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1. Electronic applications in the field of competence of the Ministry of Construction of Russia, filled in in accordance with the attached form, are accepted for consideration.
2. An electronic appeal may contain a statement, complaint, proposal or request.
3. Electronic appeals sent through the official Internet portal of the Ministry of Construction of Russia are submitted for consideration to the department for working with citizens' appeals. The Ministry provides an objective, comprehensive and timely consideration of applications. Consideration of electronic appeals is free of charge.
4. According to federal law dated 02.05.2006 N 59-FZ "On the procedure for considering citizens' applications Russian Federation"electronic appeals are registered within three days and sent depending on the content in structural units Ministries. The appeal is considered within 30 days from the date of registration. An electronic appeal containing issues, the solution of which is not within the competence of the Ministry of Construction of Russia, is sent within seven days from the date of registration to the appropriate body or the appropriate official, whose competence includes resolving the issues raised in the appeal, with notification of this to the citizen who sent the appeal.
5. An electronic appeal is not considered when:
- the absence of the name and surname of the applicant;
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6. The response to the applicant of the appeal is sent to the postal address specified when filling out the form.
7. When considering an appeal, it is not allowed to disclose the information contained in the appeal, as well as information relating to the private life of a citizen, without his consent. Information about the personal data of applicants is stored and processed in compliance with the requirements Russian legislation about personal data.
8. Appeals received through the site are summarized and submitted to the leadership of the Ministry for information. The answers to the most frequently asked questions are periodically published in the sections "for residents" and "for specialists"
Individual housing construction(IZHS) involves the construction of private low-rise buildings intended for living, raising livestock, storing materials and products.
The building and the site on which it will be located must comply with building codes and the rules specified in the legislation.
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If you ignore these requirements, you can be left without a house and the money spent on its construction.
The plot for IZHS must meet several requirements:
The site must meet the requirements of the owners of future homes.
One of the important conditions individual construction is - fertile soil, remoteness from industrial plants and good development of the area.
But construction is also possible if these requirements do not meet, which does not affect the strength of the foundation and the safety of living in the house.
Therefore, in the first place are - building codes and regulations.
Without their observance, it is impossible to build a private and commercial building.
Individual housing construction must be carried out in strict accordance with existing rules.
Their neglect may lead to the requirement to demolish the building in judicial order and the owner will be required to pay a fine.
If the building was built without obtaining the appropriate one, then the construction will have to be legalized in court, proving that the house was built in accordance with all building rules and fire safety standards.
When designing and building residential houses, you need to focus on the rules provided for by SNiP 31.02.2001.
They indicate technical requirements to buildings, land and their intended use.
To get a private house, you need to contact the BTI municipal district or the architectural department of the city.
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You must have a document with you, according to which a land plot is issued in.
Owners land plot you will need to provide the following documents:
In the BTI bodies, an application is written, to which copies and originals must be attached:
It takes, on average, about 14 days to review documents and issue a permit.
An applicant may be refused if an incomplete package of documents was provided.
The permit is issued in the form of a document valid for 10 years from the date of receipt.
During this time, the applicant can build a house, according to the existing project.
If the site is called IZHS, then only residential buildings can be erected on it.
These include houses, as well as additional buildings necessary for a comfortable stay (barn, bathhouse, etc.).
It is forbidden to carry out the construction of industrial organizations.
When building a private house for living, it is necessary to focus on the rules provided for.
It states that the materials used for the construction are refractory, resistant to mold and decay, and do not endanger the life and health of people.
SNiP implies the start of building a house, subject to several rules:
Construction of other buildings is allowed on the territory:
Buildings must be located at a distance of more than 5 meters from the highway and at least 3 meters from streets with little traffic.
Outbuildings are located in the depths of the site, the first, relative to the road, always becomes a residential building.
Particular attention is paid to the distance between the buildings and the fence. For the most part, the hygienic side of the issue matters, not fire safety.
The reason is the possible darkening of the neighboring area if the houses are too close to their territory.
The SNiP indicates the following norms for the location of buildings near the fence:
| Distance between two parcels | must be at least 3 meters (with the written consent of the parties, this indicator may be reduced) |
| Buildings for keeping livestock and birds | should be located at a distance of more than 4 meters from the fence |
| Bath, outbuildings, toilet and shower | at a distance of at least 2.5 meters |
| Greenhouses on the site should be located at a distance of more than 4 meters | to prevent shading of the adjacent area and ingress Wastewater with fertilizers dissolved in them |
| Garage and buildings for storage of materials (inventory) | can be located 1 meter from the fence |
The best option is the location of buildings at a distance of 3 meters. This will prevent conflict with neighbors due to the shading of their site.
Shrubs and trees deserve special attention. They should be located on the territory of the site so as not to obscure the neighboring site.
There are several rules for this:
Do not rely on the fact that green spaces or buildings will not cause harm if they are located in a chaotic manner.
A tall tree on the site can grow for a long time, until a person who does not like the shade from a tall plant settles in a neighboring house.
And in this case, not only a conflict is possible, but also a trial, ending with a demand to remove the interfering object and pay a fine for violating the rules of SNiP.
The location of outbuildings is regulated by SNiP 30-02-97. It specifies the rules for the placement of houses for fire safety.
In the event of a building fire, the fire will quickly spread to the neighboring area, which will lead to the ignition of a residential building.
Therefore, during construction, it is important to follow the norms stipulated by legislative norms.
The distance between residential buildings is determined depending on the material of the building:
The location of houses close to each other is allowed if the building has a “2 owners per 1 house” system.
