? In which statement should the word "offer" be replaced by the expression "value of the offer:
!when the price of kefir increased, the supply of fermented baked milk produced at the same dairy decreased
!the expected increase in oil prices caused a temporary reduction in its supply
!rising electricity prices caused a decrease in the supply of tomatoes grown in the city's greenhouses
*increasing prices for hairdressing salons caused an increase in the supply of these services
What will affect the shift in the supply of natural fur coats differently than the other three circumstances:
!opening of new fur factories
!reduction of taxes on fur dressing equipment imported from abroad
!10 times the land tax paid by fur factories
*decrease in bank interest rate
?According to the law of supply:
!customers will buy more items at low prices than at high prices
!customers will buy more items at high prices than at low prices
!the number of goods offered for sale depends on the magnitude of demand for them
*sellers will offer more items if their prices go up instead of down
What do you think could have caused the VCR supply curve to shift to the left - up:
*an increase in the price of color TVs
!an increase in subsidies to domestic manufacturers of video recorders
!lower prices for components
!decrease customs duties on imported VCRs
?The value of the supply of goods is ...
*the amount of goods that producers sell at a given price
!the maximum revenue that producers can receive by selling a product at a given price
!dependence of the offer on the price
!the quantity of goods that producers are willing and able to offer for sale at a given price
?What will happen to the yogurt supply curve if the price of yogurt falls by half, other things being equal
!The supply curve will shift to the right
*The supply curve will shift to the left
!The supply curve will not change its position
!None of the above apply
?Price elasticity of supply is directly dependent on:
*time period
!fashion changes
!tax policy of the state
!all answers are wrong
?Price elasticity of a vertically located supply curve:
*equal to zero
!is equal to 1
!infinitely large
!more than 1
?Tea replaces coffee in consumption, and cream complements. What happens in the respective markets (tea and creamer) if the price of coffee rises
*The price of tea and cream will increase
!The price of tea and cream will go down
!The price of tea will rise and the price of cream will fall
!The price of tea will go down and the price of cream will go up
?With the approach of summer, prices for tours to the southern boarding houses usually grow. This is caused by the following change in the schedule of supply and demand for vouchers:
!the demand curve shifts to the left
*the demand curve shifts to the right
!supply curve shifts to the left
!supply curve shifts to the right
?What problems are the stroller manufacturers facing at point A
!Demand over supply
!All strollers produced will be sold
*Volume of supply is greater than volume of demand
!Offer more than demand
?If demand increases and supply decreases, then:
!equilibrium quantity can increase
*the equilibrium price will rise
!only 1 is correct)
!correct and 1) and 2)
?What happens in a competitive market if supply exceeds demand
!Consumer demand will increase
!Manufacturers will increase the output of goods
*Market price will fall
!The market price will rise
?When new manufacturers appear on competitive market, most likely:
!equilibrium price will increase
!demand will increase
!the offer will decrease
*equilibrium price will decrease
?Increasing supply and demand at the same time:
!leads to an increase in the equilibrium price
!leave the equilibrium price unchanged
!reduce the equilibrium price
*can lead to any of the above effects
?The government, protecting the interests of producers, has established a minimum price in the market of perfect competition, higher than the equilibrium price. Ceteris paribus, compared with the situation of non-intervention of the state in the economy, the volume of sales:
!must increase
*should decrease
!will not change in any way
!can both decrease and increase
?Assume that the market price is higher than the equilibrium price. It means that:
!the market is in equilibrium
*There is a shortage in the market
!on the market there is a situation of excess
!correct 1) and 3)
?The figure below shows supply and demand curves. At a price of $5, the market observes:
!equilibrium
!deficit in the amount of 800 units.
*deficit in the amount of 700 units.
!surplus of 1500 units.
?There is a shortage situation on the market. With the free setting of prices in the market, there should be:
!increase in demand
!increase offer
!decrease in demand
*increase in supply
?If the state sets the price of goods, then in the market:
*definitely there will be a deficit
!there will definitely be an excess
!be sure to establish a balance
!any situation is possible: both equilibrium and disequilibrium
?Suppose that the market price of a good goes down. It means that:
!there is a shortage on the market
!demand is greater than supply
*there are more goods on the market than consumers want to buy
!there are fewer goods on the market than consumers want to buy
?An increase in demand in the market, other things being equal, will lead to:
!to reduce the equilibrium price and quantity
* to an increase in the equilibrium price and quantity
! to a decrease in the equilibrium price and an increase in the equilibrium quantity
! to an increase in the equilibrium price and a decrease in the equilibrium quantity
?With a decrease in the number of buyers in the market:
!sales revenue will increase
*sellers' revenue will decrease
!revenue will decrease and prices will increase
!sales revenue will not change
?Significant increase in demand for bread:
!increase demand for land
!reduce demand for land
*will not affect the demand for land
!may cause both an increase and a decrease in demand for land (insufficient information)
?An increase in supply in the market, ceteris paribus, will lead to:
!to reduce the price and quantity
!to increase the price and quantity
*to reduce the price and increase the quantity
!price increase and quantity decrease
?Curves of supply and demand have the form shown in the figure. An increase in supply will:
!to increase the number of goods sold
!to reduce the price and quantity of goods sold
!to increase the price of the goods sold, while its quantity will not change
* to reduce the price of the goods sold, while its quantity will not change
?Due to the improvement of production technology in the market:
*offer will increase
!the offer will decrease
!demand will increase
!Demand will decrease
?Assume that farmers can only use milk to produce butter and cheese. With a significant increase in demand for oil in the market, we can expect:
!reducing the cost of cheese
*reducing the amount of cheese sold
!increasing the amount of cheese sold
!reducing the cost of oil
?If the supply of artificial leather grows, it is very likely that:
!the price of artificial leather will rise
!demand for natural pigskin will fall
*the price of genuine leather will decrease
!employment in the leather industry will decrease
!the supply of pork meat will decrease
?Which of the following factors is likely to lead to an increase in the supply of Russian chocolate on the domestic market:
!lower income tax for domestic chocolate producers
*rising prices for domestic chocolate
!growth of foreign investment in foreign production in Russia
!decrease in prices for cocoa beans in the world market
!re-equipment of confectionery factories with new equipment
?The figure shows the supply and demand curves in the real estate market. Construction of new residential buildings will result in:
!the cost of apartments will increase with the same number of apartments for sale
!the cost of apartments will decrease with the same number of apartments for sale
*the number of apartments for sale will increase, and the price will decrease
!equilibrium price and quantity will increase
?The state has set a "ceiling" for meat prices. Which of the following actions by the government would not conflict with an earlier price regulation decision?
