Thousands of buildings, hundreds of skyscrapers and dozens of skyscrapers are built every year all over the world. Some of the presented structures are recognizable all over the world, while others are masterpieces of architecture. In this rating, we will talk about the 20 tallest skyscrapers in the world for 2012. The height of buildings takes into account the spiers and masts on their rooftops. In addition to the location, height and number of storeys of buildings, we briefly describe their features.
Opens the rating of the tallest skyscrapers Central Plaza - the third tallest skyscraper in Hong Kong. It was built in 1992 and has a height of 374 meters. This skyscraper has 81 floors, 3 of which are underground. The shape of the building resembles a three-dimensional triangle or pyramid. The tower mainly houses company offices and technical floors. A 102-meter mast rises on the roof of the building, inside of which there is a church.
Emirates Park Towers is a 77-storey hotel, consisting of two towers with a height of 376 meters each. This tallest hotel in the world was built in 2011 and each tower consists of two basement levels, ground floor, six-level parking, seventy floors with balconies. The skyscraper also has outdoor terraces, 18 restaurants and cafes, a business center, a conference room, an extensive banquet hall, a spa and health club, shops, a swimming pool and a gym.
This 85-story skyscraper was built in 1997 in Kaohsiung, Taiwan. The height of the building is 378 meters. The skyscraper has an original design in the form of a tooth: two separate 39-story buildings are connected together and hold the central tower towering upwards. Thus, the building copies the outlines of the Chinese character "gao", which means "high", present in the name of the city. In addition to offices, the skyscraper houses residential areas, shopping center, hotel and observation deck on the 75th floor.
This tower was built in 1996 in the Chinese city of Shenzhen, with a height of 384 meters, it consists of 69 floors, most of which are occupied by offices, apartments and shopping centers. It is the tallest steel building in China. There are 34 elevators inside the building, and an observation deck is located on the roof. The active construction of the building was facilitated by the status of a free trade zone. A small fishing village within twenty years has become a metropolis with a population of 4 million.
CITIC Tower is an 80-storey skyscraper with a height of 391 meters, located in Guangzhou, China. Built in 1997 in Tianhe District, it is part of a complex with the same name, which also houses two 38-story residential buildings. The skyscraper, which mainly houses offices and shops, is served by 36 elevators. As of early 2007, it was the third tallest building in China.
The Al Hamra skyscraper was built in Kuwait's capital city of Kuwait in 2011. The skyscraper of 74 floors and a height of 412 meters is the tallest building in the country. The peculiarity of this skyscraper lies in a rather unusual form for structures of this type. The fact is that the tower of Al Hamra is asymmetrical. It is made in the form of the traditional clothes of the inhabitants of the country fluttering in the wind. Moreover, the main building material when erecting this 80- storey building became cement. The building houses offices, a cinema, a sports club, restaurants and an observation deck overlooking the Persian Gulf.
Hong Kong International Financial Center Tower built in 2003 on the waterfront central region cities. It has a height of 415 meters and consists of 88 floors, which makes it the tallest building in Hong Kong. It is assumed that the building can accommodate 15,000 people. It should be noted that not all of the 88 floors exist in reality. Some "taboo floors" are omitted, such as 14 and 24, which sound like "quite dead" and "easy to die" respectively in Cantonese. The top floor of the second international financial center is located slightly above the city's landmark - Victoria Peak.
This skyscraper was built in 1998 in the Chinese city of Shanghai. The height of the 88-storey building is 421 meters. The main proportion of this building is the number 8, which in Chinese culture is associated with well-being. The 88 floors are divided into 16 segments, each one 1/8 shorter than the sixteen-story base. The skyscraper is built on an octagonal concrete central frame surrounded by eight huge composite columns and eight external steel columns. The building houses offices, shops and a hotel.
It was in the United States that the tallest buildings in the world began to appear. This skyscraper hotel in Chicago is the second tallest building in the United States. It has 92 floors and its height is 423 meters. The building project includes retail space, a garage, a hotel and condominiums. The skyscraper consists of three parts, which is in the style of the architecture of Chicago buildings. The height of each part is at the level of the adjacent building to ensure visual continuity with the surrounding landscape. From the 3rd to the 12th floors there is a lobby, retail spaces and a garage. The health club and spa is located on the 14th floor. From the 17th to the 21st - hotels and executive halls. From the 28th to the 85th are condominiums, and from the 86th to the 89th are penthouses.
