Working draft, section: AR, KR, KM, KZh, Structural reinforcement project, VK, EO, TX, OV, - the sequence of development and coordination of the working draft
AR project of the section "Architectural solutions"
AR. Architectural decisions is called the section project documentation, which sets out the author's vision of an architectural object: its external and internal appearance, spatial, functional and planning organization are indicated. These data are recorded and implemented in the constructed building.
The architectural design of the AR, respectively, is the work to create a prototype of the future object. Among the main elements of the architectural solution is architectural and artistic (decisions on design materials, on which the appearance and the interior of the object), architectural and planning (floor plan of the building), constructive.
The "Architectural Solutions" section is an integral part of design documentation for all types of non-residential and industrial premises. This is a mandatory and the most initial stage in the design of an object. It provides the basis for the development of other sections of the project documentation.
When developing a section of architectural solutions, the functional purpose of the building and the relevant requirements of state standards and regulatory documentation are taken into account. This contributes to the determination of the most correct variant of the technical solution.
The ready-made section "Architectural solutions" is an album of developed documentation and a set of drawings, which indicate the elements of the architectural appearance of the object.
Properly designed architectural solutions will ensure competent organization construction works and optimize work processes. The result of the construction will be not only a visually attractive, but also a safe, reliable and functional facility.
In particular, it is this section that determines the layout of the building on the construction site, the schemes of foundations, floor plans object, roof plan, specification of door and window openings, options for interior decoration, etc.
The section of architectural solutions is developed by specialized design organizations that have a license for this type of activity. The cost of development varies depending on the area of the object, its specialization and location. The personal preferences of the customer also play a role - if they do not go beyond certain rules and norms. In addition, the availability of all required documents. In the absence of them, the deadlines for completing the section may be delayed.
Design work
The composition of the project is determined by the type of premises. Buildings, offices, warehouses - all these structures require design work different kind. Functional purpose The future structure also plays an important role in the design. For example, the main requirement for a residential building is a thoughtful design of comfort, and for a warehouse - all kinds of technical areas.
Architectural workshops and bureaus
Architectural offices or workshops are enterprises involved in the relevant design of structures such as houses or cottages. In addition, their responsibilities may include the development of project documentation for redevelopment and repair of buildings, for the construction of engineering structures. Project approval can also be carried out by such enterprises.
Design organizations and bureaus
Design organizations turn out to be indispensable assistants in drawing up plans for the upcoming repair and construction work. Based on the ideas and wishes presented by the customer and the sketches submitted to the design bureau, decisions are coordinated and working drawings are developed. Very often, in order to save the customer's effort and time, design bureaus also take on the functions of coordinating projects.
Architectural design
The procedure for the formation of project documentation describing the architectural solutions and the appearance of the future building is called architectural design. As a result of this process, both the future appearance of the structure and the features of its construction and subsequent use are determined. The reliability and durability of the building largely depends on how competently the architectural design was carried out.
Design of buildings and houses
Perhaps this is the most time-consuming and complex process for an architect. To successfully complete the design of houses, knowledge from the field of special disciplines is required. The theoretical and practical understanding of the properties, methods and conditions of use of various materials determines the quality of the final product - the building. Taking into account by the architect all the subtleties of the design of the structure, it is possible to create a solid foundation under it, but not visible to the eye, on which not only the builders, but also the future building will rely. The name of this "foundation" is a project.
KR draft of the section "Constructive solutions"
CR design. Structural solutions are called a section in the design documentation, which reflects architectural solutions in the form of specific design data. Structural solutions, as well as the volumetric planning solutions accordingly, they are performed on the basis of specific architectural tasks developed earlier.
The main task of designing a section of constructive, as well as space-planning solutions, is to determine the full scope of upcoming construction work, the choice of optimal building materials and load-bearing structures for each specific type of work, in order to ensure maximum stability of the building.
In this section, designers describe and justify technical solutions to achieve the necessary strength, stability, spatial uniformity of construction objects. This refers not only to the object as a whole, but also to its individual structural elements, parts, units.
The basis for constructive solutions is a combination of interconnected load-bearing structures of the object. Regardless of the building materials used and how the building is constructed, structural solutions must ensure stability, rigidity and strength. Wherein an important factor is the optimization of the bearing capacity of the structures of the object. That is, laying down the characteristics of materials that are most suitable in terms of parameters for each specific task.
Accordingly, space-planning solutions represent the layout of the elements of the object. Their purpose is to satisfy certain operational, economic, design and aesthetic requirements.
Design solutions are based on engineering calculations. They are performed using specialized computer programs, which helps to avoid errors and other influences of the "human factor".
Structural solutions are an integral part of the overall design of the building - this requirement is spelled out in building codes ah and federal law.
