Construction of a complex of 25-storey residential buildings - 3 residential multi-apartment detached houses with built-in premises, 2 detached underground parking lots and 1 surface parking lot, transformer substation. The first stage of construction includes two buildings of a residential building - building 1 and building 2, an underground parking lot and a transformer substation. The second stage of construction includes one building of a residential building - building 3 and an underground parking lot. The third stage of construction includes a surface parking lot.
The building is a residential apartment building 25 storey building and refers to the 1st stage of construction. This stage includes two buildings of a residential building, identical to each other.
Floors - 26 floors.
Residential floors - 25.
The degree of fire resistance of the building is I.
The constructive fire hazard class of the building is C0.
The height of the building from the level of the daytime surface of the earth (before the start of earthworks):
The building is a detached 25-storey residential multi-apartment section with a basement and a technical attic.
In the basement are Technical buildings for maintenance of built-in office premises and residential floors. The height of the floor is 2.8m, the height of the basement rooms in the cleanliness is 2.54m.
The basement has 2 emergency exits and two pits with a window measuring 1.3x0.9 (h), separate entrances to the fire extinguishing pump room and the ITP room are also provided.
Technical attic with a height of 1.8 m from the floor to the bottom of the ceiling. Technical space is used for laying engineering communications. The entrance to the technical attic is carried out from a non-smokeable staircase of the H-1 type through the vestibule.
On the first floor there are built-in rooms office purpose area from 80 to 250 sq.m. The height of the floor is 4.3 m, the height of the office premises in cleanliness is 3.36 m.
The exits from each office are isolated from the residential part. Each office has bathrooms for MMGN.
Also on the ground floor are located: the entrance group of the residential part, the control room, combined with the concierge room and other technical premises that serve the residential building.
Accommodation of apartments is provided from the 2nd to the 25th floors. The height of the residential floor is 3.0m. The height of the residential part in cleanliness is 2.55 m, the height of common areas in cleanliness is 2.3m.
In accordance with the increased number of storeys, the building has a smoke-free staircase of the 1st type with a transition through the outer air zone and a separate exit to the street, as well as smoke removal from the floor corridors on each residential floor.
The building has 4 elevators to serve residents. These elevators have stops from the 1st to the 26th floor. Elevator No. 4, with a carrying capacity of 1000 kg, is intended for residents of the house and for transporting fire departments. The shaft of this elevator is isolated from the shafts of other elevators; air is provided in it. Lift doors for transportation of fire departments - EIS60. Doors of other elevators - EIS30.
The elevator ride almost ended in tragedy in one of the residential complexes in the Leninsky district of the Moscow region. People descended from the 25th floor. At some point, a metal cable broke, breaking through the ceiling of the cabin, and the elevator suddenly flew down. The life of the passengers was saved by a safety mechanism. Moreover, according to the residents, this is not the first incident with lifts. TV channel report "Moscow-24".
Semyon Mashkov and his site neighbor Georgy Kurganov recall what they felt at the moment the elevator fell from a height of several floors.
"We entered the elevator on the 25th floor, went for a walk with the dog, pressed the button, the elevator started moving and after about 40 seconds there was a sharp bang. Then it was not clear what happened, then there was an acceleration, we sat down, the elevator was full of dust, the ceiling collapsed, and the chain fell through the ceiling," says Semyon Mashkov.
“Some one was shaking at first, right for a second, then abruptly somehow everything was in the dust. I managed to jump to the door, and then a minute later we saw what happened, what the consequences were, what collapsed, and this chain was just lying around,” — says Georgy Kurganov.
It turned out that the elevator had fallen between the first and second floors. The victims had to sit in a locked cabin for almost an hour. Failed to call the dispatcher.
“We heard the dispatcher, but there was no feedback. The concierge had already called the engineers by phone, after 40 minutes he came up,” explains Semyon Mashkov.
Despite the fact that the house is new, it has been rented out a little more than a year back, with elevators here, according to the residents, a constant problem.
