Chapter 1. Analysis of the current state of the economy of informatization and communication of railway transport
1.1. Formulation of the problem
1.2. Analysis of the current state of the railway communication network 14
2.1. Organizational and economic prerequisites for reforming informatization and communications at Russian Railways
2.2. Stages of reforming the economy of informatization and communications of Russian railways
Chapter 3. Fundamental Provisions of the Definition economic efficiency reorganization measures
3.1. Financial and mathematical foundations for determining the value of money in time
3.2. The main criteria for the effectiveness of an investment project and methods for their calculation
3.3. Methodology for assessing the effectiveness of reforming the economy of informatization and communications based on industry indicators
Chapter 4. Determination of the most economical effective option reforming the economy of informatization and communication of railway transport
4.2. Assessment of the economic efficiency of reforming the communications economy of the Department of Informatization and Communications (option 91 No. 4)
4.3. Evaluation of the economic efficiency of reforming the communications economy according to option No. 4 102 Conclusion 105 Bibliography
On the basis of the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation dated May 18, 2001 "On the program of structural reform for railway transport"reformation of railway transport is carried out in order to:
Improving the stability of the railway transport, its availability, safety and quality of services provided to ensure a single economic space of the country and a nationwide economic development;
Formation of a single harmonious transport system of the country;
Reducing the total national economic costs for the transportation of goods by rail;
Meeting the growing demand for rail transport services.
The fulfillment of the set goals determines the large-scale introduction of information management and telecommunication technologies throughout the entire railway network, based on a single information space and an interconnected communication network.
The implementation of the "Concept for creating a digital communication network of the Ministry of Railways of Russia", which provides for the phased development of communications on railways for the period 1997-2005, is among the priority areas for introducing the achievements of scientific and technological progress in the field of information and communication in railway transport. Implementation progressive systems communication is responsible economic policy in railway transport, the most important tasks of which are to increase revenues by increasing the volume of freight and passenger traffic, improving train traffic safety and saving resources, reducing operating costs as a result of improving the use of fixed assets and increasing the productivity of industry workers. The implementation of the Concept of creating a digital communication network is based on the use of a fiber-optic communication line (FOCL), designed primarily to satisfy the need for communication channels of the railways themselves (technological segment), and, if there are free communication channels, to provide commercial communication services to the population and legal entities with different organizational and legal forms of activity (commercial segment).
To date, more than 45,000 km of backbone fiber-optic data transmission lines have been put into operation with the installation of equipment for transmission systems of the synchronous digital hierarchy (SDH).
The most important problem the use of the implemented measures and the further development of a fiber-optic communication line (FOCL) in railway transport is a feasibility study of the economic efficiency of investment costs for the implementation of FOCL. Evaluation of the economic efficiency of introducing fiber-optic communication on Russian railways is a complex problem that requires comprehensive consideration the influence of FOCL on the functioning of both the railway transport as a whole and its individual structural and functional divisions in conjunction with automation of control in the technological, economic and social spheres of the industry.
In addition, "the lack of a sufficiently scientifically based methodological and regulatory framework to determine the economic efficiency of using a digital communication system based on FOCL in railway transport, especially in the technological segment, complicate the production of calculations to identify economic effects from the use of fiber-optic communication and calculate the indicators of economic efficiency of investment costs for the creation and development of FOCL on railways.
To carry out this dissertation work, a significant amount of technical and economic information was collected and processed at the Ministry of Railways of Russia, TransTeleCom "e, on railways, GiprotransTEI of the Ministry of Railways of Russia, Giprotranssignalsvyaz of the Ministry of Railways of Russia, Mosgiprotrans, VNIIUP" e, VNIIZhT "e and other industrial and scientific organizations. This required the involvement of a wide range of specialists from MIIT, VNIIZhT, LIIZhT, Moscow, Oktyabrskaya Far Eastern and other railways, design organizations Mosgiprotrans and Moszheldorproekt.