*introduced normalized distribution of meat
!taxes have been raised to limit meat production
!subsidies are paid to low-income buyers
!procurement of surplus meat is organized
?As a result state regulation prices for corn in the US, it exceeds the equilibrium.
! leading to a shortage of corn
*the supply of corn will exceed the demand for it
!subsidies from state budget American farmers
!government purchases of corn will increase
!imports of corn to the US will increase@Section 3
?Choose an answer that contains examples of all three types of production resources ( Natural resources, labor, capital):
!train, machinist, token
!farmer, milkmaid, bucket
*forest, hunter, gun
!bakery, loaf, buyer
?The problem of limitation…
!occurs only during the production of goods
!appears only for consumers of goods
!is a temporarily unsolvable problem
*is a fundamentally unsolvable problem
“If a producer uses all available resources to produce 100 units of good A and 200 units of good B, then the production of 120 units of good A…
!cannot be reached under any circumstances
!could be achieved through tough government action
*can only be achieved by reducing the production of good B
!there is no correct answer
?Grandma suggested that Sergei choose a birthday present: either roller skates, or a soccer ball, or a sports suit. Sergey chose skates, but in case of difficulties he also agreed to the ball and only as a last resort - to a tracksuit. What is the opportunity cost of his choice
*Soccer ball only
!Only tracksuit
!Soccer ball and tracksuit
!Difference in prices of these products
?The firm ‘Horns and Hooves’ can produce 20 horns and 40 hooves at the same time. With an increase in the production of hooves by 12, it is forced to reduce the production of horns by 6. What is the opportunity cost of producing one hoof, expressed in the number of horns, if it is known that the production possibilities curve of this firm has a linear form
!6
*0,5
!2
!5
?Curve AB is the curve of the country's production possibilities in the period under review. The curve illustrating the increase in labor productivity in food-producing industries is the curve:
!CG
!EF
*AD
!CB
?At the same time, Alyosha’s favorite programs are broadcast on three different television channels: KVN, “What
? Where
? When
? and the next episode of the detective series "Not sure - do not overtake
! Alyosha chooses to watch the detective, but he is especially sorry to miss the program “What
? Where
? When
?”, and a little less he regrets the missed KVN. What is the opportunity cost of this choice of Alyosha
!The pleasure of watching the program "What
? Where
? When
?»
* Enjoyment of watching the detective
!The pleasure of watching KVN and “What
? Where
? When
?»
! The pleasure of watching KVN
?Capital resources include all of the following sets of resources except…
!production shop, machine tools, electricity
!football field, goal, ball
*computer, modem, printer
!car, highway, river
?Rational consumer behavior means that…
* managing the resources available to him, the consumer will seek to maximize the satisfaction of his needs
! managing the resources available to him, the consumer will seek to minimize his costs while meeting his needs.
! disposing of the resources available to him, the consumer will seek to maximize his costs while satisfying his needs.
!no correct answer
?Two necessary features that characterize capital resources:
*they are a product production activities and used in production
! they are a product of production activities, but are not used in production
!they are not a product of industrial activity and are used for personal consumption
!they are the product of production activities and are used for personal consumption
?The qualifications of cosmetics manufacturers have improved. Which version of the production possibilities curve reflects this circumstance?
*figure A
!figure B
!figure B
!drawing G@Section 4
?To be recognized as money, a commodity must have the following properties:
!divisibility
!portability
!durability
!homogeneity
!moderate limitation
*all of the above
? What quality is lacking in the first place for a soccer ball to be able to perform the functions of money
!durability
!relative supply stability
!universal recognition
*portability
?What is not a function of money in a market economy
*Means of exchange
*Instrument of payment
!Means of production
*Measuring tool
?Which of the listed values have the greatest liquidity in modern conditions
*Banknote of the Central Bank
!Corporate action
!Automobile
!Country house
?Quantitative theory considers as a constant value:
!amount of money in circulation
*velocity of money
!price level
!none of the above
?The equation of the quantity theory of money is as follows:
!M
*Y=P
*V
!M
*P=Y
*V
*M
*V=P
*Y
!M: V = Y: P
?What is the real value of a banknote of 100 rubles
!The cost of the paper on which it is printed
!The cost of labor, materials and equipment spent on its production
!The value of the gold that the banknote provides
* The cost of goods and services that can be bought for 100 rubles
?Which of the following is not credit money
!Check
*Treasury note
!Promissory note
!Banknote
?If the velocity of money is 4, then the amount of money needed to service the exchange, in accordance with the equation of the quantity theory of money:
*is 25% of the value of the nominal national product
!4 times the value of the nominal national product
!equal to the nominal national product
!2 times less than the value of the nominal national product
?Money aggregate M1 includes:
+ large term deposits
*cash + demand deposits
+ savings deposits+ small term deposits
?Monetary aggregate M2 includes:
!cash + demand deposits
!cash + demand deposits + savings deposits + small term deposits
!cash + term deposits
?Money supply M3 includes:
*cash + demand deposits + savings deposits + small term deposits + large term deposits
!cash + demand deposits
!cash + demand deposits + savings deposits + small term deposits
!cash + term deposits
?Modern monetary systems developed countries exclude:
*definition of the official gold content of money
!issue of banknotes central bank
!introduction of the official currency
!regulation monetary circulation state
?Banknotes issued by the Central Bank of Russia are secured by:
! property of the state
*assets of the Central Bank of Russia
!gold reserves of the country
!assets throughout credit system countries
?Distinctive feature credit money is:
!providing them with the country's gold reserves
!issuance by the Central Bank of the country
!their issue by the country's treasury
?Commodity money is:
!high demand product
* goods that perform the functions of money
!a rare commodity with a very high cost
!all of the above is correct
What types of money are included as a component in all types of monetary aggregates (M1, M2, M3 and L):
!short-term government obligations
*cash
!all types of deposits
*demand deposits
What types of money are not included in the monetary aggregate M1:
*banknotes
!cash
*term deposits
*savings deposits
*foreign freely convertible currency
!demand deposits
?Common features of bills and banknotes:
!the indefiniteness of their circulation
* issuing them into circulation through credit operations
!their insecurity
! their release by industrial and trading companies
?What will happen if, in order to stimulate the work of civil servants, money is printed and thus their wages are increased
!Employees will live and work better
!Nothing will happen
*The market will respond to the increase wages rising prices
!The number of civil servants will increase@ Section 5
?Circuit model includes all of the following except:
*people who make money by exchanging their resources with businesses
!exchange of households with enterprises in the resource market and the market for goods and services
!enterprises selling resources to households
!consumers receiving income for participation in the production of goods and services
?When resources are privately owned...
