Ways to calculate salary  Payroll methods.  Possible accrual systems and their features

Ways to calculate salary Payroll methods. Possible accrual systems and their features

The Chart of Accounts and the Instructions for its use to account for all payments made by the organization to its employees are provided.

Maintaining payroll on account 70

It takes into account all calculations with personnel:

  • wages, including basic and additional wages, as well as incentive and compensation payments;
  • for, benefits and compensation;
  • on payment of vacation pay and compensation for unused vacation;
  • on deductions from wages to compensate for losses from marriage, shortages, theft, damage material assets, etc.;
  • on payment by employees of trade union dues, utilities and other services;
  • on the basis of a court decision, etc.

For a credit, the postings of account 70 show the amount of debt of an enterprise / organization to an employee, for a debit - a decrease in such debt due to payments wages or other amounts due to employees in accordance with the law, or the employee's debt to the enterprise.

Analytical accounts to account 70 can be opened for groups of employees (by departments) and for each employee separately.

The main corresponding accounts to account 70 when calculating salaries are determined by the type of activity of the enterprise (organization):

  • in production - (for employees of the main production), (for employees of auxiliary production), 25 (for employees involved in the management and maintenance of workshops and / or sections), 26 (for employees of plant management and specialists), 29 (for employees of service industries and farms);
  • in trade and service sector.

When accruing benefits, accounts are used that are intended for settlements with off-budget funds(). When calculating vacation pay and the amounts of payments for long service, it is used, etc.

All the above accruals are made on the debit of the indicated accounts and on the credit of account 70.

See step by step instructions for accrual and payment of salaries in 1C 8.3:

Postings: wages accrued

Basic payroll:

Account Dt Account Kt Wiring Description Posting amount A document base
20 (23, 25, 26, 29) 70 Posting: accrued wages to employees of the main production (auxiliary, servicing, employees of management and maintenance of shops and the enterprise as a whole) 150000 Help-calculation
44 70 Salaries of employees of a trade or service enterprise are accrued 60000 Help-calculation
69 70 (due to illness, work injury, pregnancy and childbirth, etc.) 20000 Help-calculation
91 70 Salaries were accrued to employees employed in a field of activity that is not related to the usual for the enterprise (for example, maintenance of leased facilities) 30000 Help-calculation, lease agreement
96 70 Payments to employees were accrued at the expense of the reserve for future expenses and payments (vacation pay, remuneration for long service, etc.) 40000 Help-calculation
97 70 Salary accrued to employees engaged in work classified as deferred expenses (development and testing of new products, scientific research, market research, etc.) 35000
99 70 Salaries were accrued to employees of the enterprise engaged in the elimination of the consequences of emergencies, disasters, accidents, natural disasters, etc. 15000 Reference-calculation, act of work performed

Enterprise (organization) in case of shortage Money may partially pay for the work of employees in kind, but such calculations should not exceed 20% of the accrued amount of wages. When wages are paid with products of own production, it is taken into account at market prices in accordance with Art. 40 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation. Personal income tax and unified social tax from payments to employees in kind is paid on a general basis based on market value products or other material assets issued to employees.

How to display the payment of wages, taxes and deductions in transactions

These postings are reflected in the debit of account 70 and the credit of the corresponding accounts. They show a decrease in the organization's debt to employees for wages.

Account Dt Account Kt Wiring Description Posting amount A document base
70 50 Payroll posting 254500 Settlement and payroll, expenditure cash warrant
70 51 The salary was transferred to the employees' accounts in the bank (bank cards) from the account of the enterprise 50000 Help-calculation, payment order an agreement with a bank
70 68.01 Withheld personal income tax from the salary of employees 45500 Help-calculation
70 71 Withheld from the employee's salary an amount not previously returned to him, issued under the report 2500 employee advance report
70 73 Withheld from the employee the amount of compensation for material damage caused by him 5500
70 75 Acquisition of company shares by employees on account of wages 20000 Employee statements, decision general meeting shareholders
70 76 Deductions from employees' salaries in favor of third parties (membership and insurance premiums, alimony, debt repayment utility bills, other payments by court decision, etc.) 10000 Help-calculation
70 94 The amount of material damage was withheld from the identified perpetrators 5000 Act of internal investigation, order for damages

In accordance with the Labor Code of the Russian Federation, the employer is obliged to pay wages at least twice a month. The amount of the advance should not be less than salaries or tariff rates for the first half of the month worked. The advance payment scheme is shown in fig. one.

Rice. 1. Procedure and terms for advance payment.