- Seemed like a house superior comfort, as if elite - a brick, a monolith. Unfortunately, problems have been accompanying us since then, especially elevators - they are constantly breaking down.
All the same housing complex, the elevator in the building opposite. This summer, Anastasia Komarova and her 4-year-old daughter became hostages of the cargo compartment there. After what happened, the girl is still afraid to go down the elevator.
“We drove two floors, there was a terrible rattle, and the blow was very strong. So strong that our bike fell on its side, and we could hardly stand on our feet,” recalls Anastasia Komarova.
Residents of this entrance, after the fall of the elevator with Anastasia and her daughter, try to avoid traveling in this particular cabin. Those who live below the floors, and the house is 25-story, do try to go up and down on foot.
- We constantly make applications, but the reaction to them is not as fast as we would like. We want this to get better.
After another emergency with an elevator, Georgy and Semyon decided to write a statement to the police and intend to demand management company understand technical condition elevator facilities in the house.
Why the Soviet panel houses not to look without tears, how house-building plants have gone from shovels to robots, what can be in common between elite classes and comfort? BN learned firsthand how a modern panel house is built.
It would take a long time to list what is cool in the work of a journalist (and what is not very good). But one of the most obvious advantages, it seems to me, is the opportunity to see with your own eyes how certain processes work, to get first-hand explanations. The most memorable episodes of my ten-year journalistic practice were visits to manufacturing enterprises- from hydroelectric power plants and car assembly, which inspired the feeling that the uprising of machines will begin precisely with car factories, to agricultural companies - where else will a city dweller be able to see live how robots milk a cow!
Real estate is something that most people cannot do without throughout their lives. Of course, before buying a home, many are interested in what technology the house was built on, what materials were used. You don’t want to freeze in your own apartment in the winter.
There are many types and series of houses, at the editorial board we decided to focus on prefabricated panel houses that are common today. The panel gained great popularity due to lower cost than that of a monolith or brick, and the speed of construction using panel technology is higher. The cost of an object directly depends on the consumption of materials, as well as on the timing of construction: building very quickly and very slowly is equally expensive.
In order to find out how such houses are built, we turned to LSR Group, one of the construction companies that make extensive use of seamless panel house building technology, and in mid-July met with the head of the production and technical department, Alexei Perepelkin.
We decided that the residential complex " New Ohta located in the east of the city. Now it presents different stages of implementation, which will allow you to see with your own eyes the technological stages of implementation - from the first floors under construction to the already occupied houses.
The whole world is striving for manufacturability of construction, trying to make it so that as little as possible has to be done by hand, and from the point of view of this desire, the production of parts at the factory with subsequent assembly at the construction site is, in general, an ideal. Now the production part of LSR Group includes about 30 enterprises and covers reinforced concrete products, foundation piles, concrete mixtures, mortars, bricks, aerated concrete, sand and crushed stone.
For example, a 24-storey point house requires about 3 thousand rubles. reinforced concrete products different configurations. The speed of construction itself largely depends on the well-functioning of logistics processes. On average, the construction of a point multi-storey building using panel technology takes about two years.
Stages of construction of a 25-storey point building of LSR Group
Zero cycle: piles are driven in, LSR makes the basement and the first floor monolithic, which is necessary for the rigidity of the building
After that, the installation of panels begins, which represent the skeleton of the building, they are mounted up to the roof
Subcontractors enter the business, the established pool of which, taking into account the volume of construction, includes several dozen companies. Roofers begin to do the roofing, at the same time the insertion of windows begins
Facade workers immediately follow the window makers, who stuff mineral wool from the outside, then plaster it, putty it, and paint it. At the same time, they try to match the more or less warm period
Inside, specialized organizations install heating, ventilation, water supply systems, etc., then the apartments are finished
As for the production technology itself, it is specifically at the plants of LSR Group that automated system design. If you explain on the fingers, then flash cards with drawings are inserted into the machines, and the equipment, virtually without the participation of the installer, puts the mixture into a special form, compacts, grinds and releases the panel. The system allows you to quickly make changes - the architect just needs to redraw the drawings, release them in in electronic format, and the production line is almost immediately rebuilt.
