ultimate goal entrepreneurial activity is to earn economic profit. Therefore, the key category that characterizes the efficiency of the company is profit, which is part of the company's net assets. Net assets allow you to assess the financial condition of the organization.
The net asset value on the balance sheet of an enterprise is the monetary value of a firm's assets less all liabilities.
Data for determining the value of net assets are taken from balance sheet. According to the order of the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation dated August 28, 2014 No. 84n, assets and liabilities taken into account to determine the value of net assets must comply with the requirements of the above standard, as well as the standards of the corresponding RAS.
In this case, the net asset value, according to the formula:
CHA \u003d (A - Ouf - Ra) - (P + T - D);
will be equal to:
12 785 – 12 257 + 18 = 528 (thousand rubles) (an error was made in the report).
It is necessary to compare the value of net assets with the size of the authorized capital when calculating dividends that are payable to shareholders.
If the net assets of the enterprise are less than the minimum allowable value of the authorized capital (for LLC - 10 thousand rubles, for CJSC - 10 thousand rubles, for OJSC - 100 thousand rubles), then such a company is subject to liquidation within the time limits established by law.
But the court may decide that the company can continue its activities even with a negative net assets indicator, if there is evidence that the company is viable, and its violations are either insignificant, or their consequences have been leveled.
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The study of this indicator consists of:
The indicator under consideration serves as a basis for analyzing the profitability of the organization, its liquidity and, in individual cases and prospects for its further development. The value of net assets gives management the opportunity to draw conclusions about the solvency of the enterprise, as well as the prospects for diversification (increasing turnover, or opening a new direction).
What turnover balance sheet? Sample filling and step-by-step instruction on the design of this document contains
A firm's net assets can be increased by taking the following steps:
Obviously, net assets play a crucial role in analyzing the financial condition of a company.
However, do not forget about other financial indicators.. Complete set only financial instruments can give the user detailed and reliable information about the solvency of the organization.
Thus, the role of the indicator under consideration can hardly be overestimated: it reflects the implementation main task entrepreneurial activity - making a profit. The process of calculating this indicator has its own unique characteristics. And its increase can be achieved in different ways.
You can learn about how net assets and company value correlate in the following video tutorial:
Net assets(Eng. Net Assets) - reflect the real value of the property of the enterprise. Net assets are calculated by joint-stock companies, limited liability companies, state-owned enterprises and supervisory authorities. The change in net assets allows you to assess the financial condition of the enterprise, solvency and the level of risk of bankruptcy. The methodology for assessing net assets is regulated by legislative acts and serves as a tool for diagnosing the risk of bankruptcy of companies.
https://youtu.be/3QaxshTzpHc
Net assets - the difference between the value of the company's property and its debt obligations. This indicator can be both positive and negative. If it is greater than zero, it means that the enterprise has enough property to meet its debt obligations, if it is less, there is a shortage. The indicator makes it clear how stable the financial position of the organization is.
A negative indicator is one of the prerequisites for the liquidation of an organization, especially if it is below the minimum allowable amount of authorized capital for the second year in a row (clause 11 of article 35 of the Federal Law of December 26, 1995 N 208-FZ).
The composition of assets includes non-current and current assets, except for the debt of the founders on contributions to the authorized capital and the cost of repurchasing own shares. Liabilities include short-term and long-term liabilities, excluding deferred income. The calculation formula is as follows:
NA - the value of the net assets of the enterprise;
A1 - non-current assets of the enterprise;
A2 - current assets;
ZU - debts of the founders on contributions to the authorized capital;
ZVA - the cost of repurchasing own shares;
P2 - long-term liabilities
P3 - short-term liabilities;
DBP - deferred income.
Having completed the arithmetic calculations, we proceed to the analysis of the result. With a positive amount of net assets in the balance sheet, we can conclude that the company is profitable and has a high solvency. And, accordingly, the higher the indicator, the more profitable the enterprise.
Negative net assets is an indicator of the low solvency of the enterprise. In other words, a company with a negative NA is likely to go bankrupt soon, simply because the company will have nothing to pay off its debts. However, in such a situation, exceptional circumstances must be taken into account. For example, the company has just formed and has not yet covered its costs, or the company has received a large loan for expansion.
The increase in net assets can be carried out by increasing the authorized, reserve or additional capital, or by reducing the debts of the founder to the enterprise.
Consider an example of calculating the value of net assets for the organization OAO Gazprom. To assess the value of net assets, it is necessary to obtain financial statements from the official website of the company. The figure below highlights the balance sheet lines necessary to assess the value of net assets, the data is presented for the period from Q1 2013 to Q3 2019 (as a rule, net assets are assessed annually). The formula for calculating net assets in Excel is as follows:
Net assets =C3-(C6+C9-C8)
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Net assets- this is the value determined by subtracting from the amount of the organization's assets, the amount of its liabilities. Net assets is the amount that will remain to the founders (shareholders) of the organization after the sale of all its assets and the repayment of all debts.
The net asset indicator is one of the few financial indicators, the calculation of which is unambiguously determined by the legislation of the Russian Federation.
Analysis of net assets is carried out in the following tasks:
Solvency is the ability of an enterprise to pay for its obligations in a timely manner and in full. To assess solvency, firstly, a comparison of the value of net assets with the size of the authorized capital is made, and, secondly, an assessment of the trend of change. The figure below shows the dynamics of changes in net assets by quarter.
Analysis of the dynamics of changes in net assets
Solvency and creditworthiness should be separated, since creditworthiness shows the ability of an enterprise to pay off its obligations using the most liquid types of assets (see → How to assess a company's creditworthiness). Whereas solvency reflects the ability to repay debts both with the help of the most liquid assets and those that are slowly sold: machine tools, equipment, buildings, etc. As a result, this may affect the sustainability of the long-term development of the entire enterprise as a whole.
Based on the analysis of the nature of the change in net assets, an assessment of the level of financial condition is made. The table below shows the relationship between the trend in net assets and the level of financial condition.
In addition to the dynamic assessment, the value of net assets for an OJSC is compared with the size of the authorized capital. This makes it possible to assess the risk of bankruptcy of an enterprise (see → 4 bankruptcy assessment models). This comparison criterion is defined in the law of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation (clause 4, article 99 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation; clause 4, article 35 of the Law on joint-stock companies Oh). Failure to comply with this ratio will lead to the liquidation of the enterprise in court. The figure below shows the ratio of net assets and authorized capital. OAO Gazprom's net assets exceed its authorized capital, which eliminates the risk of the company going bankrupt in court.