Deductions from wages can be made only in cases provided for by law. Art. 138 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation establishes restrictions on the amount of deductions from wages:

  • in standard cases - no more than 20% of the salary;
  • in special cases provided for by law, as well as when deducting from an employee's earnings under several executive documents - no more than 50% of wages;
  • when an employee is serving correctional labor, paying alimony for minor children, compensating for damage as a result of a crime - no more than 70% of wages.

It is said that, concluded with an employee of the organization by the employer, is the basis for starting work. It is in it that it contains item dealing with wages, its constituent parts and dates of issue in accordance with the internal local regulations in force in the organization.

The procedure for calculating wages

As a rule, an accountant is responsible for the calculation of remuneration for the work of employees in any organization. The accrual procedure and the terms of its payment are regulated by Article 135 of the Russian Labor Code and may differ depending on the form of education, as well as the documents on the basis of which the calculation is made. As internal local bases the company can serve:

  • position on;
  • staffing;
  • orders about;
  • employment contracts;
  • timesheets;
  • incentive orders, etc.

The above documents contain all the detailed payroll information. In addition, there you can find data on the remuneration systems used in the organization. In accordance with part 6 of article 136 of the Labor Code, wages in an organization must be paid at least twice a month every two weeks. Days for the issuance of wages can be prescribed in the collective or employment contract.

At the end of the month or the beginning of the next, the employer is obliged to issue payslips that show:

  • salary for the previous month,
  • allowances,
  • awards,
  • due deductions,
  • withheld personal income tax,
  • the amount of the advance paid,
  • company debt (if any).

Payroll rules

For, so that the rights of employees are not violated by the employer, the Labor Code of the Russian Federation and various Federal Laws contain a whole list of clear rules for the payment of wages to employees. We list some of them in the form of abstracts.

If the payday falls on a holiday, then payments must be made on the working day preceding the day of rest.

When an employee goes on vacation, the amount of all accrued remuneration for work and vacation pay must be paid no later than three days before the start of the vacation.

If wages are delayed for a period of more than 15 calendar days, the employer is obliged to pay compensation for each day in the amount of 1/300 of the Central Bank refinancing rate of the amount owed.

Full time salary the employee must be equal to or higher than the currently established minimum wage, taking into account the district coefficient.

Upon dismissal of an employee, payment of wages must be made on the last working day or, in other words, on the day of dismissal.

Thus, the procedure for calculating wages in organizations may differ slightly depending on the approved internal documents governing this process.

When, if an employee believes that the payroll procedure in the organization violates his rights, you should apply to the specialists of the Prosecutor's Office or the Labor Inspectorate. These organizations will check the received information for authenticity and, if a violation is detected, will involve entity(employer) liable.

Perhaps the most important issue that worries both the employee and the employer is payroll. If the employer makes a mistake somewhere and underpays the employee, he may have serious problems with the labor commission and the tax service, and if the employee does not know what his salary consists of and the procedure for paying it, he may never know what he underpay.

Normative base

Features of the calculation and payment of wages are described in Art. 21 of the Labor Code Russian Federation. In Art. 136 of the Labor Code "Procedure, place and terms of payment of wages" describes the main nuances that an employer needs to know when calculating and paying wages.

How salary is calculated

The salary of each employee is calculated in accordance with the procedure established by the enterprise, with which the employee must be familiarized. When calculating wages, the system of remuneration, which is established at a given enterprise for a given category of employee, all incentives and penalties, all social and other payments and tax deductions. According to the legislation, the employer pays pension and insurance contributions from his own funds.

Information required for billing

Payroll occurs from the first day when the employee begins to perform his duties.

After the employee brings all the documents necessary for applying for a job to the personnel department (or directly to the employer, if we are talking about a small enterprise), he signs an employment contract with the employer.

The employment contract stipulates all the nuances of labor relations - from the mode of operation and payment of wages to the specifics of termination of the employment contract. On the basis of this agreement, an order or order is issued for the enterprise to hire a new employee, and it is this document that is the basis for the accounting department (or the settlement department) for calculating wages.

In addition to the order or instruction on hiring, which contains information about the start date of work, the salary of the employee and his last name, first name, patronymic, position, personnel number, the payroll accountant also needs the following information:

  • the established system of remuneration - time-based, piecework or mixed;
  • actual hours worked or information on the volume of products produced (services rendered).

For laid-off employees, you will also need the date of termination of employment and information about unused vacation days.

