For studying natural conditions engineering surveys are being carried out. They are aimed at helping a person in his economic activity- the development of new spaces, construction, the search for minerals.
Depending on the goals, there are main types of engineering surveys:
geodetic;
geological;
hydrological;
geophysical;
environmental;
cadastral.
Geodetic types of survey work are aimed at studying earth and building surfaces, adjusting and leveling them. Geological views are used to determine the section of the rocks of the earth's crust. Hydrology is the study of surface and ground water. Geophysical types of engineering surveys are designed to study the structure of natural and artificial materials using certain instruments - seismographs. They capture waves emitted by rocks and diagnose cavities in soils, landslide processes, and the state of foundations. Ecological species protect the environment. Cadastral surveys are needed for paperwork and registration of plots in the land cadastre.
There are special types of engineering surveys. They are divided into geotechnical, when the deformation characteristics of soils are studied, search for water supply and exploration of mineral deposits for construction work. For the design of objects for various purposes, such types of engineering surveys as geodesy and site geology are effectively used, which you can order from our company GeoGIS LLC. We have all the necessary equipment for high-quality surveys. There are also permits for work.
For the study of soils, underground and surface waters, the following are used:
surface methods are drilling of pits and wells, dynamic and static sounding, seismic exploration;
aerospace methods are the most reliable and popular when studying instantaneous images from space and from drones.
Most often, engineering surveys are carried out in a complex manner. Geologists can effectively explore the site, the customer will save considerable money on this, since all reputable firms will provide him with discounts. The scope of work includes geodesy and geology. Order if necessary cadastral work and the conclusion of ecologists. The latter is mandatory when commissioning large residential and industrial facilities.
Types of survey work in construction depend on the goals and wishes of the customer. Usually, this is the compilation of a geo-base with drawing on it the boundaries of the site, significant objects, benchmarks, landscape on a certain scale, which allows you to display and contain everything you need. Next comes the drilling. Which method to drill depends on the soils to be explored. If these are loose, weak rocks, which include sands, clays and their derivatives, it is effective to use auger drilling. The breed is collected in a tape on a steel pole. It's easy to study.
In hard and rocky soils, core drilling is used. The drill is presented in the form of a crown made of hard alloys or diamond, allowing you to drill a well to the desired depth. In case of poor access to the object, dynamic or static probing is used. They are carried out with a probe with a cone-shaped tip. A special sensor measures resistivity soils at the end of the drill and on its side surface. This allows you to cheaply and quickly, although not always enough, to investigate the soil and the level of groundwater. If you need to know the degree of soil compaction, which is especially important in the construction of structures with a complex configuration, the stamp method is relevant.
Engineering survey continue in the laboratory. Water and soil samples taken during drilling are examined for composition and properties. They are subjected to various tests. The main thing is to find out what density soils have, what load they can withstand, how high groundwater rises during floods and rains.
The results of engineering surveys are documented in the terms of reference, a sample of which contains a list of works, the conditions under which they were carried out, conclusions, recommendations and calculations. The terms of reference is a document that guarantees the quality of all types of engineering survey work. The customer who received it will be sure that the foundation of the structure will be sufficient, but not too strong, and groundwater will not flood the basement of the cottage in the spring. In addition, geologists will select the waterproofing material. If soil moisture is high, drainage or drainage will be developed. When building on weak or waterlogged soils, a pile foundation will be calculated.
All engineering surveys are carried out in accordance with the requirements set forth in GOSTs and SNiPs.
Before starting work or designing an object, the customer needs to determine the costs. The Handbook will help you navigate this issue. Base Prices for engineering research. Do not think that there are prices for all services corresponding to a given time. Experienced developers understand that the cost of work is constantly changing upwards, so they monitor the pricing policy of engineering services on the Internet, and the guide helps to get acquainted with the formation of prices, according to the category of complexity of the site, applying the appropriate coefficient.