It is necessary to compare the value of net assets with the size of the authorized capital when calculating dividends that are payable to shareholders.
If the net assets of the enterprise are less than the minimum allowable value of the authorized capital (for LLC - 10 thousand rubles, for CJSC - 10 thousand rubles, for OJSC - 100 thousand rubles), then such a company is subject to liquidation within the time limits established by law.
But the court may decide that the company can continue its activities even with a negative net assets indicator, if there is evidence that the company is viable, and its violations are either insignificant, or their consequences have been leveled.
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Net assets are also analyzed with other economic and financial indicators of the organization. Thus, the growth dynamics of net assets is compared with the dynamics of changes in sales proceeds and net profit. Sales revenue is an indicator reflecting the effectiveness of the sales and production systems of the enterprise. Net profit is the most important indicator of the profitability of the business, it is due to it that the assets of the enterprise are primarily financed. As can be seen from the figure below, net profit decreased in 2014, which in turn affected the value of net assets and financial condition.
You need to calculate net assets for an LLC when:
In joint-stock companies, on the basis of this indicator, the cost of a block of shares of each of its members is also calculated.
AT scientific work Zhdanova I.Yu. shows the existence of a close relationship between the rate of change in the net assets of the enterprise and the value of the international credit rating of such agencies as Moody’s, S&P and Fitch. The slowdown in the economic growth rate of net assets leads to a decrease in the credit rating. This, in turn, leads to a decrease in the investment attractiveness of enterprises for strategic investors.
Summary
The value of net assets is an important indicator of the value of the real property of the enterprise. Analysis of the dynamics of this indicator allows you to assess the financial condition and solvency. The value of net assets is used in regulated normative documents and legislative acts to diagnose the risk of bankruptcy of companies. A decrease in the growth rate of the company's net assets leads to a decrease not only financial stability but also the level of investment attractiveness. Subscribe to express mailing list financial analysis enterprises.
Net current assets is an indicator that is most often used to assess the financial and economic stability of a company in terms of whether it has the resources to pay off current debts, as well as invest in expanding production. The term in question has another common name - net working capital.
Thus, an investor, considering the prospects for investing in a particular company (for example, in an LLC), can also pay attention to net current assets. The formula for calculating those can be supplemented by those that are used to determine the amount of equity capital. The higher both indicators - the more attractive the firm can be for investment.
You must first understand what is usually understood by the assets of the company. international standard financial reporting(IAS) 38 Intangible Assets defines this term as: resources that a company has received in the past but expects to receive some future benefit from them. If this indicator is converted into a monetary equivalent, this will be the book value of the assets.
No company can do without calculating the book value of assets. There are at least two reasons why this should be done. First, if you do not know the value of assets, it will be impossible to find out their profitability. That is, whether the property in which the company has invested brings profit. Secondly, without knowledge of the cost, it will not be possible to evaluate the effectiveness of assets. A more complex term for this indicator is the turnover ratio.
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In others regulations other schemes for calculating the NA are described. For example, in " methodological recommendations” states that the amount of assets should not include such a balance line as “VAT on purchased materials”. The point is that in ch. 21 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation, this amount can be reduced by the taxpayer only if a large number conditions. The same document says that the liabilities involved in the calculation of NA should not include the line “Reserves for future costs”. But according to the conclusion of most economists, this article refers more to own funds than to the obligations of the organization.
Let's look at an example to make everything clear. We have a certain enterprise called Ural LLC. We have a ledger in which, as of 01/01/2016, there are the following indicators:
| Item name | Amount, r |
| Assets | |
| 1. Non-current | 2 000 000 |
| residual value existing assets | 1 000 000 |
| Investments in the unfinished construction of new workshops | 500 000 |
| Available long-term investments | |
| 2. Negotiable | |
| Quantity of raw materials in warehouses | 200 000 |
| Accounts receivable | 400 000 |
| Debts of co-owners | 50 000 |
| Free money on accounts | 500 000 |
| Company liabilities | |
| 3. Company reserves, its capital | |
| Charter capital | 100 000 |
| Company's retained earnings | 1 000 000 |
| 4. Long-term commitments | |
| Loan | 750 000 |
| 5. Liabilities are short-term | |
| Available loans | 250 000 |
| Existing debts | 50 000 |
| Other | 1 500 000 |
It does not take long and complex calculations to find out the book value of assets. Just look at the balance sheet. In line 1600 "Balance" you will find the necessary information. The line includes data on both current and non-current assets.
For a company, the book value of assets is one of the most important indicators. According to it, the company can evaluate its financial position. There are two possible situations: assets are less than the authorized capital or more than it.
When the assets are greater than the authorized capital, no additional action is required from the company. Otherwise, the MC will need to reduce or increase assets. The authorized capital cannot be higher than the property owned by the company (clause 3, article 20 of Law No. 14-FZ). Read more about the functions and formation of the authorized capital of the enterprise in 2019.
It is dangerous to delay the increase in the value of assets. Ignoring the requirements of the law threatens the company with a commission. Tax officials make sure that the assets in the company are higher than the Criminal Code. If a violation is noticed, the manager will be called to a meeting. It will be necessary to prepare well for it and prepare a response for the inspectors in advance.
A very critical situation is also acceptable, when assets are below the minimum authorized capital. That is, below 10 thousand rubles. Or worse, they've gone negative. The company then has no choice but to liquidate. This procedure is established by law.
The amount of assets should be calculated once a year. This is required for the respective purposes:
The resulting value determines the solvency of the organization, profitability, and sometimes further development. From the indicator one should judge the possibility of the company repaying its obligations, investing in the expansion of production or opening new directions.
That's why the normal value of net assets must be positive
When the NA is negative, the firm is said to be insolvent, dependent on loans and having no own income. The higher the indicator, the more solvent and attractive for investors this company.
Indicator analysis includes:
Since during the analysis this value is compared with data on revenue and net profit for the year, it is more correct to use not a fixed figure of net assets at the end date, but the average value for this period in calculations.
Regular and thorough study of NA allows you to find ways to increase them, such as:
Net assets are the most important indicator of a company's performance. The main goal of a competent and timely analysis of financial data is the ability to prevent and avoid undesirable situations in the activities of any organization.
Sometimes it is necessary for the appraiser to conduct a "cursive" analysis of the general condition of companies. To do this, you can use information about the net assets of the company, which can be emphasized from the balance sheet.