Pay systems

In order to know how to calculate wages, you need to know which wage system is established for the employee. There are two main systems:

  • time-based - when an employee is paid a salary depending on the hours worked, days, weeks, and so on. Accounting is kept in a worksheet - electronic or paper;
  • piecework - when wages are paid, for example, for the number of units of production or services rendered. Accounting is carried out according to the forms developed and installed at the enterprise.

Payment procedure

According to labor law, wages must be paid twice a month. The employer can set the dates of payments on his own and must necessarily register in the local documents of the enterprise, for example, in a collective agreement.

Also, the employer must establish whether payments are made in cash or transferred to the employee’s bank account and approve the form of the document (pay slip), which will describe the calculation of wages, accrued bonuses, deductions made, and the like.

According to the Labor Code, the employer is obliged to familiarize the employee both with the procedure for calculating wages and with all the details of its calculation.

Usually the first payment at the beginning of the month is called an advance payment. It is calculated using one of two methods:

  • establish a certain percentage of the employee's salary - for example, thirty or forty - excluding bonuses, allowances, deductions, and the like;
  • calculate the salary due to the employee for the time actually worked or for the number of units of goods (services) produced, taking into account bonuses, allowances and deductions.

Of course, it is more convenient to calculate and pay a fixed amount. Payments must be made strictly on the set date; if it falls on a weekend or holiday, payment must be made the day before. Accounting for payments must be kept according to the statement, the form of which is established State Committee statistics 05.01.2004.

Additional accruals and deductions

Before the salary is paid, all payments and deductions due to the employee must be made. Holds are as follows:

  • pay income tax– obligatory state income tax individuals, the list of which includes wages;
  • deductions for material damage caused by the employee;
  • deductions for overspent vacation days (for laid-off workers);
  • alimony;
  • payments to repay the loan - at the written request of the employee;
  • deductions, if there was an overpaid salary.

Additional payments are as follows:

  • the mandatory or additional bonus established at the enterprise based on the results of work in billing period;
  • coefficient established in the region;
  • established allowance for working conditions;
  • holiday payments.

Consider some hold and additional payments more.

Income tax

According to the law, before paying salaries, it is necessary to withhold personal income tax from it. Interest rate for a resident of the country - a person who has spent the last one hundred and eighty-three days in the territory of the state - is thirteen percent. Income tax is calculated before withholding alimony, money to pay off a loan, and the like.

Vacation pay

Holiday pay (as well as deduction) is made according to the average daily earnings. If the employee has worked the billing period (year) in full, then the average daily earnings are equal to the wages paid for this period, divided by twelve months and the average monthly number of calendar days - this value is considered to be 29.4.

If an employee is not fully employed accounting year, then the number of months that he worked in full is multiplied by the average monthly number of calendar days and the calendar number of days in the incompletely worked month is added. The resulting number is divided by the salary paid by the employee for the period worked by him. The average daily earnings are multiplied by the number of vacation days and the employee is paid the amount received.

Vacation money must be paid to the employee three days before he goes on vacation, so it is better to calculate vacation pay without waiting for the end of the month. An order to grant leave to an employee must be issued and endorsed two weeks before it begins.

Calculation of sick pay

The payment of sick leave benefits is also made according to the average daily earnings, but it is calculated by dividing the average earnings (for the last two years) by seven hundred and thirty - the number of days worked. When paying benefits, the insurance percentage is also taken into account, which is set depending on the insurance period:

  • less than five years - sixty percent;
  • from five to eight years - eighty percent;
  • eight and more years- one hundred percent.

The average daily earnings are multiplied by the number of days on the sick leave, the amount received is multiplied by the insurance percentage and the resulting number is paid to the employee.

The payment of sick leave benefits is possible only when the sick leave is closed and provided by the employee to the accounting department or the settlement department of the enterprise. Most often, an employee receives sick pay with the next salary.

Maternity benefits are always multiplied by one hundred percent, regardless of the insurance period. Also, the average daily earnings are calculated a little differently: average earnings must be divided by the number of days in the last two years worked, with the exception of those days when the employee was on sick leave, maternity leave and parental leave.

Since there are a lot of nuances in the payment of wages, the example of payroll in each case will be different.

Cases of miscalculation

This is not to say that cases where wages are calculated incorrectly are frequent and ubiquitous, but sometimes they happen. Salary may be incorrectly calculated according to different reasons, for example, in the case of a mechanical error of an accountant who calculates the wrong amount or figure.