*owners have incentives to use them carefully and efficiently
!People usually ignore the opportunity cost and usefulness of using resources
!both statements are true
!both statements are wrong
?In the enterprise resource market…
* compete with each other
!compete with households
!compete with resource owners
!do not compete with anyone
?Most businesses make a profit...
!Successfully competing with consumers
!calling high prices
*selling what consumers want to buy at prices they can and are willing to pay
!ignoring consumer preferences
?Entrepreneurship…
!does not depend on the market
!forces the manufacturer to produce the same product year after year
*promotes economic growth
!does not affect the country's economy
?National economy, which is characterized by freedom of enterprise ...
!inefficient
*characterized by the development of many new products and production methods
!distinguished by a slower circulation of products, resources and money than an economy with fewer entrepreneurs
!develops, avoiding innovation
?The three types of economic systems are…
!feudal, capitalist, communist
!developing, market, centralized
!market, mixed, communist
*traditional, market, centralized
?In a centralized economy, the question of what goods and services should be produced is usually decided by ...
!producers who want to make a profit
!consumers who determine the demand for goods and services
*government bodies
!Directors of large plants and factories
?Public goods differ from private goods in that public goods ...
!can only be produced by the state
*can be consumed by anyone, including those who don't pay for them
!can only be used by individuals
!sold at lower prices
?Which of the following is NOT likely to be classified as a public good or service?
*Lighting apartments
!Street lighting
!Law enforcement
!Emergency
?When economics was formed as a science:
!X-XIII century
*XVII-XVIII century
!XIX — beginning of XX century
?Which direction economics belongs to this definition: "Economics studies the laws governing the production, distribution, exchange and consumption of material goods and services"
!Marxist
!Bourgeois
*Neoclassical
?In what direction will modern economic science develop
!Based on the Marxist (proletarian) methodology
!Based on the methodology of neoclassical, Keynesian and institutional-social trends in economic thought
*On the basis of a possible combination (synthesis) of the methodology of all trends and schools of economic science
?The substance of nature is an economic good if:
!can be consumed without the production process
* the process of its consumption is preceded by the process of processing, i.e. human impact
?Which of the following factors can be attributed to the factors of production:
!natural resources (land, minerals, water resources)
!Physical and mental abilities of a person spent in the production of goods and services
!equipment, machine tools, machines, raw materials
!people to make rational decisions, be able to take risks
!methods of production of goods and services (technology)
!information factor
!environmental factor
*all previous answers are correct
?Special forms of production are:
!pre-industrial production
!industrial production
!post-industrial production
!primitive production
!slave-owning production
!feudal production
!capitalist production
!communist production
*all previous answers are correct
!all previous answers are wrong
?Property is:
!relation of a person to a thing
!the thing itself
* the attitude between people about the appropriation of things
?List the property:
*Earth
!state
* industrial buildings and structures
!joint-stock company
* rolling mill
!Ivan Ivanovich Ivanov
*pleasure boat
*automobile
*costume
?List the subjects of ownership:
!Earth
*state
!industrial buildings and structures
*joint-stock company
!rolling mill
*Ivan Ivanovich Ivanov
!pleasure boat
!automobile
!costume
?List the positive manifestations of private property:
!property differentiation of owners
*rigid dependence of the owner's well-being on the results of production activities
*promoting the development of entrepreneurship
* increased competition
?List the negative manifestations of private property:
*property differentiation of owners
!rigid dependence of the owner's well-being on the results of production activities
!Fostering entrepreneurship
!strengthening competition
?Mark the characteristic features of the market:
*it always functions as a flexible, self-adjusting system
*focused on the production of socially necessary goods and services
*can function successfully without intervention
*guarantees equal rights to work and income to all participants
*contributes to meeting the needs of all members
!contributes to the implementation of the achievements of scientific and technical progress
?What does the market infrastructure include:
!banks
!job exchanges
!trade fairs
!currency exchanges
!auctions
!retail stores
!audit firms
*all answers are correct
!all answers are wrong
?The market performs the functions
!punitive
* informational
*redistributive
*sanitizing
*provides a correlation between costs and prices of goods
?The goals of an entrepreneur do not include:
!ensuring the viability of your enterprise
*creation of additional jobs in society
!Scaling up production
!Improving the efficiency of the enterprise
?Supreme governing body joint-stock company is:
!Board of Directors
!meeting of authorized
*General Meeting of Shareholders
!Meeting of holders of preferred shares
?The firm intends to take a bank loan for the construction of a new enterprise. annual rate is 18%. The expected rate of return is set at 20%. Under these conditions, the firm:
!will not build a new enterprise
* will build a new enterprise
!despite the loss, decides to build an enterprise
!cannot make a decision based on the available information
?Economic growth is measured as:
!increase in the real volume of national production over a certain time period
!an increase in real output per capita over a given period of time
*all answers are correct
!all answers are wrong
?If the volume of real gross national product increases by 3%, and the population increases by 1%, then:
!Real gross national product per capita will decrease
*real gross domestic product per capita will increase
!nominal gross national product per capita will not change
!real gross national product per capita will not change
?In the period of economic recovery:
*real output increases
!nominal output increases
!nominal output remains unchanged
!the real volume of production decreases, and the nominal volume grows
Final test in Economics Grade 10 (profile level). There are 2 options at work. The work helps to clarify the knowledge of students on the topics studied: "Subject and method of economic science", "Market economy mixed economy", "Demand, supply and market equilibrium"
OPTION 1.