Net assets reflect the real value of the company's property, excluding its debts.
Thus, net assets are the difference between the book value of all the company's assets and the amount of the company's debt obligations.
Assets are the resources of the enterprise that bring him profit. An analysis of their size, structure and dynamics allows us to draw conclusions about the current state of the company and predict its further existence.
The balance sheet clearly represents the most important quantities by which you can quickly perform the simplest calculations. In the future, when identifying problems, it is necessary to delve into the analysis of the causes and factors of cost and structural changes, which will allow you to correctly adjust the management policy and increase the profitability of the organization.
The value of assets is one of the important reporting indicators. How to calculate it and in which balance line to find, read the material.
If you cannot increase the NA, then you will have to reduce the UK. In this case, the following state requirements must be observed:
Be sure to include the following information in the text:
Balance - a document reflecting the availability and condition of the organization's assets, their itemized and total value (the latter is entered in line 1600). By analyzing the value and structure of assets, one can draw a conclusion about the success of the enterprise, its ability to fulfill its obligations and make a profit.
The analysis uses a variety of indicators, some of which are discussed below.
The cost of resources is an assessment of the property of the enterprise, expressed in monetary terms, which gives income or can give it in the future. It consists of two positions: the amount of current and non-current assets (in the balance sheet, these are lines 1100 and 1200, respectively). Thus, the value of total assets is determined as the sum of lines 1100 and 1200. In other words, this is the balance sheet currency: total for the asset section, line 1600.
The average value of total resources (ACA) of the organization is found as the arithmetic mean between the cost at the beginning of the year (A1) and at its end (A2). This is written as a formula:
CCA \u003d (A1 + A2) / 2
To calculate the average annual cost, the same principle applies: indicators are taken as of one billing period, but from the balance sheets of different years. The divisor will be equal to the number of years studied (if in two years - 2, if in three - 3, etc.). The average indicators for current and non-current resources are calculated similarly.
Real assets include intangible, fixed assets, inventories (production) and costs in work in progress - all that is involved in commercial activities. For analysis, a coefficient is usually used - the ratio of the total value of real assets to their total value on the balance sheet. A successful manufacturing company must have a value above 0.5 (50%). Decline means fall production capacity or transfer of the enterprise to other, non-core activities.
The immobilization of assets means their withdrawal from circulation. That is, the share of assets that are not involved in turnover and do not generate income, or are not used for their intended purpose, is estimated. The immobilization coefficient shows how efficiently the resources of the enterprise are used. The indicator reflecting the state of immobilized funds is calculated as the ratio between the fixed (non-current) and current (current) assets of the enterprise.
The lower this indicator, the more liquid resources the company has and, accordingly, the higher its solvency.
With a situation where it is necessary to determine the cost of NA ,
sooner or later, any organization, whether it is a joint-stock company or LLC, faces. Companies must constantly monitor the current value of this indicator in order to prevent a crisis situation at the enterprise, the most negative consequence of which may be its liquidation. You should also know the current
net assets
when paying dividends or when paying to a participant who decides to leave the company, the value of his share in the organization. Therefore, it must be remembered that the entire necessary base for the calculation
net assets
for the current date can be obtained by compiling interim financial statements at the end of the previous month. In addition, the correct calculation of the value
net assets
important to the investor. For him, it is advisable for the organization to draw up the most detailed and transparent reference-calculation of the value of such an indicator of the company.
Net assets (NA) is the real value of all property of the company, fixed assets and Money. In simpler terms, they represent the residual amount of own assets that are not burdened with obligations.
The indicator is calculated every year by enterprises of all organizational and legal forms. NA are calculated when organizing, doing business and are the main criterion financial well-being, solvency, degree of risk of ruin of the company.
Such indicators inform the participants, employees and counterparties of the company about the value of its value. They show the entity's own funds cleared of obligations. Using professional terminology, an integral part of net assets are directly residual funds, land, minus the debts of this organization to third parties, companies.
Net assets reflect real budget enterprises
Often there is a need to calculate the value of net assets on the balance sheet. The calculation formula can be different. Complete list the information necessary for the calculation is included in the sections of the balance sheet, so the estimated value can be determined using the data in this document. On the other hand, such indicators can be translated into cash. And then the object of study will be market price. In general terms, such values are equal to the sum of all available funds of the company minus liabilities.
Before finding out how to calculate net assets by balance lines, it is worth noting that they are reflected in the first two sections of the report. Integral part net assets is: residual value of fixed assets, investments in WIP, finances available in the bank or at the cash desk of the enterprise, stocks.
Liability reflects the ways of formation of the organization's funds, the sources of their receipt. Liabilities include: capital (authorized fund, retained earnings, reserve funds etc.), loans (credits from banks or suppliers), other long-term liabilities.
Calculating the value of net assets seems to be a necessary measure to protect the companies themselves from wrong steps in determining the structure of available funds and liabilities; it is regulated by the state. It is also produced to analyze activities in accordance with the internal policy of the company:
Among the most important calculations for the enterprise, it is advisable to mention the calculation of the value of net assets on the balance sheet. The formula used for this kind of calculations is the same for enterprises of all types of ownership in accordance with modern legislation. You can use the following algorithm for calculating these indicators. For internal documents and reporting, the following formula is used.
Net Asset Formula: Balance Sheet Calculation
To make a reliable and revealing analysis, you need to know how to calculate the value of net assets for the lines of the balance sheet. There are two options for obtaining the calculated value:
It is recommended to calculate the amount of net assets for the last reporting date one period or another. To simplify the calculation, there is a detailed online calculator, which allows you to determine the desired value line by line according to the form of the balance, using a standardized formula.
You can simplify the calculation of the indicator and coefficient using the popular 1C: Enterprise program. By configuring it accordingly, you can ensure the calculation is quarterly.
Dynamic analysis will improve current decision making, which, together with strategic management based on the result of tracking changes in annual report will lead to optimal results.
Analysis of net assets helps to assess the profitability of the enterprise
Company specialists use the net asset method to monitor the sustainability and assess the value of the business. If we consider the company's activities in detail, then the calculation method is used when it is necessary to make a decision to improve the set of elements included in the company's assets, to improve the quality of management, attract new investors, and for more efficient management of the capital received.
The value obtained already as a result of primary calculations may indicate the state of the business. Its positive value means that the company is developing normally and its financial position is stable. The negative value of the result of the calculations should seriously alert the elders of the company, as in the future it may become insolvent.