"Extra" money is considered unjust enrichment and must be returned - that is, they will be deducted from the next salary. In this case, there are such nuances: total amount of all deductions should not exceed twenty percent of the employee's wages. That is, if the employee, for example, still pays alimony, the amount of this payment and deductions for the return of incorrectly accrued wages cannot exceed the twenty percent mentioned above; if the excess salary was paid as a result of the employee’s dishonest behavior or the accounting error of the accountant, it is withheld from the employee, but if the salary was overstated due to the accountant’s negligence, the costs will be deducted from the accountant, since the loss was caused to the enterprise through his fault.

The employer must correctly calculate the salary and pay it to employees on time. The principal requirement of the employer to the systems of remuneration applied in practice is equal remuneration for equal work, otherwise one should be guided by the specifics of a particular production and economic situation generally. We will talk about wage systems (SOT) and the key features of each type in this article.

From this article you will learn:

Related Documents:

Salary in terms of labor law

Salary, or wages - the remuneration of an employee for the work performed, in other words, the price of those involved in the production process labor resources. According to Article 129 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation, the level of salary is determined by the qualifications of the employee, as well as the complexity, quantity, quality and conditions of the work that he performs. It is customary to include compensation and incentive payments as well. Labor legislation, the norms of which are aimed primarily at protecting the rights of personnel, also provides for the payment of wages for hours not worked:

Types of compensation payments:

  • compensation for unused vacation upon dismissal;
  • payment of preferential hours for nursing mothers and adolescents, basic and additional annual holidays, as well as study holidays for employees who combine work and study;
  • payments for the time of forced absenteeism and downtime through no fault of employees;
  • payments for days when an employee performs public and state duties.

The payment of salaries to personnel must be made: at least every half a month, exactly on the day established by the Labor Regulations or the employment contract, and also no later than 15 calendar days from the end of the period for which it was accrued.

Ways to calculate wages for employees

There are the following systems of remuneration of employees:

piecework;

time-based.

With piece-work, the employee's salary depends on the amount of products manufactured by him (work performed).

Piecework SOT is subdivided into:

  • direct piecework;
  • piecework premium;
  • piece-progressive;
  • indirectly piecework.

Read more about wages here:

Minimum wage for employees

Regardless of the specifics of the payroll scheme preferred by the employer, the amount that the employee receives per hour or per month must not be less than that established by the state minimum level. This rule applies to enterprises of any form of ownership and is implemented in practice in the form of a minimum monthly rate or a minimum hourly wage. No organization in Russia has the right to pay monthlysalary less than minimum wage (minimum size remuneration) except for cases when the specialist works part-time or part-time.

When does it make sense to use a piece-rate or time-based system?

When developing a remuneration scheme for the personnel of a particular enterprise, it is necessary: ​​to choose a method of remuneration that directs the efforts of employees to achieve the desired level of productivity, and to provide each specialist with the opportunity for self-realization in the professional field. To produce competitive products in sufficient volume and at the lowest cost, you should thoroughly analyze the workflow and only then make a choice in favor of a particular system.

When does it make sense to use piecework or hourly wages?

Time-based SOT is used, as a rule, in relation to specialists, official duties which are diverse and difficult to quantify (for example, when it comes to accounting, bank customer service, legal support of transactions, etc.). If the indicator of the quality of the work performed is more important than the quantitative indicator, and the price of a specialist’s mistake is too high, if the work is of a creative nature, if the employee, with all his desire, cannot have a direct impact on the level of labor productivity, it is worth giving preference to the time-based scheme.

As for piece work, the priority area for its application has been and remains production lines, where an increase in the number of operations performed does not affect their quality. If you need to improve production efficiency with the ability to measure the quantitative result of the work done, you can safely introduce piece-rate COT. It is important to fix the procedure for calculating and paying staff wages in a collective and labor agreement, as well as in the local regulatory documentation of the enterprise.

Features of the piecework wage system

In the case of using direct piece-rate COT, the employee's salary is calculated as the product of the price per unit of output (type of work) by the quantity of manufactured products (work performed). Piecework prices for a unit of production (type of work) are set by the employer. They must be spelled out in the employment contract with the employee, as well as in local regulations employer: Regulations on wages, collective agreement, etc.

EXAMPLE

A homeworker makes souvenir magnets. His work is paid according to the direct piecework system at the rate of 15 rubles per unit. In a month, an employee produced 600 magnets. His salary was 9,000 rubles. (600 pieces x 15 rubles)

With a piece-bonus COT, the algorithm for calculating wages is the same as with a direct piece-rate system, but the employee receives a bonus in addition to the calculated amount. Its size and terms of payment are determined by the employer (for example, in the Regulations on Bonuses).

