So, the first issue that can be solved when choosing a house with a basement is the unloading of the upper floors from premises that do not have a direct residential purpose. In fact, you get an additional floor for storing household items, food, tools, communication nodes and other needs. If the groundwater on your site is deep, the basement will cost less than a full one. But at high level groundwater house designs with ground floor it is irrational to choose, since the construction of such a building will be more expensive.
Another useful function of the basement, maybe not entirely relevant for our natural conditions. Nevertheless, one should not discount the fact that the presence of such premises gives the owners of the house a sense of security in the event of a natural or man-made disaster. The one who has his own reliable shelter at his disposal feels much calmer, although this criterion is unlikely to become the main one by which you evaluate the projects of houses with a basement.
Such buildings, of course, have their own weak sides. However, with timely care to reduce them to a minimum, you can eventually get the comfortable, cozy and safe housing that you have always dreamed of. For example, in the basement there is either no natural light at all, or very little light comes in. Considering the projects of houses with a basement, it is very important to check with the architect how this problem is solved.
If you order an individual project, you will have to discuss all these issues with the designer before starting work. In addition, a qualified specialist will necessarily rely on the results of a soil study. Perhaps it is because of these results that the basement will have to be abandoned in favor of a conventional structure. If a company offers you ready-made projects of houses with a basement, not in accordance with the conclusions on your site, it is better to refuse to cooperate with such a company.
The basement floor is the floor below the level of the dwelling. Typically, such premises are used for technical needs. The main difference between the basement and the basement is the height of the walls of the basement and should be at least 180 cm. According to the documents, the basement is considered above-ground, and the house will be considered two-story.
The benefits include:
The disadvantages may be as follows:
Most often, a building is designed from top to bottom: the most significant is residential part building, and the project of the basement floor is adjusted under it. The plan of the walls of the basement must match the plan of the walls of the first floor, since the structure will be the carrier.
A few tips:
It is far from always that construction is carried out on perfectly flat land; projects for sites with slopes are somewhat different from the usual ones.
In the process of building on a slope, the following nuances should be considered:
By design, the foundation of the basement floor differs little from houses, the design of which does not take into account the presence of semi-basement or basement premises. When laying, its sole is located a few centimeters below the floor mark.
The ground floor is important part foundation. As a rule, construction is carried out using monolithic reinforced concrete slabs, which make the foundation hardy and stable. In the event that the foundation and walls are built from prefabricated concrete blocks and there are problems with the soil, they must be installed on reinforced concrete pads.
If the soil is dry, for the construction of walls it is necessary to take lightweight blocks. In addition, it is necessary to take into account the need for natural ventilation - there should be sufficient ventilation holes in the basement to help rid the lower floor of mold and dampness.
The convenience of the house largely depends on its layout and location on the site. The most common option is rectangular house without protruding architectural elements.
One of the important factors is the position relative to the cardinal points. On the north side, it is better to leave a blank wall, and the windows should face the southwest and southeast sides. This will provide the room with enough light and keep warm in winter.
It is better to plan the interior arrangement “for the future”: sooner or later the family may become larger, and additional rooms will be needed.
Choosing a project is the very first step towards your dream home. Before you settle on any one option, you need to consider many factors. Remember that it is impossible to significantly change the project during the construction process.
First of all, it is worth deciding on the number of necessary premises. How many bedrooms are needed? Do you need a workspace? Will you need a separate dining room, or a large enough spacious kitchen? During planning, it is worth considering the arrangement of the basement: a dressing room, storage room or workshop can be moved from the living area to the basement.
Think about the layout of the house: how many exits should there be? Where will they be? Which rooms should be adjacent, and which should be located as far apart as possible? If this causes any difficulties, you can find ready-made ones on the Internet. standard projects and choose the ones that look like your dream home.
Demand for ready-made standard projects remains stably high. An individual project, of course, will be developed taking into account all your desires, but this takes time and additional funds.
Many construction companies We are ready to provide a variety of ready-made projects, taking into account the different features of the sites. In some cases, revision may be required, but in any case it will be cheaper than a project from scratch.
Project one-story house and with the basement
Check out our guide to .
You need to start with an assessment of the quality of the soil: the cut of the earth is examined after preparing a trench of sufficient depth. Sandy light soil without large parts of clay is ideal.
A pit breaks out under the house, after which you can proceed to the arrangement of the base - a thick screed. The thickness of the structure depends on the total weight of the building. The standard thickness of the base is 10 cm, but again it is necessary to take into account the quality of the soil: if the soil is incompressible, “pillows” must be placed under the walls of the basement. After determining the thickness, you can start pouring the screed.