The construction of new buildings for any purpose involves a mandatory preparatory stage. It includes comprehensive measures that help to make an informed decision on the start of work. From this article you will learn everything about engineering surveys in construction: what it is, why it is carried out, what is included in it. We will also talk about software that simplifies the creation of projects.
Research falls into two main categories: economic and technical. Together, they make it possible to form a forecast of the facility's efficiency, its cost, safety for people and the environment. At the first stage, specialists collect information about the area, its infrastructure, prospects economic development, identify the site that suits the requirements of the customer the most. The obtained data is given to the investor and he decides on the rationality of further actions.
The second part of the planning identifies dangerous and unsuitable natural factors for construction. It consists of practical field studies. Design organizations act in accordance with the SNiP standards established in the Russian Federation and its constituent entities.
To start acting, the performer must receive technical task. it legal document, which is compiled by the customer - himself or with the help of lawyers. It specifies all the wishes for the future building and information about the chosen location. The set of events may vary depending on the type and purpose. For residential and small industrial facilities, two tests are carried out, for large and planning settlements - the entire list.
Under the terms of the law in complete list includes several major field studies.
They are produced in the early stages of planning. the main task– analysis of soil layers for suitability for construction. The goal is to meet the quality requirements of the future building and the careful use of resources.
The project includes the following services:
Without providing the results of this survey, it is impossible to obtain permission to erect a building.
The work is aimed at studying the relief and nature of the local landscape, natural and anthropogenic objects. The task is to create topographic maps and drawings of the territory, which will help to fully assess the site and identify its shortcomings.
What is included:
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At the final, cameral stage of geodetic and geological research, engineering software is used. It helps to automate statistical operations, data analysis, drawing up drawings. ZVSOFT offers several such utilities.
All reports received through these utilities comply with the current SNiP.
We talked about preparatory work which are mandatory for any type of construction. In the case of large buildings, it is necessary to carry out some work on the study of the site.
They are produced for the purpose of a comprehensive examination of the state of the environment, the possibility of its transformation. Specialists collect materials about the territory from various sources in order to predict the results of the impact on it. The content of the activities depends on the current moment of planning and the purpose of the future project: residential, industrial premises. The main task is to find out man-made and natural factors that are unsuitable for the customer's requests.
What is included in the list of mandatory actions:
Aimed at getting an idea about the current state of natural waters and the processes occurring with them, as well as the manifestations of the climate at the location chosen for the construction of the building. This is necessary to justify or refute the request for the transformation of the terrain.
What work is being done:
As in other cases, the content of such surveys depends on the TOR, SNiP, the purpose of the structure, the design stage, and the complexity of developing the selected area.
Tasks of hydrological works:
TO is a document that the customer receives after the end of cooperation with the design organization. It contains complex analysis all surveys carried out in the area. Information is presented in textual, graphical form and applications. The first part contains general information about the tasks set, the geographical location of the object, the number and methods of the studies performed, and the terms of the contract.
Responsible persons and their details should also be listed:
The design organization also indicates in the report:
The visual section consists of topographic maps, drawings, plans, graphs, tables with calculation of indicators, catalogs. Copies of the TOR from the developer and the contractor's license must be attached to the papers.
This document is written by the customer, the design organization and lawyers can participate in the process. It can be issued both for the entire range of services, and for individual surveys.
The act contains the following information:
Also, the TOR should specify the requirements for:
We talked about engineering research in detail. All listed works carried out in accordance with the approved legislative level standards. This means that without construction surveys it is impossible to obtain permission to use the site for the construction of the facility. The project created as a result of all activities must pass the state examination.
Engineering surveys are a set of works to study a construction object for natural and man-made qualities with a conclusion on the predicted interaction of environmental factors with the object. Engineering surveys in without fail are included in the complete package of project documentation for the construction of houses, high-rise buildings, commercial and office premises, schools, industrial productions, warehouses, communications and roads.