The distance is measured in a straight line, starting from the house, and not the fence of the neighbors.
If there are no buildings on the adjacent territory, then primary construction is a priority. In the future, neighbors will have to measure the distance between houses.
The distance between buildings on the site is also indicated in the SNiP.
However, non-compliance with the described standards can lead to difficulties in the residential area, so it is recommended to follow the rules regarding the location of buildings:
The SNiP contains information about the location of objects relative to each other.
For example, the well should be located more than 20 meters from the compost pit, toilet and away from the fence.
This is explained by the likelihood of toxic substances entering the water used for drinking purposes.
Baths are given special attention. They, in most cases, are made of wood, which increases the fire hazard on the site.
For this reason, the bath should be at a distance of more than 8 meters from residential buildings(including neighbors).
Previously, there were no requirements for the construction of a garage. In 2020, changes were introduced to the SNiP.
The garage must be more than 1 meter away from the fence. If it is arranged inside a residential building, then additional ventilation should be equipped.
Building regulations contain some requirements for site fencing.
The fence between adjacent areas should not be higher than 1.5 meters in height.
It is allowed to create a continuous fence, but only half to prevent shading of the neighboring area.
As for the external fence, there are no special requirements for it.
But it should not be more than 2 meters high, otherwise it will be necessary to additionally coordinate the structure with the regulatory authorities.
Any material can be used to make a fence.
Building rules regulate not only the location of buildings on the site, but the nature of the buildings themselves.
Having studied the regulatory documents, you can familiarize yourself with the existing norms:
The basement must be more than 2 meters high if it is planned to be used for storing things and inventory. It is forbidden to equip living rooms in basements.
For a comfortable stay in a private house, it is necessary to bring engineering Communication or think about the possibility of installing their analogues.
It is up to the owner of the house to decide how to install heating. It can be a wood stove, fireplace, gas boiler.
Heating radiators are installed under the windows of the house to increase heat transfer.
If possible, the house, with the permission of the service organization, is connected to common system heating.
Gas supply can be used in a private house in two ways:
When connecting to the central gas main, it is necessary to properly lay the pipes and make the connections of the parts. It is forbidden to conduct communication through the living rooms of the house.
Pipes must be brought to the kitchen or heating stove. Exceptions are houses where a stopcock is installed near the entrance to the dwelling.
Communication is laid outside the building, and not through the foundation. The elements are connected by welding.
Shut-off valves can be installed using threaded parts.
If you plan to use gas cylinders for cooking or space heating, then you need to buy containers with a volume of no more than 12 liters.
The operation of cylinders of a larger volume is allowed only if they are kept in a specially designated building located far from a residential building.
A prerequisite for the installation of gas supply is the use of at least two devices powered by this fuel.
As a rule, these include a stove for cooking and a heating boiler.
Electricity is supplied to private houses through the installation of overhead power lines (power lines).
The main condition is that the wires should not be on highways and interfere with traffic.
On a little busy street, installation of wires at a height of 2.75 meters is allowed.
If the site is busy, people often walk near the house and cars pass, then the distance from the ground should be at least 6 meters.
This prevents threats and does not interfere with the movement of people and vehicles.
The distance between supports should be no more than 25 meters. If the house is located at a greater distance, then it is necessary to establish an additional, intermediate pillar.
A distance of 20 cm is noted between the wires. When summing up the power line, metering devices are installed. They are mounted in a special box outside the house or inside.
The wiring in the building must be broken with insulating material and fastened in the corners of rooms or on the ceiling.
Wiring work must only be carried out by professional electricians!
Water supply in a private house is carried out in several ways:
Round-the-clock cold water without additional manipulations is a connection to central system water supply.
If hot water is required, water heaters are installed.
Sewerage arrangement is carried out taking into account several requirements:
If a toilet is being installed in the house, then the issue of arranging a cesspool is being considered.
It can be separate from the sewerage from the kitchen or combined.
In a private house, ventilation is not required. Windows and vents open for ventilation.
Ventilation is installed in the bathroom and toilet, provided that there is no fresh air inflow, that is, there are no windows in the room.
The SNiP does not provide a separate chapter for fire safety standards.
But the basic rules can be distinguished from the basic requirements for building a house:
| Distance between house and road | must be at least 6 meters. There should be no obstacles for the entry of fire trucks |
| Between neighboring houses | distance must be at least 6 meters. This is provided that the building is made of refractory material, and there are no windows and doors on the adjoining side. In other cases, the distance increases to 8 or more meters. |
| Wiring is laid according to the rules of the PUE | when installing electricity in wooden house be sure to use a metal corrugated pipe. It protects the house from fire in the event of a short smoke in the wiring or a spark. Before commissioning, the electrical wiring is checked by Oblenergo employees |
| Regular check of electrical wiring | the health of heating appliances is a fire prevention measure in a private house |
| Do not store large gas cylinders in the house | and flammable substances in open containers. There should be a separate metal box for these materials. |
Code of rules SP-54.13330.2011
"SNiP 31-01-2003. RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS"
Updated edition of SNiP 31-01-2003
With changes:
Multicompartment residential buildings
1 area of use
1.1 This set of rules applies to the design and construction of newly built and reconstructed multi-apartment residential buildings with a height * (1) up to 75 m (hereinafter adopted in accordance with SP 2.13130), including apartment-type dormitories, as well as residential premises, included in the premises of buildings of other functional purpose.
2 Normative references
3 Terms and definitions
4 General provisions
4.3 When designing and constructing a residential building, conditions must be provided for the life of people with limited mobility, the accessibility of the site, building and apartments for the disabled and the elderly using wheelchairs, if the placement of apartments for families with disabled people in this residential building is established in the design assignment .
