"Economic Growth and Development" in 1
1*
Factors of production
FACTORS OF PRODUCTIONCHARACTERISTIC
The amount of material and Money used to produce economic goods
Earth
All types natural resources available on the planet and suitable for the production of economic benefits
Answer: _________________________
2* . Find a concept that generalizes to all the other concepts in the series below, and write downfigure under which it is listed.
1) earth, 2) labor resources. 3) factors of production, 4) capital, 5) information. 6) entrepreneurial abilities.
Answer: _________
3*. Below is a list of terms. All of them, with the exception of two, characterize the factors of production.
1) entrepreneurship, 2) labor, 3) securities, 4) exchange rate, 5) capital, 6) land
Find two terms that “fall out” of the general series, and write down the numbers under which they are indicated in response. Answer: _____________
7**. Select correct judgments about economic growth and development and write down the numbers under which they are indicated.
1) Economic growth refers to an increase in the amount of money in circulation.
2) One of the indicators of economic growth is the increase in real gross domestic product.
3) With the transition to a post-industrial society, the production of goods, rather than services, becomes a priority.
4) Extensive economic growth is achieved through the development of technology.
5) Intensive economic growth is associated with an increase in labor productivity.
Answer: _____
8** . Establish a correspondence between the examples and the factors of economic growth that they illustrate: for each position given in the first column, select the corresponding position from the second column.
EXAMPLESA) Construction of new enterprises
B) Replacing obsolete equipment with more modern one
C) Increase in the number of employees of the enterprise
D) Retraining of workers
E) Expansion of sown areas
FACTORS OF ECONOMIC GROWTH
1) extensive
2) intense
9** . In company Za strategic direction was adopted to open a new direction for the production of household appliances. Look in the list below for confirmation that we are talking about the intensive economic growth of this enterprise. write downnumbers under which they are listed.
1) use of modern computer technologies
2) purchase at a significant discount of a batch of equipment of the past generation
3) increase in the scale of production due to the opening of new workshops
4) investment in innovative developments
5) professional development of employees
6) increase in labor productivity
Answer: ___________
12* . Sociological services of countries Z and Y conducted a public opinion poll. The survey participants were asked the question: "What way of increasing labor productivity do you consider the most effective?". The results of the surveys (in % of the number of respondents) are presented in the form of a diagram.
1) The importance of modernization of production as an effective way to increase labor productivity is higher for those surveyed in country Z than for those surveyed in country Y.
2) The proportion of those who consider the development of employee initiative an effective way to increase labor productivity is higher among those surveyed in country Y than among those surveyed in country Z.
3) The proportion of those who consider wage increases as an effective way to increase labor productivity is higher among those surveyed in country Z than among those surveyed in country Y.
4) Respondents from both countries equally note the improvement of the skills of workers as the most effective way to increase labor productivity.
5) Half of the surveyed countries Y consider raising wages as the most effective way to increase labor productivity.
Answer: ________
25*** . What is the meaning of social scientists in the concept of "factors of production"? Drawing on the knowledge of the social science course, make two sentences: one sentence containing information about the main factors of production, and one sentence revealing the limitations of any factor of production.
26***. AT market economy with a certain frequency, there are ups and downs in production and business activity. Give three explanations of the reasons for the cyclical development of the economy in market conditions. Please specify any of these reasons.
27*** . During the discussion, the opinion was expressed that the extensive path of economic development has exhausted itself. Using social science knowledge and the facts of public life, give two arguments in support and one argument in refutation of this opinion.
Test "Economic growth and development" in 2
1* . Write down the missing word in the table.
The economic growth
Increasing the internal gross product by expanding the scale of production
Increasing GDP through production efficiency
Answer: ___________________
2*. Find a term that generalizes to all the other concepts in the series below, and write down the number under which it is indicated.
1) stagnation, 2) economic cycle, 3) economic crisis, 4) economic recovery, 5) recession.
Answer: ______________
3* . Below are some terms. All of them, with the exception of two, relate to the concept of "factors of production"
1) labor, 2) demand, 3) entrepreneurial ability, 4) capital, 5) land, 6) equilibrium price
Find two terms that “fall out” from the general series, and write them down in the numbers under which they are indicated. Answer: ________________
7** . Choose the correct statements about economic development and write down the numbers under which they are indicated.
