Modern problems of science and education. Organization of accounting in the pharmacy network Accounting system in the pharmacy organization

The speed and quality of customer service, optimization of accounting and replenishment of inventories, the ability to quickly monitor and regulate the level of retail prices and many other aspects that affect the final result of the pharmacy are always relevant. It is impossible to survive without considering these factors. What then to say about the current situation, when the problem of the struggle for the buyer has long been the most urgent. The desire of managers to use every opportunity to increase the competitiveness of their business has increased dramatically. In particular, the demand for various computer and software solutions has noticeably increased, allowing for the comprehensive automation of the entire cycle of pharmacy activities.

A pharmacy as a trading institution is characterized by a high degree of accountability. Given the significant volume and rate of turnover of goods, the specific requirements for its storage and sale, it is very important to establish a quick and high-quality collection, processing and analysis of information related to commercial activities pharmacies. This can be done through the introduction of automated control systems that make it possible to combine the entire process of goods turnover - from ordering the next batch from the supplier to the moment of sale and accounting of funds received from it.

The software product is an information system designed for comprehensive automated accounting and analysis of the movement of all categories of goods in pharmacies or pharmacy chains. They cover all aspects of the pharmacy and take into account all the features of its work.

These are the advantages of the system noted by pharmacy workers who have been successfully using the software product in everyday practice for a long time. Firstly, it is a full accounting of goods in real time with the maintenance of the necessary financial documentation. You always know exactly the profit and balance of goods in any department of your pharmacy, you can control purchases, dispensing, assortment and retail prices of goods. Naturally, all this reduces labor costs, simplifies the work of pharmacists, and the pharmacy management allows you to optimize the assortment policy of the enterprise, getting rid of "ballast" positions and reducing the amount of inventory to the required minimum. For example, an inventory, if necessary, can be carried out in just a few hours. The reports generated by the system make it possible to timely identify possible errors, simplify accounting and provide analytical information for the pharmacy manager. Any report can be created in a few minutes.

Thanks to the automated system, the work of the pharmacist-informer has accelerated. Information about the availability of medicines and prices is sent to the city certificate and to medical institutions. The system is easy to use, it allows you to quickly train staff on the job. In addition, the system provides the pharmacy with great analytical opportunities for planning its activities. For example, you can perform a full rating calculation for all medicines for a year in less than 5 minutes. Such a high speed of functioning is achieved, in particular, due to the fact that during operation the system does not create any temporary, unnecessary files, which is typical for many computer programs. Usually these files remain on the disk and slow down the program. A comparative analysis of the assortment is carried out taking into account the "break-even point" of individual groups of goods, the structure of sales volumes, and the profitability of commodity items are determined. Thus, it becomes possible to plan sales volumes, commodity-cash flows, profits and costs.

The most preferred and beneficial for the pharmacy is integrated software and hardware systems, or automated control systems. Such systems make it possible to comprehensively take into account and control the financial and economic activities of a pharmacy or pharmacy chain, i.e. form complete and reliable information about business processes and results of the enterprise. And this, in turn, means the release of managers and accountants from tedious calculations, allowing them to fully concentrate on the analysis and business planning. Over the past years, the development of information products has been associated with the use of economic and mathematical methods for the implementation of marketing functions for predicting the consumption of pharmacy products, as well as for testing the market.

An automated system allows you to provide accurate knowledge of the profit and balance of goods in any department at any time (this is necessary in order to minimize the inventory in the warehouse, while maintaining an irreducible stock of medicines established by special lists).

Recently, the pharmacy has been using the “Suppliers” software package. The system is designed for automated accounting and analysis of the movement of pharmacy goods. It covers all aspects of activity - from the arrival of goods at the warehouse to its implementation on the trading floor. This program takes into account the peculiarities of the work of a pharmacy, allowing you to keep a subject-quantitative account of goods, financial control and operational monitoring of commodity balances. With the help of the program, contacts with suppliers are maintained and the order is updated. Rapid determination of real balances is one of the main advantages. In addition, the use of cash registers using bar coding as part of the software package simplifies the process of dispensing drugs and their accounting, greatly facilitates the work of pharmacists, improving the quality of control and reducing the cost of staff errors. The delivery of goods to the pharmacy from suppliers takes several hours.

Pharmacies that purchase software are well aware of how important service begins to play in this case. In general, the system solves almost any problem modern pharmacy. But most importantly, according to its users, it allows you to make drug care really "emergency".

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MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND SCIENCE OF RUSSIA

FEDERAL STATE BUDGET EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTION

HIGHER PROFESSIONAL EDUCATION

"VYATKA STATE HUMANITARIAN UNIVERSITY"

course project

in the discipline of designing information systems

DEVELOPMENT OF THE INFORMATION SYSTEM FOR ACCOUNT OF THE STOCKS OF MEDICINES OF THE PHARMACY

INTRODUCTION

In recent years, the volume and circulation of information has significantly increased in all spheres of human life: economic, financial, political, spiritual. And the process of accumulation, processing and use of knowledge is constantly accelerating. Scientists say that every ten years the amount of information doubles. In this regard, there is a need to use automatic tools that allow you to efficiently store, process and distribute the accumulated data.

Information is received into automated systems, which is processed, and the results obtained are also presented in the form of information. When creating a unified information processing system, the designer must strive to ensure the integrity of the system, using special backbone components for this. The property of integrity consists in the creation of new functions inherent in the system, in the formation of new knowledge.

Overcoming organized complexity (inherent in any system) consists in simplification, optimization and multi-level and multi-aspect modeling. At the same time, one should not forget about the property of integrity, since each specialist functionary creates his own aspect model.

Based on modern requirements for the quality of work financial link large enterprise, it should be noted that its effective operation entirely depends on the level of equipping the company with information tools based on computer systems for automated warehouse accounting.

Computer accounting has its own characteristics and is radically different from the usual one. The computer not only facilitates accounting by reducing the time required for paperwork and summarizing the accumulated data to analyze the course of trading activities necessary to manage them. Computerized trading reports can be obtained without it - there is no special mathematics in the computer - but the calculations will take so much time that they will not be needed for anything; or they will have to employ so many clerks that their wages will cost far more than the profits generated by their reckoning.

Thus, when using a computer, “quantity turns into quality”: an increase in the speed of calculations makes it possible to improve the quality of the trading scheme itself. In this course project, we will have to automate the system for accounting for stocks of medicines, that is, introduce information technology into the process of its work.

The implementation of the project of the automated system "Accounting for stocks of medicines" will greatly facilitate the work of employees in the pharmacy and provide an opportunity to reduce management costs by freeing up human resources involved in various types of processing paper documents, store and analyze data for any period of time, search for the necessary information by different criteria selection.

The purpose of the course work is to analyze the activities of pharmacy inventory of medicines, the introduction of information technology in the process of pharmacy. The result of the work is the creation of a ready-made information system for accounting for stocks of medicines in the warehouse.

During the course work, the following tasks were set:

description of the subject area;

designing a conceptual data model;

business process modeling;

designing the physical structure of the database.

The solution of these problems involves the creation of a database for accounting for stocks of medicines in the warehouse.

1. GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE AUTOMATION OBJECT

1.1 Setting goals and objectives for automation

The main advantage of automation is a reduction in the redundancy of stored data, and therefore saving the amount of memory used, reducing the cost of multiple operations for updating redundant copies and eliminating the possibility of conflicts due to storing information about the same object in different places, increasing the degree of information reliability and increasing the speed of information processing; an excessive number of internal intermediate documents, various journals, folders, applications, etc., repeated entry of the same information into various intermediate documents. Also, the time is significantly reduced by the automatic search for information, which is performed from special screen forms in which the parameters of the search for an object are indicated.

An automated system is understood as a system of methods and methods for collecting, accumulating, storing, searching, processing and protecting management information based on the use of advanced software, computer technology and communications, as well as the ways in which this information is provided to users.

The use of automated systems made it possible to present in a formalized form suitable for practical use, a concentrated expression of scientific knowledge and practical experience for the implementation and organization of social processes. At the same time, it is supposed to save labor costs, time and other material resources necessary for the implementation of these processes. Therefore, automated systems play an important strategic role, which is constantly increasing.

This is due to a number of properties inherent in automated systems, which: allow you to activate and effectively use the information resources of society, which saves other types of resources; implement the most important, intellectual functions of social and economic processes; allow optimizing and in many cases automating information processes during the formation of the information society; provide information interaction of people, which contributes to the dissemination of mass information.

Information systems are quickly assimilated by the culture of society, remove many social, domestic and industrial problems, expand domestic and international economic and cultural ties, influence the migration of the population around the planet; occupy a central place in the process of intellectualization of society, in the development of the education system, culture and new (screen) forms of art, the popularization of masterpieces of world culture and the history of human development; play a key role in the processes of obtaining, accumulating, disseminating new knowledge; make it possible to implement methods of information modeling of global processes, which makes it possible to predict many natural situations in regions of increased social and political tension, environmental disasters, and major technological accidents.

The structure of a specific automated system for its implementation implies the presence of three components: a set of technical means, consisting of computing, communication and organizational equipment; a software system consisting of system (general) and application software; a system of organizational and methodological support, including instructive and normative and methodological materials for organizing the work of managerial and technical personnel within a specific automated system for supporting managerial activities.

1.2 Engineering tools

AT modern world almost any organization, be it a business enterprise or government agency, faces the problem of structuring the received information, analysis and management of various information systems (IS). Every year, the development and implementation of such IS becomes much more complicated. At the same time, at the initial stage of developing such systems, a detailed analysis of the activity itself and the tasks set for the IS is always carried out. Therefore, special CASE-tools (Computer Aided Software / System Engineering) are currently used to help in the development and support of complex software systems - from simple modeling of business processes in an enterprise to full support for the entire life cycle of creating and maintaining information systems.

CASE is a toolkit for system analysts, developers and programmers. They allow you to get a description of the work of the system being created before it was built. Then, with their help, you can analyze the operation of the system and optimize the prepared solutions. With the help of CASE-tools, analytical schemes are created that not only show an understanding of the customer's requirements, but also make you understand the full depth of the system being developed, discover missing details.

Today, CASE tools are successfully used in almost all areas of human activity, where there is a need for process automation and detailed information analysis. They include a certain set of tools for servicing the processes of designing and maintaining IS, creating databases and applications, testing, documentation, structural and functional analysis, and so on.

CASE-tools - effective support for thinking and developing logic. On the basis of which the capabilities of analysts are greatly expanded. With the help of CASE-tools it is possible to develop an information model and, on its basis, the concept of enterprise automation.

Tools designed for IC modeling can be classified into one of the following categories:

local, supporting one or two types of models and methods;

small integrated modeling tools that support several types of models and methods (ERwin, BPwin);

medium integrated modeling tools that support from 4 to 10-15 types of models and methods (Rational Rose, Paradigm Plus, Designer/2000);

large integrated modeling tools that support more than 15 types of models and methods (ARIS Toolset).

Of all the presented ones, BPwin is more suitable for us. BPwin is a fairly advanced modeling tool that allows you to analyze, document and improve business processes. With it, you can model actions in processes, determine their order and the necessary resources. BPwin models create the structure necessary for understanding business processes, identifying control events and the order in which process elements interact with each other.

Let's compare BPwin with other CASE tools (Table 1):

Table 1 - Comparison of CASE tools

1.3 Description of the subject area

In this work, the subject area of automation is the warehouse operations of a pharmacy.

First of all, the warehouse deals with the movement of material and information flows. The former are represented by the movement of goods from suppliers to the warehouse and from the warehouse to the employees of the center, and the information flows are represented by the documentation necessary for these operations.

