Now the most acceptable way to build foundations on swampy areas, including structures on heavily swampy and water-saturated areas, is to use screw piles. In fact, this is perhaps the most economical, and sometimes the only possible way to build foundations for future structures. Especially if the site is simply a swamp. Screw piles in the swamp the least expensive way to build a foundation for any structure, including those with a heavy load.
So, the most reliable, less expensive way to build a foundation in a swamp, heavily swampy or water-saturated areas is to use screw piles. And how to fix a pile in a swamp? This question is often heard. after all, any person who is at least a little versed in construction understands that any “trunk” placed in loose or highly plastic soil will not stand normally under a significant load and perform its load-bearing functions. The answer is simple - it is necessary to create a load-bearing frame or, as they say now, a piping of screw piles.
Tying screw piles (power frame or armo frame) what is it and how is it done? When tying screw piles, pile field steel materials such as a channel or a corner and the same power frame is created. And in the case of using a channel as a connecting element, such a foundation is a full-fledged grillage.
On device foundations on screw piles in swampy areas it is always necessary to use a channel, a steel angle as connecting elements of a pile field, creating a “power frame” of a structure on highly mobile soils. In most cases, the installation of screw piles in such areas can only be done manually. This is due to a number of reasons; both the impossibility of the operation of equipment on such terrain (arrival and maneuvering), and the extreme complexity of the accuracy of installing piles in such soil. As a strapping, both a channel and a corner are used, which makes it possible to give the pile structure the necessary rigidity and stability on problematic soils.
Installation of screw piles produced to different depths, but to what? A frequently asked question is how long screw piles are needed. Of course, you need to take into account the level of freezing in your region, in particular Leningrad region- this is 150 cm. Plus the height of the foundation itself from the ground. Height can be 30 cm, and 50 cm, a meter or more. Especially if there is a certain slope of the terrain with a different height difference. But that's not all. There are areas with very difficult soils, such as wetlands.
It is not difficult enough to screw a pile into peat, but will it hold on is the question? The fact is that later the piles will experience the load of the structure and the entire mass of the building will press into the softest places of the soil. The pile itself will tend to rest against a rigid foundation, therefore, the subsidence of the structure will continue until the tip of the screw pile rests on the “hard” ground. It can be clay, dense sand deposits, layers with stony inclusions, dense sandy loam. That's why screw pile length directly depends on the depth of dense layers.
For determining the required length of screw piles in problem soils, it is necessary to carry out “geological exploration”, to make test drilling. This incurs additional financial costs (on average 1,500 rubles), but allows you to avoid unnecessary costs in the future. In our practice, we had to screw piles up to 8 meters deep, but sometimes, apart from using screw piles, there is no other solution when building a foundation, based on cost and reliability. The latter refers to the installation of piers and moorings.
Trying to save on the length of the piles can lead to unnecessary costs that can occur with a full or partial repair.
screw pile installation scheme in swampy soils
As described above, a pile-screw foundation may be the only possible solution for the construction of any building in a heavily wetland. Are there other alternatives for building foundations in such conditions?
Pile foundation in marshland can be arranged using other finished piles, metal or reinforced concrete. The installation method may vary. Driving piles with a special forced vibration mechanism, driving piles with a pile driver, installing piles in pre-prepared holes. Moreover, the latter method is rarely used even on good dense soils. It is hardly advisable to arrange a pile foundation in marshy and heavily water-flooded areas, unstable soils strongly sink and collapse, which leads to a violation of the integrity of the pile shaft, deterioration of the concrete quality and loss of the necessary design capacity of the foundation to bear the load of the structure.
Pile foundation on heaving soils it is arranged in the same way, and the winter period with frequent temperature changes, as well as the snow load, must be taken into account.
Now, in all problem areas, it is more economical and reliable to arrange a screw foundation with mandatory reinforcement (power frame) from a channel and a corner. Subject to all the necessary requirements, such a foundation will serve for a long time.
What is important to consider before starting installation work screw foundation in areas with high saturation of the soil with moisture?
There are several important conditions. This is an entrance, if mechanized installation is provided, sometimes shields, including in some cases manual installation. Often it is necessary to carry out geological exploration (test drilling) to find out the required length of piles. In rare cases, the site is drained, with mandatory drainage.
It often happens that the entrance to the work site is in a "deplorable" state or simply does not exist. In cases where the installation of screw piles must be carried out using special equipment, an entrance to the site is simply necessary for normal access to work. There were cases when the drilling machine simply sank into soft marshy ground at the entrance and, of course, installation work was not possible. how to arrange an entrance to the site in several ways, different in scale and means.
Bedding device 
deck at the entrance A method for arranging an entrance when the soil is peat and solid "quicksand". Peat removal is carried out (soil sampling) and a platform is laid from logs, which then wakes up and compacts with a suitable material, most often sand or a sand-gravel mixture. Such an entrance will allow the normal conduct of work and further maneuvering of equipment during the construction process.