Thus, a study devoted to the problems of reforming the economy of informatization and communications on the Russian railways and the development of a methodology that allows you to get the most reliable and complete assessment of the comparative effectiveness of all options reforming, with the proper quality of fulfillment of the intended goals, is of great relevance.
The main purpose of the presented work is the development and practical application of a methodology for assessing the economic efficiency of reforming the communications economy in railway transport.
To achieve this goal, the following main tasks are solved: analysis of the current situation in the railway transport communications economy in order to identify organizational shortcomings and ways to improve the efficiency of the production and economic activities of the economy;
Analysis of existing methods and approaches to evaluating the effectiveness of reorganization measures in order to determine the possibility of their use and development, taking into account the specifics of the functioning of railway communications;
Development of a calculation methodology economic effect arising as a result of reforming the communications economy of railway transport;
Determining the amount of one-time costs required to reform the communications economy of railway transport;
Comprehensive assessment of the economic efficiency of reforming the communications economy of railway transport according to the options for its reform;
Calculation of the payback period for one-time costs according to the planned variant of the organizational and legal form of communication operation.
Research methods. The theoretical and methodological basis of the study are the scientific works of specialists in the field of railway transport economics: Abramov A.P., Barkov H.N., Belova I.V., Bolotina A.V., Volkov B.A., Galaburda V.G., Gibshman A.E. , Efanova A.N., Ivanova V.R., Lisenkova V.M., Tereshina N.P., Tolkacheva M.M., Trikhunkova M.F., Khachaturova T.S., Shishkova A.D., Shulgi V.Ya., etc.
The object of research is the economy of railway transport communications.
The subject of the study is the economic efficiency of reforming the railway transport communications economy.
The scientific novelty of the dissertation work consists in: development and substantiation of a set of criteria for evaluating the economic results of reforming the communications economy of railway transport; methodology development integrated assessment economic efficiency of reforming the communications economy of railway transport;
Determination of the most effective variant of the organizational and legal form of functioning of the communications economy in the context of reforming the railway transport;
The practical value lies in the possibility of applying the results of this work when choosing an option for reforming the communications economy and assessing its economic efficiency.
Approbation of work. The results of the dissertation research have found application in improving the organizational structure of the management of informatization and communication services on the Gorky and Moscow railways. The main provisions of the dissertation were presented at the 1st and 2nd Interdepartmental scientific and practical conferences "Telecommunication technologies in the transport of Russia", (Sochi, 2003, 2004), the Fourth scientific and practical conference "Train traffic safety", (Moscow, 2003 .), and were also discussed and approved at a meeting of the Department of Economics of Construction Production, Moscow State University of Railway Engineering (MIIT).
Publications. On the topic of the dissertation, 7 scientific papers have been published in the open press.
Work structure. The dissertation consists of an introduction, four chapters, a conclusion and a list of references. The content is presented on 116 typewritten sheets, including 6 figures and 9 tables. The list of references contains 85 titles.
Conclusion
Based on the study, the following conclusions can be drawn:
1. The theory and practice of using symmetrical wire data transmission lines on Russian railways shows that by the end of 1994 they had exhausted their network resource not only for the introduction of modern information and control technologies of the 21st century, but also for the operational management of railway transport based on the transmission the simplest telephone and telegraph messages, especially because of their low quality (in terms of intelligibility, reliability, reliability, etc.).
2. The creation of digital primary and secondary communication networks on Russian railways with the widespread use of modern fiber-optic, radio relay and satellite transmission lines in combination with digital transmission and switching equipment confirmed the correctness of the chosen direction for upgrading the departmental communication network. This created the necessary prerequisites for a radical expansion of the range of services to information consumers and provided conditions for the introduction of state-of-the-art information technologies in railway transport for its effective management.