EXAMPLE

The work of a homeworker in the manufacture of souvenir magnets is paid piecework at the rate of 15 rubles. for a unit. But if he makes 700 or more magnets per month, then he is entitled to a bonus of 20% of the amount of earnings. In October 2015, a homeworker made 730 magnets. His salary, taking into account the bonus, was: 13,140 rubles (730 pieces x 15 rubles + (730 pieces x 15 rubles) x20%)

With a piece-progressive SOT, output within the limits of the standard is paid as usual, and excess output is paid at an increased rate.

EXAMPLE

According to local regulatory documents enterprises, a homeworker must produce 600 magnet souvenirs per month (standard). The payment per unit of production is: in case of production within the limits of the standard - 15 rubles per unit; in case of production in excess of the standard - 20 rubles per unit. In November 2015, an employee produced 680 magnets, for which he was paid a salary of 10,600 rubles. (600 pieces x 15 rubles + 80 pieces x 20 rubles)

We will not dwell on the indirect piece-rate COT, since such a system is used, as a rule, in relation to personnel of auxiliary (servicing) industries. The salary of such workers depends on the wages of workers in the main production. The mechanism of "dependence" is set by the employer.

Time wage system

The time-based payment system, in contrast to the piece-rate system, is characterized by the fact that the employee is paid not for the amount of products he has manufactured (work performed), but for the time actually worked. Time-based SOT is subdivided into simple time-based and time-bonus. With a simple time-based system, only the time actually worked by the employee is taken into account. The salary of an employee with a simple time-based SOT can be calculated:

  • at hourly rates;
  • at daily rates;
  • based on the fixed salary.

Actually worked days (hours) in all the above cases are recorded in the time sheet.

Chief Accountant of Intech LLC (Smolensk):

With a time-based wage system, an employee's earnings depend on his qualifications and the time he has worked. The advantages of this system are ease of implementation and ease of payroll, the creation of preconditions for the performance of high quality work, improving the climate in the team. The main disadvantage is that wages can be difficult to link to the contribution of a particular worker. The time-based scheme is suitable for the non-manufacturing sector, as well as small companies. If the employee is paid a salary, and he has worked all the working days of the month, then he is paid a salary in full. If the month is not fully worked out, then the employee is paid wages based on the salary calculated in proportion to the number of working days actually worked.

EXAMPLE

Sales manager Petrov, who works in the organization on a 5-day, 40-hour working week, is paid 44,000 rubles. In October 2015, Petrov worked 15 working days (out of 22 working days). The rest of the day he was sick. For October 2015, he received a salary of 30,000 rubles. (44,000 rubles / 22 days x 15 days)

If the work of a specialist is paid at the daily wage rate, then his salary is calculated by multiplying this rate by the number of days he actually worked. Similarly, wages are calculated in the case of applying the hourly tariff rate. Only the rate is multiplied by the number of hours actually worked (and not days).

EXAMPLE

In the conditions of the previous example, suppose that sales manager Petrov is assigned a daily tariff rate in the amount of 2,000 rubles per day. For 15 days worked in October 2015, Petrov received a salary of 30,000 rubles. (2000 rubles x 15 days)

The sizes of hourly (daily) tariff rates, salaries for various categories of personnel are determined by the employer and are reflected in the Regulations on remuneration, as well as in staffing. A variation of the time-based system is the time-bonus SOT. With it, the employee's salary consists of two parts:

payments for the hours actually worked (based on salary or tariff rate);

Bonus

Bonuses are the most common way to reward employees. The bonus is paid for the performance by the employee of certain production indicators, and its size can be set by the employer both in a fixed amount and as a percentage of the salary. In contrast to the salary or tariff rate, which is the main and basically stable part of the salary, the bonus is considered an additional, variable part. Among the indicators that you have to focus on when calculating bonuses, most often appear:

reduction of losses from marriage;

fulfillment or overfulfillment of the production plan;

professional skills and knowledge of advanced labor methods;

improved results economic activity link, section, brigade or workshop;

reducing the cost of production.

According to Article 144 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation, the employer has the right to independently form a bonus system, while the procedure for calculating bonuses should be fixed in. By establishing a piece-bonus SOT and making regularly paid bonuses part of the salary, the employer assumes certain obligations. In other words, if the bonus for achieving specific indicators provided for by local regulatory documentation is not paid to an employee who, by all indications, is entitled to receive it, the injured party may apply for the recovery of incentive payments to the GIT, the court or the prosecutor's office. At the same time, general and dual formulations found in the local regulations of the employer are interpreted in favor of the employee. In order to avoid misunderstandings, it is necessary to distinguish regular types of bonuses from lump-sum incentive payments - one-time remuneration at the end of the year, bonuses for long service, material assistance, etc.