Scaffolds are temporary entrances for the duration of the operation of the equipment. Scaffolds can be made from a fortieth board or plywood boards. Any materials ready to withstand the technique will do.
Shields at the entrance Also, these shields are shifted, if necessary, at the work site itself for the time the equipment is located.
It often happens that the site is heavily saturated with water, the area of the site has become limp after heavy rains, under a dense layer of soil there is quicksand.
Shields in a heavily swampy area If the piles are twisted with the help of special equipment and the soil is not very swampy, but only the top layer, then you can resort to shields made of wooden materials.
Shields on problematic soils 
Geotextile If there is a “swamp” on the site, then you will have to sample the soil to the required depth, lay geotextiles and fill everything with sand, ramming it to the required density.
Properly carried out preparatory work in areas with problematic soils, they will allow high-quality installation of a pile-screw foundation.
For installation questions, please call 981 — 84 — 08
Peatlands, swamps and simply marshy areas are rightfully considered one of the most difficult and problematic types of soil for building houses. The presence of fine-grained particles in the soil contributes to the formation of quicksand, which are unstable, in addition, waterlogged soil is significantly oversaturated with moisture. With the onset of winter time, such soils are subject to frost heaving, and during the rise in the level of spring groundwater, they are washed out. In such cases, a solid layer of soil can lie at great depths, which makes it impossible to use pile technology.
It is very difficult, but still possible to build a foundation in a swamp. (monolithic slab) suitable for swampy areas. Such a base plate has a one-piece design, which prevents the parts of the house from shifting, thereby eliminating the destruction of walls and possible distortions. Horizontal movements of the soil will not produce a destructive effect on the slab, it will "float" along with the soil, while maintaining the integrity of the structure.
Such a foundation is built on a crushed stone embankment in order to reduce the impact of nearby groundwater.
There is an approximate list of materials and tools that you will need:
First of all, you will have to do both clearing and leveling the building site. Due to the risk of flooding, it should not be buried. The entire site is covered with large gravel to a height not exceeding 1 m. Instead of gravel, various construction waste can also be used. The so-called bedding is aged and compacted naturally for a long time: at least 1 year. However, crushed stone can be compacted mechanically and rolled using heavy equipment. After that, it's time to do the leveling and concrete preparation. At this stage, a removable formwork is made from boards, which is subsequently poured with a thin layer of concrete.
The formwork should be slightly larger than. Concrete must be leveled and left to harden for several days. When the allotted time has elapsed, polystyrene foam (5-10 cm) or Penoplex insulation boards are placed on the concrete preparation. A layer of geotextile is laid on top, its strips are fastened together using a hot welding machine. During fastening, it is necessary to ensure that the overlap of the material is at least 10 cm. Geotextile is a substrate for waterproofing, it creates an obstacle to its damage in case of destruction of the concrete preparation.
Polymer diffusion film membranes act as rolled waterproofing. The high waterproofing qualities of this material protect the foundation in the swamp from the penetration of capillary and groundwater. Due to their vapor-permeable structure, film membranes can remove moisture from the foundation. Rolling out the film should be done on the prepared surface and start from its edge. You need to be very careful not to form wrinkles and distortions. Film strips are fastened by welding. For welding, both a building hair dryer and a welding machine for polymer roll waterproofing are suitable. When welding, two parallel seams are made, an air pocket must be made between them, it serves as a check for the tightness of the welds. It is also necessary to weld the ends of the pocket. For greater reliability, it is better to check: pierce the air pocket and insert the needle of the compressor hose, pump it with air. After pumping, you need to wait about 20 minutes, during which time a correctly made seam should not be blown away.
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After the manipulations, geotextiles are placed on top of the rolled waterproofing, its seams are also welded. On top of the geotextile, it is necessary to make a coating of a dense polyethylene film and, using double-sided tape, glue its joints correctly. This multi-layer coating ensures the sliding of the foundation slab on the base, helps to protect the concrete from mechanical point loads and moisture infiltration. Next, formwork is made. it is possible both from boards and with the help of insulating non-removable shields. The outer side of the formwork should be supported by braces either from boards or from bars: this is necessary to prevent deformation of the slab. If the formwork is removable, then it is fastened with nails or self-tapping screws, they must be positioned so that the protruding parts “look” outward. The level of pouring the concrete mass must be marked on the formwork.
The slab foundation in the swamp implies the presence of reinforcement with increased strength. The use of a corrugated bar is mandatory: it guarantees a reliable and durable coupling of the concrete solution and the reinforcing mesh. The diameter of the reinforcing bar should vary between 12-16 cm. The reinforcing bar is cut according to the dimensions of the foundation, after which it is laid on plastic guides, thus forming a grid in 15 cm increments. The manufactured reinforcement is connected using a special wire and a hook.
