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Presentation on the topic " demographic problem" can be downloaded absolutely free on our website. Project subject: Geography. Colorful slides and illustrations will help you interest your classmates or audience. Use the player to view the content, or if you want to download the report, click on the appropriate text under the player. The presentation contains 11 slides (s).
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Population explosion is on the decline
The demographic problem is a priority problem for the survival of mankind. The population explosion around the world has subsided, although in Africa the decline is just beginning to show. If in the early 60s the world population increased by an average of 2% per year, then in the late 80s - by 1.7%, in the late 80s - by 1.4%, At the beginning of the 21st century, it continues to decline .
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Nevertheless, the inertia of the population explosion, associated primarily with a very high proportion of young ages, will have an impact for a long time to come. This is evidenced by the demographic forecasts regularly published by the UN. According to the forecast, by 2025 the population of the Earth will increase to 7.8 and by 2050 - up to 9 billion people. At the same time, the share of economically developed countries will decrease even more, and the share developing countries will increase. The country numbers also change. At the same time, as a result of the continuation of the "Urban Explosion" in the countries of the south, the proportion of the urban population and the number of million-plus cities will constantly increase.
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In order to solve the demographic problem, the UN adopted the "World Population Action Plan", in the implementation of which geographers and demographers also participate. At the same time, progressive forces proceed from the fact that family planning programs can help improve the reproduction of the population. But demographic policy alone is not enough. It must be accompanied by improved economic and social conditions people's lives.
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Scientists believe that the medical calorie intake of food consumed should be at least 2300-2600 kcal and 70-100 grams of protein per day. But at present, according to the UN, almost 2/3 of humanity lives in countries where there is a constant shortage of food. That is why the food problem should be considered global.
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Of course, it should be borne in mind that for the countries of the North, the phenomenon of hunger and malnutrition as a whole is no longer typical. These countries now produce and consume more than ¾ of the world's food, although they are home to less than 15% of the world's population. In most developed countries, the average caloric intake exceeds 3000 kcal/day. On the contrary, in these countries there are more and more overeating people with excessive body weight. In the countries of the South, despite a noticeable increase in the average calorie intake, this indicator barely falls short of the medical norm, and in sub-Saharan Africa it is 2000 kcal / day. That is why, in order to solve food problems, humanity must make fuller use of the resources of crop production, fisheries and animal husbandry. However, it can go in two ways.
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extensive path
The extensive way is to further expand arable, pasture and fishing lands. The area of land suitable for agricultural cultivation on our planet is 3.2-3.4 billion hectares, of which less than half are still used. The main reserves of such lands are in sub-Saharan Africa and in Latin America. However, since all the fertile and conveniently located lands have already been practically developed.
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intensive way
The intensive way is primarily to increase the biological productivity of existing lands. Of decisive importance for it will be biotechnology, the use of new, high-yielding varieties and new methods of tillage, the further development of mechanization, chemicalization, and land reclamation, the history of which dates back several millennia, starting from Mesopotamia, Ancient Egypt, India. Example. Only during the 20th century the area of irrigated land has increased from 40 to 270 million hectares. Today, these lands occupy approximately 20% of cultivated land, but provide 40% of agricultural production.
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Scientists have calculated that in order to provide the population of the Earth with food, it was necessary in the last quarter of the 20th century. to increase the volume of agricultural production by 2 times, and by the middle of the XXI century. 5 times. Calculations show that if the level achieved so far in many developed countries Agriculture was extended to all countries of the world, it would be possible to fully meet the food needs of 10 billion people and even more. Therefore, the intensive way is the main way to solve the food problem of mankind. Even now it provides 9/10 of the total increase in agricultural production.
The essence of the problem. The current demographic situation is a global problem. Rapid population growth is taking place in Asia, Africa and Latin America, while developed countries are experiencing a demographic crisis. Owing to their economic, social and cultural backwardness, the developing countries are least of all able to provide their population doubling every year with food and other material benefits, provide at least a basic education to the younger generation and provide employment to the population of working age. Besides, fast growth population is accompanied by its own specific problems. Has grown significantly economic burden of the disabled population to the able-bodied population, which is now almost 1.5 times higher in these countries than in the industrialized countries.
Research carried out in last years in a number of countries in Asia and Latin America show that where the level of economic and social development the lowest, where the majority of the population is illiterate, the birth rate is very high, although many of them have a policy of birth control, and vice versa, there is a decrease with progressive economic transformations.
Causes of occurrence. providing the entire population with adequate quality housing full employment free access to education and health care (impossible without development national economy on the basis of industrialization and modernization of agriculture, without the development of education and education, solving social issues) Political, national or racial reasons (If in 1970 there were 2 million refugees in the world, then in 1992 there were 19 million)
Provision of mankind with natural resources and environmental pollution (“pressure” on Natural resources, which in some areas has undermined their ability to naturally renew) Space filling (going very quickly, garbage is also multiplying, which makes its shortage even more threatening.) The movement of migrants from labor-surplus countries of the third world to those rich countries where there are few children, elderly pensioners many, and fewer and fewer workers every year (Unable to stop the influx of immigrants into Western Europe from Southeast Europe, North Africa and Turkey.)
