The growing need for housing leads to the fact that many families settle down near large cities. They acquire land for their own construction or buy finished houses in cottage villages. Favorable and practical in this case were houses built - artificially created concrete, which has a large-cell structure.
The construction of a house begins with the preparation of a project, which includes architectural and design solutions from designers and owners. A photo of houses from foam blocks will help you with this.
Advanced modern material for the construction of walls, which can have different sizes with lung condition weight. Practice shows that the most demanded are projects two-storey houses from foam blocks. This is explained:
project of a two-story house from foam blocks
In the project of two-story houses made of foam blocks, most often on the first floor there is a kitchen, a living room and household rooms, and on the second floor there are several bedrooms. If desired, such a project can be changed or redone. The project of a two-story house made of foam blocks is economical. An effective option is the construction of walls from foam blocks, making up a thickness of approximately 375-400 mm. This includes the thickness of the block, an air ventilation layer of 3-4 cm, capable of removing moisture from the pores. To guarantee thermal conductivity and, aesthetics and practicality, the house is faced with bricks. Between the cladding layer and the blocks, if desired, a layer of insulation is laid. Such a capital structure will serve more than one generation of residents.
A more economical option is to build load-bearing walls of foam concrete with further coating with facade plaster. As a heater, in this case, mineral wool or another type of insulation can serve. Photos of houses made of foam blocks with brick or plaster cladding are available on the construction portal on the Internet.
Looking at numerous photos of houses made of foam blocks, you involuntarily fall in love with beautiful and spectacular buildings made of cellular concrete. Houses of 2 floors have special beauty and amazing compactness. On the small area houses an unusually shaped structure with a terrace, spiers, and lanterns. This arrangement gives the house an amazing and original look. At the bottom there is a cover for parking a car. One-story foam block houses lined with silicate bricks look spectacular. In this case, not knowing the composition of the walls, we can assume that the structure was built from a different material.
Foam concrete houses are considered very warm and comfortable. Foam concrete is a non-combustible material that can be processed without restrictions. It can be sawn, drilled, milled, made arches, cut holes for sockets, electrical wiring, pipes. This material has durability, in many of its characteristics, it resembles wood. The foam material is very light and does not even sink in water. Therefore, the walls of houses made of foam concrete are lightweight, which does not require massive and heavy foundations. Thanks to the cellular structure, the houses of their foam blocks absorb noise well and retain heat. The main practicality of cellular concrete is its speed of erection.
Foam concrete blocks make it possible to build very high-quality housing, as they have a number of important advantages. Here is a partial list:Foam blocks are very easy to use. The technology for the construction of foam concrete buildings does not require special skills of builders and the use of any equipment. It is also easy to buy this material, it is widely distributed in all regions, and it is inexpensive.
Before ordering a house project, you need to determine where on the site it will be located. The location of the entrances to the cottage, and its entire layout, will depend on this. In addition, you must immediately calculate what size the house should be. When determining the dimensions of the future building, one should take into account the number of family members who will live in it, and their financial capabilities. Another important parameter is the number of floors. Having a final decision regarding the location, size and number of storeys of the cottage, you will be able to choose the perfect project for yourself with a suitable layout and in the desired architectural style.
Recently, it has become very popular to build a house with your own hands. This is not only profitable, but also pleasant: it gives one more reason to be proud of yourself. And lovers of mysticism argue that such a house will have a special positive aura. But let's leave the lyrics. Quite real benefits there is - you decide how to arrange the rooms in the house and, of course, save a lot on labor.
Foam blocks have a number of advantages over other building materials. The combination of the following characteristics makes this material universal:
You should start with a plan for placing a house on the site. Determine the most sunny and shady sides. It should be borne in mind that by providing large windows on the side of the sun, you will provide several rooms with increased illumination and warmth. Based on what financial opportunities you have, consider the dimensions of the future home. The 9×9 project is a typical, most popular option. Such dimensions make it possible to conveniently arrange rooms on the first and second floors. Below is an example of a ground floor plan.
This plan provides for the location (in the given sequence, from south to north) of the boiler room, bathroom, hall and hallway or vestibule in the western wing of the first floor. The right wing is one huge room, with a conditional division (without a wall in the center) into a kitchen-dining room (southern part) and a living room (western part of the room).