The pouring of concrete must be done once, so that there are no seams. You should know that it is in the places of the seams that the deformation of the foundation in the swamp appears first of all. At this stage, you should not save and it is best to fill with specialized equipment. The concrete mixture poured into the formwork must be “pierced” with a deep vibrator, this process is aimed at removing air bubbles, which subsequently create weak spots and sinks in the foundation. To give the foundation surface perfect evenness, it is necessary to make additional processing of concrete with a vibrating screed.
Non-drying marshy soil with moisture-loving vegetation that can be systematically moistened is not the most favorable place for building a house frame. The close location of groundwater creates seasonal fluctuations in soils, especially during the period of spring warming. Modern construction technologies can solve the problem of how to organize a foundation in a swamp so that it can withstand the load of a house.
What is swampy land? This is an area with a porous structure, which is 90% water. The rest of the percentage is formed by randomly located particles of minerals - peat, sand, clay. The unsystematic order of occurrence of rocks does not allow calculating the load on the soil.
Soil surveys on the site will help to identify the following characteristics of the terrain:
The data obtained make it possible to determine the physical properties of the layers, their thickness and depth, and to characterize changes in the soil over the past few years. On the basis of geological expertise, it is possible to choose which foundation to build in the swampy area. 
Go deep into details geodetic surveys summer residents is not advisable. Private developers need to carry out a number of simple measures:
Research and determination of the type of soil provide for the determination of the change in GWL. 
The volume of groundwater varies throughout the year. During the thaw period, their number increases significantly. The lowest GWL was recorded in winter. A high aquifer imposes restrictions on the construction of a frame in a swampy place. Moisture concentration at the level of 2 meters or less poses a threat of flooding of trenches, pits, mold in the house, basement. A clear algorithm of work will help minimize the impact of springs on the life of the foundation.
Base designed for wetlands. Supporting elements - piles that are driven into the soil. A pile foundation in a swamp allows you to solve the problem of heaving, instability of the upper layer of the earth, and allows you to smooth out the unevenness and inclination of the territory.
The advantages of the building:
It is rational to use a pile foundation in swampy, unstable terrain with a high level of groundwater. There are several limitations to consider when choosing a support structure:
The average depth of the well pit is 10-15 m. To mount the pile frame at a high level of groundwater, use poles with a length of at least 25 m. You need to drive the piles until they fit snugly into the ground.
Performance construction works allowed at any time of the year.
High speed of erection, resistance to soil vibrations allow to increase the service life of the structure. 
The construction was widely used for the construction of a monolithic stone building. Concrete slabs are resistant to temperature changes and loads.
The problem of a high level of groundwater is solved with the help of a sand and gravel pad located at the base of a monolithic slab, buried to the level of soil freezing. Rocks let spring streams pass below the place of occurrence, which prevents deformation. The sequence of technological steps will create a solid slab foundation in the swamp.
The foundation in the swamp of monolithic slabs is an expensive type of construction. Changes in soil heaving will not affect the reliability and strength of the frame. Therefore, the tiled foundation is mainly used for swampy terrain. 
A shallow foundation for a house is suitable for building small timber frame structures. The peculiarity of the type of supporting structure is that the depth of the masonry is higher than the level of soil freezing. When equipping the tape, you need to take into account a number of nuances:
Ease of installation and low cost make the tape popular as a foundation on swampy soil.
Dampness, moisture have a destructive effect on the frame. It is difficult to predict how soil density will change over time. Use waterproofing systems to avoid the effects of heaving on the ground. When choosing the type of foundation that will be located on soft marshy terrain, focus on climatic conditions location, facility type and budget.
The erection of buildings on swampy and heaving soils can be carried out only after a thorough study of the state and varieties of soil layers in a particular area, determining the depth of groundwater and the correct choice of foundation design.
What kind of foundation is best in swampy areas? For low-rise buildings of individual development in wetlands and heaving soils, two types of house foundation structures are used:
On soils with a shallow water depth, it is allowed to build small one-story buildings on in the presence of a water outlet.
In every separate case the correct choice of design and materials used for this is determined on the basis of geodetic and geophysical studies. Their result should be data on the characteristics of the soils on the site, the possibility of flooding and the groundwater level (GWL) at the time of their maximum rise, as well as information on the depth of hard and dense soil layers.
A geological study of a building site can cost you from 30 to 50 thousand rubles, which may seem like an unnecessary expense. However, it is not.
Conducting a thorough site survey will increase the reliability of the building under construction and significantly reduce future operating costs.
You can reduce the cost of surveying if you purchase a test drilling pile and screw it into the ground in several places to obtain data on the depth of the dense bearing layer. You will learn about the achievement of a dense layer by the changed physical load on the control lever when twisting the metal pile.
In case of independent geological surveys, it is advisable to arrange deep drainage with water drainage at several square meters, and then dig a hole up to a depth of 1.5 meters there. So you can get a more complete picture of the condition and composition of the soil.
For a massive residential building made of bricks or with a pitched roof and an attic, it should be ensured that it rests on dense bearing layers of soil. In the construction of two-story buildings, such a system is economically justified, since it has the best bearing capacity.