1. The market demand curve shows:
a) how will the consumption of the good decrease with a decrease in the income of buyers;
b) at what price will the vast majority of transactions be carried out;
c) that consumers tend to buy more goods at higher prices;
d) how much of the good consumers are willing and able to purchase per unit of time at different prices.
2. Entrepreneurial income is made up of:
a) income from factors of production;
b) normal profit minus internal costs;
c) economic and normal profit;
d) sales proceeds net of external costs.
3. What information do you need to determine the stock price:
a) the sale price of shares by the issuer and the dividend per share;
b) norm loan interest, number of shares and dividend;
c) the ratio of the share price in the primary and secondary markets valuable papers;
d) the rate of loan interest and dividend.
4. In the country of Limonia, private firms can produce goods and services by any in a legal way. In this country:
a) market economy;
in) command economy;
5. The special role of the profitability motive in a market economy is that it:
a) forces producers to produce what buyers need;
b) forces buyers to buy what manufacturers produce;
c) keeps people away from risk;
d) undermines consumer sovereignty.
6. Specialization:
a) increase labor productivity; b) reduces labor productivity;
c) has no effect on labor productivity;
d) hinders the development of exchange.
7. Which of the options below provides examples of all three types of factors of production: land, labor and capital?
a) money, locksmith, arable land; b) teacher, oil, harvester; c) turner, machine tool, shares; d) bonds, natural gas, manager.
8. Limited is a problem that:
a) exists only in poor countries; b) only poor people have it;
c) all people and societies have it; d) never occurs in rich people.
9. The opportunity cost of a good is measured by:
a) the cost of resources for the production of this product; b) consumer price index;
c) the amount of money spent on the production of this product;
d) the quantity of another good that had to be abandoned in order to produce this good.
10. If the production possibilities curve of society moves from position 1 to position 2, then this will mean that:
a) the technology of car production has improved in society;
b) spaghetti production technology has improved in society;
c) society has improved technology for the production of both spaghetti and cars;
d) society has moved from a state of underemployment to a state of full employment.
11. What characterizes the market economy?
a) the dominance of private property;
b) resolving the questions “what?”, “how?” and "for whom?" using the price mechanism;
c) the absence of state intervention in the economy;
d) All of the above are correct.
12. The main questions of economics are "what to produce?", "how to produce?", and "how to distribute?":
a) wholly decided by the UK government; b) do not exist in a command economy;
c) do not exist in a mixed economy; d) exist in all countries.
13. The government, protecting the interests of producers, has set a minimum price in the perfectly competitive market, higher than the equilibrium price. Ceteris paribus, compared with the situation of non-intervention of the state in the economy, the volume of sales:
a) should increase
b) should decrease;
c) will not change in any way;
d) can either decrease or increase.
14. When new manufacturers enter a competitive market, they are likely to:
a) the equilibrium price will increase;
b) demand will increase
c) supply will decrease
d) the equilibrium price will decrease.
15. Increasing supply and demand at the same time:
a) will lead to an increase in the equilibrium price;
b) leave the equilibrium price unchanged;
c) lower the equilibrium price;
d) can lead to any of the above consequences.
16. The law of supply states that:
a) buyers will buy more goods at low prices than at high prices;
b) sellers will produce more goods if prices are higher, not lower;
c) the quantity of goods offered for sale does not depend on the price;
d) Consumers buy more goods at high prices than at low prices.
17 . What happens in a competitive market if supply exceeds demand?
a) consumer demand will increase
b) producers will increase the output of goods;
c) the market price will fall;
d) the market price will rise.
18. Determine the product, the demand for which is more elastic:
a) petrol
b) gasoline at a separate gas station in the city of Moscow.
19. The coefficient of price elasticity of demand is equal to -1/3. It means that:
a) if the price of a commodity rises by 1%, then the quantity demanded for it will decrease by 1/3 percent;
b) if the price of a good falls by 1%, then the demand for it will increase by 3%.
c) if the price of a commodity rises by 1 percent, then the quantity demanded for it will increase by 1/3 percent;
d) If the price of a good falls by 1%, then the demand for it will decrease by 3%.
20. What usually applies to variable costs:
a.) monthly rent b.) interest payments on loans
c.) payment for electricity d.) payment of managers
2. PART B
1. Select a definition for each term in the table
1. Demand | A) direct dependence of income on the quantity of the requested product |
2. The amount of demand | B) the quantity of goods (services) that sellers are willing to sell on the market |
3. Veblen effect | B) bread, salt, milk |
4. Excess | D) the volume of goods of a certain type that buyers are willing to purchase over a certain price level of this product |
5. Engel curve | E) the degree of sensitivity of the quantity of one element to a change in another |
6. Market equilibrium | E) the volume of goods of a certain type that sellers are willing to offer for a certain period of time to the market at a certain level of price for this product |
7.Offer | G) the amount of goods that will be sold completely at a given price |
8. Offer size | H) the dependence of the magnitude of demand on the prices at which goods can be offered for sale that has developed in a certain period of time |
9. Elasticity | I) the effect of prestigious consumption |
10. Good Giffen | K) a situation in the market when, at the current price level, sellers offer more goods than buyers are willing to buy |
11. Economic system | H) likes and dislikes for goods |
12.Intensive way | K) an ordered structure of relations between people in relation to the production and consumption of material goods and services |
13. Consumer preference | o) the utility of one unit of the good on average |
14. Marginal Utility | M) new progressive technologies |
d) profitable taxes reduce consumer income and, acting as a non-price determinant, shift the demand curve to the left; -
e) substitute goods are pairs of goods for which an increase in the price of one causes an increase in demand for another; -
PART C
1. Formulate the law of demand.
2. What factors and how affect the change in supply?
3. Why do low product prices “wash out” competitors?
4. Solve the problem.
In the market, the relationship between the magnitude of demand for a product and its price has developed as Р = 12 - Q d , and between the supply and the price as Р = 2 + Q s What will happen if the government, by the power given to it, sets the price equal to 4 monetary units? Give a description of this phenomenon.
Final test in economics Grade 10.
OPTION 2.
1. PART A. Find the answer to the question, write the answer in the table
1. What do you consider a rational choice?
a) the choice you made after careful consideration;
b) the choice you made with the help of mathematical calculations, computer simulation;
c) the choice as a result of which you achieved your goal;
d) a choice whereby you lose less than you gain.