1) The economic development of the country is influenced by the historical and geographical conditions of its existence.
2) For economic development different countries there are no uniform rules.
3) One of the indicators of the economic development of society is the sectoral structure of the economy.
4) Economic development is characterized by both positive and negative dynamics of the economy.
5) The volume of GDP per capita characterizes the economic potential of the country.
Answer: _____________
8** . Establish a correspondence between the examples and the factors of economic growth that they illustrate: for each position given in the first column, select the corresponding position from the second column
EXAMPLESA) increase in acreage
B) the use of modern agricultural technologies
C) retraining of farm workers
D) construction additional enterprises
D) increase in the number of service personnel
FACTORS OF ECONOMIC GROWTH
1) extensive
2) intense
Write in the table the selected numbers under the corresponding letters.
9. Find manifestations of intensive economic growth in the list below. Write down the numbers under which they are indicated.
1) rational organization of production
2) increase interest rate on credit
3) the introduction of a more productive technological line
4) exploration of new deposits of non-ferrous metals
5) training of personnel in new methods of information processing
12* . Scientists studied the consumer behavior of residents of countries Z and Y under conditions economic crisis. The bar graph shows data (in % of the number of respondents) on how consumer demand has changed during the year.
Find in the list of conclusions that can be drawn from the diagram, and write down the numbers under which they are indicated.
1. The share of those who began to buy products of cheaper brands is larger in country Z than in country Y.
2. Equal shares of respondents in both surveys noted that they refused to buy some products.
3. The share of those who began to buy fewer products, go to the store less often, in country Z is greater than in country Y.
4. Among those surveyed in country Z, the share of those who refused to buy some products is larger than the share of those who believed that the crisis did not affect consumer demand.
5. Among those surveyed in country Y, the proportion of those who began to buy fewer products, began to go to the store less often, is greater than the proportion of those who buy products of cheaper brands.
Answer: _______
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25***. What is the meaning of social scientists in the concept of "economic growth"? Drawing on the knowledge of the social science course, make up two sentences: one sentence containing information on economic growth indicators, and one sentence containing information on the growth rate.
26*** . Name any two factors of economic growth and reveal the mechanism of action of each of them.
27*** . For forty years from 1950 to 1990, world grain production tripled: from 630 to 19170 million tons. At the same time, the sown area did not increase. By 2025 is expected world production grain at the level of 4000 million tons. What path of development of agricultural production do these data indicate? On what basis did you define it? Specify any other feature of this path of economic development.
<...>.
<...>.
(AL. Kaigorodtsev)
21.
22.
23
24
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In extensive agriculture, based on minimizing land and production costs, the use of soil and climatic resources is maximized. With such an orientation, extensive farming does not contribute to the greening of the production process. On the contrary, the formation of crops is based, first of all, on the wasteful use of the natural fertility of the soil, which leads to their depletion.<...>.
World experience shows that the intensive path of transformation in agriculture is currently the main one. Back in 1960-1980, the increase in world cereal production by 1/5 was due to the expansion of areas, and by 4/5 - as a result of increased yields. In economically developed countries, this share was 86% (in Western Europe- 100%), and in developing countries- 77% (in Africa and Latin America 46-48%).
With intensive farming, only 10% of the crop is formed due to the natural fertility of the soil. Intensification and, above all, optimization of nutrition "soften", but do not exclude the influence of hydrometeorological conditions on the productivity of crops. Fertilizers and plant protection products ensure the formation of the crop by almost 50%. If we add to this the increase in yield due to the use of intensive varieties and seeds of high standards, it turns out that up to 3/4 of the yield is determined by the considered intensification factors. At the same time, the productivity of arable land should be at least 40-50 centners per hectare. This per hectare fee is fully consistent with the expected global grain production in 2025 at about 4 billion tons.
The situation with the supply of mankind with the necessary amount of food already in the second half of the 20th century. could become catastrophic if agrarian science did not find and implement ways to significantly and quickly increase crop yields based on the intensification of agriculture<...>.
At the same time, when assessing the possibilities of an intensive path of agricultural development, it must be taken into account that the potential of traditional ways of intensifying agricultural production has already been largely exhausted. The prospects for intensification, first of all, are connected with the technological revolution that agriculture is experiencing in the economically developed countries of the West, primarily the United States.