SVF plan. The fundamental arrangement of a foundation in a swampy area for a residential building should be based on the normative calculation and installation of the required number of concrete, bored or screw piles. Connected by a grillage into a single carrier system, they will ensure reliable support of the entire building structure on solid layers below the bottom of the swamp.
The cost of a foundation on swampy soil using concrete piles will be significantly higher than that of tape and "floating" slab systems, since special construction equipment will have to be used to complete the work. But, depending on the type and number of piles installed, such a scheme can withstand the weight of a two- or three-story brick residential building without subsidence for many years.
If the depth of the solid ground does not exceed three meters, then metal screw piles can be used for the foundation. Their use reduces the cost of the foundation, but reduces the bearing capacity of the structure. In addition, their use is limited by the installation depth.
As a material for the load-bearing walls of a residential building on a screw pile foundation, you will have to use a hollow brick or wood, with additional external foam insulation. At the same time, using screw piles, you can make a foundation in a swamp with your own hands, without inviting contractors for this.
To install screw piles in a swampy area, the top layer of soil over the entire building area, with the addition of 0.5 meters to each outer axis, must be removed to a depth of 50-60 cm. After that, install the piles, screwing them according to the design scheme. Cover the bottom with geotextile and cover with gravel-sand mixture not lower than the ground level.
In cases where the layer of relatively solid soil on the surface is more than 0.8 meters, and the depth to the bottom of the swamp does not exceed 2.5 meters, it becomes possible to build a foundation in the form. This type of soil can be found on old peat bogs, dried lakes and swamps.
The main advantages of such a support system include high strength and rigidity of the bearing concrete slab, which will not heel and is mobile in the presence of heaving soils. In winter, when the ground freezes, it will simply rise with it without causing any damage. building structures building.
The cost of installing a "floating" monolithic slab is 20-30% cheaper than pile systems while maintaining the same durability and reliability.
A slab is a simpler and less expensive base for a small frame-type residential building, as well as made of light and wooden building materials. It is also possible to make such a foundation on a not very swampy area yourself. For this you need:
Construction work on the construction of walls on such a foundation for a house in a swamp can begin no earlier than six months later. This holding time is necessary so that the lower layers of the soil can be compacted under their own weight.
It should be noted that the "floating" slab must be waterproofed and expanded polystyrene at the ends, along with an insulated blind area around the entire house. This will reduce the heat loss of the building to the ground and ensure the durability of the structures.
It is the most low-budget option for private development. Such a foundation for a house in a swampy area is used at a high level of groundwater, if, as a result of geological studies, it was found that sand layers with a depth of at least 1.5 meters are located closer to the surface and the freezing depth does not exceed 1 meter. If at least one of these conditions is not met, then it is better to immediately abandon such a foundation structure.
MZLF scheme. A similar structure of soils can be found in floodplains, lowlands, near dried-up lakes and swamps. In such places, soil moisture and its swampiness are no longer determined. high level groundwater and swampiness, but the presence of reservoirs.
For the successful completion of the construction of a house on a shallow strip foundation, it is possible subject to the following conditions:
All such activities lead to a general increase in the cost of construction, and therefore, you should first calculate everything and make sure that the savings on the tape structure will not be eaten up by the costs of drainage, wells and additional landscaping.
Foundation drainage. If you are having problems with geological surveys and it is difficult to determine the type of foundation you need, then just check the depth of the water table. To do this, dig a vertical hole to a depth of a meter and if no water is found, then choose a “floating” slab foundation. It is cheaper than a pile and is not inferior to it in terms of reliability. And you can do it yourself, without involving contractors from a construction organization.
But first consult with a specialist on site
The area starts from a checkpoint.
Everyone knows this. Enter the area in different ways. You can bribe bribes.
But that won't protect you from the background image. You find a gap in the surrounding area. But that doesn't mean you won't enter the minefield when you cross the spike.
You can hire an unskilled worker to another group of explorers to present in the area and on the road as if by chance turning in the wrong direction. But this will not save you from the bloodshed that lies between the ruins. And also, if you're lucky, it's unfathomable that the Blind Dog Acid Fog Pack gets past the wrong way, another Ejection occurs on schedule, not a day earlier when no one is waiting, and the shadow from Dark Stalker will not be affected, however, thinks you're already dead.
Because everything starts. The region lives in accordance with its own laws which cannot be considered. It's just so real...
When buying a land plot for the construction of a building, it is necessary to take into account the location of groundwater, and whether this site was previously swampy. Unfortunately, it is not always possible to recognize the “dangerous” zone in time, and sometimes not a high price or a picturesque corner of nature makes us, turning a blind eye to a glaring shortcoming, still acquire a swampy area.
In fact, everything is not so bad, modern construction technologies make it possible to erect buildings even in wetlands, or in close proximity to groundwater.