Specialized apartment buildings for the elderly should be designed no higher than nine floors, for families with disabilities - no more than five. In other types of residential buildings, apartments for families with disabilities should be located, as a rule, on the ground floors.
In residential buildings of state and municipal housing stock, the share of apartments for families with disabled people using wheelchairs is established in the design assignment by local governments. Specific requirements for ensuring the life of the disabled and other people with limited mobility should be provided for taking into account local conditions and the requirements of SP 59.13330. Two-way traffic of disabled people in wheelchairs should be provided only in specialized residential buildings for the elderly and for families with disabled people. At the same time, the width of the corridors must be taken at least 1.8 m.
4.4 The project must include instructions for the operation of apartments and public premises of the building, which must contain the data necessary for tenants (owners) of apartments and built-in public premises, as well as operating organizations to ensure safety during operation, including: concealed wiring diagrams, locations ventilation ducts, other elements of the building and its equipment, in respect of which construction activities should not be carried out by residents and tenants during operation. In addition, the instruction should include rules for the maintenance and maintenance of fire protection systems and an evacuation plan in case of fire.
4.4a Re-planning and re-arrangement of apartments must be carried out in accordance with the rules of article 26 Housing Code Russian Federation.
4.5 Residential buildings should be provided with: domestic drinking and hot water supply, sewerage and drains in accordance with SP 30.13330 and SP 31.13330; heating, ventilation, smoke protection - in accordance with SP 60.13330. Fire water supply, smoke protection should be provided in accordance with the requirements of SP 10.13130 and SP 7.13130.
4.6 In residential buildings, it is necessary to provide for electric lighting, power electrical equipment, telephone, radio, television antennas and bell alarms, as well as automatic fire alarms, warning and evacuation control systems in case of fire, elevators for transporting fire departments, means of saving people, fire protection systems in accordance with the requirements of regulatory documents on fire safety, as well as other engineering systems provided by the design assignment.
4.7 On the roofs of residential buildings, provision should be made for the installation of antennas for the collective reception of transmissions and racks of wired broadcasting networks. Installation of radio relay masts and towers is prohibited.
4.8 Paragraphs 1 and 2 do not apply from June 4, 2017 - Order of the Ministry of Construction of Russia dated December 3, 2016 N 883 / pr
The cabin of one of the elevators must be 2100 mm deep or wide (depending on the layout) to accommodate a person on a sanitary stretcher.
The width of the cabin doors of one of the elevators must ensure the passage of a wheelchair.
When building on existing 5-storey residential buildings, it is recommended to provide elevators. In buildings equipped with an elevator, it is allowed not to provide for an elevator stop in the superstructured floor.
In residential buildings in which, on floors above the first floor, apartments are provided for families with disabled people who use wheelchairs for movement, as well as in specialized residential buildings for the elderly and for families with disabled people, passenger elevators or lifting platforms in accordance with the requirements of SP 59.13330, GOST R 51630, GOST R 51631 and GOST R 53296.
4.9 The width of the platforms in front of the elevators should allow the use of an elevator for transporting a patient on an ambulance stretcher and be at least, m:
1, 5 - in front of elevators with a carrying capacity of 630 kg with a cabin width of 2100 mm;
2, 1 - in front of elevators with a carrying capacity of 630 kg with a cabin depth of 2100 mm.
With a two-row arrangement of elevators, the width of the elevator hall must be at least, m:
1, 8 - when installing elevators with a cabin depth of less than 2100 mm;
2, 5 - when installing elevators with a cabin depth of 2100 mm or more.
4.10 In the basement, basement, first and second floors of a residential building (in large and major cities * (2) on the third floor), it is allowed to place built-in and built-in-attached public premises, with the exception of objects that have a harmful effect on humans.
It is not allowed to post:
specialized stores of mosquito-chemical and other goods, the operation of which may lead to pollution of the territory and air of residential buildings; premises, including shops with the storage of liquefied gases, flammable and combustible liquids, explosives capable of exploding and burning when interacting with water, atmospheric oxygen or with each other, goods in aerosol packaging, pyrotechnic products;
shops selling synthetic carpets, auto parts, tires and motor oils;
specialized fish shops; warehouses for any purpose, including wholesale (or small wholesale) trade, except storage facilities that are part of public institutions that have emergency exits isolated from the escape routes of the residential part of the building (the rule does not apply to built-in parking lots);
consumer service establishments that use flammable substances (except for hairdressers and watch repair shops with a total area of up to 300 m 2); baths;
catering and leisure enterprises with more than 50 seats, with a total area of more than 250 m 2 all enterprises operating with musical accompaniment, including discos, dance studios, theaters, and casinos;
laundries and dry cleaners (except for collection points and self-service laundries with a capacity of up to 75 kg per shift); automatic telephone exchanges with a total area of more than 100 m 2 ; public toilets, institutions and shops of funeral services; built-in and attached transformer substations;
production premises (except for premises of categories B and D for the work of disabled people and older people, including: points for issuing work at home, workshops for assembly and decorative work); dental laboratories, clinical diagnostic and bacteriological laboratories; dispensaries of all types; day hospitals of dispensaries and hospitals of private clinics: trauma centers, ambulance and emergency medical substations; dermatovenerological, psychiatric, infectious and phthisiatric rooms for medical appointments; departments (rooms) of magnetic resonance imaging;
x-ray rooms, as well as rooms with medical or diagnostic equipment and installations that are sources of ionizing radiation exceeding the permissible level established by sanitary and epidemiological rules, veterinary clinics and offices.