(AL. Kaigorodtsev)
21. Name two ways of development of agriculture that the author compares. Which one is currently the main one? Formulate in one sentence its distinctive feature.
22. Name any three factors for increasing agricultural production given in the text
23 . What contribution of science to the solution of the food problem is mentioned in the text? What is the role of agricultural science in relation to agriculture? Bring any own example implementation of this role by science.
24 . The author connects the prospects for intensification with the technological revolution that the economy of the economically developed countries of the West is going through. Based on the knowledge gained, indicate how this revolution manifests itself. (Name any three manifestations)
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Read the text and complete tasks 21-24FACTORS OF ECONOMIC GROWTH OF THE SIBERIAN REGIONS
(on the example of the Omsk region)
In the fragment of text below, the author analyzes the development of Siberia under the conditions of the administrative-command system in the 1980s.
Many examples can be cited when the “strength” of this or that department, its desire to consider the territory only as a testing ground for its own development, took precedence over regional interests and, as a result, led to serious negative consequences at the regional level. Yes, intensive development big industry(engineering, petrochemistry, thermal power engineering) within the city of Omsk alone led to its hypertrophy. From this, a number of environmental problems, problems of developing social and industrial infrastructure, etc. arose as a natural consequence, which the state was in no hurry to solve, and the region could not independently. Despite the rapid growth regional economy and a higher “return” (in the 1980s, output per unit area in the Omsk region was 60% higher than the all-Union one; the degree of employment in national economy also exceeded the average for the country), the population of the region had a relatively lower standard of living and level of social protection than in the country as a whole. Thus, the difficult environmental situation was not compensated by the development of health care. In 1986, the budget expenditures in this direction in the region per inhabitant were 2.17 times less than in the country as a whole.
Western Siberia has become the area of origin of the most massive and relatively distant traffic flows, among which fuel and raw materials supplies to the European part of the country dominate. By 1985, traffic from Western Siberia to the Urals, the Center and other economic regions of the European part of the country was dozens of times higher than the average flow in exchange economic regions USSR. In fact, the state, by the measures of its policy, actively developing Siberia, still considered it only as a resource and production base.
(V. ALESHCHENKO. FACTORS OF ECONOMIC GROWTH OF THE SIBERIAN REGIONS (on the example of the Omsk region) Proceedings of Volny economic society, 2008)
21 . What indicators does the author use to analyze the consequences of the economic growth of the Omsk region? (List three of them.)
23 . Under the conditions of administrative command economy the interests of the development of a particular region often gave way to narrow departmental goals. What problems caused the intensive development of the Omsk region in the 1980s? Name any two problems identified by the author and specify any of them with an example.
24 . The author of the article emphasizes that in the development of Siberia, the emphasis was placed on the resource-industrial policy, while social measures lagged behind. Based on the knowledge of the economic course, name three areas of expenditure state budget contributing to the development of the social sphere.
Test No. 1 on the topic "Economic growth" 1 option
1. Find in the list of operations that should be taken into account when calculating GDP, and write down the numbers under which they are indicated
1) payment for the services of a beauty salon 2) unemployment benefits
3) purchase of a "pirated" edition 4) composer's fee
5) purchase of corporate bonds
2. Find examples in the list below that illustrate the extensive factors of economic growth. Write down the numbers under which they are indicated.
1) expansion of the taxi fleet
2) advanced training of health workers
3) creation automated system phone call handling
4) introduction of energy saving technologies
5) putting into operation an additional assembly line at the factory
6) increase in oil production
3. Find the factors of intensive economic growth in the list below. Write down the numbers under which they are indicated.
1) development of virgin and fallow lands
3) introduction of new technologies 4) increase in capital investments
5) attraction of additional labor force 6) rational distribution of resources
4. Select the correct judgments about economic growth and development and write down the numbers under which they are indicated.
1) Economic growth refers to an increase in the amount of money in circulation.
2) One of the indicators of economic growth is the increase in real gross domestic product.
3) With the transition to a post-industrial society, the production of goods, rather than services, becomes a priority.
4) Extensive economic growth is achieved through the development of technology.
5) Intensive economic growth is associated with an increase in labor productivity.
5. Select the correct judgments about economics as a science and write down the numbers under which they are indicated.
1) One of the subjects of study of macroeconomics are the problems of interaction between consumers and producers in market conditions.
