To drafting financial documents there are special requirements, especially if the construction of the facility is financed by the state. But for commercial facilities, it is also important to understand how a regular estimate differs from a local one, because the components and calculation rules will be completely different for these two types.
A local estimate is a preliminary calculation of the cost of an object, if it is not yet completely known how much materials or work time will be required to complete the task. In the future, the data may be adjusted for inflation or changed volume.
Local may not reflect all information on construction work, but only on some specific part of them.
Simply put: local budget documents are components of the main (general). In turn, ordinary ones can also be divided according to one of the principles:
By objects. For each object, a single primary financial documentation is compiled, taking into account all costs;
By item of expenditure. Separately, calculations can be made for items of expenditure (costs for materials, wages for workers, finishing work).
Very often, these two concepts are confused, mistakenly considering them identical. In fact, this is absolutely not true. At first glance, the papers really do not differ from each other, but in fact their main difference is that the local estimate is already an agreed version approved by the customer.
But the estimate calculation is a “sketch”, a preliminary calculation of the upcoming work. That is, in any case, a preliminary estimate is compiled, on the basis of which, taking into account the amendments, the final version of the primary financial document is formed.
Usually one of the types of prices is taken as a basis: TSN, FER, TER. The specific type is chosen depending on who finances the construction. But when compiling the considered primary documentation it is quite possible not to adhere to these standards and draw up settlement document in the way that is most convenient.
Already further, when compiling the final financial documentation, it is important to comply with all the rules imposed at the state level. When conducting inspections, it is the final estimates that are checked by the regulatory authorities, and local ones are a kind of draft, so they can be drawn up in a way that is convenient for the contractor and the customer by mutual agreement.
The main difference between a local estimate and a regular estimate is that it does not take into account excess materials. That is, if in the final calculations the amount can be taken away, then nothing can be taken away here. Any surplus is not displayed at all in this primary documentation. They are already reflected in the final calculations, when it is possible to assess their condition and residual value.
Summing up, we can once again focus on the sequence of compiling these documents:
That is, each subsequent level of documents includes all the components of the previous one.
We offer learning to read estimates.
In order to calculatecost of materials included in the estimatetaking into account the conversion to current prices and how much their delivery and storage at the facility costs, it is enough to arm yourself with a calculator.
Local estimates refer to primary budget documents and are compiled for certain types of work and costs for buildings and structures or for general site work based on the volumes determined during the development working documentation(RD).
Local estimates are compiled in cases where the scope of work and costs are not finally determined and are subject to clarification on the basis of the detailed design documentation, or in cases where the scope of work, the nature and methods of their implementation cannot be accurately determined during the design and are specified during the construction process.
Local estimates (estimates) for certain types of construction and installation work, as well as the cost of equipment, are compiled on the basis of the following data: parameters of buildings, structures, their parts and structural elements adopted in design decisions; volumes of work taken from the lists of construction and installation works and determined by design materials; nomenclature and quantities of equipment, furniture and inventory taken from custom specifications, statements and other design materials; existing estimated norms assets and indicators for types of work, structural elements, as well as market prices and tariffs for industrial products and services.
Local budget calculations (budgets) are compiled:
a) for buildings and structures: for construction work, special construction work, internal sanitary and technical work, internal electric lighting, electric power plants, for the installation and purchase of technological and other types of equipment, instrumentation (instrumentation) and automation, low-current devices (communications, alarms, etc.), purchase of fixtures, furniture, inventory, etc .;
b) for general site works: for vertical planning, arrangement engineering networks, tracks and roads, landscaping, small architectural forms and etc.
\ When designing complex buildings and structures carried out by several design organizations, as well as in the formation estimated cost for start-up complexes, it is allowed to draw up two or more local estimates (estimates) for the same type of work.
4.4. In local cost estimates (budgets), data are grouped into sections according to individual structural elements of the building (structure), types of work and devices in accordance with the technological sequence of work and taking into account specific features certain types of construction. According to buildings and structures, division into underground part(works of "zero cycle") and aerial part.
Local estimate calculation (estimate) may have sections: for construction work - excavation; foundations and walls of the underground part; walls; frame; ceilings, partitions; floors and bases; coverings and roofs; filling openings; stairs and platforms; Finishing work; various works (porches, blind areas, etc.), etc.; for special construction works- foundations for equipment; special grounds; channels and pits; lining, lining and insulation; chemical protective coatings, etc.; for internal sanitary works- plumbing, sewerage, heating, ventilation and air conditioning, etc.; for equipment installation- acquisition and installation of technological equipment; technological pipelines; metal structures (associated with the installation of equipment), etc.
The cost of work in local estimates (estimates) as part of budget documentation can be given in two price levels:
in the basic level, determined on the basis of the current estimated norms and prices of 2001;
in the current (projected) level, determined on the basis of prices prevailing by the time the estimates were drawn up or forecasted by the period of construction.