The warehouse accepts and stores medicines, which are accompanied by a consignment note and an invoice. The commodity consists of two parts: general (which includes the number and date of the consignment note, the name and details of the supplier) and specification (it includes the names and quantity and price of the transferred products). An invoice is a document issued by a supplier to a buyer to confirm the buyer's payment, the amount of payment, the marketability of a given business transaction, or the acceptance or rejection of it in an invoice. a common part includes the details of the supplier and the buyer, and the specification indicates the name of the product, units of measurement, price and amount.

2. DEVELOPMENT OF FUNCTIONAL MODELS OF AN AUTOMATED SYSTEM FOR ACCOUNTING FOR THE STOCKS OF MEDICINES OF A PHARMACY

BPwin is a powerful modeling tool that is used to analyze, document and reengineer complex business processes. The model created by BPwin tools allows you to clearly document various aspects of the activity - the actions to be taken, the methods for their implementation, the resources required for this, etc. Thus, a holistic picture of the enterprise's activities is formed - from work organization models in small departments to complex hierarchical structures . When developing or purchasing software, business process models are an excellent tool for documenting needs, helping to ensure a high return on investment in the IT industry. In the hands of system analysts and developers, BPwin is also a powerful tool for modeling processes when creating corporate information systems (CIS).

BPwin combines function (IDEF0), data flow (DFD), and workflow (IDEF3) modeling tools into one tool, coordinating these three core business aspects to meet the needs of business and systems analysts. BPwin allows key modeling information to be reused in terms of basic aspects to identify conflict points and ultimately reach agreement.

With the help of functional modeling (IDEF0 notation), it is possible to conduct a systematic analysis of the activities of an enterprise, focusing on regularly solved tasks (functions), indicating their correct implementation, indicators, resources required for this, results and raw materials (raw materials).

Often used in software development, data flow modeling (DFD) focuses on the flow of data between different operations, including storage, to achieve maximum availability and minimum response time. Such modeling allows us to consider a specific process, analyze the operations of which it consists, as well as decision points that affect its course.

Workflow modeling (IDEF3 notation) allows you to consider a specific process, analyze the operations of which it consists, as well as decision points that affect its course.

The context diagram is the top level of the model, representing the system as a set of hierarchical actions, in which each action transforms some object or set of objects. The highest action of the hierarchy is called the action of the context - this is the highest level that directly describes the system. The levels below are called child decompositions and represent the sub-processes of the parent activity.

The context diagram depicts the activities of the highest level and marks the boundary of the modeling in terms of purpose, capabilities, and point of view.

In this course work, based on the IDEF0 notation, a context diagram was developed that shows input and output resources, control rules and a control mechanism (Figure 1).

Figure 1 - Context diagram "Automated drug inventory system for pharmacy (IDEF0)

The interaction of the system with the environment is described in terms necessary for the normal functioning of the pharmaceutical industry:

The input is a product from the supplier with accompanying documents. For goods from a supplier, this is a waybill and an invoice.

The current legislation and instructions are the regulatory rules that govern the functioning of the pharmacy business.

In the functioning of the pharmacy, the most important function is performed by resources. Pharmacy staff is involved in all functional subsystems. Information resources perform a direct function (providing information about the supplier, product, etc.). It is currently impossible to imagine any functioning medical institution without medicines.

After describing the context diagram, a functional decomposition is carried out - the system is divided into subsystems, and each subsystem is described separately (decomposition diagrams). Then each subsystem, if necessary, is divided into smaller ones, and so on until the desired degree of detail is reached. As a result of such a partition, each fragment of the system is depicted on a separate decomposition diagram (Figure 2).

Figure 2 - IDEF0 decomposition diagram. Accounting for stocks of medicines

The entire process of accounting for stocks of medicines is divided into:

Acceptance of goods (acceptance of goods according to accompanying documents).

At this stage, the goods with accompanying documents arrive at the pharmacy warehouse and are counted (view expiration dates). If the result of counting the goods is positive, then part of the goods is transferred for shipment, the rest - for storage. If the result of counting the goods is negative, then an act is drawn up and the goods with documents are transferred for storage until the results are equalized.

Loading of medicines.

This stage involves the acquisition of medicines and their shipment.

Storage - the main and most complex function of the pharmacy warehouse, implies all other actions with the goods that are not described above, for example, warehousing, accounting for goods, paperwork for the goods.

Each sub-process is subject to further decomposition. As a result of further division of functions, we obtain decomposition diagrams (Figure 3, 4, 5):

Figure 3 - IDEF0 decomposition diagram. Taking medication

The process of taking medications is divided into:

unloading (medicines are unloaded to the warehouse);

recalculation (medicines are recalculated, the expiration date of the medicines is checked, and the resulting quantity is checked against the quantity indicated in the receipt documents).

Next, we decompose the functional block "Recalculation (checking expiration dates)", which in turn is an element of the decomposition of the block "Medicine intake" and is divided into five actions (Figure 4):

taking medication for verification;

reconciliation with the supply contract;

appearance inspection;

checking the date of manufacture and expiration date;

transfer to the collection of medicines.

Figure 4 - IDEF3 decomposition diagram. Recalculation (checking expiration dates)

Fig.5: IDEF0 decomposition diagram. Shipment of goods

The shipping process is divided into:

Completion of medicines.

Loading of medicines. Accepted and rejected medicines are shipped with the relevant documents.

Fig.5: IDEF0 decomposition diagram. Storage

The storage process, in turn, is divided into:

Warehousing (Direct placement of medicines in the pharmacy warehouse).

Accounting for medicines.

3. DEVELOPMENT OF INFORMATION MODELS OF THE AUTOMATED SYSTEM "ACCOUNTING FOR THE STOCKS OF MEDICINES OF THE PHARMACY"

The construction of an information model of the subject area involves the selection of entities, their attributes and primary keys, the identification of relationships between entities. The generally accepted type of graphical representation of the relational data model is the ER diagram, in which entities are depicted by rectangles connected by links. Such a graphical representation makes it easier to understand the structure of the database compared to a textual description.

IDEF1X describes a collection / set of instances similar in properties, but uniquely distinguished from each other by one or more features. Each instance is an implementation of an entity, i.e. an entity in IDEF1X describes a concrete set of real-world instances, as opposed to an entity in IDEF1, which is an abstract set of real-world information mappings. An entity is a set of instances of real or abstract objects (a person, a place, a thing, an event, a state, a concept, an idea, an object, etc.) that have common attributes or characteristics, and about which information must be stored.

An entity is a set of individual objects - instances, and all these objects are different.

A relationship is a functional dependency between entities. For example, "employee" makes "sales".

Each entity has attributes. An attribute is a property of an object that characterizes its instance.

There are two levels of representation and modeling in ERwin - logical and physical. The logical level means a direct mapping of the facts from real life. For example, people, desks, departments, computers are real objects. They are named in natural language, with any word separators (spaces, commas, etc.). At the logical level, the use of a particular DBMS is not considered, data types (for example, integer or real number) are not defined, and indexes for tables are not defined.

Entity and attribute level diagram, in the IDEF1X notation of the logical level of the ERwin model (Fig. 6):

Fig.6. ERD - diagram in IDEF1X notation logical level

pharmacy medicines data base

The buyer entity contains information about the buyer code, the buyer's full name, and his address.

The order entity contains the order number, order date, form of payment, payment, name, and quantity.

The supplier entity contains the supplier code, the supplier's full name, and its address.

The shelf entity contains the shelf number.

The drug entity contains information about the drug code, batch, drug name, drug classification, description, units of measurement, delivery date, availability, quantity, and price.

The physical layer of the ERwin model consists of the target DBMS, object names and data types, and indexes. ERD diagram (physical layer) of the physical layer of the ERwin model (Fig. 7):

ERwin provides the ability to create and manage these two different presentation levels of a single diagram (model), as well as having many display options at each level.

Fig.7 ERD - diagram in IDEF1X physical layer notation.

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...

Introduction

. Theoretical part

.1 The need for automation

.2 What IP does a pharmacy need

.3 Trends and outlook

. Analytical part

.1 Characteristics of the automation object

. Design part

.1 Statement of the problem

.2 Software

. Economic part

.1 Selection and justification of the methodology for calculating economic efficiency

.2 Calculation of indicators of economic efficiency of the project

Conclusion

List of used literature

Annex A

Introduction

This course project is devoted to the development of an information system in the accounting of medicines.

The object of development is an information system for the accumulation, access, processing and administration of information stored in the pharmacy network database.

To date, information technology has reached a high level of development in the world. In this regard, some pharmacy chains use automatic tools to efficiently store, process and distribute the accumulated data. Based on the modern requirements for the quality of the work of the enterprise, it should be noted that their effective work entirely depends on the level of equipment with information tools based on computer-aided accounting systems.

When organizing accounting in a network of pharmacies, an important role is played by software and hardware automation, both mobile and stationary: barcode scanners, label printers, data collection terminals. All this, along with the software, allows you to keep track of the goods at the moment when they are moved or sold. The pace of modern business does not allow postponing the process of registering the movement of goods.

In this regard, the topic of this course project is currently relevant and significant for the effective functioning of the network of pharmacies.

The purpose of the course project is to develop an information system for accounting for medicines that will ensure the correct maintenance of a database containing data on the product range, customers and suppliers, the receipt and consumption of goods, bills, invoices, invoices, checks, and also supplement it with accurate and partial search for information, ensuring the referential integrity of the database, generating various reports, etc.

The object of the study is the network of pharmacies "Solnechnaya"

The system being developed is designed to automate the trading and purchasing activities of an enterprise, taking into account all the requirements put forward for software specific to this subject area.

The main objective of this project is to create an interactive automated trading management system that will eliminate the shortcomings of real trading processes.

An important task of creating a system is to reduce the time spent on basic operations by the organization's personnel, which, of course, should lead to qualitative improvements in the organization's activities.

Formation of reliable information in the form of various reports and diagrams for an objective assessment of the current state of affairs in the enterprise.

The system should ensure the performance of functions related to keeping records of purchases and sales of products, namely, the program should provide:

1. Correct maintenance of the database (adding, deleting, editing records);

2. Keep records of the arrival/expenditure of goods;

The data must be able to be exported to MS Excel. It should also be possible to graphically display the output.

The general requirement of the system is to create a user-friendly interface with which the user could easily and quickly enter information into the database, according to the above requirements.

In addition to the main functions for practical use, a user interface should be developed (made more compact and systematized).

The program must:

have an advanced graphical interface. Users of various qualifications will be able to work with this program.

allow you to enter and store information in the database, edit it, generate reports.

significantly reduce the time spent on the preparation of current documentation and final reports, eliminates the possibility of errors in calculations, can be used on a different scale, i.e. can work with a huge amount of data, does not require reprogramming when changing equipment models, characteristics, prices, etc.

The program must be created in the Borland Delphi 7.0 application development tool environment, which implements modern approaches to programming: an object-oriented approach and visual tools for rapid application development.

1. Theoretical part

.1 The need for automation

A pharmacy is primarily a point where sales are made, so many business processes here are the same as in a regular store. The list of tasks to be automated in a separate (independent) pharmacy includes:

Accounting;

2. ordering goods from suppliers (a wide range and the presence of a large number of suppliers dictate the need to implement an electronic order using special features to compare prices from different suppliers);

Analysis of the movement of goods and the formation of analytical reports for different groups of goods;

Registration and accounting of sales.

For a pharmacy chain, the list of such tasks will be longer, it includes, for example, maintaining product classifiers, centralized financial and economic accounting, logistics (transferring goods from a warehouse to retail outlets), and personnel management. In addition, depending on the accepted schemes of work, ordering goods from suppliers can be carried out either centrally or by the points of sale themselves (i.e., decentralized). The same applies to pricing: the pricing of pharmaceuticals can be carried out both directly in pharmacies and at the central office.