Shops selling synthetic carpet products may be attached to the blind sections of the walls of residential buildings with a fire resistance limit of REI 150.
4.11 In the basement and basement floors of residential buildings it is not allowed to place premises for storage, processing and use in various installations and devices of flammable and combustible liquids and liquefied gases, explosives; rooms for children; cinemas, conference halls and other halls with more than 50 seats, saunas, as well as medical institutions. When placing other premises on these floors, one should also take into account the restrictions established in 4.10 of this document and in Appendix D of SNiP 31-06.
4.12 Loading of public premises from the side of the courtyard of a residential building, where the windows of the living rooms of apartments and entrances to residential part at home, in order to protect residents from noise and exhaust gases is not allowed.
Loading of public premises built into residential buildings should be carried out: from the ends of residential buildings that do not have windows; from underground tunnels; from highways (streets) in the presence of special loading rooms.
It is allowed not to provide for the indicated loading rooms with an area of built-in public rooms up to 150 m 2.
5 Requirements for apartments and their elements
5.5 Placement of apartments and living rooms in the basement and basement floors of residential buildings is not allowed.
5.8 The height (from floor to ceiling) of living rooms and the kitchen (kitchen-dining room) in climatic regions IA, IB, IG, ID and IVA must be at least 2.7 m, and in other climatic regions - at least 2.5 m .
The height of intra-apartment corridors, halls, front, mezzanines (and under them) is determined by the conditions for the safety of people's movement and should be at least 2.1 m.
In living rooms and kitchens of apartments located in the attic floor (or upper floors with inclined enclosing structures), a lower ceiling height is allowed relative to the normalized area, not exceeding 50%.
6 Bearing capacity and allowable deformation of structures
6.2 The structures and foundations of the building must be designed to withstand constant loads from the own weight of the supporting and enclosing structures; temporary uniformly distributed and concentrated loads on floors; snow and wind loads for a given construction area. The normative values of the listed loads, taking into account unfavorable combinations of loads or their corresponding forces, the limit values of deflections and displacements of structures, as well as the values of the load safety factors must be taken in accordance with the requirements of SP 20.13330.
When calculating the structures and foundations of buildings, the additional requirements of the customer-builder specified in the design assignment must also be taken into account, for example, for the placement of fireplaces, heavy equipment for public facilities built into a residential building; to fastening heavy elements of interior equipment to walls and ceilings.
6.5 When calculating a building with a height of more than 40 m for a wind load, in addition to the conditions of strength and stability of the building and its individual structural elements, restrictions must be provided on the oscillation parameters of the ceilings of the upper floors, due to the requirements for living comfort.
6.6 In case of occurrence during the reconstruction of additional loads and impacts on the remaining part of the residential building, its load-bearing and enclosing structures, as well as the base soils, must be checked for these loads and impacts in accordance with applicable documents, regardless of the physical wear of the structures.
In this case, one should take into account the actual bearing capacity of the foundation soils as a result of their change during the operation period, as well as the increase in the strength of concrete in concrete and reinforced concrete structures over time.
6.7 When reconstructing a residential building, one should take into account changes in its structural scheme that occur during the operation of this building (including the appearance of new openings that are additional to the original design solution, as well as the impact of the repair of structures or their strengthening).
6.8 When reconstructing residential buildings with a change in the location of sanitary facilities, appropriate additional measures should be taken for hydro-, noise- and vibration isolation, as well as, if necessary, reinforcement of floors on which the equipment of these sanitary facilities is to be installed.
7 Fire safety
7.1 Preventing the spread of fire
7.1.2 The allowable building height and floor area within the fire compartment are determined depending on the degree of fire resistance and the structural fire hazard class according to Table 7.1.
Table 7.1
The degree of fire resistance of the building
Building constructive fire hazard class
The highest allowable height of the building, m
The largest allowable floor area of the fire compartment, m2
Not standardized
Note - The degree of fire resistance of a building with unheated extensions should be taken according to the degree of fire resistance of the heated part of the building.
7.1.4 The structures of galleries in gallery houses must comply with the requirements adopted for the floors of these buildings.
7.1.5 In buildings of I, II degrees of fire resistance, to ensure the required fire resistance limit of the bearing elements of the building, only structural fire protection should be used.
7.1.6 Bearing elements of two-story buildings of the IV degree of fire resistance must have a fire resistance of at least R 30.
7.1.7 Intersectional, inter-apartment walls and partitions, as well as walls and partitions separating non-apartment corridors, halls and vestibules from other premises, must comply with the requirements set forth in Table 7.1a.
Intersectional and inter-apartment walls and partitions must be deaf and comply with the requirements of the Technical Regulations on fire safety requirements.
7.1.8 The fire resistance limit of interior partitions is not standardized. The fire hazard class of interior cabinet, collapsible and sliding partitions is not standardized. The fire hazard class of other interior partitions, including those with doors, must comply with the requirements of the Technical Regulations on fire safety requirements.
Table 7.1a
Enclosing structure
Minimum fire resistance limit and permissible fire hazard class of a structure for a building fire resistance degree and constructive fire hazard class
I-III, C0 and C1
Intersectional wall
Intersectional partition
Inter-apartment wall
Interroom partition
Wall separating non-apartment corridors from other premises
Partition separating non-apartment corridors from other premises
_____________________________
* For buildings of class C1, K1 is allowed.