An analysis of the dynamics of the situation can be indicative. Comparing the results of calculations at the start and end of the reporting period can give a vivid picture of how assets are used in an organization. However, one must pay attention to the fact that many factors can lead to change, and the conclusion about the future course of domestic policy should come from a careful analysis of them. For example, a factor in reducing the value of net assets may be a decrease in the values included in assets, as well as changes in the composition of liabilities.
These values allow you to get an idea of the objective cost of the entire organization. The value of the company, as already mentioned, is reflected in the indicator itself. However, for shareholders, participants and creditors of economic entities, the value of the company's securities or shares in the authorized capital is important.
For shareholders economic structures The value of a company can also be determined by the value of its shares. The value of the share value, which will be the minimum threshold value, can be obtained by dividing the value of this indicator by the number of securities.
Having studied the size of net assets as of the last reporting date, the manager will be able to assess the liquidity of the company, as well as the likelihood of various financial problems in the enterprise. Comparing such values and MC reveals a picture of the firm's liquidity. If the value is close to or less than the UK, assets, and this may in the future affect the stability and financial success. A much more favorable situation for the future stability of the company occurs when the indicator is greater than the UK.
An economic downturn, accompanied by a decrease in the value of net assets, may be a sign of a reduction in payback, which means a significant drop in the level of attractiveness of investments in a company by investors.
In this case, the existence of the business is ensured by effective use own funds. This value of the indicator can be safely used to transfer to investors and other interested parties, as it can attract additional capital.
When preparing a quarterly or annual reporting It is useful to calculate the profitability ratio. It allows you to determine the effectiveness of the use of capital of the company.
Formula for return on net assets:
Krcha \u003d profit of the reporting period / (Fixed assets + Net current assets).
The coefficient is used to analyze the profit per unit of invested own funds (share capital). Many factors can lead to a decrease in the effectiveness of the use of own funds. This is a drop in the level of sales due to external (market situation) or internal (poor management) factors, and changes in taxation and others.
If necessary, the net assets indicator can be increased in several ways
A decrease in such indicators below the level of the authorized capital is dangerous for the stability of the company. Negative net assets can lead to the fact that the business entity will not be able to pay off creditors. By publishing or reporting reporting data when the Criminal Code is higher than such values, the organization, as it were, distorts the data available to creditors who take this indicator into account to assess the company's solvency. Therefore, in order to prevent such situations from arising, the legislation establishes a limit level for the fall of the indicator.
As mentioned earlier, for the analysis it will be necessary to perform the calculation of net assets. The asset balance is an important indicator that determines the direction of the company's future work. When it becomes clear that the indicator poses a threat to the normal operation of the firm, a decision must be made in favor of one of the following alternatives:
The latter path is chosen in the extreme cases themselves, since it is quite difficult to prove that the situation cannot be corrected. Therefore, the company should not lose the course to improve efficiency, take measures to improve the indicator as soon as possible.
Since 2011, when taxing profits, all property that was transferred to an organization in order to increase the NA and form additional capital is not taken into account.
Previously, this was not possible. Now you can increase the NA without consequences in NU. In accounting, the value of property received as a contribution is not income.
The contribution to the fixed assets of LLC is reflected in the DT of the accounting account of the corresponding intangible asset and CR account 83 "Additional capital". In other words, if the organization received raw materials or goods as a contribution, then this operation will be reflected in the following entry: DT 10 (41) KR 83. And if funds were received as a contribution, then: DT 51, KR 83.
From 06/01/2019, the balance sheet form is valid as amended by the order of the Ministry of Finance dated 04/19/2019 No. 61n. Key changes in it (as well as in other financial statements) are:
The auditor should be marked only for those firms that are subject to mandatory audit. The tax authorities will use it both to impose a fine on the organization itself if it ignored the obligation to undergo an audit, and in order to know from which auditor they should request information on the organization in accordance with Art. 93 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation.
More significant changes have taken place in Form 2. For more details, see here.
The company's fixed assets are defined as the part of the company's property that is used to meet production needs for more than one year. They are not a commodity and are used for commercial purposes. Their acquisition occurs in large transactions. For an objective assessment, three types of value are used:
The total book value is determined by the purchase price, including expenses. The residual value is calculated as the difference between the original price and depreciation. The replacement value is determined at the current market price. In the balance sheet, the value of fixed assets is reflected in line 1130.
The assets of the organization is the value of all the property that the company has, which is used for the purpose of production and profit from the services provided.
There are three sources of enterprise resources according to the form of functioning:
The assets of an enterprise are characterized by three main parameters:
Liquidity is the ability to quickly turn any property into "live" money if they are urgently needed.
The resources themselves can be classified according to the degree of their liquidity:
How to determine the most liquid, that is, convertible into money, resource of the company? Make a comparison: the one that will bring maximum income per minimum term, and become the most liquid.
Note that the most highly liquid resources are at the same time the most short-term and circulating, and illiquid resources are non-current assets.
The degree of coverage of the obligations of the organization by its assets is the liquidity of balance sheet indicators, according to which it can be concluded: how much the company's income keeps pace with expenses.
Liquidity designations of the balance sheet for assets and liabilities
To understand the assets of a company - what it is, you need to understand the concept of liabilities. Assets and liabilities always go together in the balance sheet.
If assets are property (things or finances) that always brings and increases income (shares, deposits), then liabilities are property that, although it satisfies daily needs, still requires repair and depreciation costs (apartment, car) .
Let's give an example of the work of an asset and a liability. You have 2 million rubles, which you plan to dispose of at your own discretion. There are two available options implementation of these funds. (All figures are arbitrary and selected for ease of calculation.)
Option number 1. You put 2 million rubles under annual interest coefficient 10. Then a year later your 2 million will become 2200 million rubles. In other words, your source of 2 million brought you 200 thousand additional income.
Option number 2. For 2 million you buy a one-room apartment in a new building and move into it to live. You spend 200,000 rubles on repairs, and another 200,000 rubles on arranging and furnishing. The monthly payment for housing and communal services will be about 4 thousand rubles, which means that 48 thousand rubles will be spent on utility needs a year. That is, buying an apartment brought you an expense equal to 448 thousand rubles.
Results: the asset increases itself (if 2200 million rubles are put again at the same interest, in a year the amount will be 2420 million rubles, and so on), and the liability spends money irrevocably (no one will return the cost of repairs and utility bills) ..