The tower was built in 2011 in the city of Shenzhen, China's Guangdong province. With a height of 442 meters, the building consists of 100 floors. The upper four floors house a hanging garden and several restaurants, while the lower floors house the luxury brand of shops, restaurants and supermarkets KK Mall, 68 floors are occupied by an A-class office center, and a six-star hotel is located on 22 floors. It also houses Shenzhen's first IMAX cinema.
This tower is the western part of the Guangzhou Twin Tower complex under construction in Guangzhou. The West Tower of the Guangzhou Twin Towers is 441 meters high and has 103 floors. A 28-story building is also part of the West Tower complex, connected to the tower by a 4-story common basement. The streamlined shape of the skyscraper allows you to optimally level the impact on the structure of air flows.
In ninth place in our ranking of the tallest skyscrapers is one of the most famous buildings - the Empire State Building in New York City, USA. This skyscraper was built in 1931, its height is 443 meters, with the number of floors - 102. Today, the tower is the tallest building in the city. This building is on the list of National Historic Landmarks of the United States, and in 200 took 1st place in the list of the best architectural solutions according to the American Institute of Architects. The building houses offices, shopping centers, observation decks. The hall is 30 meters long and 3 floors high, finished with marble and decorated with 8 panels depicting 7 wonders of the world and the eighth is the Empire State Building itself. Taking the elevator in a minute, you can get to the observation deck on the 86th or 102nd floor.
Nanjing Greenland Financial Center is a 450-meter high skyscraper with 89 floors built in 2009 in Nanjing, China. The building houses the business center of the city - office space, shops, shopping centers and restaurants, there is also a public observatory. The 72nd floor has an observation deck that offers panoramic views of the city of Nanjing and the neighboring Yangtze Rivers, two lakes and the Ningzheng Mountains. Based on the small size of the triangle of the area under construction, the building itself was decided to make the same shape. The project combined three conceptual positions: the famous landscape gardens, the Yangtze River in China, and the motifs of Chinese mythology, with its inherent dragons and iconography on the columns.
The Petronas Towers are two 88-storey skyscrapers with a height of 452 meters, each of which consists of 88 floors. Skyscrapers were built in 1998 in the capital of Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur. The buildings stand on soft ground, for which purpose piles were driven into it to a depth of more than 100 meters. It is currently the largest concrete foundation in the world. The Petronas Towers houses offices, exhibition and conference rooms, and an art gallery. The towers are connected by a covered passage in the form of a bridge, which ensures fire safety of the building.
The John Hancock Center is a 100-story skyscraper in Chicago built in 1969. main feature skyscraper lies in its hollow structure, resembling a large quadrangular column. The height of the building is 457 meters, and it consists of 100 floors served by 50 elevators. The skyscraper houses both office and residential premises, shops, gyms and restaurants.
The Hong Kong International Commerce Center has 118 floors and a height of 484 meters. It was built in 2010 in the western part of the Kowloon district of Hong Kong. This is the tallest building in the city. The top of the tower, from floors 102 to 118 inclusive, is occupied by a five-star hotel operated by the Ritz-Carlton. The hotel is located at an altitude of 425 m above the ground, which makes it the tallest hotel in the world. On the top floor, 118th floor of the hotel, there is a swimming pool. This is the highest swimming pool in the world.
The Shanghai World Financial Center is a skyscraper in Shanghai, the construction of which was completed in the summer of 2008. The height of the center is 492 meters, and it consists of 101 floors. The building has passed all the tests for seismic resistance and can withstand an earthquake of up to seven points. When designing, three options for saving people in case of fire were used: stairs in the middle of the building, elevators on the sides of the building, as well as protected floors. A secure floor is found on every twelfth floor. It is designed to shelter people from a fire until the arrival of rescuers. Each such floor has its own reinforced concrete frame, which divides the entire building into sections and increases its strength properties.