When compiling local estimates (estimates), prices from the corresponding collections are used, while in each position of the local estimate calculation (estimates) the code of the norm is indicated, consisting of the collection number (two digits), the section number (two digits), the serial number of the table in this section (three characters) and the serial number of the norm in this table (one - two characters). The parameters of individual characteristics (length, height, area, mass, etc.) given with the word "to" should be understood inclusive, and with the word "from" - excluding the indicated value, i.e. over.
When compiling local estimates (estimates), the conditions for the production of work and complicating factors are taken into account, and appropriate coefficients are applied. If complicating factors are taken into account by elemental estimated norms and unit prices, coefficients are not applied.
The cost determined by local estimates (estimates) may include direct costs, overheads and estimated profit.
The accrual of overhead costs and estimated profit in the preparation of local estimates (estimates) without dividing into sections is carried out at the end of the estimate calculation (estimate), following the result of direct costs, and when forming by sections - at the end of each section and in general according to the estimate calculation (estimate ).
In cases where, in accordance with design solutions, structures are dismantled or buildings and structures are demolished according to structures, materials and products suitable for reuse, the result of local estimated calculations (estimates) for dismantling, demolition (transfer) of buildings and structures is given for reference amounts (amounts that reduce the amount of capital investments allocated by the customer). These amounts are not excluded from the result of the local budget calculation (estimate) and from the scope of work performed. They are shown on a separate line called "Including refunds"
The cost of equipment, furniture and inventory is included in local cost estimates (budgets).
When using the resource (resource-index) method, the following resource indicators are distinguished as initial data for determining direct costs in local estimated calculations (estimates): cars; time of use of construction machines (mach.-h); consumption of materials, products (parts) and structures (in accepted physical units of measurement: m3, m2, t, etc.).
As part of local estimates (estimates), the costs of operating construction machines are determined based on the data on the time of use (normative need) of the necessary machines (machine-hour) and the corresponding price of 1 machine-hour of operation of the machines. It is recommended to determine the cost of operating construction machines: at the base price level - according to the collection of estimated norms and prices for the operation of construction machines and vehicles; in the current price level - based on information about the current (forecast) prices for the operation of construction machines.
As part of local budget calculations (estimates), the cost material resources is determined on the basis of data on the regulatory needs of materials, products (parts) and structures (in physical units of measurement: m3, m2, t, etc.) and the corresponding price for the type of material resource. The cost of material resources is included in the estimate documentation, regardless of who purchased them. The cost of material resources can be determined: in the basic price level - according to collections (catalogs) estimated prices for materials, products and structures - federal, territorial (regional) and sectoral; at the current price level - at the actual cost of materials, products and structures, taking into account transport and procurement and storage costs, margins (surcharges), commissions paid to supply foreign economic organizations , payment for services of commodity exchanges, including brokerage services, customs duties.
The cost calculation (sheet) of the current estimated prices for materials, products and structures is compiled by cost elements.
Funds for payment for the transportation of heavy cargo are included in Cost of materials, products and structures (as part of the cost of transport services).
Selling prices for products, materials and semi-finished products manufactured under construction conditions are determined by cost estimates.
Definition of overheads overhead in local estimate are determined from the wage fund (FOT) To determine the norms of overhead costs in local estimates, methodological instructions are used to determine the amount of overhead costs in construction.
Determination of the estimated profit
The estimated profit is determined from the wage fund (FOT) of workers. To determine the rates of estimated profit in local estimates, documents are used that determine the amount of estimated profit in construction.
A local estimate or calculation is a form of documentation with a detailed calculation of the amount of work and costs compiled, which are not precisely established, but are subject to clarification. Local estimates can be calculated in several ways, namely:
In local estimates, information is often grouped into sections according to individual design indicators of buildings and types of work. The procedure should be regulated by normative documentation. It is also possible that the works will be divided into underground or aboveground.
So, how is the calculation for some types of work and the cost of devices for this? It is compiled according to the following data:
The local estimate is based on the following necessary criteria:
If a complex type of structure is being compiled, which is formed by more than one design institution, it is permissible to create several local estimates separately for each type of work. The local estimate contains sections on specific building elements of the object, general types and features of certain types of construction work.
Local estimates have the following sections:
Budgeting should begin a certain time before the start of construction, it is undesirable to do this in a hurry in a short time. The construction local estimate is a document containing the number of temporary and Money, which must be spent on the construction of the specified structure. And also detailed description the quantity and quality of building materials, the conditions necessary for operation.
When drawing up a sample estimate, weather conditions, road conditions and the presence of nearby residential or building structures. Also, the amount for additional expenses that were not originally included in local estimates should be indicated. When using this money, it is necessary to attach an explanatory note on what and for what they were taken.
To create this document, you need to involve experts in this field. After reviewing the document by the customer and the contractor, if additional questions arise, then it is necessary to put signatures indicating consent to the construction, and you can begin this work. 