Advice: pouring the basement takes place with a continuous supply of concrete, it is necessary to use concrete with hydroshrinkage, without a porous structure.
The perimeter of the house is laid with foundation blocks (more about), and it is important to ensure that they fit snugly together. Also make sure that there are holes for pipes, windows and wiring. The blocks are bonded with cement mortar.
After communications (water, gas, electricity) are brought to the house, only the installation of doors and windows remains. The last step is the exterior and interior decoration.
A few tips:
When choosing a house project for yourself, you will probably proceed from considerations of rational use of space and your own financial capabilities. In this case, we advise you to take a closer look at the projects of houses with a basement.
What exactly is a basement? This is a room whose floor mark is below the ground mark. That is, part of its outer walls is in the soil and rests on the foundation.
It is better to build such a house on a small plot with difficult terrain, when it is not possible to build a house in several full floors.
Summarize. Of course, there will be certain expenses for the basement. But, firstly, they are not commensurate with the construction of a full-fledged ground floor. And, secondly, you get a huge win in the form of additional square meters useful area, which you can use at your discretion.
The basement is a large underground room, usually in small private houses, which can be planned and used at your own discretion. When laying the foundation of a house or building, in most cases, construction is carried out above the ground, where there is less impact of soil freezing, which allows. But do not confuse such a room with a basement.
Most people, when they are told about the basement, immediately imagine a damp, poorly lit room, in which it is very difficult and dangerous to stay for a long time. In fact, this is a common misconception, since in modern houses the basement structures are located slightly above ground level, which provides protection from high levels of humidity and freezing.
Moreover, you can take care of this during the construction of the house itself, choosing the height of the zero room that you need. If you want to get a higher than standard ceiling in your building, then you can deepen the basement floor, which will help you adjust the height to your requirements. There are several standard benefits that can be put to good use:
If you have a lower floor, which is considered a basement, then you can embody a variety of interesting ideas there:
In most cottages where it is planned to build a basement, there is a staircase, thanks to which it is possible to rise or fall inside the cottage to the lower level of the house. Such a staircase is a zone of increased danger, so you need to make sure that its march is at least 90-100 centimeters, and the width has a limit of at least 30 centimeters.
In order for the basement to have good protection against moisture, you need to take care of this in advance and choose the option that suits your home. The need for waterproofing in such premises is very high and does not depend on how deep your floor is planted, where the groundwater is located, or how often it rains in your area. In any case, there should be good protection against moisture, especially when located in the basement of a garage house.
Ground floor layout option with sauna, billiards and cellar In most cases, the walls of such a floor are made of a material stronger than brick. These include concrete or iron walls. But in some cases, based on the layout, it may be allowed to use any other materials comparable in strength to the above-mentioned analogues. Using different materials, you will receive not only different protection against moisture, cold, but also different costs for the purchase of material.
Before planning a ground floor device, you need to know about the groundwater level. Basically, they do not exceed in height more than 180 centimeters and depend on underground rivers. To provide protection from moisture, you can use a sand cushion with a small addition of gravel. This option is relevant with good soil density.
Scheme of the device of the ground floor If the land on the site is loose and wet, then in this case it is necessary to build a concrete foundation, which will later serve as a good basis for the walls of the building.
The ground floor is an excellent option for the location of a gas boiler, which in some cases is prohibited from being installed in residential buildings and apartments.
Most of the layouts initially provide for the presence of toilet rooms, storage rooms and baths, which can then be placed by residents. Such opportunities are extremely necessary and useful in the economy of any person.
If your plans include installing a garage instead of a basement, then take care of good insulation from moisture. This option is possible if the plan of this room provided for the placement of cars in advance.
Basement waterproofing scheme You also need to know that placing the car under your residential building, you can expose your family to a polluted environment. The most significant unpleasant problem of placing a garage in the basement is the presence of unpleasant odors, which are subsequently very difficult to remove.
Also consider: if your basement is located below the ground, then there is the possibility that the entrance will have a slight slope, which can affect the entry and exit of cars. Such a nuisance will be especially sensitive during winter, ice or rain.
The construction of any object begins with the design. This is a complex and responsible stage, on which the strength, reliability of the structure, as well as the comfort of its inhabitants will largely depend. The design of the living space should be as convenient, compact and ergonomic as possible, especially if the construction is planned on a small land plot. The projects of houses with a basement, described in the article, will help solve this problem.
As a rule, with a basement, they are used in small areas or to increase the living space of a small house.