Engineering surveys for construction
The construction or reconstruction of buildings and structures begins after the approval of project documentation, which includes the following types of engineering surveys:
Geodetic surveys
The complex of these works consists in the preparation of a topographic plan of the site, which is the main element in the design of construction projects. It is used to create general plan, working drawings, the relief of the territory is being studied, as well as vertical planning and landscape design. topographic survey allows you to simulate the terrain in digital format.
Geological surveys
The study of geological engineering surveys is carried out in the early stages of design. It allows you to find out the feasibility and feasibility of the planned construction, as well as to predict the level of safety of the future operation of a building or structure. The study of the engineering-geological factor is the main task in the study of a complex of general engineering works. Without the necessary studies of the depth of groundwater and soil structure, it is impossible to make a decision on the foundation and type of foundation, type of structure, etc. In addition, based on the geological analysis, it is possible to compare possible design solutions and, based on the most advantageous characteristics, choose a less expensive construction option.
It is difficult to imagine modern construction without preliminary engineering and geological surveys. However, there are cases when customers take such a mandatory study rather lightly. Ultimately, savings on geological surveys at the design stage or the initial stage of building construction are reflected in the construction time, quality, and cost of the project.
The construction of new facilities, and especially within the city, when there is a dense development, especially acutely requires complex geological work. New construction may entail the irreversibility of geomorphological processes and lead to deformation of neighboring structures and buildings. In addition, the use of underground space for the construction of modern parking lots or retail space, as well as the reconstruction existing buildings carries a heavy load on the foundation, therefore, the study and study of the place of future construction should be approached with special responsibility.
Environmental surveys
The complex of engineering research also includes the analysis of the environment and the natural sphere. Environmental surveys make it possible to prevent possible adverse environmental consequences, socio-economic negative phenomena, and also to create positive conditions to live in a given area. A report on this type of survey is included in the permit documentation for the implementation of the construction of various facilities. Based environmental surveys project documentation is drawn up - EIA and environmental protection.
Thus, in order for the implementation of the project to be reliable, economical and durable at all stages - from laying the foundation to the operation of the finished building, it is necessary to carry out a full-fledged complex of engineering surveys.
Engineering surveys for construction are called works carried out in order to obtain the necessary materials for design and obtaining permits. This is a very important stage of any construction, since without engineering surveys it is impossible to take the correct technical and economic decisions, predict the impact of the future facility on the environment and the environment, assess the level of safety. It is the results of the survey that determine the complexity and cost of construction work, the reliability and durability of the constructed facility.
The following types of engineering surveys are used in construction:
Engineering-geological - complex work on the study of soil and groundwater.
Engineering and geodetic - research, measurements and calculations aimed at obtaining information about the relief of the site and the situation of the area.
Engineering and environmental - assessment of the current ecological state of the territory and forecasting changes in the future.
Engineering and hydrometeorological - the study of the climatic features of the area, the hydrological regime of natural reservoirs and groundwater.
Engineering surveys - a thorough and comprehensive study of the natural and man-made characteristics of the site to justify construction, obtain permission to perform construction work, create a project and erect a reliable, sustainable, safe, functional and durable facility.
As a result of the work carried out, a site topography, an engineering and geological report, an environmental assessment and a forecast of changes are obtained. All this is presented in the form of a single technical report, which is necessary during the design to justify the construction and obtain a permit for construction work.
Geological and geodetic surveys
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Organization "GeoCompany" provides services for all types of engineering surveys for construction on the most favorable conditions. We have been working in this industry for more than twelve years, we have modern equipment, thanks to which we can guarantee the highest quality of work. Over the entire period of work, our specialists have successfully implemented more than 2,500 objects on the territory of the Russian Federation, while we work with both large organizations and individuals. If you want to order a survey for construction, then you need to contact us in any convenient way:
We are ready to receive you at any time, and in order to conclude an agreement, you absolutely do not need to visit our office, since all Required documents can be signed already on the spot.