Nevertheless, it should be said of liabilities that they are inevitable, since they satisfy our current needs and in general accompany human or production activities.
Liabilities of the enterprise- these are 1) obligations in relation to other persons that a businessman must fulfill (pay a loan from a bank, buy raw materials from a supplier, pay salaries to employees, make contributions to government agencies) and 2) contributions to its own authorized capital for the further operation of the company.
Examples of assets and liabilities
Ideally, the indicators for resources at the end of the billing period should exceed the indicators for liabilities, or at least be equal to them. In this case, we can talk about the successful development of the business. In a different scenario, it is worth attending to an analysis of the effectiveness of the strategy being pursued, since when income from active resources remains negative for a long period of time, the company may sooner or later go bankrupt.
The assets of the organization are used in the course of its activities. Based on the involvement in the process of production itself, accounting reports allocate current and non-current resources.
Non-current assets of an enterprise are property and financial resources, which indirectly support the process of production of goods, but are not fully involved in it. In other words, they are out of circulation, or the production cycle, and therefore can serve in the long term. If one calendar year is taken as a conditional settlement period, as is usually done, then non-current long-term resources will serve for more than 12 months.
Non-current (or main) include both tangible and intangible, and financial resources:
That is, non-current resources are the very solid foundation, thanks to which it was possible to create a company (authorized capital, property in property, working personnel) and establish its production activities.
When the organization already exists and is ready to start working, working capital comes into play.
The current assets of the enterprise are property and finance, thanks to which the current production process is implemented. Due to their full involvement in product creation operations, they are often called operational and short-term, because they are spent within one year.
What is included in current assets
Current (or current) resources include tangible and intangible property:
Financial assets among circulating are found only of a short-term nature, that is, those that can be quickly withdrawn and spent on production needs: for example, stocks, cash on hand, securities, loans. And all long-term financial resources (stocks, bonds, deposits) including current assets cannot be named.
Depending on the direction of business and the type of activity of the enterprise, core and non-core resources are distinguished.
Core assets are those property and finances that are directly used for the implementation of activities for the production and marketing of products. These are almost all the savings of the enterprise, as they correspond to the type of activity, and therefore without them it will be impossible to develop and make a profit.
Non-core assets are any property and finances that are not currently used by the organization and bring only expenses. A similar alignment exists as a consequence:
Most often, non-core resources are property (buildings and premises of former factories, kindergartens and camps, schools, clinics, sanatoriums and recreational facilities).
The best example of a non-core resource is the property of debtors, which the bank seizes in order to pay off debts under financial obligations. Banks are often eager to sell their newly acquired property as quickly as possible, but sometimes it is difficult to do so in short time, so the banks are forced to keep the ballast for some time.
Although the state reserves the right to the owners of such property further action, the long-term maintenance of non-core assets that do not work for the company and do not generate income can be costly for the entrepreneur: they have to pay property taxes, as well as make payments to housing and communal services.
Thus, the most rational solution would be the sale or transfer of ownership of the object. But owners of non-core property should be prepared for the fact that the lowest price will be offered for them.
The main assets of the company are, perhaps, production means. Without this indicator, it will not be possible to determine the profit of the company's production cycle.
A company will need two metrics to determine the value of fixed assets on a balance sheet. This is the initial cost of funds and depreciation charges.
First, let's find out what the initial cost is. intangible assets. This is the value of the property at the moment when it was put on the balance sheet of the company. More information about this indicator can be found in PBU 14/2007.
Now let's move on to depreciation. Multiply the depreciation expense by the value of the fixed assets. The result obtained will be the depreciation rate. In the balance sheet, depreciation is reflected in different lines. For example, in line 1210 (see the list above).
To assess the financial position of the organization for a specific period of time, it is necessary view the company's balance sheet for a certain period of the report, since it contains the main numerical indicators of the company's activities, which are needed for an accurate calculation of the balance sheet.
Also, to determine them, special requirements have been developed, reflected in the Order of the Ministry of Finance of Russia No. 84N dated August 28, 2014.
Net assets are any property, which remains the property of the organization after the closing of all existing obligations. In this regard, the volume of net assets is one of the main values for financial characteristics firms.
The main significant factor net property fund is that this number demonstrates the financial profit of the company, from which all existing debts to creditors and partners are calculated.
This Financial independence company settled Federal Commission and Ministry of Finance Russian Federation who exercise supervision over the activities Central Bank RF.
Methodological instructions of such state bodies designed specifically for LLC. However, due to the lack of other types of methods in the legal documents, these developed guidelines are applied to firms of any form of ownership.
The net assets of companies have the most effective value at the time of establishing such a value. They are used to analyze:
Since the importance of the net asset balance is equated with the performance of the organization as a whole, this indicator must be constantly maintained at the proper level and be of particular interest to it.
Net assets indicator determines the ownership of the owner of the enterprise regardless of its economic activity.
It turns out that it characterizes the presence of financial and other firms after the implementation of all payments due to the state and private individuals.
Thus, net assets are expressed as the difference between the sum of all available assets of the firm and its debts. It turns out that these direct characteristics form the main structure of net assets.
They are formed from specific lines of the balance sheet and report and divided into two groups:
Next group components of determining net assets on the balance sheet is in the next section of the main reporting document.
Into net assets do not include:
The decrease in size is due to the existence the following liabilities:
Such elements can also be other values related to financial sources firm or its debt to credit institutions.
To determine the desired value, it is necessary to add to the calculation all available assets, in addition to the receivables of the founders of the enterprise and liabilities. The exceptions are all kinds government support and other types of gratuitous assistance.
Net assets are in the form book value of all property of the owner, which remains with him after returning material values creditors.
Any necessary value for calculating such a numerical indicator is taken from the balance sheet for the present time period applied to the calculation.
Particular attention should be paid to the two parts of the balance sheet, because almost all the values of each part must be taken into account in the calculation.
The exception is:
These exclusions are displayed in Section 3 Reserves and Equity.
Net assets are calculated twice a year and are displayed in the lines of the balance sheet in form No. 3 by all firms, regardless of their organizational status.
To determine you need to use existing formula:
str(b)1600 (or str(b)1100 + 1200) – defaults of owners (str(b)1400+str(b)1500) = net assets, where
str(b) is the line of the balance sheet, str(b)1600 is the assets that are in circulation and not in circulation, str(b)1400 is the debt of the founders for a long period of time, str(b)1500 is the debt of the owners for a short term.