3. The system of technical operation of a digital communication network based on a unified centralized management makes it possible to ensure high quality indicators of the stable functioning of the network while minimizing operating costs. For STE FOCL MCSS, modern standards have been developed and are being applied in practice for its maintenance and provision of communication services (availability factor Кг > 0.9995, recovery time Tvosst< 2 ч при наличии резервных обходов и < 6 ч без них), что по объективным причинам отсутствует на аналоговой сети связи.
4. All proposed transformations related to the reform of the communications economy are carried out under the following conditions:
Not exceeding the limits on the number of technical personnel and operating costs of the industry;
Unconditional provision of train traffic safety requirements and work performance rules;
Opportunities to obtain additional sources of income from commercial activities and reinvestment of part of the profit in the modernization of the existing means of communication of Russian Railways;
Promotions social welfare communications workers.
5. To select a cost-effective variant of reforming the communications economy, a methodology is proposed that allows maximizing the net present value and estimating the payback period for one-time costs.
For various options for reforming the communications economy, dependencies are given for determining annual operating effects, taking into account the functioning of both analog and digital communication systems in railway transport.
6. Based on the proposed assessment methodology and the performed calculations, it has been established that the most cost-effective option for reforming the communications economy is the creation of a single communications operator (UOS), created on the basis of TransTeleCom Company CJSC or Russian Railways OJSC, when CTTK CJSC merges into its composition.
The payback period for one-time costs for the creation of the UGS is 3.5 years, which is less than the average payback period for investment projects (7-8 years) implemented in railway transport.
7. Reduced economic calculations show that by the end of 2005 the reforming of the communication economy according to the above principle and the introduction of a new organizational and managerial model at the ADSS will allow:
Improve the quality of telecommunications support for the transportation process;
Reduce the number of operational personnel;
Reduce operating costs by 10-15%;
To bring the level of digitalization of the communication network of Russian Railways to 65-70% of the operational length of Russian Railways - largely due to savings on technical operation costs and an increase in income from operator activities at ADSS.
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Pyotr Manevich, CEO The Central Communications Station - a branch of Russian Railways: “Our linear enterprises have been enlarged - 221 divisions have been replaced by 73 regional communication centers. This, of course, increased the efficiency of farm management.
The Central Communications Station in the year of its 90th anniversary becomes a branch of Russian Railways
This year, the 90th anniversary of the Central Communications Station (CSS), a branch of Russian Railways, coincided with the start of the second stage of reforming the communications economy. Many see a certain symbolism in this. Indeed, it is on April 1, 2008 that a full-fledged branch of Russian Railways will begin to function, which is entrusted with the task of providing communication services to all divisions of the company. The CCC will be at the head of the new structure.
Pyotr Manevich spoke about the main tasks of the second stage of reforming the communications economy and the results of the previous "Hook".
- Pyotr Yulianovich, the first stage of reforming the communications economy is nearing completion. How do you evaluate its results?
“I think we have achieved good results. In less than two years, a huge amount of work has been done. In particular, new business entities have been formed on the railways - directorates of communications. There was an enlargement of our linear enterprises - 221 subdivisions were replaced by 73 regional communication centers. This, of course, increased the efficiency of farm management.
In addition, with the help of the Unified System for Monitoring and Administration of the Technological Communication Network (ECMA), the management of operational work was automated, which made it possible to bring it to a new qualitative level. Thanks to ECMA, to which about 98% of the primary network equipment is connected, we began to receive objective information about the state of our resources, their workload, the actions of personnel and much more on-line. All this becomes a serious basis for further analysis, forecasting and making the most effective management decisions.
But the main result is that a platform was prepared for further building a full-scale model of process management of the communication network operation system.
It is also important that during the first stage of the reform we did not receive a single serious complaint from the users of our services. In addition, the number of trains delayed due to the fault of signalmen has almost halved - if in 2006 there were 296 cases, then in the past - a little more than 130.
