The economy of the region as a whole is characterized by the following features:
The features of the agriculture of Foreign Asia are the combination of commodity and consumer economy, landlord and peasant land use, as well as the predominance of food crops over industrial crops and crops.
The main food crop of Foreign Asia is rice. Its countries (China, India, Japan, etc.) provide over 90% of the world's rice production. The second most important grain crop in Foreign Asia is wheat. In coastal, well-moistened areas, winter wheat is grown, in the arid continental part - spring wheat. Among other grain crops, corn and millet are significant. Despite the fact that Foreign Asia produces the vast majority of rice and about 20% of the world wheat harvest, many of its countries are forced to buy grain, since the food problem has not been solved in them.
Foreign Asia occupies a prominent place in the world in the production of soybeans, copra (dried coconut pulp), coffee, tobacco, tropical and subtropical fruits, grapes, various spices (red and black pepper, ginger, vanilla, cloves), which are also exported.
The level of development of animal husbandry in Foreign Asia is lower than in other regions of the world. The main ones are cattle breeding and sheep breeding, and in countries with a non-Muslim population (China, Vietnam, Korea, Japan) - pig breeding. Horses, camels, yaks are bred in desert and high mountain regions. Export livestock products are insignificant and mainly consist of wool, hides and skins. Fishing is of great importance in coastal countries.
The location of agriculture in the vast area of foreign Asia is highly dependent on environmental factors. In general, several have formed in the region.
In most developing countries of Foreign Asia, industry is represented mainly by mining industries. The reason for this is their good security and general low level development of manufacturing (closing) industries.
However, the differences in the level of development of the economy of various countries and regions of Foreign Asia are so significant that it is advisable to consider the economy of the region region by region.
If we proceed from the ten-member structure of the world economy, then there are five centers within the limits of Foreign Asia (among them, three centers are separate countries):
China in the 1970s, he began an economic reform (“Gaige”) based on a combination of planned and market economy. As a result, there has been an unprecedented growth of the country's economy. In 1990, China was already ranked 3rd in terms of GDP after Japan, and by 2000 it was ahead. However, based on the calculation of GDP per capita, China still lags far behind the leading countries. Despite this, China largely determines the progress of the entire Asia-Pacific region. Modern China is a powerful industrial-agricultural country that occupies an important position in (first place in coal mining and steelmaking, production of cotton fabrics, televisions, radios, gross grain harvest; second place in the production of electricity, chemical fertilizers, synthetic materials, etc. The face of China is primarily determined by the heavy .
Japan came out of the 2nd World War with a completely destroyed. But it not only managed to restore the economy, but also to become the No. 2 power in the world, a member of the G7, and in many ways economic indicators come out on top. at first it developed mainly along an evolutionary path. On imported raw materials, such basic industries as energy, metallurgy, automotive, shipbuilding, chemical, petrochemical, and construction industries were practically created anew. After the energy and raw material crises of the 1970s, the revolutionary path of development began to prevail in Japan's industry. The country began to limit the growth of energy-intensive and metal-intensive industries and focus on the latest high-tech industries. It has become a leader in the field of electronics, robotics, biotechnology, and has begun to use energy. In terms of the share of spending on science, Japan ranks first in the world. Since the 90s, the “Japanese economic miracle” has come to naught and the pace of economic development has slowed down, however, the country still retains a leading position in many economic indicators.
India is one of the key countries developing world. She began economic reform in the 1990s and achieved some success. However, it remains a country of very great contrasts. For example:
Among other countries of Foreign Asia in terms of economic development Turkey, Iran, Pakistan, Israel stand out.
This development is aimed at forming an idea of the main centers of the Asian economy. Identifies economic groupings that affect the development of the Asian region. The features of agriculture and the distribution of the main food crops in the region are considered.
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PRESENTATION NAME Company Name Centers economic power Asia. Features of agriculture.
Centers of economic power in Asia. ? ? ? ? ? List the centers of economic power in the Asian region. State the reasons for their selection.
ASEAN - the Association of Southeast Asian Nations was founded on August 8, 1967 in Bangkok. It included Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, Thailand, the Philippines, then Brunei Darussalam (in 1984), Vietnam (in 1995), Laos and Myanmar (in 1997), Cambodia (in 1999). Papua New Guinea has special observer status. Objectives of creation: to promote the development of socio-economic and cultural cooperation of the member countries of the organization; promoting peace and stability in Southeast Asia (SEA). The transformation of ASEAN into one of the world's political and economic centers of the multipolar world stimulated this regional grouping of countries to actively solve a number of extremely important tasks: the formation of a free trade zone and an investment zone; introduction single currency and the creation of a developed economic infrastructure, the formation of a special management structure.
OREK - the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries - is an international intergovernmental organization created by oil-producing countries in order to stabilize oil prices. OPEC consists of 12 countries: Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, Venezuela, Qatar, Libya, United United Arab Emirates, Algeria, Nigeria, Ecuador and Angola. The headquarters is located in Vienna.
Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) The main tasks of the organization are the strengthening of stability and security in a wide area that unites the participating states, the fight against terrorism, separatism, extremism, drug trafficking, the development of economic cooperation, energy partnership, scientific and cultural interaction.
Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) Australia Brunei Vietnam Hong Kong Indonesia Canada China Republic of Korea Malaysia Mexico New Zealand Papua New Guinea Peru Russia Singapore United States of America Thailand Taiwan Philippines Chile Japan Pacific region for cooperation in the field of regional trade and investment facilitation and liberalization. The goal of APEC is to increase economic growth and prosperity in the region and the strengthening of the Asia-Pacific community. Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation APEC members include: Australia Brunei Vietnam Hong Kong Indonesia Canada China Republic of Korea Malaysia Mexico New Zealand Papua New Guinea Peru Russia Singapore United States of America Thailand Taiwan Philippines Chile Japan
List the features of agriculture in Foreign Asia.
Peculiarities of agriculture in Foreign Asia: The main part of the active population is in agriculture. The combination of commodity + consumer. The predominance of food crops. In many countries there is a food problem.
List centers: Rice sowing; tea growing; Subtropical agriculture Pasture animal husbandry.
"Singapore - Asia in miniature", "Brunei: the nature of wealth and poverty", "Korea - one people, two countries", "Japanese - Eastern mentality. How is it formed, how does it affect economic features countries» Essay topics
Homework: Topic 7, paragraph 1, paragraphs 4,5,6. Work on the abstract
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FIVE COUNTRIES OF ASIA'S ECONOMIC POWER
CENTERS
FEATURES OF THE HOUSE
1. China
2. Japan
3. India
4. NIS countries
5. Oil exporting countries
By GDP
1990 - 3rd place in the world
2011 - 2nd place in the world
Using figure 59 on page 228, write down in the table, for which types of products is China among the top three in the world?
Robot model from Japan
sevens";
the development of the country slowed down;
Using figure 59 on page 228, write in the table for which types of products Japan is among the top three in the world?
The main features of the economic development of modern India.
G7 and China in terms of volume
industrial production;
information technologies;
"first echelon"
"second tier"
Developed industries:
Newly industrialized countries are a group of developing countries that have undergone a qualitative leap in socio-economic indicators over the past decades. The economies of these countries short term made the transition from backward, typical of developing countries, to highly developed. Now they compete with the USA, Japan and European Union. In these countries, the proportion of literate people has increased, education has become free and publicly available. Gross domestic income per capita is about $15,000, and its annual growth has stabilized at 7%.
service sector;
controlled computer.
GRASURING AREAS
RICE-SOWING AREAS
"TEA LANDSCAPE"
AREAS
SUBTROPIC AGRICULTURE
Foreign Asia. Economic space of the region
Overseas Asia is the largest part of the world, and it is located on the largest continent of the planet - Eurasia. The shores of this part of the world are washed by the waters of the $2$ oceans - the Pacific and Indian, as well as the marginal seas of the Atlantic Ocean. The coastline, especially in the east, is heavily indented and numerous islands stretch along the coast - Japanese, Ryukyu, Philippine. The islands separate the ocean itself from its marginal seas - the Japanese, Yellow, East China. To the southeast of Foreign Asia is the world's largest cluster of archipelagos - the Greater Sunda Islands, the Lesser Sunda Islands, the Moluccas, etc.
In the south of Asia, the largest peninsulas protrude towards the ocean - Indochina, Hindustan, Arabian. They are separated by the Bay of Bengal and the Arabian Sea. The islands located in the Indian Ocean - Andaman, Nicobar, Maldives, Lakandive, Sri Lanka - also belong to Asia. In the west is the peninsula of Asia Minor, which is washed by the Mediterranean, Black, Aegean and Marmara seas. From north to south, Asia Abroad stretches for $7,000 km, and from west to east, for $10,000 km, and in terms of territory, $27 million sq km, it is second only to Africa.
Asian countries have different geographic location:
The vast majority of Asian countries have a coastal position, which means access to the seas of the Pacific, Indian, Atlantic oceans.
They also differ in the area they occupy.
The borders between countries pass along well-defined natural boundaries.
Remark 1
Thus, the peculiarities of the economic and geographical position of Asian countries include neighboring, coastal, inland position.
About 5 billion people live in the largest part of the world, and $46 of states are represented on its political map. Most of the countries belong to the group of developing countries. The formation of the political map of Asia took place under the influence of aggressive wars and colonial seizures of territories by Europeans. Even after the Second World War, colonial possessions of Great Britain, France, and the Netherlands remained in Asia. And such formally independent countries as Iran, Afghanistan, China in the $19th century were divided into spheres of influence between the major powers of that time. Looks completely different political map region today. More than $20$ of countries gained political independence and, at the beginning of the $21st century, there were $38$ of sovereign states. All sovereign countries are members of the UN. Asian countries have different forms government, so $26$ of states are republics, mostly presidential, $13$ of states have a monarchical form of government.