In addition to balance numbers, it is possible use of accounting information. It turns out that the essence of this calculation will be expressed in the calculation using indicators that are indicated on specific accounting results.
So the formula will be next view:
str(b)1300 - debt balance based on the result (75) + credit debt according to the result (98), where
str (b) 1300 - stocks and capital, debt balance of the result (75) - total debt contributors to the status fixed capital, credit debt of the result (98) - the profit of the coming time.
Assets not involved in turnover:
In circulation:
Reserves and capital:
Debts on a long-term loan- 600,000 rubles.
Short term debt:
Amount of assets: 1500 + 650,000 + 400,000 + 200,000 + 300,000 = 1,550,000 rubles.
In this calculation, the unpaid finances of the owners in the amount of 70,000 rubles are not taken into account.
The amount of liabilities: 600,000 + 250,000 + 150,000 + 750,000 = 1,750,000 rubles.
Inventory and capital are not taken into account when calculating liabilities.
It turns out that the amount of net assets on the balance sheet will be equal to 1,750,000 - 1,550,000 = 200,000 rubles, which is average economic activity firms.
All contained data necessary for financial calculations in the financial statements of the enterprise, displayed in monetary terms. In this case, information is accepted at the end of the period for which the report is produced.
If there is a need to determine the indicator for a different number, then transitional annual, quarterly or monthly reports are compiled.
The amount of net assets is prescribed in line 3600 of form No. 3 “Report on changes in fixed assets”. In the case of obtaining a negative indicator, this value is taken in brackets.
If the net assets in the calculation turned out to be negative, then legal entity it is necessary to reduce the authorized capital to its parity with net assets and register data change in the Unified State Register of Legal Entities.
Also, the company must reduce the benefits paid to employees until the amount of net assets exceeds the planned costs.
At the same time, it should be taken into account that the legislation does not provide for any liability for committed violations to reduce net assets relative to fixed capital.
A negative value of net assets is obtained when the company has a total amount of debt greater than the property owns.
It turns out that the company that paid all the debt to creditors and government bodies automatically becomes bankrupt.
To an organization that has had a negative result of net assets, for submission current position the term "lack of property" is used, which indicates a mandatory decrease in the characteristics of the fixed capital or the termination of the company's production activities.
In the event that the owner has reporting period lower value of net assets than those established by federal regulations on the activities and registration of organizations, liquidation is necessary.
A negative result indicates that the company is directly dependent from their debts to creditors.
Analysis of the solvency of the company involves the ability of the owner to make timely and in full mandatory payments. To assess solvency, you need:
An important factor in the assessment is the difference between solvency and creditworthiness, where the ability to repay loans taken demonstrates the company's ability to make payments on mandatory loans using easily marketable asset types.
Solvency, in turn, is a reflection of the ability to close existing debts with the help of quickly realizable funds and hard-to-sell, such as equipment, real estate, production facilities, and the like. All these elements affect the stability long term development organizations.
State tax authorities also evaluate the financial statements of firms and are blacklisted those enterprises whose net assets are less than the main material assets.
Negative or minimum net assets are the result of the maximum financial losses that occurred in the reporting or previous period.
When such enterprises are identified, the IFTS conducts explanatory work with the founders of the organization, where it is proposed to increase net assets. Otherwise, this the company will be declared bankrupt and liquidated.
In order to increase net assets in a short time, you can use in the following ways:
Control over net assets should take place constantly, since this indicator is the proof of the company's successful activities.
The procedure for determining the value of net assets is presented in this video.
ruble, thousand rubles, million rubles, billion rubles
Net assets (English analogue Net assets) - the sum of assets minus the company's liabilities. This indicator allows you to roughly understand the value of the company in the event of its immediate liquidation. Of course, the real market value of individual assets may be understated or overstated compared to the book value. However, this indicator is used in the absence of access to the company's internal reporting.
Lenders use the indicator to roughly assess the level of their security. The value of net assets equal to zero or lower will indicate a high risk when lending to a company, because in the event of bankruptcy, not all requirements of interested parties will be satisfied. High positive value (relative to total amount assets) can be considered normative.
The calculation of this indicator is regulated by the order of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated August 28, 2014 N 84n.
It is possible to resume the growth of net assets only in the conditions of the resumption of profitable activities. The reserve for reducing costs and increasing the amount of income can be in all areas of the company.
Net assets \u003d Assets - Current liabilities - Long-term liabilities - Accounts receivable of the founders for contributions to the authorized capital + Deferred income arising in connection with the gratuitous receipt of property and state assistance
Net assets \u003d Assets (excluding accounts receivable of the founders for contributions to the authorized capital) - Liabilities (excluding deferred income arising in connection with the gratuitous receipt of property and state assistance)
1. Off-balance sheet assets and liabilities are not taken into account when calculating net assets.
2. Indicators such as "Deferred income arising from gratuitous receipt of property and state aid" and "Founders' receivables for contributions to the authorized capital" are usually not reflected in the balance sheet of companies.
JSC "Web-Innovation-plus"
Unit of measurement: thousand rubles
| Balance | On 31 12 2016 | On 31 12 2015 |
| Assets | ||
| I. NON-CURRENT ASSETS | ||
| TOTAL FOR SECTION I | 786 | 634 |
| II. CURRENT ASSETS | ||
| Accounts receivable | 6 | 7 |
| - accounts receivable of the founders for contributions to the authorized capital | 0 | 0 |
| TOTAL FOR SECTION II | 497 | 465 |
| Balance | 1283 | 1099 |
| Liabilities | ||
| III. OWN CAPITAL AND RESERVES | ||
| TOTAL FOR SECTION III | 653 | 534 |
| IV. LONG TERM DUTIES | ||
| TOTAL FOR SECTION IV | 105 | 106 |
| V. SHORT-TERM LIABILITIES | ||
| revenue of the future periods | 6 | 5 |
| - deferred income arising in connection with the gratuitous receipt of property and state assistance | 0 | 0 |
| TOTAL FOR SECTION V | 525 | 459 |
| Balance | 1283 | 1099 |
Net asset value (2016) = 1283 - 105 - 525 = 653 thousand rubles.
Net asset value (2015) = 1099 - 106 - 459 = 534 thousand rubles.
The amount of net assets is growing during 2015-2016. from 534 thousand rubles. to 653 thousand rubles, which indicates an increase in the welfare of investors, an improvement in the protection of creditors. Thus, the financial position of the company becomes more stable. JSC "Web-Innovation-plus" should continue to work in the same direction.