The top three of the highest skyscrapers in the world is closed by Taipei 101 - a skyscraper located in the capital of Taiwan - Taipei, and built in 2003. The number of storeys of the skyscraper is 101 floors, the height is 509 meters. The multi-storey shopping complex in the tower contains hundreds of shops, restaurants and clubs. The lower floors are shopping malls, while the upper floors are offices. This skyscraper houses some of the fastest elevators in the world, rising at a speed of 63 km/h. The glass, steel and aluminum building is supported by 380 concrete pillars, each of which sinks 80 meters into the ground. The danger of collapse during a hurricane or earthquake is reduced by a huge 660-ton pendulum ball placed between the 87th and 91st floors. The architectural style of the building in the spirit of postmodernism combines modern traditions and ancient Chinese architecture.
The tallest skyscraper in the United States is located in Chicago. The height of the skyscraper is 527 meters, the number of floors is 110. The building was built in 1973 and since then has held the title of the tallest building in the world for 25 years. The structure consists of nine square pipes forming a large square at the base of the building. It stands on concrete piles with stone fill, driven into the underlying hard rock. Nine welded steel pipes. Then the building begins to narrow. Seven more pipes go up to the 66th floor, and five go up to the 90th floor, and only two pipes form the remaining 20 floors. There are two television antennas on the roof. Willis Tower is the largest office building in the world, in terms of area, it is second only to the Pentagon. This building has 40 km of plumbing pipes, 2,400 km of wires, and 104 elevators.
So we come to the first place, which is rightfully occupied by the highest building on the planet - the Burj Khalifa. This building, resembling a stalagmite in shape, consists of 163 floors and rises to 828 meters. This giant was built in 2010 in the largest city of the UAE - Dubai. The Dubai Tower was designed as a "city within a city" - with its own lawns, boulevards and parks. Inside the complex there are apartments, offices, shopping centers and a hotel. The building has 3 separate entrances: the entrance to the hotel, the entrance to the apartments and the entrance to the office premises. The Armani Hotel and offices occupy floors 1 to 39. The hotel was designed by Giorgio Armani himself. 900 apartments occupy floors from 44 to 108. Office premises occupy floors from 111 to 154. On the 43rd and 76th floors there are gyms, swimming pools, observation decks with a jacuzzi. The highest observation deck is located on the 124th floor at an altitude of 505 meters. On the 122nd floor there is the Atmosfera restaurant with 80 seats - a restaurant located at the highest altitude in the world. The artificial tower above the main building, in addition to its decorative function, also has a communication function, since it is equipped with the necessary telecommunications equipment.
An apartment building differs from an individual one in that it has several separate exits to a land or apartment plot. Also, houses are recognized as multi-apartment houses, the height of which exceeds 3 floors, including underground, basement, attic, etc.
Allocate the following classification residential buildings, which differ in the number of floors:
The number of storeys of a building is considered solely by the number of floors above ground. When calculating the number of storeys, not only the value from floor to ceiling is taken into account, but also the value of inter-storey ceilings.
AT modern projects The "golden mean" is the height of one floor of 2.8-3.3 m.
construction multi-storey buildings only highly qualified specialists are involved, because this business requires not only high costs, but also has many nuances.
There are the following types of multi-storey buildings:
Permitting authorities follow the order of development and agree on documents for individual housing construction according to RSN 70-88. Thanks to them, not only the accuracy of building up the site is determined, but also the layout of the dwelling and auxiliary buildings. This project needs to be well thought out, because what is not displayed in the plan will be recognized unauthorized structure and is subject to demolition or re-approval.
Without permission, that is, before the approval of the plan and receipt of documents, work should not begin, otherwise serious problems may arise. In order to find out exactly what documents are required to start building, you should read the "Code of rules for the design and construction of SP 11-III-99".
In 2010, SNiPs were recognized as binding rules. They regulate activities in the field of urban planning, as well as engineering work, design and construction.
In order to obtain permission, you need to contact the BTI or the architectural department of the city to provide:
Once issued, the permit is valid for 10 years.
The number of storeys of an individual residential building is calculated based on the number of residents and personal preferences. The minimum height of a room according to SNiP is 2.5 m. If the height does not meet these parameters and turns out to be lower, then this room will be considered unsuitable for habitation.
How many floors can be built on the site? On an individual plot it is permissible to build three storey building about 9 meters high. In this case, both underground and above-ground premises are taken into account.