2. A change in which factor will not lead to a shift in the demand curve for milk:
A) consumer tastes
b) milk prices;
c) the number and age of consumers;
d) an increase in pensions.
3. What most accurately reflects the economic system of Russia?
a) command economy;
b) market economy;
c) transitional economy;
d) traditional economy.
4. Private property, free pricing system and competition are the basis for:
a) any economic system;
b) traditional economy;
c) command economy;
d) market economy.
5. The main problems of the economy WHAT? AS? and FOR WHOM?
A) will soon be resolved by the Russian government;
B) exist in any society;
C) do not exist in countries with traditional economies;
D) do not exist in command economies.
6. Which of the given list is physical capital?
and money; b) production equipment; c) shares; G) consumer goods durable.
7. The main problem of the economy is that:
a) human desires are limited; b) resources are unlimited;
c) people must always make choices when using limited resources;
d) only in underdeveloped countries there are deficit problems.
8. Lost profit, the most valuable thing that had to be sacrificed when choosing this good, is called:
a) marginal benefit b) opportunity cost; c) limitation; d) None of the above apply.
9. The Moscow City Hall decided to build a new stadium. The price of choosing this solution is determined by:
a) price economic resources used in construction; b) the amount of money allocated for construction;
c) the loss for the city of the construction of the pool, which had to be abandoned in favor of the stadium;
d) the cost of labor, capital and natural resources.
10. The production possibilities curve of society has the following form:
Point A located inside the production possibilities frontier shows that:
a) the company makes full use of the resources at its disposal;
b) the company does not fully use its economic resources;
c) society does not use economic resources at all;
d) society uses resources efficiently.
11. In the state of Golodandia, economic benefits have been produced since time immemorial in the old-fashioned way; profession is determined at birth. In this state:
a) the traditional economy; b) market economy; c) command economy; d) mixed economy.
12. Labor productivity is directly affected by:
a) the health and education level of the workforce; b) the quality of machinery and equipment;
c) effective activity of managers; d) all of the above.
13. When the quantity demanded for timber increases, so does the demand for nails. When the demand for timber decreases, the demand for nails also decreases. Economists would say that wood and nails:
a) unrelated goods;
b) interchangeable goods;
c) complementary goods;
d) elastic goods.
14. In the automotive market, the demand for the Ford car has increased dramatically. This event is due to:
a) this brand of car has become fashionable;
b) the prices for Mercedes and Volvo rose sharply;
c) the price of Ford went down;
d) people's incomes have increased.
15. "Prices act as signals to the market." It means that:
a) the price level affects the quantity of goods and services offered for sale;
b) low prices signal that there is no shortage;
c) high prices signal a healthy economy;
16. What will happen to the yogurt supply curve if the price of yogurt falls by half, all other things being equal?
a) the supply curve will shift to the right
b) the supply curve will shift to the left
c) the supply curve will not change its position;
d) None of the above apply.
17. Ceteris paribus, the shift of the demand curve to the right for goods of the lowest category can be associated with:
a) with an increase in the prices of complementary goods;
b) with a decrease in prices for substitute goods;
c) with an increase in the price of a given product;
d) with a decrease in consumer income.
18. Ceteris paribus, a shift of the supply curve to the right results in:
a) an increase in the equilibrium price and equilibrium quantity;
b) to a decrease in the equilibrium price and equilibrium quantity;
c) an increase in the equilibrium price and a decrease in the equilibrium quantity;
d) a decrease in the equilibrium price and an increase in the equilibrium quantity.
19. Shift of the demand curve for ice cream to the left and down from D 1 to D 2 (Figure 2-24),
most likely caused by:
a) the onset of winter
b) a decrease in the price of wrapping paper;
c) a decrease in the supply of ice cream;
d) an increase in the price of ice cream.
20. The law of demand states that...
1) At high prices, sellers will offer more goods than at low prices.
2) buyers will buy more at low prices than at high prices
3) a change in prices will have little effect on a change in demand for a product
4) Customers will buy more at high prices if the product has an extraordinary design.
2. PART B Choose a definition for each term in the table
1. Economy | a) The term "economics" gained general recognition after it was used in the title of a work |
2. Factor of production | b) goods, the available volume of which is greater than the needs of people |
3. Product | c) land, labor, capital |
4. Limited | d) social tradition, norm |
5. Service | e) science, about managing the economy according to laws and regulations aimed at meeting the needs of the population |
6. Institute | f) concentration of production in the hands of the most efficient production |
7. Free goods | g) study economic phenomena generally |
8.Economic Model | h) the means of satisfying human needs, available to people in an amount less than the amount of these needs |
9. Microeconomics | i) used to explain and predict economic events |
10. Macroeconomics | j) invisible, intangible objects of value |
11. Economic benefits | k) the insufficiency of the volume of available resources of all kinds to produce the volume of goods that people would like to receive |
12. Specialization | l) visible and tangible items that can be exchanged |
13. Aristotle | m) introduced the term “economy” |
14. Alfred Marshall | o) the study of individual economic units |
2. Mark the correct statement with the letter "B", and the incorrect one with the letter "H":
a) normal goods are goods for which the demand does not change with a change in the income of the consumer; b) a shift of the supply curve to the right means that producers offer more of the product for each price level; -
c) if the price of a good rises, then its supply will also rise. -
PART C 1. Formulate the law of supply.
2. What factors and how affect the change in demand?
3. Why does the law of supply and demand not work in a planned economy?
4. Solve problem 1. In the market, the supply is given by the function Q s \u003d P - 4, and the dependence of the demand for goods on its price P \u003d 12 - Q d . Determine what will happen in the market if the government introduces a price of 9 units. Give a description of this phenomenon.
Choose the only correct answer:
Topic 1. 1. When economists talk about the need to econo-
mit, they mean:
a) creating savings;
b) extracting the maximum benefit from the available
c) the study of economics;
d) the need to spend as much as possible less money.
2. The production possibilities curve illustrates:
a) the impact of scarcity and opportunity cost on the overall
b) the advantage of producing butter instead of cannons;
c) changes in the price of various products;
d) the opportunity cost of producing either guns or
more oil.
3. Which of the following provisions is not relevant
to the definition of the subject of economic theory?
a) effective use natural resources;
b) unlimited production resources;
c) the production of sugar in the dynamics of its price.