Swampy soil has a heterogeneous, multi-layered structure, consisting of loam, sand, peat. This is a very capricious, insidious soil for a building, since its different layers have different densities and water saturation. For the house to serve you for many years, you need a strong and high-quality foundation.
Before you start building a foundation in a swamp with your own hands, you need to land plot conduct geological studies of the soil, and you must approach this issue with all seriousness, since a lot will depend on this.
With the help of a hand probe, it is necessary to drill several wells in the area for construction and take rock samples.
This is best done in the spring when the soil is most saturated with moisture. Since it is almost impossible to independently assess the condition of the soil, contact an engineering company for accurate readings.
Attention!
Be sure to consider the depth of freezing! The foundation, located at a shallow depth, where the soil freezes, begins to collapse very quickly. This is due to the fact that water expands when freezing, breaking the structure of the soil and foundation material.
For a small log building, the depth of the wells should be more than five meters, and for heavy structures, brick or stone - at least eight meters.
Based on the information obtained as a result of the research, you can determine which type of foundation suits you best.
The foundation is the most costly and time-consuming part of the building, and if you decide to build a foundation that will be located in a swamp with your own hands, you should not save on materials and services of professional geologists.
The pile type of foundation is designed specifically for construction in "problem" areas.
This type of construction has a number of advantages over the others.
The pile foundation is the least expensive.
2. This construction allows significant unevenness of the site and uneven soil. The use of piles of different sizes allows you to smooth out strong slopes.
Special processing of piles in production makes them resistant to corrosion, which is extremely necessary when building a foundation in a swamp with your own hands, since they will be used in a rather aggressive environment.
4. The speed of construction. You don't have to make allowances for the weather, and the pile foundation itself won't take long, as you don't have to wait for the concrete to dry and harden.
Strength and durability.
Due to the peculiarities of its design, it will serve you without strong shrinkage for a very long time, even with such capricious and unstable soil.
For work in wetlands, piles with a length of at least twenty-five meters are used.
There are two ways to immerse them in the soil: indentation, as well as vibration immersion. For the first case, driven piles are used, and for the second, screw piles. The most important thing is that the base of the pile enters a stable area of \u200b\u200bground, bypassing groundwater and sand. The binding of such a foundation is made of reinforced concrete supports.
The slab foundation is indispensable if you decide to build a solid stone house, as it can withstand heavy loads and sudden temperature changes.
It is, of course, much more expensive than all other structures, but its arrangement is such that the uniform distribution of the mass of the entire building to the surface will not allow the structure to sink under the influence of various weather conditions (soil freezing), and the sand and gravel cushion located at its base will easily let groundwater through, below the building itself without harming it. Such monoliths are also called drift foundation. Before you start building such a foundation in a swamp with your own hands, you need to carefully prepare the place.
Clear the site for construction of all kinds of vegetation, such as trees, shrubs, windbreak, if any.
2. Dig a pit for the future foundation. On swampy soils, it is not necessary to remove a large layer of earth. The basement device is excluded.
3. Carry out work to drain the pit. If the water is not too a large number of, you can use a drainage system, but with an abundance of moisture, it is sometimes necessary to use pumps.
Lay a layer of sand on the bottom of the drained pit and compact it well. From above, the sand is covered with a layer of gravel. Thus, you will build a sand cushion that does not allow groundwater to wash away the foundation of your house.
5. Cover sand and gravel with two to three layers of waterproofing material, such as roofing felt.
6. Make a formwork for pouring concrete mix.
The size of the monolith should be commensurate with the perimeter of the future structure. To correctly calculate the thickness of such a foundation, contact the experts. You should not act, relying only on your own strength and knowledge.
Build a reinforcing frame of metal rods with a thickness of at least twelve millimeters.
8. Prepare the required volume of concrete solution and pour it into the formwork.
Make sure that the pouring of concrete takes place evenly, avoid the formation of voids.
9. The resulting slab should harden well and dry out within a few days, under favorable weather conditions.
After the slab has dried, dismantle the used formwork.
It is also called shallow. If you decide to build a foundation of this type in a swamp with your own hands, you need to know that in comparison with the above structures, this is the most inexpensive foundation, but it is suitable only for light wooden structures.
Its effectiveness is due to the excellent drainage system and the removal of excess moisture.
Having previously cleared the place for construction, we begin to lay the foundation.
1. In order to lay this type of foundation, follow a scheme similar to that of a monolithic one, only instead of a foundation pit, you will have to dig a trench of the desired shape around the perimeter of the future building.
As in the previous case, a sand cushion is poured.
3. The formwork and reinforcing frame are constructed according to the shape of the trench.
4. Take care of an effective outflow of water, build drainage.
5. Pour the concrete solution and wait for it to dry.
6. After drying and dismantling the formwork, make the necessary waterproofing.
The foundation in the swamp, made by yourself, is ready, you can start building walls.
If you did everything right, observing all the necessary measures, then the saying: “my house is my fortress” will come true for you.