** For buildings of class C2, K2 is allowed.
7.1.9 Partitions between storerooms in the basement and basement floors of buildings of II degree of fire resistance up to 5 floors inclusive, as well as in buildings of III and IV degrees of fire resistance, it is allowed to design with a non-standardized fire resistance limit and fire hazard class. Partitions separating the technical corridor (including the technical corridor for laying communications) of the basement and basement floors from the rest of the premises must be type 1 fireproof.
7.1.10 Technical, basement, basement floors and attics should be divided by fire partitions of the 1st type into compartments with an area of not more than 500 m 2 in non-sectional residential buildings, and in sectional - by sections.
7.1.11 Fencing of loggias and balconies in buildings with a height of three floors or more, as well as external sun protection in buildings of I, II and III degrees of fire resistance with a height of 5 floors or more, must be made of non-combustible NG materials.
7.1.12 Public premises built into residential buildings should be separated from the premises of the residential part by deaf fire walls, partitions and ceilings with a fire resistance rating of at least REI 45, or EI 45, respectively, and in buildings of the I degree of fire resistance - by ceilings of the 2nd type.
7.1.13 The waste collection chamber must have an independent entrance, isolated from the entrance to the building by a blank wall, and be distinguished by fire partitions and ceilings with fire resistance limits of at least REI 60 and fire hazard class K0.
7.1.14 Roofing, rafters and attic sheathing may be made of combustible materials. In buildings with attics (with the exception of buildings of the V degree of fire resistance), when installing rafters and lathing from combustible materials, it is not allowed to use roofs made of combustible materials, and the rafters and lathing should be subjected to fire retardant treatment. With constructive protection of these structures, they should not contribute to the latent spread of combustion.
7.1.15 The paragraph does not apply from June 4, 2017 - Order of the Ministry of Construction of Russia of December 3, 2016 N 883 / pr
If there are windows in a residential building oriented to the built-in-attached part of the building, the level of the roof at the junction should not exceed the floor mark above the living quarters of the main part of the building.
7.1.16 Not applicable from June 4, 2017 - Order of the Ministry of Construction of Russia dated December 3, 2016 N 883 / pr
7.2 Ensuring evacuation
7.2.1 The greatest distances from the doors of the apartments to the staircase or exit to the outside should be taken according to table 7.2.
Table 7.2
In a section of a residential building, when exiting apartments into a corridor (hall) that does not have a window opening at the end, the distance from the door of the most remote apartment to the exit directly to the staircase or exit to the vestibule or elevator passage hall leading to the air zone of the smoke-free staircase, should not exceed 12 m, if there is a window opening or smoke exhaust in the corridor (hall), this distance can be taken according to Table 7.2 as for a dead-end corridor.
7.2.2 The width of the corridor must be at least, m: if its length between the stairs or the end of the corridor and the stairs is up to 40 m - 1, 4, over 40 m - 1, 6, the width of the gallery is not less than 1, 2 m. Corridors should separated by partitions with doors of fire resistance El 30, equipped with shutters and located at a distance of no more than 30 m from one another and from the ends of the corridor.
7.2.3 It is allowed to provide glazed doors in stairwells and elevator halls, at the same time - with reinforced glass. Other types of impact resistant glazing may be used.
7.2.4 The number of emergency exits from the floor and the type of staircases should be taken in accordance with the requirements of the Technical Regulations on fire safety requirements and SP 1.13130.
7.2.5 In residential buildings with a height of less than 28 m, designed for placement in climatic region IV and climatic subregion IIIB, it is allowed to install external open stairs made of non-combustible materials instead of staircases.
7.2.6 In residential buildings of the corridor (gallery) type, with a total floor area of up to 500 m 2, it is allowed to provide access to one staircase of type H1 with a building height of more than 28 m or type L1 with a building height of less than 28 m, provided that in at the ends of the corridors (gallery) there are exits to the external stairs of the 3rd type, leading to the level of the floor of the second floor. When placing these staircases at the end of the building, it is allowed to install one staircase of the 3rd type in the opposite end of the corridor (gallery).
7.2.7 When adding on existing buildings with a height of up to 28 m on one floor, it is allowed to maintain the existing staircase of type L1, provided that the superstructured floor is provided with an emergency exit in accordance with the requirements of the Technical Regulations on fire safety requirements and SP 1.13130.
7.2.8 If the total area of apartments on the floor is more than 500 m2, evacuation must be carried out through at least two staircases (normal or smoke-free).
In residential buildings with a total area of apartments on the floor from 500 to 550 m 2, one emergency exit from the apartments is allowed:
if the height of the upper floor is not more than 28 m - into an ordinary staircase, provided that the front rooms in the apartments are equipped with addressable fire alarm sensors;
if the height of the upper floor is more than 28 m - into one smoke-free staircase, provided that all premises of the apartments (except for bathrooms, bathrooms, showers and laundry rooms) are equipped with addressable fire alarm sensors or automatic fire extinguishing.
7.2.9 For a multi-level apartment, it is allowed not to provide access to the stairwell from each floor, provided that the premises of the apartment are located no higher than 18 m and the floor of the apartment that does not have direct access to the stairwell is provided with an emergency exit in accordance with the requirements of the Technical Regulations on the requirements fire safety. The internal staircase is allowed to be made of wood.
7.2.10 Passage to the outer air zone of the stairwell type H1 is allowed through the elevator hall, while the arrangement of elevator shafts and doors in them must be carried out in accordance with the requirements of the Technical Regulations on fire safety requirements and SP 4.13130.