In an individual project, you can include everything that fantasy craves - an attached garage, a functional basement where you can place a workshop, Personal Area, a hobby room or an entire gym. Now the attic on the second floor has become very fashionable. For those who do not know, the attic is something like a residential attic, equipped in houses with a mansard roof. Like those residential structures that we are used to seeing in Hollywood films, where they often show a family living in a two-story house, where the attic is almost always a teenager's room. You don’t need these clichés, so you can arrange anything in the attic - a billiard room, a library, a trophy room, a collection room if you are fond of collecting anything.
In the picture below you will find another version of the ground floor project, more detailed, with the study of some interior elements, household items, furniture.
When developing a project, consider a few nuances:
1. Calculate the thickness of the walls. building codes it is assumed that a masonry of 10 millimeters can withstand a mass of 10 tons. Determine the weight of roofing materials, ceilings. Since foam concrete has high thermal insulation properties, walls with a thickness of 300 millimeters will be quite enough for your comfort. Such walls will not yield to brickwork in strength and at the same time will surpass it in terms of heat retention.
2. Have a family council. Let everyone express their wishes on the subject of how many rooms they want to see in the new house and how they would like to arrange them. Try not to offend anyone, while keeping in mind the practical points: the rooms for the elderly should be on the first floor if you have big family, it would not hurt to make two bathrooms, etc. Find a modern design computer program. Having understood it properly, you will not only simplify the process of drafting a project and calculating all the necessary quantities (the number of building materials, overall parameters, etc.), but you will also be able to arrange a real walk around your future home, examining in detail every millimeter of what you have designed and created artificial intelligence of three-dimensional space. In this way, you can find out whether your plan will really create a comfortable home. In the figure below you will see an example of a virtual project of the ground floor.
3. Carefully consider the location of windows and doorways. Be sure to mark them on the project drawing. Turn on your fantasy. Try to imagine how lit the rooms will be, how comfortable it will be to move around them.
4. Very important point- stairs to the second floor. It can be straight or curved. The last option will save space, which is important. It is desirable that the steps are not too high. There were mistakes, thanks to which it was difficult even for a young man to climb the stairs to the second floor without the help of hands.
5. Select the type of roofing material. Do not forget - most of the heat leaves the housing through the roof; take care of its multilayer insulation.
6. Floors must be warm. To do this, you can use traditional, familiar methods, and innovative methods including safe electrical heating.
There are many options, it all depends on your financial capabilities. Often for exterior finish facade choose siding, tiles or facing bricks. Recently, facade plaster has become very popular. This material creates additional heat and sound insulation protection for the house. In interior decoration, the range of possible materials is infinitely wide - from drywall to tiles. Here you should focus on your personal taste as well as practicality and aesthetic appeal. Below is another version of the project and a photo of the finished house.
Your project should take into account the convenient location of the water supply, sewerage system, electricity and gas, ventilation ducts, in general, all the elements of communications needed in the home of a modern person.
The last stage is the development of landscape design for your site. Decide on the location of economic facilities. You can build a gazebo, a bathhouse, a building for livestock, determine a plot for a vegetable garden and a garden. Do not forget to comply with fire and sanitary safety regulations.
Self-construction of a house is a difficult and responsible process. First, the material from which the new building will be erected is selected. Currently, foam blocks have gained popularity. If we consider the construction of houses from foam blocks with our own hands, it turns out that this material is excellent for these purposes.
do-it-yourself foam block house without experience. A photo
Before starting construction, consider foam block house plans and choose the best one for your family. Houses can be of different heights, layouts and sizes. Among the presented projects, there is sure to be the most comfortable home.
The first project of a foam block house is small building. On the lower floor there is a kitchen combined with a living room, and on the upper floor there is a bedroom. Above the living room is the "second light". The staircase leads to a balcony from which the door to the bedroom opens.
ready-made project of a house from foam blocks. A photo
One-story building with area 64 square meters. The foam block house project has a living room and an open kitchen with a dining area. There are two rooms 14 and 9 square meters area, as well as a bathroom with a bathtub. All the necessary premises are located in a relatively small area.
Here is a project of a house made of foam blocks with a total area 71 square meters. The house consists of two floors. On the ground floor there is a living room, a bathroom, a kitchen and utility rooms. Upstairs are the bedrooms and dressing rooms. Compact dimensions do not interfere with the reasonable organization of space.
Do-it-yourself ready-made project of a house from foam blocks. A photo
The presented project of a house made of foam blocks has two floors. On the ground floor there is a spacious kitchen with a comfortable dining area. Also on the ground floor there is a living room and a bathroom. The second floor is occupied by three bedrooms.
seventy three square meters. On this square there is a living room with glass doors overlooking the garden, two bedrooms and a bathroom. The kitchen is combined with the living room, which creates an additional feeling of spaciousness.