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In conditions of significant independence of economic entities in the implementation of their production and financial activities, the assessment of the financial condition, investment attractiveness of enterprises, and the reliability of their partners is of particular importance. In such situations, the analysis of the financial stability and solvency of the organization becomes practically significant. To evaluate them, modern theory and practice economic analysis developed numerous criteria, among which a special place is given to the indicator of net assets.
Widely known in the world practice net asset ratio began to be used to assess the financial condition of Russian enterprises relatively recently. The obligation to calculate it was introduced by Part 1 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation (hereinafter referred to as the Civil Code of the Russian Federation), which entered into force in 1995, and a number of other regulations. In the Civil Code of the Russian Federation, this indicator is indicated in Art. 90 and 99, devoted to the disclosure of provisions on the procedure for the formation and change in the size of the authorized capital of a limited liability company and a joint-stock company, respectively. These articles define the requirements for comparing the net assets with the registered value of the authorized capital when making various decisions. However, the definition of the essence of net assets is reflected in other regulations. In particular, in the order of the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation No. 10n, the Federal Securities Commission of the Russian Federation No. 03-6 / pz dated January 29, 2003 "On the procedure for assessing the value of net assets of joint-stock companies", net assets are understood as "a value determined by subtracting from the amount of assets of joint-stock companies taken for calculation, the amount of its obligations accepted for calculation. And in the Guidelines for the examination of the presence (absence) of signs of fictitious or deliberate bankruptcy, approved by the order of the Federal Tax Service of the Russian Federation No. 33-r dated October 8, 1999 (hereinafter - the Guidelines), it was indicated that the value of net assets burdened with obligations. Thus, net assets show how much the organization's assets exceed its liabilities (both short-term and long-term), that is, they allow us to assess the level of solvency of the enterprise. At its core, net assets can be identified with the amount of equity, since they reflect the level of security of the funds invested by the owners with the assets of the organization.
To date, there is no unambiguous approach to the calculation of net assets (NA) in regulatory documents and special economic literature, there is no comprehensive methodology for their analysis. Starting from 1995, this indicator began to be reflected in the financial statements, in particular, in form No. 3 “Statement of changes in equity” (p. 150). The methodology for the formation of net assets is currently defined in the order of the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation No. 10n, the Federal Commission for the Securities Market of the Russian Federation No. 03-6 / pz dated January 29, 2003 "On the procedure for assessing the value of net assets of joint-stock companies" and provides for the following calculation according to the balance sheet data:
CHA \u003d A - P,
where A, P - assets and liabilities, respectively, taken to calculate net assets.
The value of assets (A) is defined as the sum non-current assets(p. 190) and current assets (p. 290) minus the items “Debts of participants (founders) on contributions to the authorized capital” and “Treasury shares repurchased from shareholders”. In connection with the introduction of changes in the content of financial statements in accordance with the order of the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation dated July 22, 2003 No. 67n “On the forms of financial statements of organizations”, the line “Own shares redeemed from shareholders” in the balance sheet was transferred from an asset to a liability - to the section III "Capital and reserves" - as a line regulating the authorized capital. Therefore, the amount of assets accepted for the calculation of net assets is no longer required to be adjusted for the above line of the balance sheet.
The amount of liabilities (P) is calculated as the sum of the items "Long-term liabilities" (p. 590) and "Current liabilities" (p. 690) minus the item "Deferred income" (p. 640). Prior to the issuance of the said order, the liabilities included the article “Target financing and receipts” (p. 450), which was illegal, since it contains amounts equivalent to one’s own.
At the same time, in other regulations and economic literature, there is a slightly different scheme for calculating the NA. In particular, it was established in the Methodological Recommendations that the value of the assets involved in their calculation should also be reduced by the amount of the item “VAT on acquired valuables” (p. 220). This can be explained by the fact that the current tax legislation(Chapter 21 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation), this amount can be accepted to reduce the amount of VAT paid by the organization on sold goods, products, works, services only if a sufficiently large number of conditions are met (posting and payment of valuables, issuing an invoice, etc.), then there are serious doubts about the actual write-off of the amount of VAT on acquired valuables to pay off the "outgoing" VAT. However, in a similar way, one can doubt that other assets will actually become sources of covering the obligations of the enterprise, since they may include “stale” stocks, overdue receivables, obsolete fixed assets, investments in illiquid securities, and the organization’s balance sheet does not reveals information about such facts. Therefore, in our opinion, it was unlawful to reduce the value of net assets by the amount of VAT on acquired assets. It should be noted that this provision, which was also provided for by the earlier order of the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation No. 71, the Federal Commission for the Securities Market of the Russian Federation No. 149 dated August 5, 1996 "On the procedure for assessing the value of the net assets of joint-stock companies", has now been canceled by a new order of the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation No. 10n, the Federal Commission for the Securities Market of the Russian Federation No. 03-6/pz dated January 29, 2003
At the same time, the Methodological Recommendations provided that the liabilities of the organization, reflected in Section V of the balance sheet and accepted for calculating net assets, are not included, together with the article “Deferred income”, the article “Reserves for future expenses” (p. 650). In our opinion, there is every reason for this, since, according to many experts in the field of economic analysis (O.V. Efimova, L.T. Gilyarovskaya, etc.), this article is more related to own funds (formed at the expense of funds) and not to the obligations of the organization. All this testifies to the need for a unified methodology for calculating net assets, excluding various interpretations of this indicator.
No less problem is the development of a coherent methodology for the analysis of net assets. In our opinion, its main areas are:
· analysis of the dynamics of net assets . To do this, it is necessary to calculate their value at the beginning and end of the year, compare the obtained values, identify the reasons for the change in this indicator;
· assessment of the reality of the dynamics of net assets , since their significant increase at the end of the year may not be significant compared to the growth of total assets. To do this, it is necessary to calculate the ratio of net and total assets at the beginning and end of the year;
· assessment of the ratio of net assets and authorized capital . Such a study allows you to identify the degree of closeness of the organization to bankruptcy. This is evidenced by the situation when net assets in their value are less than or equal to the authorized capital. The Civil Code of the Russian Federation establishes that if the value of the company's net assets becomes less than that specified by law minimum size authorized capital, the company is subject to liquidation;
· assessment of the effectiveness of the use of net assets . To do this, the indicators "turnover of net assets" and "profitability of net assets" are calculated and analyzed in dynamics, their factorial research is carried out.