– What turned out to be the main obstacle to more effective achievement of the goals of the first stage of the reform?
- The level of training of the personnel of the communications economy, which was not ready to work in the new conditions. In part, we managed to solve this problem by training more than 6 thousand people during 2006-2007, and this has already brought certain results. Thus, the average response time of signalmen to ECMA messages about emergency or information events coming from network equipment decreased over Last year from 47 to 17 minutes.
Nevertheless, bringing service personnel to a new quality level remains one of our priority tasks. Practice shows that more than a quarter of the total number of equipment failures is caused by unskilled actions of workers.
– What structural changes are expected within the framework of the second stage of reforming the communications economy?
– Starting April 1, 2008, the communications directorates will leave the railways and become structural subdivisions of the CCC, a branch of Russian Railways. The Department of Communications and Computer Engineering will be abolished, and all its functions will be transferred to the SSC. And it is the Central Communications Station that will continue the reforms that have already begun. First of all, we are talking about the introduction of a process approach to managing the communications economy, which is one of the essential elements quality management systems.
The process approach will allow us to achieve our main goal with the greatest efficiency - improving the quality of customer service, providing technological process OJSC "Russian Railways" with communication services over high level and providing new types of services.
– What new services may appear on the railway network in the near future?
– This year, the Moscow, West Siberian and Volga Railways will complete the pilot operation of a new type of repair and operational communication using satellite technologies and the services of the largest mobile operators.
Know-how will come to the aid of line personnel, who, by virtue of official duties it is necessary to constantly stay in touch with the dispatching apparatus or management. The new technology combines the main functions cell phone and radio stations. And the built-in receiver of the GLONASS/GPS global positioning satellite system will allow solving one of the most important tasks for many farms: real-time control over the location of personnel and, in part, their actions. Ultimately, this will not only bring infrastructure maintenance to a new quality level, but also increase the responsiveness in case of emergencies.
Today, purposeful work is also being carried out to obtain a radio frequency band for the GSM-R standard, which is generally accepted in areas with high-speed and high-speed traffic on the territory of all Western European countries. At the same time, testing of the pilot zone of GSM-R digital radio communication on the Kaliningrad railway is being carried out.
In addition, we have a separate investment program, aimed at creating multi-service networks that allow you to provide, along with telephone connection Internet services, conference calls and a number of others. Some of them are not yet in demand by Russian Railways, but in the near future, with the development of new technologies for the transportation process, the need for them will arise. And we must be ready for this.
- What are the main challenges facing the new structural unit JSC "Russian Railways" at the second stage of reform?
- Firstly, we expect to move to the so-called individual assessment of the quality of the services provided to each individual client. To this end, work is already underway to classify communication services and describe their characteristics. In addition, a centralized billing system is being designed, which will become one of the largest in Russia in terms of scale. In this case, the system will take into account both the volume of services provided and their level of quality. Already by 2009 it is planned to transfer a part of services and network equipment to the billing system.
One of the important tasks is the further digitalization of the technological communication network, which today covers less than 60% of the length of railways. The analog systems in operation do not meet the current requirements of railway transport for the capacity, reliability and security of the telecommunications environment. High degree depreciation makes them extremely costly to operate, forces them to keep a huge number of low-skilled personnel and at the same time does not allow them to provide the full range of modern services.
- Pyotr Yulianovich, any changes at the enterprise are perceived by the staff with apprehension. How will the current transformation of the communications economy affect its employees?
– We firmly believe that the staff is the main asset of any company. That is why we will make every effort to keep the team of signalers, to provide them with a decent level of social protection and wages.
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Introduction to work
The relevance of the dissertation research. On the basis of the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation dated May 18, 2001 "On the program of structural reform in railway transport", the railway transport is being reformed in order to increase the stability of its operation, accessibility, safety and quality of services provided to ensure a single economic space of the country and nationwide economic development; formation of a single harmonious transport system of the country; reducing the total national economic costs for the transportation of goods; meet the growing demand for rail transport services.