Examples of manifestation in economically developed countries. In some developed countries (France, Germany, Denmark, Belgium, Hungary) the number of abortions and infant mortality is increasing, therefore, a policy aimed at increasing fertility is being actively pursued: families with two or more children are provided with good benefits and various benefits. The demographic problem of developed countries also lies in the frequent cases of suicides, both among young people and among the adult population.
International problem solving programs. In 1969, within the framework of the UN, a special UN Fund for activities in the field of population and the holding under its auspices of three World Conferences on Population Problems. The Fund, already at the beginning of its activity, developed the UN program in the field of population, which covered more than 100 countries and included about 1,400 projects. The Program calls for the development of policies and laws that provide better support for the family, which is the basic unit of society, and also contribute to its stability and take into account the diversity of its forms. The issues of fertility, mortality and population growth rates are considered. Issues of urbanization and migration.
Thus, the potential danger of modern demographic situation is not simply and not so much that in the next two decades the world's population will increase by almost 1.5 times, but that there will be a new billion starving, a billion unemployed people in cities, one and a half billion destitute people, living below the poverty line. Such a situation would be fraught with deep economic, social and political upheavals both within individual countries and in the international arena.
The content of the work The essence of the demographic problem The essence of the demographic problem The essence of the demographic problem The essence of the demographic problem Causes Causes Causes Dynamics Dynamics Dynamics Current state Current state Current state Current state Ways of solution Ways of solution Ways of solution Ways of solution Conclusions Conclusions List of references List of references List of references List of references
The essence of the demographic problem The essence of the demographic problem of humanity lies in the continuous increase in the number of inhabitants of our planet. But this situation is more dangerous because a huge increase in the number of inhabitants falls on the share of economically backward or developing countries. The essence of the demographic problem of mankind lies in the continuous increase in the number of inhabitants of our planet. But this situation is more dangerous because a huge increase in the number of inhabitants falls on the share of economically backward or developing countries.
Causes of the demographic problem Large contrasts in population distribution and density Large contrasts in population distribution and density Failure of states to implement the necessary demographic and social policies Failure of states to implement the necessary demographic and social policies Economic and political instability in countries experiencing a population explosion Economic and political instability in countries where there is a demographic "explosion" Migration Migration
The current state of the demographic problem The rate of increase in world population growth is not declining, but rather increasing, and according to UN experts, by 2025 the world's population may reach 8.5 billion people. The rate of increase in world population growth is not declining, but rather increasing, and according to UN experts, by 2025 the world's population may reach 8.5 billion people.
Ways to solve the demographic problem Resist in a complex set of social and economic tasks They run into a complex set of social and economic tasks Joint actions of all the states of the world Joint actions of all the states of the world Raising the standard of living of the population (in developing countries) Raising the standard of living of the population (in developing countries) State regulation birth rate State regulation of birth rate
Results of the work Demographic problem Environmental pollution Problem of lack of resources Fuel and energy problem Demographic problem - one of the global problems of mankind is closely related to others global issues modernity. Urgent action is needed to remedy the situation.
References Geography textbook grade 10 V.P. Maksakovskiy Geography textbook grade 10 V.P. Maksakovskiy Modern demographics AND I. Kvasha, V.A. Iontseva Modern demography A.Ya. Kvasha, V.A. Iontseva Encyclopedia "Science" Susan McIver Encyclopedia "Science" Susan McIver Network Internet Network Internet
Demogra
fiya
(ancient Greek δῆμος - people, other Greek γράφω - I write) - a science that studies the population
and the laws of its development in the socio-historical conditionality.
Mortality and life expectancy. In 2005, the number of deaths in Russia reached 2303 thousand and, thus, exceeded the number of births by 1.6 times (in 2004 - by 1.5 times), and in 23 subjects Russian Federation this excess was 2.0-2.8 times. Despite the decisive role of the decline in the birth rate in the causes of Russian depopulation, it is worth noting the extremely unfavorable dynamics in relation to mortality. Losses Russian population at the moment, to a large extent due to the phenomenal mortality rate by European standards. At the beginning of the 21st century, Russia is characterized by extremely low life expectancy and lags behind in this indicator from the ten most developed countries in the world for men (58.8 years) and women (72 years). Up to 80% of deaths in Russia are due to cardiovascular diseases, malignant neoplasms, alcohol poisoning and injuries. A special place in the structure of Russian mortality is occupied by unnatural causes. Totally agree last year about 40 thousand people died as a result of traffic injuries, 36 thousand people became victims of alcohol poisoning, 35.5 thousand died from murders and 46 thousand from suicides.