Regulations on the title "Best Worker"

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EXAMPLE

Sales manager Petrov, who works in the organization on a 5-day, 40-hour working week, is paid 44 thousand rubles, as well as a bonus of 15% of the salary. The bonus is paid on the condition that the employee fulfills the obligations stipulated by the employment contract and job description. In October 2015, Petrov worked 15 working days (out of 22 working days). The rest of the days he was absent due to disability. During the period of work, Petrov conscientiously performed his duties. For October, he received a salary in the amount of 34,500 rubles. ((44,000 RUB + 44,000 RUB x 15%)/22 days x 15 days) End of example

Tariff-free wage system

Both hourly wages and piece-work belong to the category of tariff systems that require the mandatory use of certain standards to differentiate the salaries of specialists who perform production operations of different complexity, nature, intensity and working conditions. In parallel with the tariff systems, there is a tariff-free SOT, in which the remuneration received by an employee depends on the overall results of the enterprise or department, as well as on the amount of funds sent by the employer to the salary fund. The main features of the tariff-free scheme are:

  • close relationship between the level of income of employees and the size of the wage fund;
  • assigning to each specialist a constant coefficient of labor participation in the overall results economic activity enterprises.

Some companies successfully use a mixed COT, which has signs of a tariff and tariff-free system - for example, a dealer mechanism, in which the employee's salary is the difference between the actual selling price of the goods and the price that the dealer paid for it to the enterprise, or. Commissions are received by managers of sales, advertising, foreign economic relations of the enterprise, etc. Be that as it may, the method of payroll chosen by the employer must be clear to the staff so that each employee can independently calculate the strategy of their actions to achieve the best result and receive the desired reward .

When is it allowed to pay salaries in kind?

A rare, one might say, exotic form of wages - in-kind - is still found today. By general rule salary in the territory of the Russian Federation is paid in the state currency, that is, in Russian rubles, but sometimes, due to special circumstances, one has to resort to exceptional measures - produced by the enterprise (products, manufactured goods, etc.).

Performing work in the interests of employees or providing free meals, travel, recreation, training is also considered a form of payment in kind. The right to pay wages to personnel in non-monetary form, the employer receives only if there are good reasons, enshrined in Article 131 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation and clause 54 of the Resolution of the Plenum Supreme Court RF No. 2 dated March 17, 2004:

Payment of wages in kind is issued if:

  • the goods issued to the employee or the services provided to him (or his family) are in full demand and useful (for example, food or feed for livestock in the agricultural industry);
  • the cost of goods and services provided on account of wages does not exceed their real market price;
  • no more than 20% of the monthly salary is paid in kind;
  • the employee himself wrote an application with a request for the issuance of part of the salary in kind.

Employees who do not agree to such a transition should be offered another job, and in the absence of free vacancies or after rejecting all the proposed options, the employment relationship can be terminated on the basis provided for in paragraph 7 of part 1 of article 77 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation. In practice, most often there is a transition from time-based SOT to piece-bonus, as more profitable for an enterprise in the production sector and allowing an objective assessment of the contribution of each employee to the overall result of the company's activities. Unfavorable economic conditions are also forcing the abandonment of fixed monthly salaries in favor of more flexible employer systems.

Test yourself

What part is not included in the salary of an employee with a time-bonus wage system:

  • payments for actual hours worked;
  • mandatory additional payment for time wages;
  • premiums.

2. Which wage systems include time-based and piecework wage systems:

  • non-tariff;
  • tariff;
  • tariff-free.

3. What circumstance does not allow paying wages in non-monetary form:

  • no more than 50% of the monthly salary is paid in kind;
  • such a procedure for paying wages is initially provided for by an employment or collective agreement;
  • the value of goods and services provided on account of wages does not exceed their real market price.

4. In which case the employee does not need to pay for unworked time:

  • if these are compensation for unused leave upon dismissal;
  • if it is a payment for the days of participation in a public initiative;
  • during idle time.

5. What type of piecework wages does not exist:

  • direct piecework;
  • piecework compensation;
  • piecework premium.

Payroll is handled by accounting staff. If the number of the enterprise is high enough, then it is advisable to have a specialist in the staff with the functionality of a payroll accountant. HR specialists also participate in the calculation of wages, preparing time sheets, calculating hours worked and counting the number of overtime. In the article, we will consider the step-by-step process of calculating the remuneration of personnel, formulas, examples are given. The information is current for 2017

According to the current labor legislation, the payment of wages for the previous period must occur no later than the 15th day of the next month, and in two amounts. Specific payment dates must be in without fail is prescribed in the Regulations on the remuneration of the enterprise, and there must be at least 15 days between them. How are they installed.