Achieving the goals set necessitates the large-scale implementation of information management and telecommunication technologies throughout the entire railway network based on a single information space and an interconnected communication network.
The priority direction for introducing the achievements of scientific and technological progress in the field of information and communication in railway transport is the implementation of the "Concept for creating a digital communication network of the Ministry of Railways of Russia", which provides for the phased development of communication on railways for the period 1997-2005. railway transport, the most important tasks of which are to increase revenues by increasing the volume of freight and passenger traffic, improving train traffic safety and saving resources, reducing operating costs as a result of improving the use of fixed assets and increasing the productivity of industry workers. The implementation of the Digital Communications Network Creation Concept is based on the use of fiber-optic transmission lines (FOTL), designed primarily to meet the needs for communication channels of the railways themselves (technological segment), and if there are free communication channels, to provide commercial communication services to the public and legal entities. persons with various organizational and legal forms of activity (commercial segment).
To create the most effective management system and establish
organizational and legal form of operation of communications in railway transport in
modern conditions, it is necessary to scientifically substantiate the
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the regulatory framework for the economic assessment of ways to reform the economy of communications with
taking into account its development on the basis of FOCL.
The relevance of the problem solved in the dissertation work is determined by the presence of an industry-specific need for a comprehensive economic evaluation reorganization measures to reform the communication economy to ensure the effective use of railway transport communication networks.
main goal The presented work is the development and practical application of a methodology for assessing the economic efficiency of reforming the communications economy in railway transport.
To achieve this goal, the following main goals:
Analysis of the current situation in the economy of railway communication
transport to highlight organizational shortcomings and ways to improve
efficiency of production and economic activities of the economy;
analysis of existing methods and approaches to assessing the effectiveness of reorganization measures With the purpose of determining the possibility of their use and development With taking into account the specifics of the functioning of railway communications;
Development of a methodology for calculating the economic effect arising from
as a result of reforming the communications economy of railway transport;
determination of the amount of one-time costs necessary for reforming the communications economy of railway transport;
a comprehensive assessment of the economic efficiency of reforming the communications economy of railway transport according to the options for its reform;
calculation of the payback period for one-time costs for the intended variant of the organizational and legal form of communication operation.
Research methods. The theoretical and methodological basis of the study are the scientific works of specialists in the field of railway transport economics: Abramov A.P., Barkova N.N., Belova I.V., Bolotina A.V., Volkov B.A., Galaburdy V.G. , Gibshmana A.E., Efanova A.N., Ivanova V.R., Lisenkova V.M., Tereshina N.P., Tolkacheva M.M., Trikhunkova M.F., Khachaturova T.S., Shishkova A. D., Shulgi V.Ya, and etc.
Object of study- economy of communication of railway transport.
Subject of study- economic efficiency of reforming the economy of communication of railway transport.
Scientific novelty dissertation work consists of:
development and substantiation of a set of criteria for assessing the economic results of reforming the communications economy of railway transport;
development of a methodology for a comprehensive assessment of the economic efficiency of reforming the communications economy of railway transport;
Determination of the most effective variant of the organizational and legal form
the functioning of the communications economy in the context of reforming the railway
transport;
Practical value lies in the possibility of applying the results of this work when choosing a variant of reforming the communications economy and assessing its economic efficiency.
Approbation of work. The results of the dissertation research have found application in improving the organizational structure of the management of informatization and communication services on the Gorky and Moscow railways. The main provisions of the dissertation were presented at the 1st and 2nd Interdepartmental scientific and practical conferences "Telecommunication technologies in the transport of Russia", (Sochi, 2003, 2004), the Fourth scientific and practical conference "Train traffic safety", (Moscow, 2003 .), and were also discussed and approved at a meeting of the Department of Economics of Construction Production, Moscow State University of Railway Engineering (MIIT).