In preparation for construction work, it is often impossible to do without a study of the land, which involves engineering surveys. The implementation of such measures allows you to make the right decision when creating project documentation at the stage of construction work. At the same time, it is important to know what is included in engineering surveys and how this process is organized. The timing of construction, costs, environmental safety and reliability of the finished facility depend on the correctness of the work.
Engineering surveys are conditionally divided into two types. The first type involves conducting research in the economic sector. Not less than important work- study of the land plot from the side of the technical component. Usually, economic part is carried out first of all in order to understand the relevance of building a structure on a specific piece of land. At this stage, information about the conditions and prospects for the development of the region is evaluated. After analyzing several options, a person makes a more informed decision about the start of construction work. If the calculations have shown the economic inexpediency of the measures, no further steps are taken.
Conducting engineering surveys - the ability to obtain the following information:
The purpose of engineering surveys is to obtain an economic and technical justification for construction work. As a result, the developer receives information about the future conditions for the construction of the facility. It is possible to predict future changes and immediately make changes to the project documentation. At the same time, it is important that research work be carried out taking into account the norms of SNiP 11.01-95.
After the completion of engineering surveys, it is easier to resolve issues in relation to space-planning work. It is important to take Constructive decisions, make up different types plans (situational, general). After getting your hands on necessary information environmental protection measures are being developed, and design documentation for future activities is being created.
The composition of engineering and geological surveys often depends on the goals pursued by the developer:
As a result of the work carried out, access to a number of useful information is opened. In particular, the developer can determine whether the natural conditions correspond to those specified in the project documentation. In addition, the quality of the foundations of objects and bearing units is assessed, the condition of the structure and the clarity of work are monitored. engineering networks. Also, engineering and geological surveys will be carried out for the purpose of local control of natural conditions, as well as the rehabilitation and reclamation of the site.
When performing engineering and geodetic work, it is important to know what is included in their composition, and what work is a priority in a particular case. With the help of such events, it is possible to determine the features of the relief in relation to the future construction and the planned infrastructure of the facility. The scope of work may include the following investigations:
Considering the question of what is included in the engineering survey, it is important to single out a number of additional works. Their implementation is often, as a rule, mandatory before construction begins. We are talking about the control of soils under the building under construction, the assessment of risks in relation to various kinds of impacts (man-made and natural). In addition, a justification of works aimed at protecting nature is being carried out. Also, observations of structures, a comprehensive study, as well as checks in the scientific field and architectural supervision are carried out.
The correctness of the survey work plays a key role in the process of site selection and construction work. With the right approach, it is possible to reduce the overall risks of the destruction of the object, as well as to eliminate the occurrence of an emergency. Also, based on the results of the work, a rational scheme of the object is created and complete safety is guaranteed. Having full engineering surveys on hand, it is possible to avoid unnecessary expenditure of money and justify investing in the construction of a particular structure.
It is not recommended to exclude engineering surveys from the complex of works. This is due to the fact that the price of the object, its reliability and the duration of its service life largely depend on the effectiveness of such measures. The relevance of the events can be traced in the case when it is planned to build a building in conditions of close urban development. In addition, research is indispensable for land plots, which were not previously used for the construction of structures.
The greatest difficulty in the construction process is the situation of erecting objects within the boundaries of state-populated cities. The main challenge is to preserve the value of historic buildings. Small deviations in construction work, for example, displacement or settlement of the soil, are enough to cause real difficulties. In addition, the risk of deformation appears when creating a foundation pit for a newly constructed object, in the event of a change in the level of groundwater, when the underground water flow is blocked, and in other cases.
Based on the results of the activities, mathematical modeling is carried out in the field of geology and engineering. The planning of each stage of the construction of structures deserves special attention. According to the information received, it is possible to judge the influence of the created pit, as well as the main buildings.
Reorganization of the object is no less difficult. Here we are talking about the expansion, superstructure and other work in relation to the objects under construction. project documentation in relation to such works, an assessment of the operability of the structure and the relevance of choosing a foundation from the standpoint of the property and condition of the earth precedes. That is why it is so important that the geological engineering surveys include a full range of works.