7.2.11 In buildings up to 50 m high with a total area of apartments on the floor of a section up to 500 m 2, it is allowed to provide an emergency exit to a stairwell of type H2 or H3 when one of the elevators is installed in the building, which ensures the transportation of fire departments and meets the requirements of GOST R 53296. At the same time, access to the H2 stairwell should be provided through the vestibule (or elevator hall), and the doors of the stairwell, elevator shafts, tambour-locks and tambours must be type 2 fireproof.
7.2.12 In sectional houses with a height of more than 28 m, exit to the outside from smoke-free staircases (type H1) can be arranged through the vestibule (in the absence of exits to it from the parking lot and public premises), separated from the adjacent corridors by fireproof partitions of the 1st type with fireproof type 2 doors. In this case, the connection of the H1 type stairwell with the vestibule must be arranged through the air zone. It is allowed to fill the opening of the air zone on the ground floor with a metal grate. On the way from the apartment to the stairwell H1, there must be at least two (not counting the doors from the apartment) sequentially located self-closing doors.
7.2.13 In a building with a height of three floors or more, exits to the outside from the basement, basement floors and technical underground must be located at least 100 m apart and must not communicate with the staircases of the residential part of the building.
It is allowed to arrange exits from basements and basement floors through the staircase of the residential part, taking into account the requirements of the Technical Regulations on fire safety requirements and SP 1.13130. Exits from technical floors should be provided in accordance with SP 1.13130.
Exits from technical floors located in the middle or upper part of the building are allowed through common staircases, and in buildings with H1 staircases - through the air zone.
7.2.14 When arranging emergency exits from attic floors on the roof it is necessary to provide for platforms and walkways with a fence in accordance with GOST 25772 leading to stairs of the 3rd type and stairs P2.
7.2.15 Public premises must have entrances and emergency exits isolated from the residential part of the building.
When placing on the upper floor the workshops of artists and architects, as well as office space, it is allowed to take the stairwells of the residential part of the building as evacuation exits, while the communication of the floor with the stairwell should be provided through a vestibule with fire doors. The door in the vestibule, facing the staircase, should be provided with opening only from the inside of the room.
It is allowed to arrange one evacuation exit from the premises of public institutions located on the first and basement floors with a total area of \u200b\u200bnot more than 300 m 2 and the number of employees not more than 15 people.
7.3 Fire requirements for engineering systems and building equipment
7.3.6 Gas supply systems for residential buildings should be provided in accordance with the requirements of SP 62.13330.
7.3.7 Heat supply systems for residential buildings should be provided in accordance with the requirements of SP 60.13330.
7.3.8 Heat generators, cooking and heating furnaces operating on solid fuels may be provided in residential buildings up to two floors inclusive (excluding ground floor).
7.3.9 Heat generators, including solid fuel stoves and fireplaces, cooking stoves and chimneys must be made with the implementation of structural measures in accordance with the requirements of SP 60.13330. Prefabricated heat generators and hobs must also be installed taking into account the safety requirements contained in the manufacturer's instructions.
7.3.10 The collection chamber shall be protected throughout the entire area by sprinklers. The section of the distribution pipeline of the sprinklers must be annular, connected to the building's drinking water supply network and have thermal insulation made of non-combustible materials. The chamber door must be insulated.
7.3.11 Not applicable from June 4, 2017 - Order of the Ministry of Construction of Russia dated December 3, 2016 N 883 / pr
7.3.12 Not applicable from June 4, 2017 - Order of the Ministry of Construction of Russia dated December 3, 2016 N 883 / pr
7.3.13 Not applicable from June 4, 2017 - Order of the Ministry of Construction of Russia dated December 3, 2016 N 883 / pr
7.4 Ensuring fire fighting and rescue operations
7.4.2 In each compartment (section) of the basement or basement, separated by fire barriers, at least two windows with dimensions of at least 0.9 x 1.2 m with pits should be provided. The area of the light opening of these windows must be taken according to the calculation, but not less than 0.2% of the floor area of these premises. The dimensions of the pit should allow the supply of a fire extinguishing agent from the foam generator and the removal of smoke using a smoke exhauster (the distance from the building wall to the boundary of the pit should be at least 0.7 m).
7.4.3 In the transverse walls of basements and technical subfloors of large-panel buildings, openings with a clear height of 1.6 m are allowed. In this case, the height of the threshold should not exceed 0.3 m.
7.4.5 On the drinking water supply network in each apartment, a separate tap with a diameter of at least 15 mm should be provided for connecting a hose equipped with a sprayer to be used as the primary device for internal fire extinguishing to eliminate the source of fire. The length of the hose should ensure the possibility of supplying water to any point in the apartment.
7.4.6 In residential buildings (in sectional buildings - in each section) with a height of more than 50 m, one of the elevators must ensure the transportation of fire departments and comply with the requirements of GOST R 53296.
8 Safety in use
8.2 The slope and width of flights of stairs and ramps, the height of the steps, the width of the treads, the width of the landings, the height of the passages on the stairs, the basement, the attic in use, as well as the dimensions of the doorways, should ensure the convenience and safety of movement and the ability to move items of equipment of the corresponding premises of the apartments and built-in in a public building. The minimum width and maximum slope of flights of stairs should be taken according to table 8.1.
Table 8.1
The height of differences in the floor level of different rooms and spaces in the building must be safe. Where necessary, handrails and ramps should be provided. The number of rises in one flight of stairs or at a level difference should be at least 3 and not more than 18. The use of stairs with different heights and depths of steps is not allowed. In multi-level apartments, indoor staircases are allowed with spiral or winder steps, while the width of the tread in the middle must be at least 18 cm.
8.3 The height of the railings of external flights of stairs and landings, balconies, loggias, terraces, roofs and in places of dangerous drops must be at least 1.2 m. Flights of stairs and landings of internal stairs must have railings with handrails at least 0.9 m high.