Constitutional monarchy countries:
I must say that until recently there were more monarchies in this region. For example, Iraq, Afghanistan, Iran also had a monarchical form of government. The monarchy was also in Nepal, which existed in the country for $240$ years, and in $2008$ it was abolished. As for Brunei and Saudi Arabia, they belong to the theocratic monarchy. This means that the king and the head of the ecclesiastical authority are one and the same person. Actually, the Islamic Republic of Iran can be attributed to the number of such monarchies. According to the constitution, the head of the country is a religious figure - the ayatollah. He determines the general line of development of the country and exercises control over its implementation.
Remark 2
In other words, the basic principles of the existence of Iran are determined by Shiite Islam, elevated to the rank public policy, and seeks to prevent the spread of liberal views.
The administrative-territorial structure of states has a more homogeneous character. So, $33 countries have a unitary structure, and $6 countries are federations - India, Pakistan, Malaysia, Myanmar, Malaysia, UAE.
The territory of Overseas Asia is divided into the following sub-regions:
Strictly speaking, these subregions are cultural and historical, where a complex of historical, ethnolinguistic, religious factors and natural differences is reflected. Analysis of the map allows us to conclude that the primacy belongs to the subregion East Asia both in terms of population and area. Of course, thanks to the People's Republic of China. In second place, thanks to India, is the sub-region South Asia. Southwest Asia will prevail in the number of countries, small in area and in population.
Within the bounds of Foreign Asia there are $5$ centers of the world economy. Among this five, a special place is occupied by such individual countries as China, India, Japan and another $2$ group of countries - new industrial and oil-exporting countries.
In socio-economic development China there were ups and downs. But, the implementation of the economic reform launched at the end of the $ 70s, which was based on both planned and market development of the economy, led to a rapid rise in the economy. China, in terms of GDP, managed to reach the $3rd place in the world after the USA and Japan as early as $1990. Later, in $2006$, the country took the second position in the world economic ranking, overtaking Japan in terms of gross industrial output. By $2020$ the country expects GDP growth$4$ times.
Economy Japan, destroyed during the Second World War, was not only restored, but also radically rebuilt. Japan has become a world power after the United States and became the only member of the G7 in Asia. The Japanese "economic miracle" gradually faded away, which led to a slowdown in the pace of socio-economic development. The financial crisis that engulfed Southeast Asia at the end of the $90s also had a negative impact on the Japanese economy.
Remark 3
Another country in this region plays a significant role in the global economy - India. The economic reforms carried out in the country in the $90s accelerated its development. India, after the G7 countries and China, ranks $9th in the world in terms of industrial production. True, in terms of per capita indicators, the country still lags behind many countries in the world.
The next center of economic power are new industrial countries Asia. This group consists of 2 "echelons":
Back in the $80$s, they rebuilt their economies according to the Japanese model. Today they are successfully developing the automotive, oil refining, and petrochemical industries. Develop shipbuilding, electrical and electronic industries. The production of consumer products - clothing, fabrics, shoes - is growing. The reason for their "economic miracle" was the activity of local businesses and foreign investment. According to the level of economic development in the region, such countries as Turkey, Iran, Pakistan, Israel, and the DPRK stand out. There are less here the developed countries– Yemen, Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Maldives, Nepal, Bhutan, Myanmar, Laos, Cambodia, etc.
ECONOMY OF THE COUNTRIES OF FOREIGN ASIA
Developed and conducted by Shvetsova V.A. teacher of geography and ecology of MOBU Novobureyskaya secondary school No. 3, Amur region. Developed on the basis of the author's program edited by V. I. Sirotin.
FIVE COUNTRIES OF ASIA'S ECONOMIC POWER
Prezentacii.com
CENTERS FEATURES OF THE HOUSE
1. China
2. Japan
3. India
4. NIS countries
5. Oil exporting countries
CHINA
In terms of GDP 1990 - 3rd place in the world 2011 - 2nd place in the world
Since the 70s of the XX century, a radical economic reform began to be implemented, based on a combination of a planned and market economy. It is at the industrial stage of development. In terms of per capita economic indicators, it lags behind not only the countries of Europe, but also many countries of the South.
Using figure 59 on page 228, write down in the table, for which types of products is China among the top three in the world?
JAPAN
Robot model from Japan
Using figure 59 on page 228, write in the table for which types of products Japan is among the top three in the world?
GDP - 4th place in the world; is part of the "big seven"; the pace of socio - economic development of the country slowed down;
INDIA
The main features of the economic development of modern India.
GDP - 3rd place in the world (2011); ranks 9th in the world after the G7 countries and China in terms of industrial production; one of the largest information technology centers in the world;
NIS COUNTRIES
"first echelon"
"second tier"
South Korea Singapore Hong Kong Taiwan
Malaysia Thailand Indonesia
Newly industrialized countries are a group of developing countries that have undergone a qualitative leap in socio-economic indicators over the past decades. The economies of these countries in a short time made the transition from backward, typical of developing countries, to highly developed. Now they compete with the US, Japan and the European Union. In these countries, the proportion of literate people has increased, education has become free and publicly available. Gross domestic income per capita is about $15,000, and its annual growth has stabilized at 7%.
Developed industries: automotive oil refining petrochemical shipbuilding electrical electronics