In addition, today retailers use a whole range of tools to increase consumer loyalty to boost sales. "One of them is discount programs different type. These include running time-limited promotions; in addition, automated work with doctors and the possibility of booking goods by phone are in demand. The Vidal directory integrated into the system allows you to select a drug by disease, ATC and pharmaceutical groups directly from the program terminal, providing access to drug annotations, information about analogues and their availability in a pharmacy.

However, in addition to tasks similar to those of any retail outlet (or chain of stores), there are many specific business processes in the pharmacy business that require a non-standard approach and other (than in ordinary trade) solution algorithms.

Firstly, pharmacy chains work with a huge assortment and almost all products in the pharmacy have an expiration date. "This imposes specific requirements on the information system, which must have the functionality to account for the expiration dates of several thousand items. Another feature of the product range in a pharmacy is the presence of several types of the same drug: it can be one medicine in various forms of release - spray, gel, ointment, etc., in various dosages, preparations for children, adults, etc. IS should allow you to view and select commodity items, moving through the product catalog, creating subgroups within one product group, and help to carry out an operational search drug in the process of working with the client.

Secondly, pharmacies maintain strict batch records (sometimes records by serial numbers) in accordance with GMP requirements, especially if they have their own production (preparation of medicines to order). "In the latter case, this standard (GMP) provides for the provision of a certain workflow, storage rules, as well as accounting for the composition of the substance in the raw material. It has its own specifics: all incoming batches of substances, drugs undergo mandatory incoming control in pharmacies. All actions related to obtaining , production, distribution, including control, are described by standard procedures.Control is carried out in accordance with the pharmacopoeia, a collection of standards and regulations governing the quality of medicines (drugs).A unique number is assigned to each batch in order to be able to on the finished drug collect a dossier of the series, which indicates the place and date of purchase of all components (substances, excipients) that are included in the finished product according to the specification, as well as the test results of these components, production conditions and the course of the technological process (how much, at what temperature the mixture was kept, what kind reactions occurred, etc.). In addition, there is such a thing as a specification. This is a list of substances included in the finished product. Usually, it indicates what moisture content and / or what concentration of the active substance in the substance should have the components from which the drug is prepared, and therefore, the information system must have the functionality to work taking into account the mass, humidity, content of the active substance.

With regard to finished products, the importance of batch accounting is also not in doubt, since situations may arise when it is necessary to withdraw an entire batch of defective goods. The manufacturer needs to know where it sold - for what outlets through which distributors. IS should make it possible to trace the path of the defective goods almost to the purchase receipt.

Experts also name a number of functions that are mandatory for the pharmacy information system: product pricing in accordance with the rules of regulated pricing for certain groups of drugs, serial registration of drugs and tracking of rejected batches, the availability of the function of dispensing on preferential and free prescriptions and personalized accounting for the release of this type of drug to patients who are eligible for benefits; counterfeit tracking, control over the mandatory assortment, special accounting for a number of drug groups - potent drugs, groups A and B, etc. Organization help desk with the function of providing information about the availability of goods in any subdivision of the pharmacy network in real time, the interaction of an automated pharmacy management system with external reference systems, work with bank cards; the possibility of using gift certificates, promotions, trading "by samples".

To ensure all these requests, ISs with the appropriate functionality are needed.

.2 What IP does a pharmacy need

automation assortment pharmacy medicine

The basic software package for a pharmacy should provide electronic interaction with suppliers (from ordering to receipt of invoices), batch accounting, control of expiration dates and rejected batches of medicines, the ability to return goods to a supplier (for example, in cases when a medicine in a pharmacy runs out of expiration date or any defects are found) and the return of goods from the consumer (if, say, it is found that this batch is counterfeit) re-evaluation of goods, inter-pharmacy transfer of goods for chains and pharmacies with remote kiosks, retail sales (cash module), inventory, uploading data to the accounting system and providing operational reporting.

An average pharmacy today includes the following equipment: two or three automated trading places based on a fiscal registrar (a computer, a fiscal registrar itself, a barcode scanner, a customer display, a cash drawer), one computer of a materially responsible person, one computer as a database server.

Open display pharmacies may also use security systems (particularly anti-theft devices) and video surveillance. In large retail chains, there is already a practice of integrating such systems with IS (for example, with cash systems - to prevent or suppress abuses by staff and customers), but in the pharmacy business, even in large chains, this is still of little demand due to the secondary nature of such a task in relation to to automate core business processes.

The access control system (ACS) can be used to record visits to a warehouse with medicines. "This is due to the fact that pharmacies work with narcotic drugs, and in order to prevent abuse with these products, ACS is very effective. Their integration with the back office allows you to create a single information space and monitor warehouse attendance in real time. In case of any violations the system helps to easily identify the culprit. In addition, it makes it possible to severely restrict access to the information stored here. In this way, the top manager of the company gets a complete picture of the security system throughout the network and can monitor the occurrence of emergency situations in time and take measures to resolve them" .

The key criteria for choosing an IP are:

The cost of the basic package and technical support services (which is especially critical for non-network pharmacies);

Possibility of timely improvements of the system to new market requirements and wishes of the customer (user);

Low hardware requirements (server, workplace director, cashier's workplace) - this allows you to avoid additional costs for the purchase of new equipment and use existing computers;

· system support for a wide range of peripherals (fiscal registrars, barcode scanners, customer displays, thermal barcode printers, etc.);

Availability and affordable price of additional modules to increase the functionality of the basic set (especially important for dynamically developing pharmacies);

· for the DBMS used, the cost of the DBMS itself and additional licenses for the workplace, the qualifications of IT personnel for administration are important;

· ability to interact with the most common accounting programs.

For pharmacy chains, especially large and dynamically developing ones, the hierarchy of key criteria will be somewhat different than for individual pharmacies. So, here the high requirements for the DBMS used in the office for data consolidation, as well as for the office hardware (server, manager's workplace) will come first. For large pharmacy chains, we recommend equipment that guarantees fault tolerance and uninterrupted operation, since failures in office equipment can have a negative impact on the entire pharmacy network.

It is very important that the IS has the ability to quickly consolidate data, to quickly exchange information about the availability of goods in real time, both between several pharmacies of the same network, and between pharmacies of the network and the central office. Main office receives reports from pharmacies on the sale of goods and, on their basis, carries out procurement planning. The scalability of IS is also extremely important, especially at the present stage, when pharmacy chains are growing rapidly. If a company is growing by more than 30% per year, this means that the system should easily cope with an increase in the number of users.

A large number of peripheral equipment supported by the system is of particular relevance for interregional pharmacy chains. Today, we should not forget about acquiring systems: ensuring work with credit cards has become a common practice, and moving away from a separate EFT-terminal to a built-in one reduces the customer service time and, most importantly, eliminates errors caused by additional manual information entry.

For network pharmacies, such a criterion as the cost of software development for individual orders is also important: as a rule, large pharmacy chains develop their own know-how over time, following marketing trends in their regions, and provide requests for software development taking into account local specifics.

In other words, it is necessary to pay attention to the following: the client ultimately buys not a program, but a technology in which not only the functionality of the IS is significant, but also the implementation time, the cost of the project and the total cost of ownership of the product (TCO, including the cost of adaptation and accompaniments).

.3 Trends and outlook

As already mentioned, one of the most serious trends today is the intensive development of pharmacy chains and the decrease in the number of independent pharmacies. It is clear that not only the full development, but the very existence of a trading network is now impossible without the use of appropriate IT. That is why the most demanded will be solutions that allow centralized, but at the same time flexible management of the assortment, marketing programs, pricing policy within the pharmacy network. At the same time, high requirements for the reliability of software operation in pharmacies must be observed so that the costs associated with its operation do not increase. The advantage will be given to companies that offer solutions not for a pharmacy as such, but for a network of pharmacies and use highly reliable DBMS as a platform.

One of the new directions in this market is the creation of companies that outsource the management of pharmacy inventory, pricing policy, and marketing programs. At the same time, pharmacies retain legal and financial independence and receive the advantages that pharmacy chains have in terms of price levels (when purchasing goods from suppliers) and the use of highly qualified (and, therefore, highly paid) managers.

An interesting trend in the pharmaceutical market is the birth of new trade formats: for example, today not just pharmacies are relevant, where only medicines are sold, but the so-called "health stores", where you can buy beauty products, get advice from an ophthalmologist who can work here, etc. To ensure the operation of such complex shopping centers, we need ICs with an extended range of capabilities.

However, independent pharmacies do not want to give up their positions, striving to optimize their work, to ensure transparency in accounting for product circulation and financial resources with the help of IT. After all, small pharmacies often need to automate the receipt of goods, print invoices and price tags, and maintain the necessary primary documentation. For independent pharmacies (however, for many chains) important criteria are the ease of use of the system, ease of training staff to work with the software, as well as the cost and quality of service.

The current state of pharmacy retail automation is in many ways reminiscent of the situation with the introduction of IT in retail chains a few years ago, when an integrated approach to automation was just emerging here, not all types of information systems were in demand, there were no special requirements for system integration. By the way, the fact that in conversations with experts we failed to obtain estimates of the total volume of this market segment speaks of the initial stage of its development. "At this stage of automation of pharmacies, an integrated approach mainly consists in the introduction of an accounting and accounting system. Just reducing the duplication of input frees up to 50% of the time of staff, usually highly qualified and receiving considerable remuneration for their work. In addition, providing access to data for the entire history of the operation of the pharmacy enterprise makes it possible to use specialized demand forecasting systems.

Today, in the sector of traditional (non-pharmaceutical) retail, analytical systems and packages for planning and forecasting are already used by the most advanced market participants, and the day is not far off when they will become an integral part of every self-respecting retail chain. Therefore, the fact that participants in the pharmaceutical market are already thinking about such systems clearly indicates that it is actively gaining momentum. And it is quite possible that the pace of its development will be higher than that of ordinary (non-pharmaceutical) retail in its time; Based on the experience of the latter (in combination with the already significant capital that has come here), the pharmacy retail segment can make a very significant breakthrough in the near future.

2. Analytical part

.1 Characteristics of the automation object

The object of the study is Solnechnaya Pharmacy LLP for the sale of medicines.

Solnechnaya Pharmacy LLP was established in 2001. In 2005, 2 pharmacies were opened, in 2007 2 more, at the moment Solnechnaya Pharmacy LLP has 9 branches.

In our country, as well as in many other countries, pharmacy chains began to take the first place in the pharmacy business. This can be explained by the following factors.

First, network pharmacies purchase much larger quantities of drugs than individual pharmacies, and therefore receive much larger discounts on purchase prices, they can be granted a deferred payment, or they can even afford to buy directly from the manufacturer.

Secondly, pharmacy chains have a centralized management apparatus, which significantly reduces marketing research costs, accounting and financing costs, and reduces storage costs.

Thirdly, a network of pharmacies can afford to make high-quality advertising to attract customers. It can hold various promotions, provide discounts to certain segments of the population, issue discount and accumulation cards.

In addition, as a rule, in such pharmacies we can find a very large assortment of not only medicines, but also various related products - cosmetics, personal hygiene items, baby food and various products for children, their mothers and pregnant women. This is a real family pharmacy where you can buy products for the health of all family members. All this makes it possible to attract wide sections of the population to the pharmacy, since almost any person, having gone there, will be able to buy everything necessary for the whole family.

An important point is the availability of qualified personnel in the pharmacy, and especially a doctor, from whom you can get advice about a particular disease. Naturally, it is best to go to a doctor in a clinic, but there are times when this is simply not possible, and then a consultant doctor in a pharmacy, just a doctor, and not just a pharmacist, is just a godsend! In the same emergency cases, round-the-clock pharmacies are indispensable. Any network of pharmacies has round-the-clock pharmacies, and they must be located in different parts of the city, one of which must be in the center.