Fencing must be continuous, equipped with handrails and designed to absorb horizontal loads of at least 0.3 kN/m.
8.4 Constructive decisions elements of the house (including the location of voids, methods of sealing the places where pipelines pass through structures, arrangement of ventilation holes, placement of thermal insulation, etc.) should provide protection against the penetration of rodents.
8.5 Engineering systems of the building must be designed and installed taking into account the safety requirements contained in normative documents state supervision bodies and instructions of equipment manufacturers' instructions.
8.6 Engineering equipment and instruments in case of possible seismic effects must be securely fixed.
8.7 In the apartments of the upper floor or at any level of a multi-level apartment located at the last height in residential buildings of I - III degrees of fire resistance class CO, C1, it is allowed to install solid fuel fireplaces with autonomous chimneys in accordance with the Technical Regulations on Fire Safety Requirements, SP 60.13330, SP 7.13130.
8.11 On the operated roofs of residential buildings, it is necessary to ensure the safety of their use by installing appropriate fences, protecting ventilation outlets and other engineering devices located on the roof, and, if necessary, noise protection of the premises below.
On the operated roofs of built-in and attached public premises, as well as at the entrance area, on summer non-residential premises, in connecting elements between residential buildings, including open non-residential floors (ground and intermediate) used for the device sports grounds for the rest of adult residents of the house, areas for drying clothes and cleaning clothes or a solarium, the necessary security measures should be provided (device of fences and measures to protect ventilation outlets).
8.12 Electrical control rooms, rooms for headend stations (HS), technical centers (TC) of cable television, sound transformer substations (ZTP), as well as places for telephone distribution cabinets (SHRT) should not be located under rooms with wet processes (bathrooms, toilets, etc. .).
8.13 Premises of HS, shopping center, ZTP should have entrances directly from the street; the electrical room (including for communication equipment, automatic control systems, dispatching and television) must have an entrance directly from the street or from a floor-by-floor non-apartment corridor (hall); the approach to the installation site of the SHRT should also be from the indicated corridor.
9 Ensuring sanitary and epidemiological requirements
9.2 The design parameters of the air in the premises of a residential building should be taken according to SP 60.13330 and taking into account the optimal standards of GOST 30494. The air exchange rate in the premises in the maintenance mode should be taken in accordance with Table 9.1.
Table 9.1
room
The amount of air exchange
Bedroom, common room, children's room with a total area of an apartment for one person less than 20 m 2
3 m 3 / h per 1 m 2 of living space
The same, with a total area of an apartment for one person more than 20 m 2
30 m 3 / h per person, but not less than 0.35 h 1
Pantry, linen, dressing room
Kitchen with electric stove
Room with gas-using equipment
A room with heat generators with a total heat output of up to 50 kW:
with open combustion chamber
with closed combustion chamber
1.0 m3/h **
Bathroom, shower room, toilet, combined bathroom
Elevator engine room
By calculation
Garbage chamber
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* Air exchange by multiplicity should be determined by the total volume of the apartment.
** When installing a gas stove, air exchange should be increased by 100 m 3 / h
Note - The frequency of air exchange in rooms for other purposes should be determined according to SNiP 31-06 and SP 60.13330.
9.3 In the course of thermotechnical calculation of enclosing structures of residential buildings, the internal air temperature of heated rooms should be taken as at least 20°С, relative humidity - 50%.
9.4 The heating and ventilation system of the building must be designed to ensure that the indoor air temperature during the heating season is within the optimal parameters established by GOST 30494, with the design parameters of the outdoor air for the respective construction areas.
When installing an air conditioning system, optimal parameters must also be ensured in the warm season.
In buildings erected in areas with an estimated outdoor temperature of minus 40 ° C and below, heating of the floor surface of living rooms and kitchens, as well as public premises with permanent stay of people located above cold undergrounds, should be provided, or thermal protection should be provided in accordance with requirements of SP 50.13330.
9.6 In living rooms and kitchens, air is supplied through adjustable window sashes, transoms, vents, dampers or other devices, including self-contained wall dampers with adjustable opening. Apartments designed for climatic regions III and IV must be provided with horizontal through or corner ventilation within the area of apartments, as well as vertical ventilation through shafts in accordance with the requirements of SP 60.13330.
9.7 Removal of air should be provided from kitchens, latrines, bathrooms and, if necessary, from other rooms of the apartments, while installation of adjustable ventilation grilles and valves on the exhaust ducts and air ducts should be provided.
Air from rooms that may emit harmful substances or unpleasant odors must be removed directly to the outside and not enter other rooms of the building, including through ventilation ducts.
Combining ventilation ducts from kitchens, latrines, bathrooms (showers), combined bathrooms, pantries for products with ventilation ducts from rooms with gas-using equipment and parking lots is not allowed.
9.10 In the outer walls of basements, technical undergrounds and a cold attic that do not have exhaust ventilation, ventilation should be provided with a total area of at least 1/400 of the floor area of the technical underground or basement, evenly spaced along the perimeter of the outer walls. The area of one vent must be at least 0.05 m2.
9.11 The duration of insolation of apartments (premises) of a residential building should be taken in accordance with the requirements of SanPiN 2.2.1 / 2.1.1.1076 and SanPiN 2.1.2.2645.
The normalized duration of insolation should be provided: in one-, two- and three-room apartments- at least one living room; in four-room apartments and more - in at least two living rooms.