The very principle of conveyor production has remained the same, but now robots are used, and earlier, Alexey recalls, at construction plants, mixtures were thrown with shovels and then leveled by hand. Well, a lot depends on the culture of production: before, builders could simply give up on some imperfections.
In Russia, the culture of production and, in general, the performance of any kind of work is still far from the culture of Finnish developers, whose panel houses are set as an example for Russian construction companies- the latter are constantly accused of losing their panels to their foreign counterparts.
“Have you seen 25-storey panel houses in Finland? In St. Petersburg, of course, low-rise panels are also being built, but the design and technological operations in the construction of high-rise panel houses significantly different from low-rise ones. And, of course, this is due to the culture of production, including the careful handling of building materials, which we did not have and which is not created in one year. But the situation is improving. I came to work at house-building factory No. 4 in 1984, worked there for ten years, in “ LSR Group“I have been working for 19 years and I can say that there are positive changes,” Alexey explains, as we walk among the panels painted in light green color.
80
24-storey houses can be built from panels that will cover the distance between St. Petersburg and Moscow
In addition, the consciousness of buyers is changing. “Clients' requirements for the quality of housing are growing more and more. This forces developers to develop technologies, select contractors, train them, and develop finishing standards. When you build 500 thousand square meters. m per year, it is impossible to think through each house individually, so standards must be developed,” he adds.
If you do not take into account the Finnish experience, I, like many potential buyers, are scared off by an unpresentable appearance Soviet panel houses with bare seams and peeling gray cladding, and it’s hard to get rid of the thought that the same thing could happen to my newly acquired modern panel.
“Did you know that old-style panels are almost impossible to paint? The panels of the previous generation, in general, are still being produced, since there are no technologies that are only good and only bad, each has its own advantages and disadvantages. But those panels most often had a textured layer, made at the factory in the form of tiles, or textured concrete, and it is very difficult to restore. In addition, the Soviet Union did not have a developed sense of responsibility for collective property, so it was almost impossible to collect money from the residents to paint the house. Now with mandatory contributions to the fund overhaul we are taking steps towards caring for collective property. As a car needs to be serviced during operation, so does a house. Actually, in many respects this is why Soviet panel houses now look the way they look. It is difficult to compare panels with that period. Now, if you look at our house, - Aleksey stretches his finger towards the inhabited high-rise building, - you will not be able to determine whether it is panel or, say, monolithic, since there are no seams, it is plastered and painted.
9 mm Makarov pistol cartridge
unable to penetrate 120 mm reinforced concrete panel
In suture technology, just the seams are the weakest point. “I now live in a house built using seam technology, and the seams have to be redone every five to six years. The sun, wind, water make them unusable, therefore, the seams begin to leak. In seamless technology, a reinforced concrete panel is used, on which a heater is put on. We can freely change the thickness of the insulation, which is impossible in seam panels. In addition, there are physical moments, nod if you understand in the course of the conversation, ”Alexey looks at me with some doubt.
In physics, there is the concept of “dew point”: when the temperature is minus outside, plus inside, then zero is somewhere in the middle, and condensate falls around zero. The farther from the inner surface is the insulation, the further the dew point from the room. In a three-layer panel using seam technology, the insulation is inside, therefore, in any case, it works worse than the one on the outside. Pushing the dew point as far as possible to the outer surface will make the house warmer and less humid. In addition, the closer the insulation is to the outer wall, the higher the vapor permeability should be - it is necessary that the moisture that forms in the insulation can evaporate freely. If the insulation is filled with a layer of concrete in a three-layer panel, it is clear that this layer will not provide proper evaporation.