These are the most important factors, due to which single pharmacies have practically disappeared in our cities, but there are many pharmacies, pharmacy kiosks or round-the-clock pharmacies owned by one company.

In the external system, Solnechnaya Pharmacy LLP acts as an intermediary between manufacturers of goods and customers for these products. This can be clearly seen from Figure 1.

Figure 1. Scheme of the external environment of the company

Solnechnaya Pharmacy LLP conducts wholesale and retail trade. Satisfying the needs of retailers, the wholesale trade enterprise receives income from the trade allowance for the goods sold.

Products come from wholesalers and are sold directly to consumers who need this type of goods.

Acceptance of goods in terms of quantity and quality is carried out in accordance with the instructions adopted by the organization.

Acceptance of goods by quantity is a reconciliation of the mass, number of places, units of actually received goods with indicators of accompanying documents.

Acceptance of goods by quality is the identification of the quality and completeness of the goods, the compliance of containers, packaging, labeling with established requirements, as well as accompanying documents.

After acceptance of the goods, the required quantity enters the trading floor, and the rest is moved to the warehouse. When organizing the storage of goods, the main attention should be paid to combating product losses. The rational organization of storage involves the creation of conditions for the storage of goods in accordance with their physical and chemical properties, the optimal placement of goods in storage places, taking into account the time of their receipt and the order of sale, the frequency of demand, and the efficient use of storage space.

Let us describe the organizational structure of enterprise management.

At the head of the company is a director who mainly decides management issues, as well as issues of a strategic nature. He oversees the activities of all departments. Also in his competence are the issues of the movement of financial flows. The Director is appointed by the Founder The Financial Director analyzes, forecasts and accordingly develops the company's development strategy in the field of finance. He leads financial department: responsible in accordance with job description. Purchasing of goods is carried out by the supply department. Its functions also include the search for new suppliers with more favorable delivery terms. This department deals with the procurement of the entire range. The purchase is made on the basis of customer orders and stock balances.

The accounting department includes three subdivisions: it is the chief accountant, statement, payments and cash desk.

The chief accountant maintains accounting records, makes a balance sheet, various cross-reconciliations, considers all taxes and resolves issues that arise in departments under his subordination.

In the process of studying the existing system for processing economic information at the enterprise LLP Apteka Solnechnaya, shortcomings were identified.

Consider organizational shortcomings:

The organization uses a personal computer to a minimum.

Irrational use of information technology tools.

Insufficient qualification of employees.

Among the technical shortcomings, it should be noted the lack of a unified information system that provides centralized data storage, end-to-end accounting of the sale of goods and automated preparation of all necessary printed documents.

An important requirement for pharmacy software is the ability to quickly master the entire accounting complex, both by the owner of the pharmacy and by the staff. Most pharmacies use a simplified scheme and work on a single tax. At the same time, the entrepreneur often takes an active part in accounting. As a rule, he does not have time to master the basics of accounting. The program must "communicate" in a language understandable to the entrepreneur. This greatly simplifies the development of the system and its subsequent operation.

3. Design part

.1 Statement of the problem

Create a software application "Accounting for medicines" that organizes operations with medicines (registration, sale, accounting, etc.), monthly profit.

The application must provide reports that include calculations of the most popular drugs and the most popular indications for the month.

Let us describe the fundamentals of the functioning of the object in question, that is, the Pharmacist's Handbook, using the BP Win program.

At the zero level, the input data are: drug information, supplier information, order.

Indirectly, this enterprise is influenced by laws, the charter of the enterprise and demand. Employees and equipment are also very important for the operation of the enterprise, so they also indirectly affect it.

The output data is: income, reports and response to the order.

Figure 2 - Functional diagram 0 level

As a result, it is possible to develop the logical structure of the database using the ERWin program.

Database structure.

Rice. 3. Logical structure of the database

Table 2 - Physical structure of the database

3.2 Software

The software product "Accounting for medicines" was developed on Microsoft Access 2003 and Borland Delphi 7.

Access 2003 is included with Microsoft Office 2003 and works like other components on Windows 2000 and above.

The practical minimum required by Access 2003 for a personal computer is a Pentium 2 and 64 MB when running under Windows 2000. With a standard installation of a set of applications: Word, Excel, Outlook, Power Point, Access, FrontPage, approximately 250 MB of hard disk space is required. SVGA monitor recommended, VGA possible.

Microsoft Access is a functionally complete relational DBMS. It provides all the necessary tools for defining and processing data, as well as for managing them when working with large amounts of information. When it comes to ease of use, Microsoft Access has made a real revolution here, and many people turn to it to create their own databases and applications.

Microsoft Access gives you maximum freedom in specifying the type of your data (text, numbers, dates, times, money, pictures, sounds, documents, spreadsheets). You can also set storage formats (string length, precision of representation of numbers and date-time) and presentation of this data when displayed on the screen or printed. To make sure that only correct values are stored in the database, you can set conditions on values of varying degrees of complexity.

In Access, you can use macros or Access Basic to dynamically exchange data with other applications. OLE allows you to link to objects in another application or embed objects in an Access database. These objects can be pictures, charts, spreadsheets, or documents from other OLE-enabled Windows applications.

Microsoft Access can work with a wide variety of data formats, including file structures of other DBMSs. The DBMS allows you to work with data using various methods. For example, you can search for information in a single table or create a complex search query across multiple related tables or files. With a single command, you can update the content of a single field or multiple records. To read and correct data, you can create procedures that use DBMS functions. Many systems have advanced data entry and reporting capabilities.

Microsoft Access uses the powerful SQL (Structured Query Language) to process the data in your tables. Using, you can extract from one or more tables the information necessary to solve a specific problem. Access greatly simplifies the task of data processing.

Borland Delphi 7 visual programming environment was chosen for writing the program.

The syntax of Borland Delphi 7 is based on the Object Pascal programming language. Borland Delphi 7 fully supports OOP (object-oriented programming), which greatly expands the possibilities of the environment.

Another important advantage of the chosen Borland Delphi 7 environment is that Borland Delphi 7 is considered to be one of the simplest programming environments all over the world, and, unlike all widespread programming environments, it is strongly typed, which makes it possible to reduce the number of errors to almost zero. (with the exception of logical algorithm errors). Delphi 7 provides a wide range of database management tools that even have different structure and support technologies.

To develop a database in this program, the choice fell on ADO technology, Microsoft Corporation, for its wide capabilities and ease of use.

In accordance with the structural diagram given above in the paragraph "Structural diagram", in the presented program, program modules were developed on Borland Delphi 7. As well as queries in the Microsoft Access 2003 language.

During the execution of the program, the following messages may appear on the screen:

"Error reading database" message.

The error occurs when the database file cannot be read.

In this case, the operator must:

Check for file "task.mdb" The file may not exist or is located in a different folder than the program.

The error may have been caused by a media problem.

"Date Mismatch" message.

An error occurs when generating a report due to incorrectly entered dates.

In this case, the operator must:

Check if the dates are spelled correctly.

Main form

Figure 4 - Main form

Work description:

Reflection of basic information from the database tables Medicines and Warehouse.

Line Find: searches for a drug by initial letters in its name.

Figure 5 - Selection of data by condition

The Suppliers row: searches for a supplier by its code in the Suppliers table, reflecting the name of the drug, its quantity in stock and the date of delivery, and displays the result in a separate form "Search result".

Figure 6 - Search result

Section Order:

Name - choice of medicine

Date - specifying the date

Price - indication of the price of the medicine

Amount - count total amount order

By pressing the OK button, the drug is sold with the information entered in the Order table with its reflection in the Sales Report form.

Menu Edit:

Figure 7 - Menu Edit

Add record - calls the Add / edit medicine form with the added data entered into the Medicines and Warehouse tables.

Figure 8 - Form Add / edit drug

Edit record - calls the Add / Edit drug form with updating the corrected data in the Drugs and Warehouse tables.

Figure 9 - Form Add / edit drug

Menu Reports

Figure 10 - Reports menu

Calls the Sales Report form.

Figure 11 - Sales Report Form

Menu Suppliers

Figure 12 - Suppliers menu

Calls the Suppliers form.

Figure 13 - Suppliers form

Add button - calls the Add / edit supplier form with adding the added data to the Suppliers table.

Figure 14 - Form Add / edit supplier

Edit button - calls the Add / Edit Supplier form with updating the corrected data in the Suppliers table.

Figure 15 - Form Add / edit supplier

The Delete button - removes the current record from the Suppliers table.

Exit button - closes this form.

Menu References

Figure 16 - Reference menu

Calls the forms City and Types of medicines.

Figure 17 - Shape of the City

Figure 18 - Medicine Type Form

Menu Sort

Figure 19 - Sort menu

Sorts medicines by name or price in the Medicines table.

Menu Exit

Figure 20 - Menu Exit

4. Economic part

.1 Selection and justification of the methodology for calculating economic efficiency

The cost estimate includes the following items:

basic salary of information system developers;

additional salary of information system developers;

social security contributions;

calculation of the cost of depreciation of computers;

the cost of electricity used in the development of the information system;

overheads.

Let's take a closer look at each of these cost items.

Remuneration is a set of funds paid to employees in cash and in kind both for hours worked, work performed, and in the manner prescribed by law for hours not worked. The accrual of basic wages is made depending on the forms of remuneration adopted at the enterprise. With time wages, the basic wage is accrued to employees for the time actually worked, and with piecework for the work actually performed.

The time-based form of remuneration is used in calculating the wages of workers, employees, specialists and managers. With this form of remuneration, wages are calculated based on the monthly official salary for the hours worked. Overtime pay must be taken into account. The surcharge is charged in excess of time earnings at the rate of 20% of the tariff rate of a time worker.

Thus, we will consider those cost components that will be affected by the modernization of the information system. As a result of the reduction of working hours, the wages of the employees of the enterprise will not change, because. they are given a fixed salary, not an hourly rate. Moreover, overtime work is not paid with the corresponding indexation (3 times), for overtime hours, employees can be awarded personal bonuses or can take time off. Therefore, there will be no direct reduction in costs from increasing the efficiency of work. But the general wage fund will be reduced as a result of the reduction of positions, mainly the positions of supervisors and recheckers. It is expected that the same amount of work in the new system will be able to perform 1.5 times fewer workers than in the existing traditional system.

The cost of the main wages(3 main) with a time-based form of remuneration are calculated according to the formula (1):

W main =About month. *T slave * K d / D r.month. , (one)

where: About month. - monthly salary of the seller;

D r.m. - the average number of working days in a month;

T slave - actual hours worked

K d - coefficient taking into account additional payments to the basic salary

A certain amount of stationery - paper, writing utensils and others - is approximately calculated per year for the work of Solnechnaya Apteka LLP for the amount of Sk1, which amounted to 100,000 tenge per year. in a central server will reduce these costs by 70-80%.Final output of data on paper is required only for those reports that are used by management as official documents.

That. the reduction in the cost of consumables is determined from the expression:

DZ r.m. = 0.7 * S k 1; (2)

where S k 1 - the amount of annual expenses for stationery;

DZ r.m. = 0.7 * S k 1 = 70,000 tenge.

The work rate per month is 146 hours. In reality, some workers work overtime, which leads to energy overruns. A desktop computer that performs the functions of a tax inspector's workplace consumes on average N pc = 350 W.

The cost of electricity per year will be:

where T is the number of hours worked by users overtime per year

T = 1321 hours in about a year.

E year \u003d 350 * 1321 \u003d 462350 W.