2) Microeconomics studies the role of the state in regulating the economy.
3) Economics as a science studies the ways of managing, the relationship between economic entities.
4) Scientists study both the general patterns of the functioning of the economy and the local problems of running a market economy.
5) Economics as a science originated in ancient times.
6. Country Z is going through a difficult period in the economy. What facts indicate that the country is experiencing an economic recession? Write down the numbers under which they are indicated.
1) The country has a high level of employment.
2) Banks cut consumer lending.
3) In production, there is a decrease in production capacity.
4) There is a steady growth in GDP.
5) The quality of life of the population shows the highest level over the past decade.
7. Establish a correspondence between the types of economic growth and concrete examples, illustrating them:
EXAMPLES TYPES OF ECONOMIC GROWTH
A) The tea company hired an additional number of 1) extensive
women to collect tea leaves on their plantations 2) intensive
B) An oil producing company has begun developing a new
oil fields, depleting the old
C) A vegetable farm hired a temporary worker during the summer
students and students to collect cucumbers and zucchini
D) A Japanese firm modernized a car assembly line
E) Due to the use of innovative technologies at the enterprise, labor productivity has significantly increased
Test No. 1 on the topic "Economic growth" Option 2
1. Find in the list the incomes taken into account when calculating the Gross Domestic Product (GDP), and write down the numbers under which they are indicated.
1) income from the sale of cookies in a private confectionery
2) income from the resale of a used tablet
3) income received from the delivery of scrap metal
4) income from the sale of a batch of new computers
5) income from the sale of vegetables grown by the farmer
6) income from the sale of a batch of counterfeit goods
2. Find the factors of extensive economic growth in the list below. Write down the numbers under which they are indicated.
1) development of virgin and fallow lands
2) professional development of employees
3) introduction of new technologies
4) increase in capital investment
5) attraction of additional workers
6) rational distribution of resources
3. Choose the correct judgments about economics as a science and write down the numbers under which they are indicated .
1) Economics as a science is illustrated by the study of how scarce resources are used.
2) The economy as a science is illustrated by the production of food industry goods.
3) Economics acts as a science in the process of introducing new technologies in agriculture.
4) Economics as a science includes a body of knowledge about the economy and related activities of people.
5) Economics as a science includes material and non-material production.
4. Select the correct judgments about economic growth and write down the numbers under which they are indicated.
1) GDP growth always indicates economic growth in the country.
2) The availability of higher quality natural resources is both a condition and an indicator of extensive economic growth.
3) The need to attract additional workers indicates extensive economic growth.
4) Scientific organization of labor is an indicator of intensive economic growth.
5) Intensive economic growth can be judged by the improvement
5. Choose from the list of factors of intensive economic growth and write down the numbers under which they are indicated.
1) introduction of energy-saving technologies
2) professional development of employees
3) expansion of sown areas
4) attraction of additional financing
5) rational distribution of resources
6. Country N is in a recession. What facts from the above list testify to this? Write down the numbers under which they are indicated.
1) There is an increase in the income of the population in the country.
2) Manufacturers prefer not to invest in long-term projects.
3) Statistical services ascertain the growth of unemployment, especially among young people.
4) The number of commercial banks is growing in the country.
5) GDP per capita has grown by 4% over the past three years.
6) Banks are short of cash.
7. Establish a correspondence between the factors of economic growth and specific examples illustrating them:
EXAMPLES FACTORS OF ECONOMIC GROWTH
A) increase in the number of service personnel 1) intensive
B) retraining of employees of the enterprise 2) extensive
B) construction of new power plants
D) replacement of obsolete equipment with a more modern one
D) expansion of sown areas
Section 1. Man and economy. Topic 2. // Economic growth and development. Option 1.
Choice questions
1. Specify the factor constraining economic growth
1) a decrease in prices for production resources;
2) reduction of income taxes;
3) improvement of technology and organization of production;
4) increase in the degree of monopolization of markets.
2. To internal (endogenous) causes economic cycles does not apply
1) patterns of functioning of the monetary system;
2) interaction with other countries;
3) fluctuations in labor supply and wages;
4) the frequency of renewal of fixed production assets.