Good luck with your building.
We bring to your attention a video about the features of the foundation of a house on marshy ground, what problems you will encounter and how to solve them.
A house can be built in any area. It is good if there is stable soil and the installation of the foundation can be carried out according to the usual standard norms and requirements. Another thing is unstable, swampy soils. Here, additional costs are required not only for equipment, but also for proper design, taking into account the specificity of the construction site.
Marshy terrain is not the best base for building. But even here, subject to all the norms and requirements, you can bring out a high-quality strong foundation that will serve as a reliable foundation for the house for many years. The main requirement is the correct technology for building foundations on unstable, wet soil.
The article details which foundation to choose for a foundation on swampy soil when planning construction in such a problematic place.
Swampy soil is not an easy foundation for a foundation. In this case, two types of foundations can be applied: pile and slab.
The pile foundation is reinforced with metal or concrete piles, the slab foundation is made in the form of a monolithic reinforced concrete slab, which is poured onto a sand-granite cushion.
The slab foundation is designed to ensure a uniform load of the building on the entire base of the slab.
Such a base can withstand heavy loads and is used not only in individual, but also in industrial construction.
Slab technology is applicable on heavily waterlogged soils, unevenly compressible soils, with a high groundwater approach.
However, the disadvantage of such a foundation is the inexpediency of installing it in places of slopes. If there is even a slight slope, the plate can “slide”. The special advantages of the slab foundation include its high bearing capacity. The only drawback here is the increased consumption of materials, which for individual construction is a very painful fact.
To fill such a foundation foundation, many times more reinforcement and concrete will be required than when installing a foundation on solid soils, which, of course, will entail an increase in the entire final cost of construction.
Installing a pile foundation in a swampy area is more reasonable and has its own plus in the direction of uneven terrain.
Piles can be placed in any hard-to-reach place, on slopes, on any technically difficult soil. Among the advantages of the foundation on piles is not only its installation in hard-to-reach areas with difficult terrain and unstable soil, the advantage is the speed of installation of piles and an acceptable price.
The opinion that a pile foundation is more suitable for small, lightweight structures is incorrect. With an increase in the number of supports, the highest bearing capacity of the base is achieved, which is in no way inferior to the parameters of the slab base.
However, this will increase the cost of such a foundation and its cost will be equal to the slab. When building reinforced, heavy structures, this fact should always be taken into account when it comes to the economy of the pile foundation.
At the first stage of construction, a full-scale study of the soil is carried out.
For this, a manual probe can be used; with its help, soil samples are taken. This method is used in the construction of light wooden buildings and structures.
The probe is lowered into a well 5 m deep. At capital construction stone or brick houses require serious geological exploration.
At the same time, the depth of measurements is 8-10 m. The wells for measurements are located at the corners of the future structure. There should be at least four such soundings (wells). Determine the indicators of the composition of the soil and the depth of its layers; level, amount and composition of groundwater. Another indicator is needed - this is the freezing point of the soil.
The upper layers of marshy soil are mainly peat.
Clay and sandstone may follow. Peat is a porous, absolutely loose material with low compressive strength and increased instability. With a small layer thickness, peat is removed and the base of the foundation is placed on the lower hard rocks. This is a shallow base. Its feature is the location of the slab under the foundation above the freezing point of the soil.
This base is suitable for light buildings.
A shallow foundation is arranged so that it can rise and fall slightly during the heaving processes occurring in the ground.
Thanks to this, it does not crack and retains its shape. This foundation does not apply to brick and stone houses. If the peat layer on the construction site is deep enough (more than 5 meters), it is necessary to apply foundation reinforcement with piles.
Not only the peat layer is a problem when building a foundation on swampy soil.
The second problem is close groundwater. There are two ways to deal with this problem:
The drainage system helps to significantly reduce the level of groundwater. To drain water from the construction site, trenches are dug to a depth of about two meters, the entire drainage system is led to drainage wells. A layer of rubble is poured into the trench, drainage pipes are laid on it. Drained water from wells is pumped out by submersible pumps.
To raise the site, it is necessary to make an embankment of stone and sand.
To do this, remove the upper, weak layer of soil and cover the site with a layer of stone and sand. Such an embankment is carefully compacted and rammed with rollers.
The slab foundation must be made in accordance with all standards according to the following basic scheme:
Depth 1 m.
The scheme of installation of the slab foundation
The main thing here is piles.
They can only be reinforced concrete and combined. There are three types of piles:
Bored piles with asbestos-cement formwork are installed only when draining the supporting soil layer.
They have a fairly good bearing capacity. Screw metal piles are somewhat inferior to bored piles in terms of their bearing characteristics, but they have high installation qualities: quick and easy installation, ease of transportation.
Scheme of the foundation of bored piles
A distinctive feature of screw supports is the ability to build them up to the required length.
Driven piles are installed using pile driving equipment. At the same time, it is not always possible to use heavy equipment in individual construction.