If the financiers manage to do their work during working hours, then the cost reduction as a result of saving e / energy will be:

DZ ee \u003d E year * C square, (4)

where Tsq is the price of one kWh of e / energy. C sq = 3 tenge;

DZ ee \u003d 462350 * 1.50 * 10-3 \u003d 1400 tenge;

In total, we have the material advantages of introducing new system financial accounting for the amount of cost reduction during the year:

DI S \u003d DZ s / n + DZ r.m. + DZ ee (5)

DI S = 1,200,000 + 266,000 + 1400 = 1,467,400 tenge

.2 Calculation of indicators of economic efficiency of the project

To build the system, we use an existing LAN. It consists of:

Windows Server network file server;

Computers based on Pentium 4;

· cable system based on a thin coaxial cable;

active cable equipment.

By technical specifications the network is suitable for creating a client/server system based on it financial accounting. This requires additional components:

a database server;

· database server software;

software for client computers;

The price of a database server based on Pentium IV will be:

C sbd = 200 000 tenge

Intel EtherExpress Pro Network Card for D-Link 10-100 DB Server

Csk = 1500 tenge

Network OS Windows NT 4.0

C os = 60 000 tenge

Software server for 10 simultaneous connections:

C ps = 140,000 tenge

It is planned to use a group of 3 specialists to implement the new system.

The system development time is defined as:

T p = 1000 hours, or 6 months.

That. developer labor costs will be:

Z prog \u003d Z salary * 18 \u003d 60,000 * 18 \u003d 360,000 tenge;

Delphi 7.0 package has market value

C Delphi = 250 000 tenge

The total one-time investment will be:

K = C sbd + C sk + C os + C ps + C prog + C Delphi , (6)

K = 200,000 + 18,500 + 175,000 + 140,000 + 360,000 + 250,000 = 1,143,500 tenge.

The annual efficiency of the system creation is determined from the expression:

E g \u003d D3 / (E n + K p), (7)

where DZ - change in the amount of costs for the creation and maintenance of the information system is determined from the expression:

DЗ = DИ S - К(Е н + К р), (8)

where DI S is the absolute change in the costs of the department;

E n - the standard for the efficiency of capital investments, for computer equipment and software is taken equal to 0.15;

K p - renovation coefficient, taken as a depreciation rate, taking into account the service life of existing equipment (system service life T sl - 3 years) and is determined by the formula:

K p \u003d E n / ((1 + E n) T sl - 1), (9)

Kp = 0.15 / ((1 + 0.15)3 - 1) = 0.29;

Then the change in cost will be:

DЗ = 1 466 700 - 1 143 500*(0.15+0.29) = 963 560 tenge,

Thus, the annual efficiency is planned in the amount

Eg = 963 560 / (0.15+0.29) = 2 189 909 tenge.

Now we can determine the payback period Current of creating a new system from the expression:

T ok \u003d K / E g, (10)

Current = 1,143,500 / 2,189,909 = 0.52 years.

Moreover, this payback period takes into account only the material advantages of creating a new system.

Thus, I have calculated all the costs of creating the system and substantiated all the advantages of its implementation.

Conclusion

As a result of the work done, an information system (IS) was developed for the Solnechnaya pharmacy chain. The system was developed in accordance with the requirements of the customer, taking into account the peculiarities of this subject area.

The information system was created in the Borland Delphi 7.0 visual application development tool environment As a result, an accounting information system was developed commercial enterprise. The information system supports all operations related to accounting, processing and provision of the necessary data. This system provides input, deletion, storage and editing of information contained in data tables.

These features allow you to maintain reporting documentation, generate work results, store data on medicines and their prices, suppliers, etc.

The application is easy to use even for an inexperienced user. It is colorfully designed (pictures, icons, etc. are added) to make it pleasant and fun for the user to work in this program.

This project can be more detailed and carefully developed in the future, which will bring considerable profit to its developer.

The Delphi system allows you to solve many problems, in particular:

1. Create complete applications for Windows of various kinds: from purely computational and logical to graphic and multimedia.

2. Quickly create (even for novice programmers) a professional-looking window interface for any application.

Create powerful systems for working with local and remote databases

4. Create help systems (.hlp files) for your applications and more. others

Delphi is a combination of several essential technologies:

1. High performance compiler to machine code

2. Object-oriented component model

Visual (and, therefore, high-speed) building applications from software prototypes

4. Scalable tools for building databases.

The purpose of the course work was to study the DELPHI programming language and develop practical tasks.

When doing coursework:

1. the theory and technology of working with the Borland Delphi7 programming environment was studied;

2. the relevant literature was studied and analyzed;

3. a comparative analysis of the languages of this class was carried out and the advantages and disadvantages of the Delphi language were shown;

4. Elements of methodical work were given in the form of developing options for tasks (from applied areas) for high school students studying Delphi in computer science lessons.

The information system significantly reduces the time spent on compiling current documentation and final reports, eliminates the possibility of errors in calculations, can be used on various scales, i.e. can work with a huge amount of data, does not require reprogramming when changing equipment models, characteristics, prices, etc.

Thus, the assignment for the course project was completed in full. The developed information system fully satisfied the requirements of the customer and is at the implementation stage.

List of used literature

1. Shumakov P.V. "Delphi 7 and database application development." - M.: "Knowledge", 2007;

2. http://www.licinfo.com.ua/ru/biznes-plan-seti-aptek.html

http://www.aip.ru/list_articles/preimushestva_.html.

4. http://www.nedug.ru/news/popular_about_health/2000/5/22/Future-for-pharmacy-chains#.VI3aiFVwt6Q.

5. Omarova Sh.E., Drozd V.G., Kosova E.G. -Tutorial "Database Design".

6. Pestrikov, V.M. Delphi by examples / V.M. Pestrikov, A.N. Masloboev. - St. Petersburg. : BHV-Petersburg, 2005. - 496 p.

7. Steven, R. Delphi. Ready-made algorithms / Rod Stevens; Per. from English. Mereshchuk P.A. - 2nd ed., erased. - M.: DMK Press; SPb. : Peter, 2004. - 384 p.

8. www.wikipedia.com

9. Sapkov V.V. Information technology and computerization of office work: tutorial. Kyiv: ACADEMIA, 2009.

10. Ten T.L., Mukanova Zh.A. Software IS / study guide. - Karaganda: KEUK, 2010

11. Ten T.L., Mukanova Zh.A. Software IS / uch.-prakt.posobe for DO. - Karaganda: KEUK, 2009

Labor V.V. Sea Sharp: Creating applications for Windows / V.V. Laboratory. - Minsk: Harvest, 2003

13. http://business-up.ucoz.ru/publ/2-1-0-10

14. Timoshonok, T. Microsoft Access 2003. Quick guide /T. Timosh-nok. − M: Williams, 2005. - 320s.

15. MS Access tutorial. [Electronic resource]. - Access mode: http://www.taurion.ru/access.

16. http://business.gov.kz/ru/aspiring-entrepreneurs/business-ideas/detail.php?ID=60897