Structural solutions are implemented in the form of separate parts, depending on the type of structures: metal, reinforced concrete, wood or metal-wood. The decision project consists of a text and a graphic part.
The design of structural solutions should be carried out exclusively by specialized design organizations.
QOL project of the section "Reinforced concrete structures"
QOL. The section of structural design is an obligatory element of the project of any construction work related to the erection or change of the supporting elements of the object, on which the reliability and rigidity of the building depend.
Structures are designed both for new construction of objects, and redevelopment, re-equipment and reconstruction of buildings.
Structural design is a rather capacious concept, which includes the design of the main structures of the building, as well as the structures of canopies, stairs, canopies, etc. When it comes to the need for laying external engineering systems, erection of retaining walls, etc. - in this case, it is also necessary to design structures.
One of the subsections in the design of structures is the development of projects for reinforced concrete structures. They are classified according to the method of execution, the type of concrete used, the type of tension.
The design of reinforced concrete structures is carried out for the installation of foundations, the arrangement of floor slabs, the construction of columns, crossbars and stiffening diaphragms (if we are talking about frame buildings), the installation of stairs and consoles.
The design documentation for the section of reinforced concrete structures consists of general data, an explanatory note, a plan of foundations and sections (with height marks), a plan of a monolithic belt, drawings of individual structural elements, and a specification of floor elements.
Reinforced concrete structures require the most accurate calculations. This is especially true for the calculations of the protective layers of concrete and reinforcement.
For the implementation of the project of the section "Reinforced concrete structures" specialized design organizations are involved. Since reinforced concrete elements are the main and most complex elements construction and are the most expensive part in the process of building an object, it is important to carry out professional design.
Practice shows that during the operation of the building, the costs of designing reinforced concrete structures are fully paid off. This is achieved through the use of materials with optimal characteristics and performance properties.
The project considers the following possible reinforced concrete elements: foundations, ceilings and walls, three-dimensional elements, steps, platforms and flights of stairs, piles and wall panels.
Structural reinforcement project
The design of structural reinforcement is one of the most difficult stages of design work. When developing a reinforcement project, the requirements of thousands of normative documents, taking into account technological and design options. However, there are no standards directly related to the reinforcement project - there are only general recommendations to development.
The reinforcement project may include design solutions and technologies for increasing or restoring the bearing capacity of structures or objects in general. For the most part, this project involves repair and restoration work on existing structures. In this case, it should be developed only on the basis of the results of the structural survey and the design of km or kzh.
The principles of restoration, respectively, are individual in each case - they proceed from the types of damage, the possibilities for their elimination and the timing. For example, when designing a reinforcement project during a disaster recovery effort, the priority is to restore the site to production as soon as possible, given the available resources and capabilities. But with the planned design of structural reinforcement, the economic and technical comparison of reinforcement options becomes the basis of the project. This takes into account the maximum possible use of existing structures.
The reinforcement project, provided that it is developed by a specialized design organization, will ensure the effective restoration of the bearing capacity of the structures of buildings and structures. At the same time, safe and reliable operation of facilities for 40 and even 50 years is guaranteed. As mentioned earlier, there are thousands of options for reinforcement projects that relate to both buildings as a whole and all possible elements of objects: foundations, crane runway floors, etc.
The presence of the project will help save on restoration work, significantly extend the operation of the facility after a major overhaul. Performing such work without a project is undesirable, since strengthening structures without a deep study of the causes and destruction will not lead to an effective result. On the contrary, the building can become emergency and, accordingly, unusable.
The cost of the reinforcement project (designing km or kzh) varies depending on the type of the object under study, its technical parameters, and the general condition of the structural elements.
KM project of the section "Metal structures"
KM design. In the construction of non-residential facilities, metal structures are often used. Their application is based on the data in the section of design documentation called "Metal structures". Generally, working documentation structures can be divided into two groups. The first is directly the documentation on metal structures. It is compiled on the basis of the technical design materials for the subsequent creation of detailed drawings. The second part is the detailing of metal structures. In this case, all structural elements are worked out separately. These drawings can be the basis for the manufacture of metal structures at enterprises (if necessary).
The structure of the project of metal structures includes plans and sections of the structure of the object, design solutions for elements, options for their interface, metal specifications. At this stage, the structures are linked with other parts of the project. The calculation of structures is drawn up in the format of a settlement and explanatory note.
Detailed designs of metal structures consist of drawings of individual elements of all metal structures, wiring diagrams.
KM design
When designing a section of metal structures, a number of basic requirements are taken into account. First of all, operating conditions - they determine the structural form of structures and the most suitable type of material.
The second requirement is metal saving. This is easily explained, since the metal is expensive. building material. Therefore, it is most often used in cases where the use of other materials (for example, reinforced concrete) is not rational.