Many are interested in the question of what can be erected and how many floors can be built independently on a garden plot? In addition to outbuildings, it is possible to build a dwelling on the garden plot that is not suitable for registration. When erecting buildings on a garden plot, SNiP should be followed.
Once again, we made a small outing around the city. The reason for this was the purchase of a tripod and a new Canon 17-40mm lens.
On the eve of the Chinese New Year, everything is decorated with Chinese red lanterns and sparkles brightly.
Walking along the embankment, we noticed that many bridges are very beautifully illuminated.
And they have different lighting.
I have long wanted to take a picture of Guangzhou Tower with central square, but without a tripod in the evening - one frustration.
The second tallest TV tower in the world.
Built in 2005-2010 by ARUP for the 2010 Asian Games.
The height of the TV tower is 600 meters.
Glazed observation platforms are located at heights of 33, 116, 168 and 449 meters, and an open observation platform is located at a height of 488 meters.
Revolving restaurants are located at 418 and 428 meters, and there is a "VIP Cafe" at 407 meters.
(Source: Wikipedia)
One of the tallest buildings in the city - 100 floors
The Guangzhou International Finance Center, or Guangzhou West Tower, is a 103-story, 440.2 m (1,444 ft) tall skyscraper on Zhujiang Avenue West in the Tianhe District in Guangzhou, China.
Floors 1 to 66 are used as offices, floors 67 to 68 are mechanical equipment, floors 69 to 98 are used as the Four Seasons Hotel, and 99 and 100 are the observation deck.
The hotel lobby is located on the 70th floor. From it you can see a wonderful view of the city. The building was completed in 2010.
The next building stands out for its non-Chinese architecture. This is the building of the ABC Bank (Agricultural Bank of China)
This is where our walk ended, we will definitely come back here again ... and more than once.
To enter the top ten tallest buildings in the Russian capital, any new skyscraper under construction must be higher than 213 m.
Photo: Depositphotos/Yurkaimmortal
The main attractions of Moscow now can be called not only old buildings in the city center, but also skyscrapers.
There are 87 buildings in the capital, the height of which exceeds 100 m.
The history of metropolitan skyscrapers began in 1953, when the main building of Moscow State University, 240 m high, was built. This building remained the highest until 2003, when the Triumph Palace skyscraper was built.
By the way, the tallest buildings in the capital were built over the past 10-15 years.
The editors of RBC-Real Estate decided to compile a selection of the tallest buildings in Moscow.
LCD “House on Mosfilmovskaya” -213 m
Photo: Depositphotos/kostya6969
Residential complex "House on Mosfilmovskaya" is located on Pyrieva Street in Moscow. The house consists of two buildings. The height of the highest is 213 m, 53 floors are located here. The second complex with a height of 132 m consists of 34 floors. The house was put into operation at the end of 2011. This is one of the landmark projects of the Donstroy company. Additionally, the complex includes separate buildings located on the common stylobate part, a shopping center and an 11-storey office building. The total area of the complex, designed by the architect Sergei Skuratov, is 195 thousand square meters. m.
Imreria Tower -237.7 m
The multifunctional complex Imreria Tower is part of the Moscow City business center. It is planned that the complex will consist of two buildings. The height of the already built building is 237.7 m. The 60-storey building with an area of 290.1 thousand sq. m was commissioned at the end of 2011. It houses class A office space, as well as residential premises, a hotel and retail space. The building also houses a fitness club, spa area, boutiques, restaurants, cafes, a congress hall and parking. The second (frontal) building is an entertainment complex, which will become the leisure center of the entire Moscow-City MIBC.
Main building of Moscow State University -240 m
Photo: Fotoimedia / Russian Look
The main building of the Moscow State University complex on Sparrow Hills was built in 1953. This building is from the mid 2000s. was considered the highest in the capital. Its height together with the spire is 240 m. The skyscraper has 34 floors. In the main sector A there are the Faculty of Geology, the Faculty of Mechanics and Mathematics and the Faculty of Geography, the Rector's Office and Administration, the Scientific Library, the Museum of Geosciences, the Assembly Hall and the Palace of Culture of Moscow State University with a large hall for 640 seats, a meeting room and an observation deck. In the side sectors of the building there are apartments for teachers, as well as a hostel for students and graduate students.