Project one-story house area 74 square meters. The layout of the space involves the allocation of small rooms. There are two bathrooms, a kitchen and a living room, a bedroom with a dedicated office space and a second smaller bedroom.
The project of a two-story house with a total area 87 square meters. On the ground floor there is a living room, a kitchen and a small bathroom. On the second floor there are three bedrooms and a fairly spacious bathroom. The staircase is provided comfortable, two-flight
The project of a two-story house with an area 95 square meters. The house has an open veranda and a balcony on the second floor. On the ground floor there is a living room and all utility rooms. Including a kitchen and one of the bathrooms. On the second floor there is a spacious parent bedroom and two relatively small children's rooms.
To build a house of foam blocks with your own hands, you first need to lay the foundation. Classic variant country house- with basement. Do-it-yourself foundation laying for a foam block house with a basement begins with earthworks.
house from foam blocks with their own hands. A photo
Dig up foundation pit in which the basement will be located. It is imperative to perform high-quality waterproofing of all surfaces, otherwise dampness will destroy the structure and rise into the living quarters.
If under construction two-storey house from foam blocks with your own hands, you need to perform a thorough calculation for expected loads. This will allow you to choose best option to create a basement and choose suitable materials. For a relatively light one-story house, often used turnkey solutions. For example, a basement with block walls, cast floor and ceiling.
When the pit is dug, a pipe is installed for drainage. It should divert water from the walls into the drain well.
Further at the bottom they collect formwork for the basement floor. The soil surface in the formwork is covered with mats that level the surface and increase waterproofing. On top of this layer is placed reinforcing mesh with cells ten by ten centimeters. If such reinforcement is not used, then the basement floor will be unnecessarily fragile, which will shorten its service life.
Further, the creation of a basement foundation with your own hands under the house of foam blocks continues with pouring concrete. The most convenient will be the use of a concrete mixer with a supply sleeve. In this case, it remains only to guide the sleeve and evenly pour concrete onto the mesh, and then level it.
The resulting floor is covered with a film and left for two weeks to mature. A metal strip is placed along the contour of the slab for the installation of concrete blocks. The wall blocks are lowered with a crane and then steel connectors are used.
Further, the construction of foam blocks with their own hands involves the installation wall supports. They will hold the ceiling slab in the basement. The supports are made of steel corners, which are carefully connected to the floor. The ceiling is poured in the same way as the floor.
The construction of the basement is being completed with thorough waterproofing of all external surfaces. For this, resin and euroroofing material are used. Also, the walls of the basement are insulated, air ducts, ventilation are installed, and an electrical network is installed. On all sides, the structure is covered with gravel.
Foam blocks are not difficult to lay, thanks to their precise shape and light weight. It is important to monitor the evenness of the walls in terms of level, correctly lay out the corners and prepare jumpers for arranging openings. After laying out the walls of the house from foam blocks with their own hands, the surfaces are covered with waterproofing, and the outside is finished, for example, with facing bricks.
The ceiling of the house is arranged by analogy with the ceiling of the basement. After pouring concrete, its surface is covered with a film and also aged for two weeks.
After arranging the ceiling, building from foam blocks with your own hands involves arranging the roof. The simplest construction is gable roof.
Supports from which it is assembled rafter system are purchased ready-made. They are exposed by a crane and the beams are connected to each other into a single structure. To protect the rafter system from moisture, it is covered with a film, and then a crate is installed. For a house made of foam blocks, almost any roofing material is suitable. Optimal in terms of cost and characteristics are flexible tiles and metal tiles.
Each type of roofing material has its own installation features. which must be considered separately.
To make a house of foam blocks with your own hands, you must first decide on all its parameters. One of the most important is the thickness of the walls. The bearing capacity and heat-insulating characteristics of the walls depend on it. In this case, the thicker the walls, the better. But on the other hand, there is economic feasibility. It limits the growth of the wall in thickness. It is the combination of these parameters that determines in each case individually the dimensions of specific walls.
Since foam concrete is not particularly demanding, not only special adhesives can be used for masonry, but also a sand-cement mortar of a classic look.
A specific choice is made taking into account many factors, ranging from the thickness of the seam to the skills of a particular master.
Availability reinforcement in the walls of foam blocks on their bearing characteristics is not reflected. But it is still worth reinforcing, since the likelihood of cracks during shrinkage is reduced.
Reinforce should:
You can reinforce with reinforcement and mesh.