Design residential buildings- this is not only the quadrature and size of the area of \u200b\u200bthe rooms, but also the definition of the general design of the future building. The presence of a basement or basement, as well as their absence, must be provided for by the project. After all, the building itself includes above-ground and underground parts. The floor on the basement floor is located below ground level, and its height reaches a maximum of 160 cm, which is almost half the size of a normal floor.
The presence of a basement in a private house adds useful living space, which is equal in size to the whole house. This advantage allows you to more rationally use the area around the house and save on the construction of utility rooms. Thus, in a house of 10x10 m, another 100 m2 of usable territory are bonus.
Another positive factor is that the basement serves as a rational solution in houses located on sites with large slopes. In this version, the minus of the relief turns into a plus. A basement that is completely above the ground on at least one side can serve as an excellent place to place the entrance to the house. The basement floor is a way out of the situation when different reasons construction of additional floors is not allowed.
Useful advice! To simplify the work in choosing a future home, taking into account all the taste characteristics of the owners, ready-made projects of houses with a basement will help. There are many photo examples on the Internet.
Another advantage of a house with a basement floor is its intended purpose. It can serve to accommodate not only living rooms, but also utility rooms. In modern construction, the design of recreation areas has become especially popular. Most often, the basement is used to accommodate:
Less commonly, in a house project with a basement, a kitchen or a bathroom is placed on the lower floor. Quite often, such a room is used to store garden and garden tools, various seasonal items, for example, intended for hiking and fishing. At a stable average temperature of +15 ° C, food, preservation, and fresh vegetables can be well stored here. Wealthy owners often place wine cellars here.
The number of rooms on the ground floor may vary and may not always match the number on the main floor. Also, there may be several utility rooms at once, for example, a garage and a workshop or a sauna with a swimming pool.
Basement floors are becoming more and more popular in modern construction
Before making a final decision regarding the construction of a residential building and the feasibility of placing a basement floor, both a number of positive and negative factors should be taken into account. The advantages of such a structure include:
Important! Experienced builders do not recommend including a basement in the project in areas where there are melt, rain or groundwater flooding. In order to ensure the normal operation of the premises, it is necessary to take care of the installation of a special drainage system which may result in significant additional costs.
Despite the long list of positive aspects, it should also be noted a number of disadvantages associated with the presence of a basement in the building. These include:
Even before creating a project, you need to carefully consider all the nuances, take into account a number of features and approach thoroughly the construction of a house with a basement or basement. The predetermining factor is the type of soil on which the construction of the building is planned.
It is difficult to build facilities below ground level on rocky or sandy ground. Difficulties will also arise when the soil is saturated with groundwater. In some cases, the idea of building even a one-story house with a basement should be abandoned altogether. Ideally, for this type of construction, sands and groundwater should lie at a depth of more than 1.5 m. Otherwise, one cannot do without the advice of highly qualified specialists.
Builders even before the start of work in without fail carry out a number of geodetic measures, including the study of the terrain and the determination of the depth of the aquifer. If groundwater is above the specified level, then the construction of the basement is not excluded, but becomes more voluminous and costly, which is associated with the creation of reliable waterproofing protection. In this case, it is easier to order the construction of a turnkey basement floor, taking into account geodetic research and design.
The listed factors usually take into account finished projects of residential buildings with a basement. If you strictly follow the project documentation recommendations, it is even possible to build a basement yourself.
In constructive terms, the construction of a basement floor is in many ways similar to the process of making a foundation, which includes 2 stages:
Useful advice! Order the development of project documentation or buy finished project follows in companies specializing in their creation, whose activities are time-tested. It is the firm that is fully responsible for the developed documentation. Reliable partners will ensure not only the reliability and quality of construction, but also the comfort of living, as well as the cost-effectiveness of work.
In addition to these factors, experienced specialists carry out an adaptive check of the building for compliance with certain conditions, taking into account the fact that the usual underground or basement in a private house differs from the basement level in the level of deepening. The floor in a building with a basement goes underground by 1/3 of the height of the floor, and with a basement - by 2/3 or even lower. It should also be noted that the construction of the basement floor provides for the presence of windows that must be placed above the ground.
An important factor in the construction of buildings with a plinth is its waterproofing. In this matter, savings, and even more neglect, are unacceptable, since being in damp rooms is not only uncomfortable, but also very harmful to health. All of these nuances should be taken into account at the planning stage (they are usually taken into account by architects when creating projects).
There are many options for building houses with a basement. Its absence or presence, the materials used, the number of floors and rooms are the main components of the price of general construction. Thus, the following factors influence the cost of building a residential building:
Related article:
Distinctive features buildings. Key points when designing. The choice of material and type of roofing. Variants of projects of houses.