3. Are the following statements about the purpose of economic growth correct?
A. The purpose of economic growth is to increase the material well-being of the population.
B. The purpose of economic growth is to maintain national security.
4. Are the following judgments about the crisis of overproduction correct?
1) only A is true; 2) only B is true; 3) both judgments are true; 4) both judgments are wrong.
5. In the country of N. there was an expansion of production to its pre-crisis level. intensified financial activities. There is a reduction in unemployment. A cyclical increase in prices and interest rates began, caused by the growth of economic activity. What phase of the cycle is typical for the economy of the country N.?
1) rise; 2) recession; 3) depression; 4) revival.
6. In the economy of the country S. progressive technologies are used, which is one of the critical factors economic growth. What additional information will allow us to conclude that there is an intensive type of economic growth in country C.?
Short answer questions.
Factors of economic growth
2) intensive
B) increasing the level of education and skills of workers C) increasing the volume of investments using unchanged equipment and technologies D) increasing the efficiency of using labor force E) increasing the number of employed workers 3. Find the internal (endogenous) causes of economic cycles in the list below and write down the numbers under by which they are indicated: 1) migration of the population; 2) monetary policy governments; 3) a reduction in production caused by an increase in the volume of marketable products; 4) revolutions and other political events; 5) change in the ratio of aggregate supply and aggregate demand; 6) changes in technology, inventions, innovations. Section 1. Man and the economy. Topic 2. // Economic growth and development. Option 2.
Choice questions
1. Recurring ups and downs in economic activity over a number of years, differing from each other in duration and intensity, are called
1) economic development; 3) economic cycle;
2) economic growth; 4) macroeconomic balance.
2. Factors contributing to economic growth include (-s)
1) the growth of entrepreneurial abilities in society;
2) increase in prices for production resources;
3) reducing the possibility of obtaining a loan;
4) all of the above.
3. Are the following judgments about the crisis of overproduction correct?
A. The crisis of overproduction can serve as the basis for economic renewal and the rise of production to a higher level.
B. The crisis of overproduction leads only to devastating consequences for the economy.
1) only A is true; 2) only B is true; 3) both judgments are true; 4) both judgments are wrong.
4. Are the following statements about how to measure economic growth correct?
A. The way to measure economic growth is the growth rate of real GDP.
B. A way to measure economic growth is the rate of increase in GDP per capita.
1) only A is true; 2) only B is true; 3) both judgments are true; 4) both judgments are wrong.
5. The country's economy uses progressive technologies, which is one of the most important factors in economic growth. What additional information will allow us to conclude that there is an intensive type of economic growth in country C.?
1) new deposits are being developed;
2) the redistribution of resources is carried out;
3) additional workers are being hired;
4) the area of cultivated land is increasing.
6. The economy of the country of G. is characterized by the growth of wages, the expansion of consumer demand. The opening of new businesses. What additional information will allow us to conclude that a phase of economic growth is taking place in country G.?
1) rising prices for goods; 3) reduction of production investments;
2) rising unemployment; 4) decrease in demand for credit.
Short answer questions.
Write down the word missing in the fragment of the table.
Factors of economic growth
Name of the factor Their composition
Labor The number of able-bodied population, the level of education of people, their qualifications, health status, nature of work
… Buildings, machines, equipment, money, materials.
2. Establish a correspondence between the factors of economic growth and its paths: for each position given in the first column, select the corresponding position from the second column.
Factors of economic growth Ways of economic growth
A) elimination of resource losses 1) extensive
2) intensive
B) increasing the level of education and skills of workers C) increasing the volume of investments using unchanged equipment and technologies D) increasing the efficiency of using labor force E) increasing the number of employed workers 3. Find the internal (endogenous) causes of economic cycles in the list below and write down the numbers under by which they are indicated:
1) population migration; 2) the monetary policy of the government; 3) a reduction in production caused by an increase in the volume of marketable products; 4) revolutions and other political events; 5) change in the ratio of aggregate supply and aggregate demand; 6) changes in technology, inventions, innovations.
Section 1. Man and economy. Topic 2. // Economic growth and development. Choice questions
Option 1.
Questions with a choice of answers.
1.4
2.2
3.3
4.1
5.4
6.2
Short answer questions.
1. capital
2. 22121
3. 235
Option 2.
Questions with a choice of answers.
1.3
2.1
3.1
4.3
5.2
6.1
Short answer questions.
1. capital
2. 22121
3. 235
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