If the estimate drawn up and the contractor's preliminary calculations differ, then the reason should be found out and considered. Direct costs may differ due to additional materials and elements necessary for the construction, it is due to them that the amount has changed.
As an example of estimates, consider an object type.
The object estimate refers to documents that focus on costs. The calculation includes all data subject to approval. Costs are calculated at the then current prices for construction products and services. In order to avoid disputes about costs, you need to enter additional funds in the estimate form. For example, this is necessary in case of a rise in price during the cold period, the cost of temporary structures (all this is provided in the “other expenses” column).
If only one local estimate was compiled, then an object estimate is not required. Under such circumstances, all actions are performed according to one local estimate, at the end of which the estimated profit is set to cover limited costs in the same manner as for the object. And if several calculations are made, then they are combined into an object calculation in one line.
To accommodate 2 joint buildings (a residential building and a trade enterprise, and so on), it is necessary to calculate 2 calculations for each building separately. You can calculate one estimate, but with indications of the final cost for 2 structures. Estimated profit can be compiled using rounded figures or by the cost of similar objects.
Only a specialist can correctly draw up an estimate, therefore it is initially recommended to entrust this matter to him so as not to waste time and effort, and to focus, perhaps, on the wrong indicators.
The choice of budgeting method is important. First of all, it is determined by the legal side of the issue, since incorrectly or illiterate documentation may simply not be accepted for consideration. Secondly, no less important in modern conditions is the determination of the real cost of building an object or carrying out various works. And this is rightly considered main task budgeting, no matter what method is used.
There are several basic methods for calculating and processing estimates. These include:
The last two methods of budgeting are used relatively rarely. This is due to several reasons. The resource-index calculation method is a combination of two much more common methods - basic-index and resource. In comparison with them, it is not only much more labor-intensive, but actually combines their shortcomings. The main ones are rightly considered to be some isolation from modern realities and the serious scale that any mistake made at the beginning of the calculation acquires. This is also why most popular software products are not focused on the resource-index method for calculating estimates, which leads to its even rarer use.
The methodology for compiling estimates based on consolidated estimated standards is a calculation that is performed taking into account data on already built facilities. Its infrequent use is due to the fact that in practice it is rather difficult to find an analogue for a newly constructed object in the recent past, similar in design parameters, construction conditions, operational requirements and other important characteristics. Especially now, when the economic and financial situation is changing very rapidly.
Since the methods of budgeting described above are relatively rare in practice, it is advisable and quite logical to consider in more detail the two most popular types of estimates.
The most commonly used base-index method for calculating estimates. Despite the fact that the legislation provides for the possibility of using other methods, it is, in fact, mandatory for budget organizations holding auctions for the construction of various facilities or the performance of any work. This situation has been around for a long time. That is why most large private companies, both customers and contractors, also use the base-index method of budgeting as the main one.
The principle of the considered method of budgeting is as follows:
It should be borne in mind that the indices can be applied both to each individual work, and to a section or the final result of the calculation as a whole.
Despite the fact that the base-index method of budgeting is without a doubt the most popular and most commonly used, it has a very significant drawback. The fact is that the applied basic prices of 2001, which is quite natural, often do not take into account the conditions of modern construction, a large number of new technologies that have appeared recently.
However, the method has no less obvious advantages, namely, simplicity, a large number of specially designed budget programs, and simply long-term traditions of use, allow it to remain the most widely used.
Forms of various types of estimates used for compiling the base-index method, as well as samples of the completed estimate calculation are given below.
Quite often, the resource method for calculating estimate documentation is used. It is used mainly when concluding contracts for the construction or carrying out any work between small and medium-sized commercial structures, as well as in private housing construction. However, the legislation fully allows the use of the method for budgetary organizations. In this case, it is as follows:
Overhead costs and planned savings are taken into account, as a rule, in the estimate for the entire facility. This method of budgeting is quite laborious, however, almost all available software products provide the ability to calculate it. A sample of a resource-based estimate and the form used for this is located below.
Very often, especially in private housing construction or when performing small repairs and finishing works, an even simpler method of budgeting is used, which can also rightfully be called a resource method. It consists in a simple listing of the resources needed for construction, repair or decoration, and the current prices for them. An example of such a calculation for a small amount of repair and finishing work is shown in the following table.
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Name of works |
Price per unit |
Cost of work |
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Disassembly of linoleum flooring |
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Disassembly of skirting boards |
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Dismantling the base from bars and boards |
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Dismantling the lag |
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Log laying |
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Plank covering device |
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The device of coatings from chipboard |
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The device of a covering from parquet boards |
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Installation of skirting boards |
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TOTAL according to the estimate |
139 080= |
This method of calculating estimates is widely used when the customer is individual, and the contractor is a team of workers or a small construction firm. In this case, there are no strict requirements for registration, so everyone makes an estimate based on their own preferences, as well as the desire to see in it certain indicators that are necessary to make a decision on the performance of work or the choice of a contractor.