With the construction of the basement, the entire construction process begins. He is given special attention, since the condition of the entire building will depend on the quality and strength of the basement. It is he who will support the weight of the entire main building.
It should be noted that the cost of construction work is affected by the material of manufacture. For the construction of basements, the same materials are usually used as for creating a conventional foundation for a house with a basement. These are bricks, expanded clay concrete slabs, gas or foam blocks. Do not do without logs and beams. The cost of a typical project may increase subject to a number of changes.
Typical projects of houses with a basement are separate category, ranging from projects of houses with a basement, one-story, two-story buildings, with or without a garage, ending with complex drawings of houses with an attic.
Such a building is a way out of a situation where you should save on construction, but increase the usable area of \u200b\u200bhousing. In houses of this type, a diverse arrangement of rooms and utility rooms is permissible. If a country cottage is being built, then they use a simple technology of a deepened foundation of a reinforced structure.
Important! There are no standard designs for houses on slopes and hilly surfaces. They are compiled individually, taking into account the features of the relief and the size of the construction site.
In this case, a tape or monolithic base is used, but they require certain physical and financial costs associated with earthworks and concrete work. Thus, the construction of a foundation with a plinth will be one fifth of the cost of the entire construction.
Underground part in simple projects one-story houses with a basement is (relative to the location of the rooms) a repeat of the scheme of the main room. In more complex designs, the layout can vary significantly. The maximum recess of half a floor has practically no effect on the increase in the overall height of the building. Country cottages with a deep foundation look very solid. Particularly attractive and neat appearance small houses with attic.
Facing material gives the houses a special sophistication. To do this, use decorative plaster, clinker, polymer sand tiles, artificial stone and other finishing materials for outdoor work. One-story buildings with a basement and three living rooms are ideal for a family of three. With a total area of 150 m², the number of households can be much larger. Typical projects and drawings of one-story houses can be found on the Internet.
A small cottage with a garage in the basement is the choice of people seeking convenience, economy and comfort. Additional advantages of such a building are that you do not need to go outside to go to the garage. The temperature regime in the basement, even without heating, is usually much higher than in ordinary garages, which contributes to better car safety.
It should be noted that in terms of practicality, experienced designers prefer houses with an attached garage, above which no other premises are located. This option also saves space and building materials.
To build an ordinary basement in a private house with your own hands is a process possible when taking into account all design features. The construction of a garage in the basement is a more difficult task, requiring the following criteria to be taken into account:
Useful advice! When designing a house with a built-in or attached garage, it is necessary to ensure high-quality ventilation in the room and prevent exhaust gases from entering the living quarters. Good thermal insulation of the room during the construction of foam blocks will be provided by the technology of two-row masonry.
An easy way to increase the area of a residential building is to build an additional floor. Therefore, the projects of a two-story house with a basement are the most popular and convenient options for living. Garage makes it easy to use Vehicle. After all, you don’t need to go in the snow and rain for a car - you just have to go down to the basement.
Type drawings two-storey houses take into account the traditional requirements of the owners. For example, a house with a basement has an area of 11.5 × 12 m. At the same time, the length and width can be shortened, resulting in a building measuring 110 or 100 m². The total area of the building in this case will be about 190 m². Residential - approximately 70 m².
The most common construction material- thermal panels (or clinker). The basis is a strip or monolithic foundation. Retaining and basement walls are made of gas silicate blocks. The internal walls are made of gas silicate blocks with a reinforced reinforcing frame.
Speaking of two-story buildings, their advantage in saving space should be noted. The building can be placed even on a small or narrow section land, respectively, the length of communications is reduced. In addition to the above, it should be noted that two-storey houses warm up quickly. Projects of houses with a basement and an attic contribute to heat saving from below and from above.
The attic automatically turns two-storey house into a three-story building without violating the law prohibiting the construction of private houses higher than two floors. There are many house projects with a basement and an attic. They are easy to find on the Internet.
The main difference between a house with an attic and a three-story cottage is the significantly lower cost of construction. This is an important factor for developers who want to save on materials. Ergonomic options are projects where the ladder occupies a minimum of usable area. Buildings with balconies look original attic floor. The main advantage is an increase in usable area by a third. This is a great place to place a seating area and living room.
The semi-basement makes the house more convenient and functional, which leads to increased convenience and comfort under one roof. The presence of an attic not only complements the useful area of \u200b\u200bthe building, but also serves as a heat-insulating layer for the main floors. Numerous advantages and benefits of houses with a basement, listed in the article, make such structures especially popular, and projects are in demand among architects.