Wages not paid on time entail the calculation of compensation for each day - calculate the amount of compensation for the delay in free of charge.

The salary calculation algorithm looks like this:

At the same time, all sick days and vacations are taken. After the number of hours is entered for each day for each employee, the time sheet is closed - that is, they are signed by the manager, assigned a number to him and entered in the Timesheet Journal. For convenience, you can refer to the timesheet with the index "-TURV", which means "time sheet". After that, the finished signed time sheets are transferred to the accounting department.

The mistake of many beginners is the belief that the time sheet is only needed to record the working hours of employees who work on an hourly wage rate, on a summarized accounting of working hours or on a flexible work schedule. Timesheets must be filed for each employee. It does not matter whether it will be a single report card for the entire enterprise or a separate document for each division in particular.

There are two options here.

The first one is based on salary part wages. In this case, if the employee worked the entire month and did not have days of annual leave, leave without pay, or sick leave, the salary will be equal to that specified in his employment contract. If some time of the month was paid sick or vacation, the accountant calculates the salary in proportion to the days worked. Important: It's about days, not hours.

Formula to calculate wages for hours worked by days (hours):

ZP for working hours \u003d Salary * Number of days worked / Total number of working days in a month

ZP for work time = Salary * Number of hours worked / Total number of hours worked per month.

If the employee's employment contract contains a PTS - hourly rate, The accountant calculates the salary of an employee by multiplying his tariff rate by the number of hours worked.

Formula to calculate the payment for hours worked at the tariff rate:

ZP = Tariff rate (daily or hourly) * Number of days (or hours) worked per month.

If the employment contract states piecework wages, then the formula for calculating the salary is as follows:

ZP \u003d Piece rate * Number of units of production (works, services, operations) per month.

It is made on the basis of the "Regulations on bonuses" of the enterprise, in which, in addition to the terms of payments and the procedure for calculating, the form of motivation for each position must be prescribed. Previously, documents are submitted to the payroll department for the calculation of the motivational part of the salary. In them, for each employee, KPIs are approved - key performance indicators. The document must be signed by the head of the department in the same way as the time sheet.

The Labor Code establishes situations and categories of employees who need to make additional payments, which may be related to the nature of their professional activities. So, bonuses are due to employees:

  • For work at night, which are officially considered hours from 22.00 to 6.00. The amount of the additional payment must be at least 20% of the salary or hourly rate of the employee
  • For work in harmful or dangerous working conditions. Note that the basis for considering a profession as such can only be the results of the Special Assessment of Working Conditions, according to the results of which the evaluating company issues a conclusion - a list of all jobs in the enterprise, and additional payments will be required for them.

It can also be surcharges established by a collective agreement, intersectoral agreement or local regulations.

For example, they include:

  • Intern tuition fee
  • Additional payment for combining several professions.
  • Additional payment for managing a group of employees.
  • One-time bonuses related to performance.
  • Bonuses for years of service, length of service at the enterprise
  • Regional coefficient, for example, in the regions of the Far North.

Holds - important point calculation of employees' salaries. They may have several causes:

  • Withholdings on writ of execution from bailiff or by court order.
  • Deductions in the form of alimony, the amount of which is also determined by the writ of execution.
  • Material damage to the enterprise, which was caused by an employee. There is an important point here: in order to make deductions, you must have on hand a full package of documents proving the employee’s guilt: his explanatory note, memo from the manager, video or photographic materials, as well as an order to apply a disciplinary sanction.

When conducting deductions, it is important for an accountant to remember a number of rules regarding the allowable deduction percentage. In most cases, it is no more than 20% of the amount of earnings employee, taking into account the bonus part. If a writ of execution several, then the total amount of deduction cannot exceed 50% of wages. When compensating for material damage and collecting alimony that was not paid on time, more than 70% of monthly earnings cannot be withheld.

If wages are calculated, then the advance payment issued for the first half of the month is deducted from the total calculated amount.

General formula for calculating the salary of employees:

ZP \u003d Payment for hours worked + Bonuses + Surcharges - Deductions

Payroll entry: D 20 (or 44 for trade enterprises) K 70.

It is the same for all citizens and is 13%. For this amount, the employer, being tax agent, pays in tax service on behalf of the employee, respectively, reducing the amount of income accrued by this amount.

If the employee is entitled to standard tax deductions, then the employer must take into account the amount of deductions before calculating income tax. If we are talking about a deduction for a child, then an additional condition must be met - the total salary from the beginning of the year does not exceed 350,000 rubles.