The main criteria in calculating the number of supporting piles are the type and magnitude of the load. Regardless of the variety, piles can be installed in the following order:
All calculations of the length and volume of piles are performed according to geological exploration data in accordance with building standards and regulations.
The lower ends of the piles should rest against dense soil. It should be noted that on each of the considered grounds, any residential building in a swampy area can be installed. Any of the building technologies is suitable for building a house, restrictions can only be related to the operating conditions of the building being built.
In conclusion, it should be noted that not all Construction Materials suitable for buildings in wet areas. For example, at high humidity, it is not recommended to use foam concrete, expanded clay concrete, aerated concrete due to the strong hygroscopicity of the material.
The bar is also not the most best material. On swampy areas, it is best to build brick, stone or frame houses. But the most important thing is to lay the foundation correctly and absolutely accurately. To a greater extent, it is thanks to this that a house built according to all the rules will last a long time and reliably.
House in the swamp... One of these phrases sounds like the name of an evil romance.
Obviously, people did not satisfy themselves well in places that are not suitable for living. But, as they say, how many people, so many opinions. Now a return to nature has become a sustainable trend in modern landscape design. Some are a little surprised by the banal “return” and tend to amaze the audience with castles where a man has been walking for a long time and did not want to.
Someone may ask passionately: they are creating artificial swamps in Europe, they have no money for this purpose! At the same time, the create keyword goes into the background.
And in vain! Those who want to place their frog in the original jungle must remember that the clouds are not guests. And no closure will help, and chemistry will be powerless. You can feel a person at a distance of three kilometers. Well, constantly building quakewatch will make that "irregular" sound ring in your ears.
Of course, artificial mowing of animals in Europe, and especially in most cases, is a kind of aesthetic that borders on masochism.
Now - the main thing.
Those who nevertheless decided to test their strength and how to return to the basics, build a house in a swamp, you should know that the soil problem is different: in mountain peat moss, sedge, Fen-grain, mixed, etc.
Each hole requires its own holes. First, a careful search for a suitable site must be done, as a scenic view often sprawls where you cannot build it. A respected expert panel of experts thoroughly examines the soil and makes recommendations on foundation technologies, free of charge.
The only "economy" is that it is not recommended to regulate the basement due to close groundwater. By the way, this function will significantly complicate the design and affect its time. For example, spring will need to be missed. One must wait for the time when inevitably the groundwater is affected by the unpredictable winter and summer of the past.
And yet this is not a serious problem, although in order to solve it, it is necessary to regulate the stationary drainage system - drains, pipes, etc.
The real mystery is choosing a kind of foundation.
Traditional technology, a house in the attic and the so-called floating platform. Those who seek to optimize this process will prefer less guaranteed "inherited" methods. This is true, and this will require additional investments: asbestos-cement boards, stones, drainage pipes, special gluing solutions. Save money? Hardly! No matter how she swallowed it, she did not take the mother into the womb during her sucking flood.
You can go for a more "sustainable" option - a house in attics.
But there are more questions than answers. Saws don't need ordinary soldiers. Special Order? You need a profiled method. Are we hiring artists? Three and the location of the place to work? In addition, swampy soil is characterized by swelling and narrowing. Thus, daytime fliers cannot "walk" forever to be able to tell.
Finally, the most reliable option is floating land.
The “sole” here is a monolithic plate covering the entire area under the house. This is a kind of artistic scale. The simplicity and effort is incredible. In addition, no one can stop the swelling and shrinkage of the vertical swamp.
So, sheepskin, this return to natural immunization may not be worth the candle.
And the ancestors never aspired to breathe not particularly active marsh air, and instead of bread to grow something - for undemanding grain. If absolutely necessary. Well, if someone is constantly looking absolutely swampy, this idea with a smile, with the help of a cartoon allegory: Baba Yaga, in this case, not against him!
We have repeatedly written about various types of foundations, about how to build, insulate, reinforce them, how the foundation design depends on the type of soil on the site, etc. But when it is planned to build a house, many simply have no time to understand all the intricacies of construction. Everyone wants an answer to their specific question.
In this article, we will look at a topic that is relevant to many choice of foundation on swampy drained soils.
Of course, it is not worth making a foundation in such a swamp as in the photo on the left.
We must say right away that laying the foundation on such soils is the most costly. You will have to spend money not only on a strong reinforced foundation, but also on its serious insulation and on the creation of a reliable drainage system.
Let's start in order.
There are three types of foundations:
All three types can be built in swampy areas, but with a specific technology.
Consider each type of foundation and design for such soils.
This is the most reliable and optimal foundation for such soil conditions, which has recently been gaining more and more popularity.
As the name implies, it is a monolithic reinforced slab.
It is possible to lay such a foundation for any buildings - garages, summer cottages, light frame and heavy brick houses.
The main advantage of the slab foundation is that its bearing capacity is practically independent of the type of soil under it. Whether it is a drained swamp, bulk or heaving soil, the slab will securely hold the whole house and prevent it from collapsing.