17. Koglovsky M.R. - Technology of databases on personal computers. - M.: Finance and statistics, 2008.

18. Informatics / Ed. N.V. Makarova. M.: Finance and statistics, 2010.

19. Orlov S.A. Software Development Technology: Textbook. - St. Petersburg: Peter, 2008 ..

20. http://www.1001statya.ru/

21. http://forum.triz-ri.ru/forum/mess.asp?thr=19407

22. Strange K. Magic Quadrant for Data Warehouse DBMSs// Gartner Research Note M-22-2154. 2011

Annex A

unit Unit1; interface uses Windows, Messages, SysUtils, Variants, Classes, Graphics, Controls, Forms, Dialogs, Grids, DBGrids, Menus, ImgList, StdCtrls, DBCtrls, Mask, Buttons; type TForm1 = class(TForm) DBGrid1: TDBGrid; MainMenu1: TMainMenu; ImageList1: TImageList; N1: TMenuItem; N2: TMenuItem; N3: TMenuItem; N5: TMenuItem; N6: TMenuItem; N7: TMenuItem; N8: TMenuItem; N9: TMenuItem; N10: TMenuItem; N11: TMenuItem; N12: TMenuItem; N13: TMenuItem; N14: TMenuItem; N4: TMenuItem; DBGrid2: TDBGrid; Edit1: TEdit; Label1: T Label; N15: TMenuItem; N16: TMenuItem; N17: TMenuItem; GroupBox1: TGroupBox; N18: TMenuItem; Label2: T Label; Label3: T Label; DBEdit2: TDBEdit; Label4: T Label; DBEdit3: TDBEdit; Label5: T Label; DBEdit4: TDBEdit; Label6: T Label; DBEdit5: TDBEdit; DBLookupComboBox1: TDBLookupComboBox; BitBtn1: TBitBtn; BitBtn2: TBitBtn; Label7: T Label; Edit2: TEdit; BitBtn3: TBitBtn; Label8: T Label; DBEdit1: TDBEdit; Label9: T Label; DBEdit6: TDBEdit; Label10: T Label; procedure FormClose(Sender: TObject; var Action: TCloseAction); procedure N4Click(Sender: TObject); procedure N5Click(Sender: TObject); procedure N8Click(Sender: TObject); procedure N9Click(Sender: TObject); procedure Edit1Change(Sender: TObject); procedure N7Click(Sender: TObject); procedure N13Click(Sender: TObject); procedure N14Click(Sender: TObject); procedure N11Click(Sender: TObject); procedure N16Click(Sender: TObject); procedure N18Click(Sender: TObject); procedure BitBtn1Click(Sender: TObject); procedure BitBtn2Click(Sender: TObject); procedure BitBtn3Click(Sender: TObject); procedure DBLookupComboBox1Click(Sender: TObject); private ( Private declarations ) public ( Public declarations ) end; var Form1: TForm1; implementation uses Unit2, Unit3, Unit4, Unit5, Unit6, Unit7, Unit8, Unit9, Unit10; ($R *.dfm) procedure TForm1.FormClose(Sender: TObject; var Action: TCloseAction); begin if DataModule2.ADOTable1.Modified then DataModule2.ADOTable1.Post; if DataModule2.ADOTable2.Modified then DataModule2.ADOTable2.Post; end; procedure TForm1.N4Click(Sender: TObject); begin DataModule2.ADOTable1.Insert; DataModule2.ADOTable2.Insert; Form3.ShowModal; end; procedure TForm1.N5Click(Sender: TObject); begin Form3.ShowModal; end; procedure TForm1.N8Click(Sender: TObject); begin DataModule2.ADOTable1.IndexFieldNames:="Name"; end; procedure TForm1.N9Click(Sender: TObject); begin DataModule2.ADOTable1.IndexFieldNames:="Price"; end; procedure TForm1. Edit1Change(Sender: TObject); begin if Length(Edit1.Text)>0 then DataModule2.ADOTable1.Filtered:=true else DataModule2.ADOTable1.Filtered:=false; DataModule2.ADOTable1.Filter:="Name>"""+Edit1.Text+""""; end; procedure TForm1.N7Click(Sender: TObject); begin Form4.Show; end; procedure TForm1.N13Click(Sender: TObject); begin Form6.Show; end; procedure TForm1.N14Click(Sender: TObject); begin Form7.Show; end; procedure TForm1.N11Click(Sender: TObject); begin Form1.Close; end; procedure TForm1.N16Click(Sender: TObject); begin Form8.Show; end; procedure TForm1.N18Click(Sender: TObject); begin Form9.Show; end; procedure TForm1.BitBtn1Click(Sender: TObject); begin DataModule2.ADOTable6.Post; DataModule2.ADOQuery2.Active:=false; DataModule2.ADOQuery2.SQL.Clear; DataModule2.ADOQuery2.SQL.Add("UPDATE Warehouse"); DataModule2.ADOQuery2.SQL.Add("SET Warehouse.[Quantity in stock]=Warehouse.[Quantity in stock]-"""+DBEdit4.Text+""""); DataModule2.ADOQuery2.SQL.Add("WHERE Warehouse.[Code] LIKE """+DBEdit1.Text+""""); DataModule2.ADOQuery2.ExecSQL; DataModule2.ADOTable2.Refresh; DataModule2.ADOTable6.Refresh; end; procedure TForm1.BitBtn2Click(Sender: TObject); begin DataModule2.ADOTable6.Insert; end; procedure TForm1.BitBtn3Click(Sender: TObject); begin DataModule2.ADOQuery1.Active:=false; DataModule2.ADOQuery1.SQL.Clear; DataModule2.ADOQuery1.SQL.Add("Select Suppliers.[Vendor ID], Drugs.[Name], Warehouse.[Quantity in stock], Warehouse.[Delivery date]"); DataModule2.ADOQuery1.SQL.Add("FROM Suppliers INNER JOIN (Warehouse INNER JOIN Drugs ON Warehouse.[Key]=Drugs.[Key]) ON Suppliers.[Vendor ID]=Warehouse.[Vendor ID]"); DataModule2.ADOQuery1.SQL.Add("WHERE Suppliers.[Vendor ID] LIKE """+Edit2.Text+""""); DataModule2.ADOQuery1.Active:=true; Form10.ShowModal; end; procedure TForm1.DBLookupComboBox1Click(Sender: TObject); begin DataModule2.ADOQuery3.Active:=false; DataModule2.ADOQuery3.SQL.Clear; DataModule2.ADOQuery3.SQL.Add("Select Medicines.[Key], Medicines.[Price]"); DataModule2.ADOQuery3.SQL.Add("FROM Medicines"); DataModule2.ADOQuery3.SQL.Add("WHERE Drugs.[Key] LIKE """+DBEdit6.Text+""""); DataModule2.ADOQuery3.Open; DBEdit3.Text:=DataModule2.ADOQuery3.FieldValues["Price"]; DataModule2.ADOQuery3.Active:=True; DataModule2.ADOTable6.Refresh; end; end. unit Unit2; interface uses SysUtils, Classes, DB, ADODB; type TDataModule2 = class(TDataModule) ADOConnection1: TADOConnection; ADOTable1: TADOTable; DataSource1:TDataSource; ADOTable2: TADOTable; DataSource2: TDataSource; ADOTable1DSDesigner: TAutoIncField; ADOTable1DSDesigner3: TWideStringField; ADOTable1DSDesigner5: TDateTimeField; ADOTable1DSDesigner6: TBCDField; ADOTable2DSDesigner: TAutoIncField; ADOTable2DSDesigner2: TDateTimeField; ADOTable2DSDesigner3: TWideStringField; ADOTable2DSDesigner4: TWideStringField; ADOTable3: TADOTable; ADOTable4: TADOTable; ADOTable5: TADOTable; DataSource3:TDataSource; DataSource4: TDataSource; DataSource5:TDataSource; ADOTable1DSDesigner2: TWideStringField; ADOTable2DSDesigner6: TIntegerField; ADOTable3DSDesigner: TWideStringField; ADOTable3DSDesigner2: TWideStringField; ADOTable3DSDesigner3: TWideStringField; ADOTable3DSDesigner4: TWideStringField; ADOTable3DSDesigner5: TWideStringField; ADOTable4DSDesigner: TAutoIncField; ADOTable4DSDesigner2: TWideStringField; ADOTable5DSDesigner: TAutoIncField; ADOTable5DSDesigner2: TWideStringField; ADOTable6: TADOTable; DataSource6:TDataSource; ADOTable6DSDesigner: TAutoIncField; ADOTable6DSDesigner2: TDateTimeField; ADOTable6DSDesigner3: TIntegerField; ADOTable6DSDesigner5: TWideStringField; ADOTable6DSDesigner6: TBCDField; ADOTable6Field: TIntegerField; ADOQuery1: TADOQuery; DataSource7: TDataSource; ADOTable2_: TWideStringField; ADOQuery2: TADOQuery; DataSource8: TDataSource; ADOQuery3: TADOQuery; DataSource9:TDataSource; ADOQuery4: TADOQuery; procedure ADOTable6CalcFields(DataSet: TDataSet); private ( Private declarations ) public ( Public declarations ) end; var DataModule2: TDataModule2; implementation uses Unit9; ($R *.dfm) procedure TDataModule2. ADOTable6CalcFields(DataSet: TDataSet); begin DataModule2.ADOTable6Field.Value:=DataModule2.ADOTable6DSDesigner6.AsInteger*DataModule2.ADOTable6DSDesigner3.AsInteger; end; end. unit Unit3; interface uses Windows, Messages, SysUtils, Variants, Classes, Graphics, Controls, Forms, Dialogs, StdCtrls, Mask, DBCtrls, ComCtrls, Buttons, ExtCtrls; type TForm3 = class(TForm) DBEdit1: TDBEdit; Label1: T Label; Label2: T Label; Label3: T Label; Label4: T Label; DBLookupComboBox1: TDBLookupComboBox; DBEdit2: TDBEdit; BitBtn1: TBitBtn; DBEdit3: TDBEdit; DBEdit4: TDBEdit; DBEdit5: TDBEdit; DBEdit6: TDBEdit; DBEdit7: TDBEdit; Label5: T Label; Label6: T Label; Label7: T Label; Label8: T Label; Label9: T Label; DBLookupComboBox2: TDBLookupComboBox; Image1: TImage; Label10: T Label; procedure BitBtn1Click(Sender: TObject); private ( Private declarations ) public ( Public declarations ) end; var Form3: TForm3; implementation uses Unit2, Unit1; ($R *.dfm) procedure TForm3.BitBtn1Click(Sender: TObject); begin if DataModule2.ADOTable1.Modified then DataModule2.ADOTable1.Post; if DataModule2.ADOTable2.Modified then DataModule2.ADOTable2.Post; close; end; end. unit Unit4; interface uses Windows, Messages, SysUtils, Variants, Classes, Graphics, Controls, Forms, Dialogs, Grids, DBGrids, Menus, StdCtrls; type TForm4 = class(TForm) DBGrid1: TDBGrid; Button1: TButton; Button2: TButton; Button3: TButton; Button4: TButton; procedure FormClose(Sender: TObject; var Action: TCloseAction); procedure Button1Click(Sender: TObject); procedure Button2Click(Sender: TObject); procedure Button3Click(Sender: TObject); procedure Button4Click(Sender: TObject); private ( Private declarations ) public ( Public declarations ) end; var Form4: TForm4; implementation uses Unit2, Unit5, Unit1, Unit3; ($R *.dfm) procedure TForm4.FormClose(Sender: TObject; var Action: TCloseAction); begin if DataModule2.ADOTable3.Modified then DataModule2.ADOTable3.Post; end; procedure TForm4.Button1Click(Sender: TObject); begin DataModule2.ADOTable3.Edit; DataModule2.ADOTable3.Insert; Form5.Show; end; procedure TForm4.Button2Click(Sender: TObject); begin Form5.Show; end; procedure TForm4.Button3Click(Sender: TObject); begin if Application.MessageBox(PChar("Are you sure you want to delete " +DataModule2.ADOTable3DSDesigner.AsString), "Attention!!!", MB_OKCANCEL)=id_OK then DataModule2.ADOTable3.Delete; end; procedure TForm4.Button4Click(Sender: TObject); begin Form4.Close; end; end. unit Unit5; interface uses Windows, Messages, SysUtils, Variants, Classes, Graphics, Controls, Forms, Dialogs, DBCtrls, StdCtrls, Mask; type TForm5 = class(TForm) Label1: TLabel; DBEdit1: TDBEdit; Label2: T Label; DBEdit2: TDBEdit; Label3: T Label; Label4: T Label; DBEdit4: TDBEdit; Label5: T Label; DBLookupComboBox1: TDBLookupComboBox; Button1: TButton; DBComboBox1: TDBComboBox; procedure Button1Click(Sender: TObject); private ( Private declarations ) public ( Public declarations ) end; var Form5: TForm5; implementation uses Unit2, Unit1, Unit4, Unit3; ($R *.dfm) procedure TForm5.Button1Click(Sender: TObject); begin DataModule2.ADOTable3.Post; Form5.Close; end; end. unit Unit6; interface uses Windows, Messages, SysUtils, Variants, Classes, Graphics, Controls, Forms, Dialogs, Grids, DBGrids, StdCtrls, Buttons; type TForm6 = class(TForm) DBGrid1: TDBGrid; Button1: TButton; Button2: TButton; procedure FormClose(Sender: TObject; var Action: TCloseAction); procedure Button1Click(Sender: TObject); procedure Button2Click(Sender: TObject); private ( Private declarations ) public ( Public declarations ) end; var Form6: TForm6; implementation uses Unit1, Unit2; ($R *.dfm) procedure TForm6.FormClose(Sender: TObject; var Action: TCloseAction); begin if DataModule2.ADOTable4.Modified then DataModule2.ADOTable4.Post; end; procedure TForm6.Button1Click(Sender: TObject); begin Form6.Close; end; procedure TForm6.Button2Click(Sender: TObject); begin DataModule2.ADOTable4.Edit; DataModule2.ADOTable4.Insert; end; end. unit Unit7; interface uses Windows, Messages, SysUtils, Variants, Classes, Graphics, Controls, Forms, Dialogs, StdCtrls, Grids, DBGrids; type TForm7 = class(TForm) DBGrid1: TDBGrid; Button1: TButton; Button2: TButton; procedure Button2Click(Sender: TObject); procedure Button1Click(Sender: TObject); private ( Private declarations ) public ( Public declarations ) end; var Form7: TForm7; implementation uses Unit2; ($R *.dfm) procedure TForm7.Button2Click(Sender: TObject); begin Form7.Close; end; procedure TForm7.Button1Click(Sender: TObject); begin DataModule2.ADOTable5.Edit; DataModule2.ADOTable5.Insert; end; end. unit Unit8; interface uses Windows, Messages, SysUtils, Variants, Classes, Graphics, Controls, Forms, Dialogs, StdCtrls, jpeg, ExtCtrls; type TForm8 = class(TForm) Image1: TImage; Label1: T Label; Label2: T Label; Label3: T Label; Label4: T Label; Label5: T Label; Label6: T Label; private ( Private declarations ) public ( Public declarations ) end; var Form8: TForm8; implementation ($R *.dfm) end. unit9; interface uses Windows, Messages, SysUtils, Variants, Classes, Graphics, Controls, Forms, Dialogs, Grids, DBGrids, StdCtrls, Buttons, RpRave, RpDefine, RpCon, RpConDS, DB, ADODB, ComCtrls; type TForm9 = class(TForm) DBGrid1: TDBGrid; BitBtn1: TBitBtn; procedure FormCreate(Sender: TObject); private ( Private declarations ) public ( Public declarations ) end; var Form9: TForm9; implementation uses Unit2, Unit1; ($R *.dfm) procedure TForm9.FormCreate(Sender: TObject); begin if DataModule2.ADOTable6.Modified then DataModule2.ADOTable6.Post; end; end. unit Unit10; interface uses Windows, Messages, SysUtils, Variants, Classes, Graphics, Controls, Forms, Dialogs, Grids, DBGrids; type TForm10 = class(TForm) DBGrid1: TDBGrid; private ( Private declarations ) public ( Public declarations ) end; var Form10: TForm10; implementation uses Unit2; ($R *.dfm) end.