30 days
The Great Owl can be kept in the Leningrad Zoo for an amount equal to the cost of two reinforced concrete panels
There is an opinion that panel houses can only be in the low price segment. In response to this, Alexey stunned that in terms of sanitary and epidemiological requirements, there is no particular difference between expensive and cheap housing. “Insolation, the quality of water supply, heating, ventilation - everything is done according to the standards. Society is developing in the direction of greater comfort,” he states, adding that the company has panel facilities with additional expensive options that are business class, for example, the Europa City residential complex on Medikov Avenue. The facade is made ventilated, ceramic hollow tiles were used as a facing material. “The fact that the complex was built using panel technology does not in any way reduce the quality of life. Any building should be considered from the point of view of living comfort. But it is difficult to build an elite house from panels, since panel housing construction has limitations on space-planning solutions: a room of 50 sq. m not to do. If you can drill holes in monolithic reinforced concrete where you want to drill, then you won’t be able to behave freely with the panel, ”concluded Alexey.
It cannot be argued that the current panel is the limit and nothing better will be invented. The development of building technologies goes in parallel with other areas, with chemistry, with the processing of materials. Something new appears, it gets into construction. “A house is a conglomeration of all things that exist on the market. I still found the times when elderly designers said: “Plastic pipes for heating? It can not be!" It will still develop,” Alexey assures in parting.
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Construction of a complex of 25-storey residential buildings - 3 residential multi-apartment detached houses with built-in premises, 2 detached underground parking lots and 1 surface parking lot, transformer substation. The first stage of construction includes two buildings of a residential building - building 1 and building 2, an underground parking lot and a transformer substation. The second stage of construction includes one building of a residential building - building 3 and an underground parking lot. The third stage of construction includes a surface parking lot.
The building is a residential multi-apartment 25-storey building and belongs to the 1st stage of construction. This stage includes two buildings of a residential building, identical to each other.
Floors - 26 floors.
Residential floors - 25.
The degree of fire resistance of the building is I.
The constructive fire hazard class of the building is C0.
The height of the building from the level of the daytime surface of the earth (before the start of earthworks):
To the top of the parapet 80.44 m;
From the mark of the adjacent territory to the floor of the first floor (0.000) 0.17 m;
From the mark of the adjacent territory to the mark of the bottom of the window opening of the upper floor 72.60 m.
In accordance with the Urban Development Plan of the land plot No. RU78100000-11878, the building does not exceed a maximum height of 85 m.
The building is a detached 25-storey residential multi-apartment section with a basement and a technical attic.
In the basement there are technical rooms for servicing the built-in office space and residential floors. The height of the floor is 2.8m, the height of the basement rooms in the cleanliness is 2.54m.
The basement has 2 emergency exits and two pits with a window measuring 1.3x0.9 (h), separate entrances to the fire extinguishing pump room and the ITP room are also provided.
Technical attic with a height of 1.8 m from the floor to the bottom of the ceiling. The technical space is used for laying engineering communications. The entrance to the technical attic is carried out from a non-smokeable staircase of the H-1 type through the vestibule.
On the ground floor there are built-in office premises ranging from 80 to 250 sq. m. The height of the floor is 4.3 m, the height of the office premises in cleanliness is 3.36 m.
The exits from each office are isolated from the residential part. Each office has bathrooms for MMGN.
Also on the ground floor are located: the entrance group of the residential part, the control room, combined with the concierge room and other technical premises that serve the residential building.
Accommodation of apartments is provided from the 2nd to the 25th floors. The height of the residential floor is 3.0m. The height of the residential part in cleanliness is 2.55 m, the height of common areas in cleanliness is 2.3m.
In accordance with the increased number of storeys, the building has a smoke-free staircase of the 1st type with a transition through the outer air zone and a separate exit to the street, as well as smoke removal from the floor corridors on each residential floor.
The building has 4 elevators to serve residents. These elevators have stops from the 1st to the 26th floor. Elevator No. 4, with a carrying capacity of 1000 kg, is intended for residents of the house and for transporting fire departments. The shaft of this elevator is isolated from the shafts of other elevators; air is provided in it. Lift doors for transportation of fire departments - EIS60. Doors of other elevators - EIS30.