9.12 Natural lighting should have living rooms and kitchens (except for kitchen niches), public premises built into residential buildings, except for premises whose placement is allowed in the basement floors in accordance with SNiP 31-06.
9.16 When illuminated through light openings in the outer walls of common corridors, their length should not exceed: if there is a light opening at one end - 24 m, at two ends - 48 m. If the corridors are longer, it is necessary to provide additional natural lighting through light pockets. The distance between two light pockets should be no more than 24 m, and between the light pocket and the light opening at the end of the corridor - no more than 30 m. The width of the light pocket, which can serve as a staircase, should be at least 1.5 m. the pocket is allowed to illuminate corridors up to 12 m long, located on both sides of it.
9.18 External building envelopes must have thermal insulation, insulation from the penetration of outside cold air and vapor barrier from the diffusion of water vapor from the premises, providing:
the required temperature and the absence of moisture condensation on the internal surfaces of structures inside the premises;
preventing the accumulation of excess moisture in structures.
The temperature difference between the internal air and the surface of the structures of the external walls at the design temperature of the internal air must comply with the requirements of SP 50.13330.
9.19 In I - III climatic regions, at all external entrances to residential buildings (except for entrances from the external air zone to a smoke-free staircase), vestibules with a depth of at least 1.5 m should be provided.
Double vestibules at entrances to residential buildings (except for entrances from the outer air zone to a smoke-free staircase) should be designed depending on the number of storeys of buildings and the area of their construction in accordance with Table 9.2.
Table 9.2
9.20 The premises of the building must be protected from the penetration of rain, melt and ground water and possible household water leaks from engineering systems by structural means and technical devices.
9.22 It is not allowed to place a toilet and a bath (or a shower) directly above the living rooms and kitchens. Placing a toilet and a bathroom (or shower) on the upper level above the kitchen is allowed in apartments located on two levels.
9.23 During the construction of buildings in areas where, according to engineering and environmental surveys, there are emissions of soil gases (radon, methane, etc.), measures must be taken to isolate floors and basement walls in contact with the ground in order to prevent the penetration of soil gas from the soil into the building , and other measures to reduce its concentration in accordance with the requirements of the relevant sanitary standards.
9.24a When residential buildings are located on a territory with an increased level of traffic noise, noise reduction in residential buildings should be carried out by applying: special noise-proof layout and (or) structural and technical means of noise protection, including: properties.
9.25 Noise levels from engineering equipment and other in-house noise sources should not exceed the established permissible levels and by no more than 2 dBA exceed the background values determined when the in-house noise source is not working, both during the day and at night.
9.26 To ensure an acceptable noise level, it is not allowed to fix sanitary appliances and pipelines directly to inter-apartment walls and partitions enclosing living rooms; them, as well as adjacent to them.
9.26a When arranging bathrooms for bedrooms, it is recommended, according to the design assignment, in order to protect against noise, to separate them from each other by built-in wardrobes between them.
9.27 The supply of drinking water to the house should be provided from the centralized water supply network of the settlement. In areas without centralized engineering networks for one-, two-story buildings, it is allowed to provide for individual and collective sources of water supply from underground aquifers or from reservoirs at the rate of a daily consumption of household and drinking water of at least 60 liters per person. In areas with limited water resources, the estimated daily water consumption may be reduced in agreement with the territorial bodies of Rospotrebnadzor.
9.28 For the disposal of wastewater, a sewerage system must be provided - centralized or local in accordance with the rules established in SP 30.13330.
Wastewater must be removed without polluting the territory and aquifers.
9.31 Residential floors (except for blocked buildings) and floors with premises for preschool and medical institutions should be separated from the parking lot by a technical floor or a floor with non-residential premises to protect against the ingress of exhaust gases and above-standard noise levels.
9.32 In multi-apartment residential buildings on the first, basement or basement floors, a pantry for cleaning equipment equipped with a sink should be provided.
10 Durability and maintainability
10.6 It should be possible to access the equipment, fittings and devices of engineering systems of the building and their connections for inspection, maintenance, repair and replacement.
The equipment and pipelines must be fixed on the building structures of the building in such a way that their performance is not disturbed by possible movements of the structures.
11 Energy saving
11.3 When evaluating the energy efficiency of a building according to its thermal performance building structures and engineering systems, the requirements of this set of rules are considered to be met under the following conditions:
1) the reduced resistance to heat transfer and the air permeability of enclosing structures are not lower than those required by SP 50.13330;
2) heating, ventilation, air conditioning and hot water systems have automatic or manual regulation;
3) the engineering systems of the building are equipped with metering devices for heat energy, cold and hot water, electricity and gas with a centralized supply.
11.4 When evaluating the energy efficiency of a building according to a complex indicator of specific energy consumption for its heating and ventilation, the requirements of this set of rules are considered to be met if the calculated value of specific energy consumption to maintain normalized microclimate and air quality parameters in the building does not exceed the maximum allowable normative value. In this case, the third condition 11.3 must be satisfied.
______________________________
*(1) The height of the building is determined by the difference in the marks of the passage surface for fire engines and the lower boundary of the opening opening (window) in the outer wall of the upper floor, including the attic. In this case, the upper technical floor is not taken into account.
*(2) Classification of cities - according to SP 42.13330.
*(3) The time of restriction of operation may be specified by local governments.
*(4) Under Article 19 of the Housing Code of the Russian Federation.
Annex A
(mandatory)Regulations
Annex B
(reference)Terms and Definitions
Annex B
(mandatory)Rules for determining the area of a building and its premises, building area, number of storeys and building volume
Annex D
(mandatory)Minimum number of passenger lifts
Bibliography
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