A task information support accounting of medicines (drugs) and medical devices (MD) among other tasks of informatization of the activities of medical institutions occupies a special place. It is the success of its solution that determines not only the correctness of accounting, but also the accuracy of planning the purchase of medicines and medical devices, as well as the rationality of spending financial resources allocated for these purposes. Ideally, this task should be solved in a comprehensive manner within the framework of creating an integrated information system for managing the treatment process and quality in a medical facility. medical care.

Accounting principles for pharmaceutical materials

Pharmacy information systems (AIS) are based on the following principles for accounting for pharmacy materials (medicines and medical devices):

The entire path of the movement of materials up to their write-off (for a specific patient) should be traced both in quantitative and in sum terms.

For purchased materials, AIS should provide full analytics in terms of funding sources, expense items, suppliers and manufacturers, product and pharmacological groups.

For used (released) materials - provide full analytics: by departments and offices; by nosology groups (based on the ICD 10 classifier of diagnoses, medical and economic standards or clinical and statistical groups); by categories of patients (compulsory medical insurance, contractual, employees, pensioners, etc.); for individual patients (invoices).

AIS should provide complete information on all the remains of pharmacy materials: in the central warehouse of the pharmacy, in the first-aid kits of senior, guard and procedural nurses, in other departments and offices.

Based on the accumulated statistical data, the AIS should allow the formation of minimum stock standards for all or part of the product range, as well as purchase requisitions for the planning period (usually a year).

Materials must be controlled for expiration dates. Materials to be written off according to the requirements should be automatically selected from the started batches, and new batches should be selected by expiration dates.

AIS should support the possibility of targeted reservation of materials: in batches (reserve and superreserve), for certain groups of nosologies (for example, only for patients with acute heart failure), for certain categories of patients (for example, those receiving treatment under targeted funding), and even for individual (specific) patients.

AIS should take into account the work of the prescription and production department (including the printing of labels for finished dosage forms) with the possibility of automated write-off of components from the pharmacy warehouse and registration of finished dosage forms.

AIS should track the placement of materials in warehouse storage areas with full analytics on them and printing product (shelf) labels.

It should be provided for the formation of all necessary documents accompanying the movement of pharmacy materials: receipts and expenditure invoices, requirements from departments, applications, inventory lists, detailed and aggregated reports on the movement for an arbitrary period.

AIS should provide physicians with the ability to fulfill medication prescriptions based on information about the availability of medicines in their department and in the central warehouse of the pharmacy, as well as the ability to control the write-off of medicines by nurses for patients.

5.3. Independent work on the topic:

1. Viewing the lecture-presentation "Irkutsk Diagnostic Center" on the distance learning website.

2. Acquaintance with the interface and main features of the MIS qMS.

3. Watching the video "Medical laboratory".

4. Performing independent work "Overview of medical information systems".

End of work -

This topic belongs to:

Collection of guidelines for students for practical exercises for the specialty 060101 - General Medicine (full-time education)

of the Russian Federation.. State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Professional Education KrasSMU named after prof. VF Voyno of the Yasenetsky Ministry of Health of Russia.

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All topics in this section:

For students to practical classes
in the discipline "Medical Informatics" for the specialty 060101 - General Medicine (full-time education)

The Importance of Studying a Topic
The study of these aspects will lay the foundation for further effective study and use of informatics in the modern information society. Developing skills and abilities to use

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In the modern world, the role of informatics, the means of processing, transmitting, and accumulating information has increased immeasurably. The means of informatics and computer technology now largely determine the scientific and technical

The main areas of informatics are as follows
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Computer software
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1. Types of accounting. Accounting meters. Subject and method of accounting. Method elements. Information system "Accounting"

Accounting is an ordered system for collecting, registering and summarizing information about the property, obligations of the organization, the functioning of the external environment for enterprise management. In its essence, accounting is an economic information system, a kind of "business language" that allows you to describe and provide for evaluation and analysis of reliable information about the financial and economic activities and financial position of the enterprise. In addition, accounting provides the necessary information for calculating taxes and fees. Properly set and well-organized accounting at the enterprise is, first of all, support for making economically sound management decisions, as well as reliable protection against financial risks.

There are several accounting functions:

1. quantitative reflection and qualitative characteristics of the actual state and results of economic activity of the control object.

2. control over the state of the control object. The control function of accounting is designed to ensure control over the state of the control object in accordance with a given goal; for the economic feasibility of business operations; for the legal validity of business operations; for the safety of company property.

3. prevention of negative results of economic activities of the organization and identification of intra-economic reserves to ensure its financial stability.

4. providing information to various groups of users associated with certain relationships with the managed object, and their active involvement in the management process.

Accounting meters can be natural, labor, monetary.

Depending on the technology of collecting, registering and summarizing information, accounting is divided into types:

1. operational - limited in time and intermittent, carried out at work sites, data is used for day-to-day monitoring.

2. statistical - studies a phenomenon that is of a mass nature.

3. accounting - continuous, continuous, interconnected reflection of business transactions on the basis of documents.

4. tax accounting - a system for summarizing information to determine the tax base based on primary documents. The concept of “NU” was introduced by the Tax Code of the Russian Federation of 01.25.02.

Operational(operational-technical) accounting is a system of current monitoring and control over individual economic phenomena and processes immediately at the time of their occurrence. A distinctive feature of this type of accounting is the rapid and timely receipt of information necessary for the current operational management. Operational accounting data is obtained from primary documents, transmitted orally, by telephone, telegraph, etc. This may be information about the output per shift, day, about the use of working time and equipment for each day.

Operational accounting indicators are used not only at enterprises, but also in higher organizations.

Operational accounting at enterprises is maintained by employees. It is carried out by employees of departments: planning, supply, marketing, personnel. At the same time, natural and labor meters are more often used to reflect information.

Accounting carried out by a special service of the enterprise - accounting. Accounting in comparison with other types of economic accounting has a number of features:

is continuous and continuous in time, i.e. continuous observation of economic processes and phenomena is carried out;

strictly documented. This means that each transaction should be reflected in accounting only on the basis of documents, which gives it legal evidence;

uses specific techniques and methods for processing accounting data, for example, a system of accounts, double entry of account transactions, balance sheet, costing, etc.;

uses all three types of meters, but the monetary meter plays a particularly important role, since it provides general indicators; organized within the framework of individual economic entities.

Statistical accounting(statistics) serves to reflect mass socio-economic phenomena in order to generalize, study and clarify their patterns.

Statistics uses operational and accounting data for its generalizations, and also organizes independent observations in the form of censuses, statistical reporting, continuous and sample surveys. Based on this information, the development of individual industries, economic regions, National economy generally. Statistical accounting is also conducted at enterprises to obtain primary, summary and generalized data.

Statistical data are regularly published in the press. Statistics uses all three types of meters, depending on the content of the phenomena being studied.

Tax accounting is a system for registering and summarizing information about transactions performed by a taxpayer that result in income or expenses that are taken into account when calculating tax.

System organization tax accounting implies the determination of a set of indicators that directly or indirectly affect the size tax base, criteria for their systematization.

Objects of tax accounting - property, liabilities and business transactions of the organization, the valuation of which determines the size of the tax base or subsequent periods.

Tax accounting units are those objects of tax accounting, information about which is used for more than one reporting (tax) period.

Tax accounting was introduced tax code 25.01.02

Legal framework.

The main objectives of the legislation of the Russian Federation on accounting are:

ensuring uniform accounting of property, liabilities and business transactions carried out by the enterprise;
compiling and presenting comparable and reliable information on the property status of enterprises and their income and expenses.

Documents regulating accounting are included in the regulatory system. This system contains 4 levels.

1. Federal Law, Decrees of the President, PP. For example, 11/21/96 129-FZ “On Accounting” (as amended on 03/11/2006), new edition of this law provides for mandatory certification of accountants, auditing.

2. Regulatory regulation. For example, “Order of the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation dated 30.03.2001 No. 26n “Regulations on Accounting “Accounting for Fixed Assets” (PBU6 / 01) in the latest edition of 11.27.2006 No. 156n.

4. Internal financial documents for accounting of a particular organization. For example, an order for accounting policy organization determines the reception and methods of accounting.

Subject and methods of accounting.

The subject is the financial and economic activity of the organization.

Method - a system of interrelated methods or elements of registration of information about accounting objects;

Maintaining BU through the use of various methods and techniques.

1) Documentation. An accounting document is a material carrier of data on an accounting object, which allows you to legally prove the right and fact of a business transaction. Scroll required details accounting is specified in the Federal Law “On Accounting”.

2) Inventory - a method for checking the compliance of the actual presence of property in kind with the data of the BU. It is carried out in order to ensure the reliability of accounting indicators and the safety of property.

Fixed assets, inventory items, cash, settlements, etc. are subject to inventory.

It is carried out at a certain time, when changing financially responsible persons, at the request of auditors, tax authorities, etc.

3) Grade- the way in which economic assets receive monetary value.

In order to compare the valuation of property and its sources (for reflection in the balance sheet), it must be carried out uniformly at all enterprises, which is achieved by observing the established provisions and rules for valuation.

4) Account system- a method of accounting and control over the movement of property and business transactions. Accounts in relation to the balance are divided into active and passive.

Active reflect operations, as a result of which funds (fixed, cash) change.

Passive ones fix operations, as a result of which sources (suppliers, personnel, profits) change.

5) double entry- a method of registering a business transaction system on accounting accounts. Double entry rule - each business transaction must be written twice: in the Debit of one account and in the Credit of another. Accounts affecting these operations are called corresponding, and the relationship of accounts is called correspondence.

6) Balance sheet. Balance - (from fr. Balance, lat. Bilanx - having two weight bowls) balance, balancing. The balance sheet is a way of reflecting property, capital and liabilities for a certain reporting date. The balance sheet is based on the classification of economic assets. Household funds are divided into two types:

1. By composition and placement - an asset (non-current and current).

2. According to the sources of formation - liabilities (capital and reserves, long-term liabilities, short-term liabilities).

The total balance sheet is designated as the balance sheet currency.

7) Reporting. A system of data on the property and financial position of a pharmacy and the results of its economic activity, compiled on the basis of accounting data for a certain reporting period. The Federal Law of March 28, 2002 establishes the possibility of an electronic signature.

According to the information of Form No. 1 (balance sheet) and Form No. 2 (profit and loss statement), it is possible to make an express analysis of financial statements, indicate the satisfactory structure of the balance sheet, and determine whether the enterprise is in danger of bankruptcy or not.

2. Balance sheet and accounting accounts. Types of changes in the balance sheet. Accounting Procedure

Balance - means scales, balance. That is, the total of the currency of the balance sheet asset is equal to the total of the currency of the balance sheet liability.

Types of balances:

- by the time of compilation;

- by the amount of information;

- according to the cleaning method;

- according to the nature of the activity.

Balance generalization assumes the synthetic nature of information, which makes it possible to reduce indicators, individual information relationships in a single meter into an integral system of generalized data. The basis for building a balance sheet was a dual grouping of accounting objects. There are two types of balance: gross balance and net balance. At present, in accordance with international standards use the net balance.

The statement to the balance sheet reflects the values that do not belong to the enterprise, but are temporarily in its use and accounted for on off-balance accounts.

Types of business transactions and their impact on the balance sheet.

A + x - x \u003d P - I type of business transaction, changes within the asset, change the composition of the property, while the balance sheet currency does not change.
A \u003d P + x - x - II type of business transaction, changes within the liabilities side of the balance sheet, the sources of property formation change, while the balance sheet currency does not change.
A + x = P + x - III type of business transaction, an increase by the same value of the asset and liability balance, while the balance sheet increases.
A - x = P - x - IV type of business transaction, decrease by the same amount of the asset and liability of the balance, while the balance sheet decreases.