Reinforcement fittings
For reinforcement, steel or fiberglass elements with a diameter of six to eight millimeters are used. A groove (strobe) is formed in the block, into which reinforcement is placed. From above, it is closed with the material with which the blocks are connected, i.e. adhesive or mortar.
If the block is wider than twenty centimeters, then two strobes are made, and if less, then one. They should not be placed more than six centimeters from the edge. The reinforcement should bend smoothly, without corners.
Reinforcement grid
Such reinforcement is performed exclusively with thin seams, i.e. when using glue. The grid is used plastic or metal. It is laid on rows of foam blocks, and poured with glue on top.
The type of connecting composition is determined by the size of the grid. If the wire diameter is more than three millimeters, then it is not advisable to use glue, it is better to choose a cement mortar.
If you want to make a house of foam blocks with your own hands warm and comfortable, then perhaps you should consider a method of warming. Typically, such houses do not require special thermal insulation work, since the material of the walls itself has high level heat preservation, it is enough to choose its thickness correctly. In particular, for the central regions, for example, for the Moscow region, a wall 49 cm thick is sufficient. However, it should be borne in mind that the blocks must be connected with thin seams with a minimum number of cold bridges.
If insulation is still required, then a number of rules should be observed. A vapor barrier is laid on the surface with a vapor transmission coefficient like that of blocks or more. Heat-insulating materials can be mounted directly on the wall without gaps. This will prevent condensation from forming. Another option is to use ventilated facade systems.
To make a house of foam blocks with your own hands beautiful, you need to finish it with suitable decorative materials. High-quality cladding of a house made of foam blocks will hide defects and create additional protection from external factors.
You can finish the walls of foam blocks with facing bricks. In addition, they get off with any kind of siding, clapboard. Another option is to plaster the surface, after which it is painted. Thanks to the finish, the walls of the foam blocks are less damaged by external factors.
The question of the cost of the material is of interest to everyone who is going to build own house. Foam blocks may differ in price depending on the manufacturer and some other characteristics.
The indicators considered are average. The price of foam blocks ranges from 2700 rubles to 4900.
Foam concrete blocks have a number of advantages and some disadvantages.
pros
Among the advantages of the material is called it environmental friendliness. Foam concrete is made from sand and cement with the addition of foaming additives.
Blocks stably endure significant temperature fluctuations. They are not damaged by fire and chemicals. The porous structure causes good vapor permeability and low thermal conductivity.
The result is comfortable conditions in the premises of the house. Significantly less heating and cooling costs are required. Thanks to these characteristics, the walls can be made from one row of blocks, which significantly reduces construction costs.
The weight foam blocks are much smaller than bricks, so the buildings themselves are easier. They have less load on the foundation. Foam blocks are easily processed and quickly stacked, which facilitates construction.
Minuses
The disadvantages of the material include its brittleness. This is especially noticeable if the manufacturing technology has been violated. Walls made of foam blocks can crack and soak with moisture, which leads to rapid destruction. Disadvantages are eliminated by the correct choice of material and its external lining.
Considering the projects of two-story houses made of foam blocks, your attention, first of all, should be paid to how the habitable space of the building is distributed. Experience shows that it is optimal to place common rooms, a living room, a hall, a dining room and a kitchen downstairs. At the top, it is advisable to place personal apartments - bedrooms, an office, a nursery. However, deviation from the canons is quite acceptable according to your personal preferences.
If you want to make changes to the finished project documentation by slightly moving or removing partitions between rooms, moving doorways, then this will not be difficult. However, in standard projects it is unacceptable to make significant changes affecting the load-bearing walls, foundation or roof. In this case, the documents will have to be redone, or even order the design of a house or cottage.
Foam blocks are distinguished by density. This figure must be reflected in project documentation. Since, for example, low density indicates the fragility of the material. Only material purchased from a well-established company can be truly high-quality and durable. Good blocks are very light, well protected from sounds, resistant to fire. Projects of two-story houses made of foam blocks can be provided with a variety of architectural decorations (such as bay windows, turrets and arches), since foam concrete blocks easy to process.
High-quality foam blocks are environmentally friendly and safe. Their manufacturing technology endows the blocks next valuable properties and brings the material closer to wooden houses. Like wooden house, the structure of foam blocks is vapor-permeable, that is, it is "breathable". Finally, the speed with which projects of two-story houses made of foam blocks are being implemented allows significant savings on construction costs. However, remember: savings should consist in less time and labor costs, and not in the rejection of qualified designers and builders.