Tower "West" -243 m
Photo: Depositphotos/smastepanov2012
Tower "West" - a skyscraper, which is also part of the MIBC "Moscow City". This is a project of two architects: Sergei Tchoban and Peter Schweger. The height of the tower, which has 63 floors, is 243 m. an electronic clock was installed on the building. Located at an altitude of 229 m, they were recognized as the highest in the world and entered the Guinness Book of Records.
"City of capitals", tower "St. Petersburg" -256.9 m
Photo: Depositphotos/vvoennyy
The St. Petersburg Tower is part of the City of Capitals complex of two high-rise towers in the Moscow City area. The building has 69 floors. The height of the tower is 256.9 m. There are residential apartments and office space here.
"Triumph Palace" -264 m
Photo: Depositphotos/doroshin
The height of the Triumph Palace residential skyscraper is 264 m. After the installation of the spire, the building became the tallest residential skyscraper in Europe, which was recorded in the Guinness Book of Records at the end of 2003. The towers of the Moscow International Business Center "Moscow City" at that time were just beginning to rise above the ground, and for some time the "Triumph Palace" was the tallest building in Moscow. Several sections of the building were lifted up by helicopters. The complex of the building consists of 45 floors. "Triumph Palace" is a building of neoclassical and postmodern architecture in the Stalinist style of the 1950s, consists of 9 sections of different heights. The building is faced with marble, travertine and porcelain stoneware. The area inside the building exceeds 168.6 thousand square meters. m.
Waterfront Tower, Tower C -268 m
The height of tower C in a complex of three buildings of different heights on the 10th section of the Moscow City district is 268 m. The building has 59 floors. The construction of the tower was completed in 2007. Now the offices of the largest companies are located here.
“City of Capitals”, “Moscow Tower” -301 m
Tower "Moskva" with a height of more than 301 m became the third highest in Europe. The skyscraper has 76 floors. Here are residential apartments, some of which belong to Sberbank.
"Eurasia" -309 m
The project of the skyscraper "Eurasia" as part of "Moscow-City" is an office and recreational complex on a three-story podium, which will house a fitness center and shops. It is also planned to place offices and residential apartments in the building. As conceived by the architects, outwardly the tower will have classic look combined with modernity. Outside the building, from the side of the Federation Tower, it is planned to place a triangular bay window. The height of the tower will reach 309 m and will be 75 floors (70 ground and 5 underground). The building is currently undergoing internal Finishing work. The project is scheduled to be commissioned this year.
"Mercury City Tower" - 338.8 m
Photo: Alexander Zemlianichenko Jr. Bloomberg via Getty Images
"Mercury City" - the highest skyscraper in Europe, which is located on the territory of MIBC "Moscow City". Its height is 338.8 m. The building consists of 75 floors. The total floor area of the skyscraper is 180,000 sq.m., of which 86,000 sq.m. are provided for A+ class office space, 20,000 sq.m. m - residential apartments of the "luxury" category. The building was designed by Russian architect Mikhail Posokhin and his American colleague Frank Williams.
Over 100 floors, countless mutants on the way down, and only one way out of the building into the city. No, this is not about your real estate, and this is not even a dream. This is a hotel survival game - skyhill, which will be discussed in our review.
At first glance, the history of the game may seem banal and not interesting. Our hero ends up in a hotel SKYHILL, in which he rents a room on the hundredth floor. And then, out of nowhere, a biological explosion occurs, after which all hotel guests and employees turn into mutants, all except your boyfriend in a tie. The mutants that now inhabit the hotel are not X-men for you, do not expect good from them, since in the game they are the main threat to the player. To survive, our hero will have to go down 100 floors and fight many enemies.
The plot of the game does not bode anything interesting, but this is only at first glance, as we progress we have to appease a lot of interesting details about our heroes and the game world, finding various notes along the way. In addition, the plot in the game is not linear, so you will have the opportunity to complete the game in three ways, that's how many endings there are in the game. We note right away that not all of them are positive, so you have to cry a little. It is also worth noting the presentation of the plot, which was made on high level. In the form of high-quality illustrated and voiced comics. All this fits perfectly into the overall style of the game.