Check is a way of grouping information as a result of economic activity. There are the following types of accounts:

Active Accounts. They keep records of the organization's funds, their movement.
passive accounts. They take into account the sources of formation of property, their movement.
Active-passive accounts. They have signs of both active and passive accounts and serve to reflect settlement transactions, where receivables and payables may arise simultaneously.

Each business transaction, based on its economic content, affects two accounting objects, i.e. it has a dual character.

A double entry is that the same amount is reflected twice: in the debit of one account and in the credit of another account. The double entry method is of great control value. the same business transaction in an equal amount is reflected twice, therefore, there should not be discrepancies in the amounts in terms of turnover, an error is immediately detected and the person responsible for it is established.

According to the level of detail of accounting, accounts are divided into synthetic, analytical and sub-accounts.

Before proceeding with the preparation of the balance sheet, you should check the correctness of the entries in the accounts by compiling a turnover sheet.

Chart of accounts - a systematic list of accounting accounts, which is based on the classification of accounts according to their economic content. It contains eight sections:

Section 1 - non-current assets;

Section 2 - inventories;

Section 3 - production costs;

Section 4 - finished products and goods;

Section 5 - cash;

Section 6 - calculations;

Section 7 - capital;

Section 8 - financial results;

Off-balance sheet accounts

3. Accounting for fixed assets and intangible assets. Accounting production stocks, low-value and wearing items.

OS accounting should ensure the following tasks:

correct execution of documents and timely reflection in accounting;
a reliable determination of the results from the sale and other disposal of fixed assets;
full definition of costs;
OS security control.

Fixed assets are valued at original, replacement, residual value, book value, liquidation value.

original cost Fixed assets acquired for a fee are recognized as the amount of the organization's actual costs for the acquisition, construction and manufacture, excluding VAT.

Actual costs for the acquisition, construction and manufacture of fixed assets:

amounts paid by the organization in accordance with the supply, purchase and sale agreement;
amounts paid to organizations for the implementation of work under a construction contract and other contracts;
amounts for information and consulting services related to the acquisition of fixed assets;
registration fees, state fees and other similar payments made in connection with the acquisition of rights to an OS object;
customs duties and other payments, etc.

replacement cost - this is the sum of the costs for the reproduction of the OS at the time of the assessment, i.e. how much does it cost to buy the same or similar.

residual value - the real value of the object at a particular time of operation.

Book value - this is the cost at which fixed assets are reflected in the balance sheet.

Liquidation value - this is the cost at which the written-off object can be realized, or the cost that is attributed to losses upon liquidation of fixed assets.

Depreciation is the process of gradually transferring the value of fixed assets as they wear out to the product or service produced, in order to recover their cost and accumulate cash for subsequent full recovery.

Fixed assets worth more than 20 thousand rubles are depreciated.

There are 4 ways to calculate depreciation:

linear;
reducing balance method;
write-off method based on the sum of numbers of years of useful life;
method of writing off the cost in proportion to the volume of production.

OS objects leave the organization as a result of:

sale (realization) of the object to another legal entity or individual;
write-offs in case of moral and (or) physical deterioration;
transfer of fixed assets in the form of a contribution to the authorized capital of other organizations;
liquidation in case of accidents, natural disasters and other emergencies;
transfers under agreements of exchange, donation of OS objects;
write-off of fixed assets, previously leased with the right to purchase, etc.

To determine the expediency and unsuitability of fixed assets for further use, the impossibility or inefficiency of its restoration, as well as to draw up documentation for the write-off of these objects in the organization, a permanent commission may be created by order of the head.

The results of the decision taken by the commission are documented in an act for the write-off of fixed assets. The act is approved by the head of the organization. On the basis of the issued acts for the write-off of fixed assets, a note is made on the disposal of the object in the inventory card.

Accounting for intangible assets.

Intangible assets are the value of objects that do not have a material form, do not have physical properties, but provide the company with the opportunity to receive income for a long time, have properly executed documents confirming the existence of the asset itself and the exclusive right to the results of intellectual activity, have a long useful life. use, are identifiable, not for resale

Intangible assets are accepted for accounting at their original cost. Additional expenses increase the initial cost of intangible assets.

Depreciation is charged on the basis of the initial cost of intangible assets and its useful life. The useful life of intangible assets is determined by the organization when accepting an object for accounting. The useful life of intangible assets is determined based on: the duration of the patent and the expected life of this object. For intangible assets, for which it is impossible to determine the useful life, depreciation rates are set for 20 years.

The financial statements reflect the initial cost and the amount of accrued depreciation by type of intangible assets at the beginning and end of the reporting year, the cost of write-offs and increments, and other cases of movement of intangible assets.

Inventory.

Inventory assets are assets used in the production of products, performance of work or provision of services, or for management needs for a period not exceeding 12 months or a normal production cycle, and are also held for resale.

The main tasks of accounting for inventories are:

Formation of the actual cost of stocks.
Correct and timely documenting operations and providing reliable data on the procurement, receipt and release of stocks.
Control over the safety of stocks in storage areas and at all stages of their movement.
Monitoring compliance with the stock standards established by the organization.
Timely identification of unnecessary and surplus stocks.
Conducting an analysis of the effectiveness of the use of reserves.

All stock movements must be documented primary documents which must be properly formatted.

Inventories are accepted for accounting at actual cost.

Materials are one of the types of MPZ. Upon acceptance, the materials are carefully checked. Materials must be accounted for in the appropriate units of measure. Acceptance acts and receipt orders must be drawn up on the day the relevant materials arrive at the warehouse or other storage locations.

Deficiencies and damage are taken into account in the following order:

A) The amount of shortage and damage within the limits of natural wastage is determined by multiplying the amount of missing and (or) damaged materials by the contract price of the supplier.

B) shortages and damage to materials in excess of the norms of natural wastage are accounted for at actual cost.

Consumed material is written off on the basis of the actual or standard consumption according to the act for the write-off of materials and is charged to costs. Accounting for operations on the movement of materials is carried out in "material accounting cards". Records are kept by the materially responsible person on the basis of primary receipts and expenditures on the day of the business transaction.

Accounting for auxiliary materials. Labels, corks, capsules and other materials are used for packaging and registration of medicines in the process of their manufacture and dispensing, for intra-pharmaceutical procurement and packaging for the processing of prescription utensils, and for maintaining the sanitary regime in pharmacies.

Posting and accounting of auxiliary materials is carried out in the same way as other materials. The spent VM are written off according to the "certificate of the standard consumption of materials" AP-53.

If the issuance of VM occurs as the current need, then the financially responsible person needs to keep records of the issuance of VM by name, quantity, price, amount. At the end of the month, the accountant calculates the total expense and draws up a write-off act.

Accounting for medicinal and plant raw materials. Medicinal plant materials accepted at the purchase price from the population are issued with a receipt f. AP-4, which is made up in triplicate. This receipt is a form of strict accountability. One copy of the receipt remains with the person who accepted the raw materials, and is attached to the pharmacy report at the end of the month. The second copy is presented by the person who handed over the raw materials to the cash desk, where he is paid the procurement cost of the raw materials. In this case, the receipt remains at the checkout. The third copy remains with the person who handed over the raw materials.

When selling drugs, an “Act on the transfer of drugs into goods” must be drawn up, on the basis of which drugs from the group of values Raw material translated into Product.

Accounting for sanitary overalls. Sanitary clothing is issued to employees in the manner prescribed by the collective agreement on the basis of standard industry norms for free distribution special clothing. Pharmacies are required to provide their employees with gowns, caps, etc.

The issuance and return of sanitary-special clothing to employees should be reflected in personal cards. It records the full name of the employee, what was issued, the basis for the issue, the wear period, the date of issue and the signature of the recipient.

Overalls issued to employees are the property of the organization and are subject to return.

Overalls can be taken into account either as fixed assets or as part of the inventory. It depends on how long it has been used. The cost of overalls, accounting as materials are written off to the cost immediately. The cost of overalls accounted for as fixed assets is depreciated if their cost is more than 10 thousand rubles, and if it is less than 10 thousand rubles. it can be written off to costs immediately upon handover to operation.

4. Accounting for goods.

The assortment, quantity and quality, the order and terms of shipment and other terms of delivery are determined by the supply contracts. To receive goods from a transport organization or supplier, an authorized person is issued a power of attorney of the established form.

When selling, all organizations are required to provide the buyer with an invoice, which are issued in two copies. The supplier registers invoices in the Sales Book. After that, the invoices are entered into the "Invoice Registration Journal", filed to it and stored for a full 3 years from the date of issue.

The buyer - registers the received invoices in the "book of purchases", after which they are also registered and filed in the "Journal of registration of invoices" and stored for a full three years.

The main type of consumption of goods in a pharmacy is the sale for cash and cashless payments.

To account for the cost of an extemporaneous prescription, the prescription journal AP-65 or receipts for custom-made production of AP-59 are used. When taxing extemporaneous prescriptions, it is required to allocate the cost of medicines, purified water, and the tariff for manufacturing. It is necessary to single out drugs sold at a discount or free of charge from the total sales.

All these indicators are reflected in the register of the AP-71 recipe. To summarize the data on preferential dispensing, a “Consolidated register of prescriptions for preferential dispensing of drugs” form No. AP-9 is compiled.

Another kind production activities- laboratory and packaging work. Their records are kept in the "Journal of Records of Laboratory and Packaging Works". Based on the results for the month of this journal, a “Reference on the revaluation or markdown for laboratory and packaging work, the implementation of works and services” is compiled. These data are reflected in the commodity report of the department.

Production activities also include the manufacture of purified water, which is used for the manufacture of drugs. Its cost is reflected in a separate line in the receipt for the ordered medicine and in the "Journal of accounting for wholesale distribution and settlements with buyers. According to the results for the month, these data are reflected in the AP-12 certificate and the commodity report.

The costs of the pharmacy for production activities are covered by charging a tariff, which is taken into account in the same documents that reflect the cost of manufactured medicines.

All settlements for the sale of goods to the public are carried out using cash registers, therefore the main documents confirming the fact of the sale of goods to the public are cash documents. When selling drugs, it is necessary to allocate sales with VAT 10% and 18%.

Tare is a type of inventory designed for packaging, transportation and storage of products, goods and other material assets. The container is accepted for accounting at the actual cost, which is the sum of all the costs of its purchase and delivery or the cost of its manufacture.

The acceptance of containers from suppliers and buyers, the release of containers to the side, as well as the movement of containers within the organization, are drawn up with the same primary documents as for accounting materials.

A container that has become unusable due to natural wear, breakage or damage is drawn up by an appropriate act. The act is drawn up by the commission.

The movement of containers is recorded in the "Card of warehouse accounting of materials" for each item, item number in quantitative terms.

At the end of the month, materially responsible persons, drawing up a TORG-29 commodity report, also draw up a "Container Report" TORG-30.

Modern problems of science and education. Organization of accounting in the pharmacy network Accounting system in the pharmacy organization

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Similar Documents

Introduction

. Theoretical part

.1 The need for automation

.2 What IP does a pharmacy need

.3 Trends and outlook

. Analytical part

.1 Characteristics of the automation object

. Design part

.1 Statement of the problem

.2 Software

. Economic part

.1 Selection and justification of the methodology for calculating economic efficiency

.2 Calculation of indicators of economic efficiency of the project

Conclusion

List of used literature

Annex A

Introduction

1. Theoretical part

.1 The need for automation

.2 What IP does a pharmacy need

.3 Trends and outlook

2. Analytical part

3. Design part

.1 Statement of the problem

3.2 Software

4. Economic part

.1 Selection and justification of the methodology for calculating economic efficiency

.2 Calculation of indicators of economic efficiency of the project

Conclusion

Collection of guidelines for students for practical exercises for the specialty 060101 - General Medicine (full-time education)

What will we do with the received material:

All topics in this section:

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