Answers: 1. b, 2. d, 3. b.
Topic 2. 1. The market exists:
a) where consumers express desires and needs;
c) where traders express their desires and needs;
d) where sellers and buyers exchange goods and
services.
2. In the circular flow model, households:
a) act as subjects in the resource market;
b) act as subjects in the product market;
c) act as subjects in the income market;
d) answers a and b are correct;
e) Answers a, b, c are correct.
3. Households make a living
a) sales of goods and services;
b) realization of factors of production;
c) government subsidies.
Answers: 1. d, 2. d, 3. b.
Topic 3. 1. What happens in a market where there is competition,
if supply exceeds demand:
a) consumer demand will increase
b) producers will increase the output of goods;
c) the market price will fall.
consumer income:
a) essential goods;
b) low quality goods;
c) luxury items.
3. If two goods are interchangeable, then an increase in the price of
the first one will call:
a) a drop in demand for another good
b) an increase in demand for another product;
c) a decrease in the quantity demanded for another good.
Answers: 1. c, 2. b, 3. b.
Topic 4. 1. The substitution effect is an increase in demand for a product caused by:
a) a change in the general level of prices for all goods;
b) offering new product substitutes;
c) both answers are correct.
2. Total utility increases when marginal utility:
a) increases or decreases, but is a quantity
positive;
b) increases;
c) decreases.
3. If the consumer chooses a combination, presented-
a point lying on a plane bounded by the budget
jet line, then it:
a) maximizes profit
b) wants to buy more goods than the budget allows;
c) does not fully use its budget.
Answers: 1. c, 2. a, 3. c.
Topic 5. 1. Entrepreneurship:
a) always beneficial
b) is the prerogative of adults;
c) it is a factor of production.
2. A company that cares about its reputation is interested in
a) only in making a profit;
b) to find an easy way to increase profits;
c) in the quality, labeling and packaging of the product, safe
type of consumer;
d) in reducing the cost of production due to
quality.
3. The corporation is legal entity. This means:
a) difficult to organize;
b) can only attract a limited number
capital;
c) the most common form of business organization;
d) may sue or prosecute, having
no right to enter into contracts and must pay taxes.
Answers: 1. c, 2. c, 3. g.
Topic 6. 1. In the short run, a firm that maximizes
profit, will stop production if it turns out that:
a) the price is less than the minimum average cost;
b) total revenue is less than total variable costs;
c) total revenue is less than total cost.
2. Average total cost of production
the minimum value is reached at that volume
products when:
3. Which of the following curves never takes U-
figurative form:
Answers: 1. b, 2. c, 3. c.
Topic 7. 1. In public communications it is allowed
the existence of monopolies because...
a) there is practically no regulation;
b) competition may harm the public interest;
c) enterprises receive financial assistance from the side
governments;
d) enterprises are extremely large.
2. Markets of perfect and monopolistic competition
have in common:
a) produce differentiated goods;
b) there are many buyers and sellers in the market;
c) the market behavior of each firm depends on the reaction
her competitors.
3. Find one correct answer:
a) the demand curve for a monopoly is always horizontal;
b) the monopoly receives excess profit due to more
high efficiency compared to competitive
industry;
c) a monopoly can increase the overall profit,
setting different prices for your product on different
Answers: 1. b, 2. b, 3. c.
Topic 8. 1. Marginal product of a factor of production in monetary terms
expression:
a) cannot be determined under conditions of perfect
competition;
b) represents the selling price of the last unit
product;
c) is equal to the change in the total amount of revenue at
using an additional factor unit
production.
2. Firm achieves minimum level costs
a) the marginal products of the factors of production are equal to their
b) the prices of all factors of production are the same;
c) a) and b) wrong answers.
3. A competitive firm seeking to maximize
profit must hire additional workers in
in the event that:
a) total revenue is less than total cost
b) marginal product of labor in monetary terms
exceeds the wage rate
c) the value of the marginal product in monetary terms
decreases.
Answers: 1. c, 2. c, 3. b.
Topic 9. 1. The role of the state in solving the problem “For whom
produce" is significant if:
a) contributes to strengthening equality in society;
b) contributes to economic stabilization;
c) stimulates the growth of the efficiency of the economy.
2. Negative external costs lead to
what item:
a) is not produced;
b) is produced in insufficient quantities, and on him
too low prices are set;
c) is issued in excessive quantities, and on him
too high prices are set;
3. Macroregulation by the state is:
a) management of all business processes in
society;
b) regulation of distribution processes through
taxes, credit, etc.;
c) directive decision-making for business
Answers: 1. c, 2. c, 3. b.
Topic 10. 1. Which of the following is included in the GNP?
a) the cost of a new textbook at the local bookstore
shop;
b) services of a housewife;
c) purchase new promotion at the broker;
d) buying a used car from a neighbor.
2. Assume that prices are rising and output is not
is changing. Under these conditions, GNP, measured in current
current prices will be:
a) increase
b) immutable;
c) decrease;
d) cause prices to fall.
3. What might happen if the government increases
their full-time expenses?
a) prices will fall
b) prices will rise;
c) there is mass unemployment;
d) government debt will rise.
Answers: 1. a, 2. a, 3. b.
Topic 11. 1. A shift in the aggregate demand curve to the right cannot
reflect:
a) an increase in the price level and a fall in real volume
GNP at the same time;
b) an increase in the price level and real GDP
simultaneously;
c) the growth of real GDP in the absence of an increase
2. The aggregate supply curve reflects the relative
between:
a) the price level and the volume of GDP consumed in real
expression;
b) the price level and the volume of GNP produced in real
nominal expression;
3. If the produced volume of GNP in real terms
less than the equilibrium, then the producers:
a) increase productive reserves and expand
production;
b) reduce inventories and expand
production;
c) increase inventories and reduce
production.
Answers: 1. a, 2. b, 3. b.
Topic 12. 1. Supply-side inflation develops
due to:
a) shift of the aggregate demand curve to the left;
b) shift of the aggregate demand curve to the right;
c) a shift in a crooked aggregate supply.
2. A downward trend in gross investment appears
during the period when:
a) sales growth rates increase;
b) the level of sales growth remains unchanged;
c) sales growth rates are falling.