Let's consider how these areas of analysis of net assets are implemented on the example of the reporting data of OAO Confectioner. As noted earlier, the study of this indicator should begin with an analysis of the dynamics of net assets.
The data indicate that at the end of the reporting year, the value of net assets decreased by 13,250 thousand rubles, or 9%, and amounted to 133,222 thousand rubles. Such a significant reduction in this indicator occurred against the background of a decrease in both assets taken into account in the calculation of net assets and liabilities. At the same time, the value of assets decreased to a greater extent - by 17% (17,159 thousand rubles) compared to liabilities (their decrease was 7%, or 3,909 thousand rubles). It is important to note that a significant reduction in the organization's assets was mainly due to a reduction in their mobile part: inventories (by 23.5%, or 16,927 thousand rubles), receivables (by 43.9%, or 8,152 thousand rubles .) and the amount of VAT on purchased valuables (almost 2 times). At the same time, there was an increase in non-current assets: fixed assets (by 4.1%, or 1,796 thousand rubles), construction in progress (by 10.2%, or 6,000 thousand rubles), intangible assets (almost 2 times). This means that in reporting year the enterprise carried out capital investments, while diverting significant amounts from the economic turnover, which ultimately led to its significant reduction by 17%. In addition, the asset management policy pursued by the enterprise has other negative consequences - an increase in property tax, an increase in fixed costs in the form of depreciation of fixed assets and intangible assets, which, in turn, leads to an increase in the profitability threshold of the organization.
At the same time, the reduction in liabilities by 7% was caused by a significant (by RUB 13,344 thousand, or 34.5%) decrease in accounts payable with a simultaneous increase in credits and loans by 3060 thousand rubles, or 20.5%, that is, the enterprise in the structure of borrowed sources of financing its activities increased the share of the most expensive financial resources. In addition, from the data of the balance sheet of the organization it follows that all loans and borrowings received are of a short-term nature. Given the previously noted fact of the increase in non-current assets, which are long-term, it is easy to notice the irrational allocation of funding sources in the assets of the enterprise. Thus, the analysis of the factors that caused the decrease in net assets made it possible to see a number of other problems that adversely affect the solvency and financial stability of Confectioner OJSC.
At the next stages, the value of net assets should be compared with the total assets and authorized capital of the organization (Table 2).
Table 2. Analysis of the ratio of net assets to total assets and the authorized capital of the organization, thousand rubles.
|
Index |
The code lines balance |
On the Start of the year |
On the the end of the year |
Deviation («+», «–») |
|
1. Net asset value |
146 472 |
133 222 |
–13 250 |
|
|
2. The value of total assets |
202 366 |
185 207 |
–17 159 |
|
|
3. The ratio of net assets to total assets, coefficient. |
0,724 |
0,719 |
–0,005 |
|
|
4. Authorized capital |
410 – 411 |
4004 |
4004 |
|
|
5. The ratio of net assets to the authorized capital, coefficient. |
36,6 |
33,3 |
–3,3 |
From the data in Table. 2 shows that the ratio of net assets to total assets at the end of the reporting year is declining. In particular, if at the beginning of the analyzed period the share of net assets in the total amounted to 72.4%, then at the end it was already 71.9%. This means that the real decline in net assets was even more significant compared to their absolute reduction. At the same time, the calculation of the second ratio showed that net assets significantly (by 33.3 times at the end of the year) exceed the authorized capital. This circumstance indicates that despite the emerging problems associated with the deterioration of the financial stability of Confectioner OJSC, this organization does not show signs of bankruptcy.
At the end of the analysis, it is necessary to evaluate the efficiency of using net assets (Table 3). Since the value of net assets in this case must be compared with volumetric (formed for the year) indicators of sales proceeds and net profit, it is more correct to use in the calculation not a fixed value of net assets on a specific date (for example, at the end of the year), but their average annual value, which most in a simple way can be calculated as the arithmetic mean (one-half of the sum of the values at the beginning and end of the year). In particular, in the reporting year, the average annual value of net assets is 139,847 thousand rubles. ((146 472 + 133 222) / 2). Information for the previous year was obtained in a similar way.
Table 3
Analysis of the effectiveness of the use of net assets
|
Index |
The code lines form number 2 |
Reporting year |
Deviation (+, -) |
Pace growth, |
|
|
1. Average annual cost net assets, thousand rubles |
145 826 |
139 847 |
–13 250 |
91,0 |
|
|
2. Revenue from sales of goods, products, works, services, thousand rubles. |
409 463 |
313 719 |
–95744 |
76,6 |
|
|
3. Net profit (loss), thousand rubles. |
2896 |
2797 |
–99 |
96,6 |
|
|
4. Turnover of net assets, turnover (p. 2 / p. 1) |
2,808 |
2,243 |
–0,441 |
84,2 |
|
|
5. The duration of the turnover of net assets, days (360 / p. 4) |
150,0 |
||||
|
6. Return on net assets, % (p. 3 / p. 1) |
1,99 |
2,00 |
0,12 |
106,1 |
Table data. 3 allow us to see that in the reporting year there is a slowdown in the turnover of net assets by 32 days, which is caused by a more significant reduction in revenue from sales of products (by 23.4%) compared to a decrease in the average annual value of net assets (by 9%). The return on net assets remained virtually unchanged. However, the extremely low value of this indicator - 2% in the reporting year - draws attention to itself. This means that the enterprise received only 2 kopecks from each ruble of its own funds. net profit. Summarizing all these facts, we can talk about the insufficiently effective use of the organization's own capital.
Summing up, it should be noted that the article deals with a rather narrow issue devoted to the analysis of just one indicator, although very important for assessing the financial condition of an organization. However, such a study revealed a number of problems that require deeper study.
In general, an in-depth analysis of net assets makes it possible to identify ways to increase them (improving the structure of assets; choosing and using optimal methods for assessing inventories, calculating depreciation of fixed assets and intangible assets; selling or liquidating property not used in the activities of an enterprise; increasing sales volumes for by improving the quality of products, searching for new markets for its sales, optimizing pricing policy; effective control of the state of stocks, receivables and payables, other assets and liabilities of the organization). On the basis of this, there are opportunities for increasing the financial stability and solvency of an economic entity, its investment attractiveness.
T.A. Pozhidaeva, Ph.D. economy Sciences, Assoc. Department of Economic Analysis and Audit, Voronezh State University
