelines and cables do not pinch in 1-2 years. AT frame house it is convenient to hide communication lines behind the interior decoration.
The design of the house and foundation also affects the methods of installation of engineering communications. If there is an underground, then sewer pipes and water supply can be carried out in it.
During the construction of a shallow foundation (MZLF), water and sewer pipes are laid under the sole of the tape, provided that the soil is not subsiding. Further, the pipeline is brought inside the perimeter of the foundation, rises vertically and passes through the ceiling. When driving the floor on the ground, in order to maintain the continuity of the vapor and waterproofing layer, we start it on the pipe, to the thickness of the screed. published
Communication lines are connected to the house from a centralized system, after the approval of the relevant authorities. There are no problems with electricity. The connection is made from an overhead line to a junction box, from which high-voltage wires are brought inside the house. And how to properly lay the main sewerage and water supply lines?
Pipes are laid underground and the first thing to do is to take care not to freeze them in sub-zero temperatures. There are two ways out of this situation.
When arranging water supply from a well, a caisson is built located in an earthen box, below the level of soil freezing. A supply pipe is laid from it, to the very underground of the building, and from there it is lifted up and internal wiring is made around the house. Under the building, the soil does not freeze, and on the rise of the outlet above, the pipe is additionally wrapped with a heater that prevents it from freezing.
If it is not possible to lay a water supply system below the freezing level, then special heating is used for protection. This is a heat cable laid along the entire length of the system. Temperature drop sensors are triggered when a critical point is reached and heating is turned on. Very convenient, but it entails additional energy costs.
Unlike a water pipe, there is no constant presence of liquid, so sewer pipes only need to be laid correctly from the inside to the outside. Laying above the freezing level of the soil is allowed. The inlet pipe is located at a depth of up to 60 cm, the distance from the septic tank to the foundation of the house is from 5 to 15 meters. The recommended slope is approximately 2-4 cm per meter of pipe. Thus, in order to ensure a normal slope, when laying the sewer from the house to the septic tank at a distance of up to 10 meters, the pipe must be buried at a depth of 40 to 60 cm at the entrance to 
cleaning channel, with a gradual rise in the slope towards the house.
This is the easiest way to lay. A trench can be dug at any stage of building a house. The main thing is that it does not pass too close to the post, this will weaken the soil around it and reduce the bearing capacity. It is recommended to indent from 2 to 2.5 meters. But if at the same time the distance from one pillar to another does not allow meeting these restrictions, they dig a trench at the same distance from each support.
The main disadvantage of the pile foundation (columnar), in terms of wiring communications, is the cold underground. The floor can be well insulated, but the space between the ground and the ceiling will be cold. Warming will allow you to escape from the through wind, but it will not protect you from freezing. Therefore, as the only option for salvation in this case is the laying of a heating cable.
Work on conducting communications in this type of foundation is worked out in advance. If the base is shallow, then before digging a trench, a ditch is dug under a water pipe, below the freezing level. The communications section located under the foundation is protected by a metal sleeve.
With deep laying, the highway is carried out through the thickness of concrete. To make a hole, at the laying stage, a metal sleeve is mounted in the reinforcement cage. 
After pouring the strip foundation, it is cleaned and water pipes are laid according to the instructions.
It is possible to remove pipes after laying the foundation. Only in this case, the work is complicated by chiselling the base. A hole will need to be made not only in a monolithic slab, but also additionally cut off the reinforcement that gets in the way.
This option does not forgive shortcomings, so it is possible to lay a sewer or water supply only at the construction stage. First, a trench is being prepared for engineering systems. Pipes are laid in sleeves. Their installation is mandatory in order to protect against the pressure created by the weight of the foundation. Also, it will allow in the event of a breakthrough to replace the damaged area. After that, the trench is filled up and the base is prepared for the foundation of the slabs, in accordance with technological standards.
With the study of the entrance of engineering systems, one should not hesitate. It is better to do all the work in advance and not worry about the reliability of their operation.