3. Which of the phenomena does not correspond to the period
economic downturn?
a) a decrease in the amount of unemployment benefits;
b) reduction in tax revenues;
c) reducing investment in equipment with a long
service life.
Answers: 1. c, 2. c, 3. a.
Topic 13. 1. Pronounced anti-inflationary fiscal
policy suggests:
a) tax increases and cuts
government spending;
b) tax increases and more high level state
expenses;
c) a reduction in both tax revenues and government
tvenny expenses.
2. If the government proposes to increase the level
real NNP, it can:
a) cut taxes
b) reduce transfer payments;
c) reduce the level of the budget deficit.
3. Select the letter with the answer "true":
a) as a result of the implementation of fiscal policy
government spending is down;
b) the state budget deficit is not related to
the size of net exports;
c) even a balanced budget can be
used to reduce unemployment and
overcoming depression.
Answers: 1. a, 2. a, 3. c.
Topic 14. 1. If the Central Bank seeks to increase the volume of GNP,
Which of the following measures should he not take?
accept:
a) increase investment spending so that
raise the level of general spending;
b) promotion interest rates in order to make
loans more attractive to owners
cash;
c) increasing the availability of credit;
2. The term "operations on open market" means:
a) lending activities of commercial banks
firms and population;
b) the activity of the Central Bank in providing loans
commercial banks;
c) the activity of the Central Bank in buying or selling
government securities.
3. If the Central Bank raises the discount rate, then this
measure which is part of monetary policy, together with
other measures are aimed primarily at:
a) a decrease in the total amount of reserves of commercial
b) an increase in the total volume of reserves of commercial
c) stimulating the growth of the savings of the population.
Answers: 1. b, 2. c, 3. a.
Theme 16. 1. Spain decides to establish control over foreign
trade in order to reduce the payment deficit
balance. One of the outcomes of this decision will be:
a) a decrease in Spanish imports;
b) decline in Spanish exports;
c) a decrease in the trade balance.
2. If under the regime of fixed exchange rates
Inflation in Japan will be higher than in
other countries, then:
a) Japanese exports and imports will decrease;
b) Japanese exports will increase, while imports will decrease;
c) Japanese exports will fall and imports will rise.
3. Component country's balance of payments
current payments - does not include:
a) changes in the country's assets abroad;
b) commodity export;
c) net income from investments;
d) transport services to foreign states.
Answers: 1. a, 2. c, 3. a.
Test task on the topic "Interaction of supply and demand" (discipline "Economic theory")
This test is designed to test knowledge on the topic "Interaction of supply and demand" in the discipline "Economic theory" for first-year students of both economic and non-economic specialties in institutions of higher and secondary vocational education. This test can be used at the end of the lesson and involves individual work every student.
The test consists of 15 questions. Some questions involve multiple correct options answers. Also in the test there is a task to establish correspondence and additions to judgments.
The test time is 20-30 minutes.
Test tasks on the topic "Interaction of supply and demand"
1. The market demand curve shows:
a) how will the consumption of the good decrease if the income of buyers decreases
b) at what price will the vast majority of transactions be carried out;
c) that consumers tend to buy more goods at higher prices
d) how much of the good consumers are willing and able to purchase per unit of time at different prices
2. Ceteris paribus, a shift of the supply curve to the right leads to:
a) an increase in the equilibrium price and equilibrium quantity;
b) to a decrease in the equilibrium price and equilibrium quantity;
c) an increase in the equilibrium price and a decrease in the equilibrium quantity
d) to a decrease in the equilibrium price and an increase in the equilibrium quantity
3. What will happen to the yogurt supply curve if the price of yogurt falls by half, other things being equal?
a) the supply curve will shift to the right
b) the supply curve will shift to the left
c) the supply curve will not change its position
d) none of the above apply
4. What happens in a competitive market if supply exceeds demand?
a) consumer demand will increase
b) producers will increase the output of goods
c) the market price will fall
d) the market price will rise
5. When new manufacturers appear in a competitive market, most likely:
a) the equilibrium price will increase
b) demand will increase
c) supply will decrease
d) the equilibrium price will decrease
6. Increasing supply and demand at the same time:
a) will lead to an increase in the equilibrium price
b) leave the equilibrium price unchanged
c) lower the equilibrium price
d) can lead to any of the above consequences
7. The law of supply states that:
a) buyers will buy more goods at low prices than at high prices
b) sellers will produce more if prices are higher instead of lower
c) the quantity of goods offered for sale does not depend on the price
d) consumers buy more goods at high prices than at low prices.
8. When the demand for timber increases, so does the demand for nails. When the demand for timber decreases, the demand for nails also decreases. Economists would say that wood and nails:
a) unrelated goods
b) interchangeable goods
c) complementary goods
d) elastic goods
9. To the functions of the free market in economic system relate:
a) informational
b) general economic
c) pricing
d) control
10. The quantity of a good or service that will be purchased at a certain price in a certain period is ...
a) the amount of demand
b) the size of the offer
c) the law of demand
d) the law of supply
11. Non-price factors affecting demand include:
a) changing tastes and preferences
b) technology
c) an increase or decrease in the number of buyers in the market
d) the number of sellers in the market
12. The price that balances supply and demand as a result of competitive forces is called ...
a) market
b) equilibrium
c) equilibrium market
d) balanced
13. Complete the judgment
The degree of change of one quantity under the influence of another is called
14. Match
a) the elasticity index is greater than 11) inelastic demand
b) the elasticity index is less than 1
2) the price change is proportional to the change in demand
c) the elasticity index is 1
3) elastic demand
15. To understand the function of a sentence, the time factor matters. In this case, market periods do not include ... period:
a) shortest
b) short term
c) medium term
d) long-term
Key
Check Tool
For each correctly solved problem and the correct answer to the test, one point is awarded. Next, the percentage of points is calculated (the sum of the points received by the student is divided by the maximum possible number of points and multiplied by 100%).
Thus, the following scores are given:
100% - 90% - "excellent"
89% - 75% - "good"
74% - 60% "satisfactory"
59% or less - "not satisfactory"
The coefficient of price elasticity of demand is - 1/3. It means that:
If the price of a good falls by 1%, then the demand for it will increase by 3%.
If the price of a good increases by 1%, then the demand for it will decrease by 1/3%.
The formation of market prices occurs due to ____________ competition.