Formula to calculate personal income tax from wages:

Personal income tax = 13% * (Employee's salary for hours worked - Standard deductions)

Posting code for tax withholding: D70 K68 NDFL.

The employer considers three types of contributions:

on OSS (VNiM) – rate 2.9% up to limit base, over 0% (social contributions due to temporary disability and motherhood) - paid to the Federal Tax Service since 2017;

  • on OSS (PFiNS) - social contributions for injuries are paid to the FSS;
  • OPS - a rate of 22% up to the marginal base, over - 10%, (pension contributions) - are paid to the Federal Tax Service since 2017;
  • Compulsory medical insurance - a rate of 5.1% of the total amount of income (medical deductions) - is paid to the Federal Tax Service.

The total percentage of contributions from salary is 30%.

Important: the amount of the employee's salary is not reduced, the contributions are paid from the budget of the employer.

Formula to calculate payroll contributions:

Contribution = Accrued RFP * Tariff

His employer is obliged to issue before or on the day of the issuance of wages, it contains a breakdown of the accruals. For convenience, you can configure the distribution of pay slips to email employee, while providing a password for each file. Issuance of a paper pay slip is strictly in hand.

The legislator does not cite restrictions on the form of payment. Will it be cash payment or bank transfer bank card, the decision belongs to the employee. It is strictly forbidden for an employer to force employees to participate in salary projects or other activities. The employee has the right to provide the details of any bank at his discretion by writing.

If the payment is made in cash, the accountant draws up a payroll, which the employee signs. It is important to remember that the level of income is personal data. Therefore, when signing, either an individual statement is formed, or all lines with accruals are closed except for the necessary one.

In conclusion, it is necessary to recall the obligation of the employer to ensure the timely payment of wages, as well as compliance with the interval of 15 days between advance payments and wages.

Payroll Examples

Payroll calculation example

For a full month:

The salary of an employee is 29,500 rubles. For September and October 2017, he worked all the days, according to the production calendar (21 and 22 working days, respectively). He is not entitled to any other payments.

  • Salary for September for hours worked = 29500.
  • Salary for October for hours worked = 29500.
  • personal income tax = 29500 * 13% = 3835.
  • Total contributions = 29500*30% = 8850.
  • RFP payable = 29500 - 3835 = 25665.

That is, for a full month, the employee receives a full salary, despite the fact that the number of working days is different.

For an incomplete month:

Salary - 29500 rubles. In October 2017, 18 days worked. Other payments, except for salary, are not allowed.

  • Salary for October for hours worked = 29500 * 18/22 = 24136.36.
  • RFP payable = 24136.36 - 13% * 24136.36 = 20999.
  • Total contributions = 30% * 24136.36 = 7240.91.

Example with tariff rate

For an employee, the daily tariff rate is set at 2400 rubles. per day. In November 2017, he worked 20 days.

  • Salary for November for hours worked = 2400 * 20 = 48000.
  • RFP payable = 48000 -48000*13% = 41760.
  • Total contributions = 48000 * 30% = 14400.

An example of piecework pay

In December 2017, a worker sewed covers for 30 sofas and 50 armchairs. Piece-rate for a cover for a sofa = 800 rubles, for a cover for an armchair - 650 rubles. The deadline for payment of the second part of the salary is the 10th day of the next month.

  • Salary for December \u003d 800 * 30 + 650 * 50 \u003d 56500.
  • RFP payable = 56500 - 13% * 56500 = 49155 - must be paid on January 10, 2018.
  • Contributions = 30% * 56500 = 16950.

Calculation example with district coefficient

The company has 2 employees. The salary of the first is 36,000, the second has a piecework wage of 500 rubles. for each table made. The regional coefficient for the region is 15%.

First worker:

  • worked a full month;
  • premium - 3600 rubles;
  • a deduction for a child is 1400 rubles;
  • salary since the beginning of the year - 280,000.

Second worker:

  • made 30 tables;
  • a deduction is made for two children - 1400 for each;
  • salary since the beginning of the year 370,000.

Calculation for the first worker:

  1. ZP excluding the district coefficient = (36000 + 3600) = 39600.
  2. ZP, taking into account the regional coefficient = 39600 + 39600 * 15% = 45540.
  3. Personal income tax \u003d 13% * (45540 - 1400) \u003d 5738.2.
  4. RFP payable = 45540 - 5738.2 = 39801.2.
  5. Total contribution = 45540 * 30% = 13662.

Calculation for the second worker.