Such a foundation is often called a floating foundation.
The thing is that when the soil shrinks or heaves, the slab rises and falls with it, so there are no destructive forces in the walls of the house.
This foundation can be compared to a raft on the water. No matter how strong the waves will be. The raft will always remain intact if properly assembled.
Another advantage of such a foundation is that it is the floor of the first floor.
It is enough to insulate it or lay the so-called warm floors. How to lay wooden floors or how electric and water heated floors are arranged can be found in our articles located in the "Floors" section.
But as always, miracles do not happen. Such a foundation is the most material-intensive and expensive.
We will not consider in detail the design of a slab floating foundation in this article. For each type of building, the slab will be of different thicknesses and designs.
Some plates need to be insulated, for example, for a residential building, while others, for example for a garage, do not need such insulation.
Slab foundation for aerated concrete house
Foundation - monolithic slab for a garage
This is the most common base, with the design of which many are familiar.
Traditionally, such a foundation was laid to the depth of freezing of the soil in order to avoid the effects of frost heaving forces. Such a depth of laying is justified if you are going to make a basement or basement. But what about the swampy water-saturated area.
First. You need to understand that making a basement on swampy soils with such a foundation is undesirable.
Water will sooner or later penetrate into it, no matter what waterproofing you do.
Second. Burying the foundation to the freezing depth is not at all necessary, especially on such soils. Now there is a strip base design, in which the laying depth is higher than the seasonal freezing point. Such a foundation is called shallow.
A shallow laying depth is achieved by excavating subsiding soil, installing a sand cushion, insulating the soil around the foundation and installing a drainage system.
Thanks to the insulation, the ground under the foundation freezes to a shallower depth, and drainage system drains the soil under the entire structure. And as you know, heaving of the soil occurs when the water in it freezes. Thus, we remove water from under the base or prevent the soil from freezing, but rather both together.
The main advantage is the lower material consumption, with high reliability.
Since the soil is swampy, then to stiffen the structure, shallow foundation must be monolithic and reinforced.
When these conditions are met, it turns out, as it were, a floating foundation, similar in its properties and principle to a slab foundation.
The design is discussed in more detail in the article “Shallow-buried strip foundation”
This type of foundation is considered the most economical and prefabricated. It represents pillars buried in the ground, which is why it is often called columnar.
For ordinary non-marshy areas, such piles are installed at the depth of seasonal freezing.
For swampy areas, this approach is wrong.
Many will ask why?
It's all about the soil, which is typical for swampy soils. As a rule, these are subsiding soils, peat bogs, which can be strongly compressed under the pressure of the foundation.
Look at the picture below, which schematically shows a house in a drained swamp. The base of the pillars is at a freezing depth. As you can see, under one pillar there is a small layer of peat 40 cm, and under another 80 cm.
In this particular case, when wet and under the weight of the house, peat will begin to shrink strongly.
The degree of its compression reaches 50%. It turns out that one pile entered the ground by 20 cm and the other by 40 cm. The final difference was 20 cm.
What do you think will happen to the house in this case?
Therefore, there is one very important rule.
Pile and column foundations in the swamp must be installed on solid ground. In our example, 40 and 80 centimeters lower.
There is nothing wrong with different lengths of piles. The main thing is that they have a solid support.
To find a solid support in a swampy area, it is necessary to study the soil under the future building. Doing it yourself is quite difficult.
So for small frame or log houses, it is necessary to select the soil at the corners of the future structure to a depth of 5 m. For heavier stone houses, the depth of research increases to 8-10 m.
Even if you managed to remove the soil from the desired depths, it is quite difficult to make an assessment outside the laboratory. The error will be quite high, which in turn will lead to an overrun of materials.
If we were not able to convince you and you firmly decided to build a house on a swampy area yourself using columnar foundations, then you need to start by studying the soil.
This is one of the most important steps.
According to the method of installation, there are several varieties of such a base.
Screw piles.
They are screwed into the ground using mechanized equipment or manually. Recently, they are gaining popularity due to the speed of installation and ease of installation.
Read more in the article "Installation of screw piles"
Poles made using a drill.
This is the most economical pile manufacturing technology. To do this, you need a drill, with which holes of the required depth and width are made in the soil.
In a swamp, where the depth of the hard layers of the earth can reach more than 10 m, when using a hand drill, difficulties may arise, because it is quite difficult to drill with it more than 2 m. Equipment that is often used for drilling wells under water can come to the rescue.
Stuffed piles.
They are mainly used for the construction of high-rise buildings, more rarely for the construction of cottages.
The principle of installation is quite simple. They take a finished reinforced concrete pile, which is driven into the ground to the desired depth.
It is impossible to drive thick reinforced piles into the ground manually, therefore special installations are used, which makes the use of stuffed piles for private housing construction costly and impractical.
We hope we have covered the topic of installing and choosing a foundation in a swamp quite widely.