Intra-industry
Number of phases of the economic cycle
iron ore, teachers, trucks
To the essential elements market system do not apply
having a common goal
What happens in a competitive market if supply exceeds demand?
the market price will fall
The Central Bank is a link in the _______ system
monetary
Types of social reproduction
extended, simple, narrowed
Perfect competition market:
has many buyers and sellers
What theory of the regulated economy was supported by I. Fischer and M. Friedman?
Monetarism
What type of customs duties does not exist?
Preferential
Monetary policy is...
a set of government measures in the field of monetary and credit system
What is meant by "factors of production"?
land, labor, capital
What function of finance does not exist?
stimulating
Leasing is...
rental of durable goods
Inflation is...
The economy (as a system of knowledge) is...
the science of how a particular person and society as a whole chooses how to use limited resources to produce various products and services and distribute them among people
What kind of macroeconomic policy does not exist?
Aggregation
Ceteris paribus, a shift in the demand curve to the right for goods of the lowest category can be associated with:
with a decrease in consumer income
Oligopoly is...
few competing firms
There is no inflation at the rate of price growth
Projected
What form of credit does not exist?
Partial
interest free
The external effect is...
the impact of the actions of economic entities participating in this transaction on third parties
The subsidy is...
type of public financial assistance to local governments provided for development purposes
type of state benefit to organizations, enterprises to cover losses and support purposes
The value of paper money...
In Russia, progressive taxation includes:
personal income tax
income tax (profit tax) from enterprises
Animator is...
a numerical coefficient that shows the size of GDP with an increase in investment
A market with several large firms is called:
oligopoly
Which of the following is not true of a monopolistic competition market?
there are barriers to entry in the market
What balance international finance does not exist?
Trade
Portfolio
Okun's law says...
if the actual unemployment rate exceeds the natural unemployment rate, exceeds the natural rate by 1%, then the GDP lag is 2.5%
I. Fischer was an adherent of the theory of economics, which is called:
monetarism
Dumping occurs when...
firms sell goods abroad at a price below its cost
Portfolio investment is...
acquisition of shares of an enterprise in amounts that do not provide ownership or control over them
International finance is...
set of monetary relations serving world economic relations
the movement of capital between countries, including exports and imports, foreign investment and loans, subsidies, currency ratios, various payments
The Laffer Curve shows the relationship between:
tax rates and tax revenue
Which firms will have more discretion in setting prices for their products?
the only manufacturer of a product for which there are no substitutes
Does not apply to economic cycle phases
Stagflation
The law of diminishing marginal utility reflects the following provisions
the utility of each successive unit of a good decreases as the number of goods increases
What is the task of the central bank?
assistance to state control over CB
ensuring payment turnover
Oligopoly is...
a market structure characterized by the ability of sellers or buyers to influence the market price
a market structure consisting of a small number of firms, some of which are large
A budget deficit occurs when...
government spending exceeds government revenue
Trade policy is...
government policies that affect trade through taxes, subsidies, and direct restrictions on imports or exports
The value of paper money...
may decrease or increase for various reasons
What foreign trade policy of the state does not exist?
free trading
In 2005, R.Alfania's price index was 200% compared to 1995, and R.Betania, which is Alphania's trading partner, 100%. In 1995 exchange rate amounted to 3 pesos of R. Alphania to 1 real of R. Betania. In 2005, at purchasing power parity, the exchange rate was:
6 pesos to 1 real
Macroeconomics is...
branch of economics that studies the behavior of the economy as a whole
Goods for which demand increases as consumer income increases are...
normal goods
Inflation caused by excess demand is illustrated on the graph by a shift in the curve of the aggregate ...
demand right+
sentences to the left
Social efficiency of general production
ratio of social and economic efficiency
There is no tax rate depending on the tax base
fiscal
The financial plan of the state is called:
state budget
Accounting profit includes:
accounting - part of the company's income, which remains from the total revenue after the reimbursement of external costs, i.e., payments for the resources of suppliers. Such an interpretation includes only explicit costs and ignores temporary (hidden) costs;
economic (net) - what remains after subtracting from the total income of the company all costs (external and internal, including in the latter the normal profit of the entrepreneur).
According to the Phillips Curve...
anti-inflationary policy in the short term leads to an increase in unemployment and a decline in output
A positive externality occurs when marginal private benefits
less than the marginal total benefit
Other things being equal, a shift in the supply curve to the right results in:
to a decrease in the equilibrium price and an increase in the equilibrium quantity
Implicit (internal) costs are:
company's own resource costs
Inflation is...
depreciation of paper money due to violation of the laws of money circulation, which is accompanied by an inevitable increase in prices for goods and services
Suppose the Russian government taxes champagne producers at a rate of 90% of the cost of each bottle of this drink. Producers increase the price of their products by the amount of the tax. Who pays this tax as a result?
champagne buyers
With full employment of resources, social production must sacrifice part of one product, this is called:
opportunity cost
The three main factors of production are natural, human and capital resources. Which of the following groups best represents all of these factors?
oil, taxi drivers, securities
Which of the statements is true?
the closer the Lorenz curve to the diagonal line, the higher the degree of income distribution uniformity
One of the features of the traditional economic system is
universal nature of labor and production
The tax rate is...
part of the tax base that the taxpayer is obliged to pay in the form of a particular tax
If nominal wages increase by 10% and the price level rises by 13%, then real wages will be
3% decrease
Inference, which is a movement from facts to generalization, is a method ...
deductions
As a barrier to entry into the industry of new manufacturers can serve as:
everything listed is correct
What type of business cycle does not exist?
construction cycles
Fiscal policy is...
government changes to government spending and taxation
Which of the following is the cause of differentiation personal income citizens:
all of the above
An oligopolistic market is similar to a monopolistic market in that:
there are formidable barriers to entry into the industry
The size of the minimum wage; social payments, transfers are…
macroeconomic policy instruments???
What strategic goal of the state does not exist?
import regulation
The main instrument of privatization in the Russian Federation
What currency system did not exist?
European
The law of supply states that:
sellers will produce more goods if prices are higher instead of lower
The commodity nature of money is substantiated by ____________ theory
monetarist
quantitative
The law of diminishing returns states that...
after a certain point, the amount of additional product obtained from adding additional costs to one of the factors used will become less and less