The next factor is manufacturability. Projects are drawn up taking into account the technological requirements for the installation of metal structures, with an emphasis on modern ways installation. This has the effect of reducing the complexity of the process.
In addition, when developing a project, the aesthetics of finished metal structures and the harmony of their forms are taken into account. This is especially important when development is carried out within the city, taking into account the requirements of the city authorities to architectural forms objects.
The project of the section "Metal structures" is carried out by specialized design organizations. When designing, three indicators are achieved, on which the cost of metal structures and their assembly depends. This is saving steel, increasing labor productivity, reducing labor intensity and installation time.
The sequence of development and approval of the working draft
In fact, there is nothing difficult in coordinating a working draft. All you need is time and desire. Once a design decision has been made, it is necessary to obtain a decision from the local authorities on the reconstruction or design of a building (supermarket, shop, pharmacy, etc.). After receiving this document you must contact a licensed design organization to develop a working draft. The next stage is the order of technical conditions in city services (Vodokanal, Energy supply organization, City heating networks).
To order technical specifications, engineering loads (electricity, water, heat, etc.) are provided in the design organization. And with these loads, BTI passport (if any existing building and reconstruction is underway), you must contact the appropriate authorities. After specifications received, they need to be transferred to the work of design engineers.
Along with this, they are developing a passport exterior finish and master plan. As soon as one of the sections is ready, you need to take 2 copies of the relevant section, technical specifications, the original master plan and go to the authority to agree on the section, i.e. if the VK section (water supply and sewerage) then to Vodokanal, etc.
When all sections are agreed upon, namely: VK, HV (heating and ventilation), EMO (power supply and electric lighting), and the seals of these authorities are affixed to the original master plan, you can complete the working draft (GP, AS, TX, VK, OV, EMO) and an explanatory note to the Rospotrebnadzor and the same project to the City Department for Emergency Situations (to the city service - to the firemen). In these instances, it is necessary to obtain conclusions on the working draft. In parallel with the coordination of sections, it is possible to coordinate the passport of the exterior finish. The next stage after receiving the conclusions is the completion of the working draft for approval by the city engineer, in order to obtain a square stamp on master plan.
We complete the full working draft (GP, AS, TX, VK, OV, EMO and PZ), as well as the conclusion of Rospotrebnadzor and GUMCHS. After receiving a square stamp on the master plan, we prepare a working draft in the State Architectural and Construction Supervision (State Architectural and Construction Supervision) to obtain a protocol for the approval of working documentation.
The main rule when agreeing is to follow the movement of the original sections, the master plan.
The company's engineering and architectural design services include:
pre-project developments, including: architectural and space-planning solutions, as well as feasibility studies;
creation of project sections such as: AR, KR, VK, EO, TX, KM, OV, KZh; and their approval in the relevant authorities;
preparation of working projects;
planning work and overhaul facade, consisting of the formation and approval of the relevant documentation for the modification of the appearance;
performance of the functions of the general designer;
other types of specialized work.
The experience accumulated over the years at the facilities allows us to coordinate the necessary project documentation. Choose us, you will be sure that the requirements for project documentation will be taken into account.
We can say with full confidence that the company is a reliable and professional partner in the construction business. And many years of experience in this field is another confirmation of this. Individual, creative approach to work, thoughtfulness, clarity and timeliness of execution of orders are provided high level competencies of specialists who are true professionals in their field. The large-scale glazing of the facades, the conciseness of the forms and the open space in front of the building contribute to the business purpose of the building and its appeal to people. A special attitude to work is determined by internal ergonomic volumes and interiors. The feeling of tranquility is caused by simple, and at the same time, very refined outlines of the structure. Basic infrastructure elements are aimed at ensuring health, caring for it and the absence of everyday problems. Aesthetic appeal, reliability and practicality, and at the same time - dignity. Strict adherence to proven architectural trends allows you to build buildings that fit well into any environment. Competent, well-thought-out decisions of designers give the finished structure elements of lightness and elation. In this way, the architecture demonstrates the social significance of the building. Preserving the historical style of the city, the large building blends in harmoniously with its environment. The new function of the structure has led to a corresponding adaptation of the infrastructural environment. Symbols of openness and friendliness are glazed facades, so popular these days. For a more efficient and aesthetic use of the existing space, the original stepped layout was applied and the height of the buildings was organically selected. A basis is provided for the formation of infrastructure, which largely determines the quality of life.
The union of professionals: designers, constructors and architects, who are able to find a solution for the most difficult tasks, is the core of the architectural bureau.
Speed, skill, professionalism - character traits our company. Therefore, you can trust us!
Order projects of modern houses in the style of a chalet or buy finished projects houses. Entrust the design to an experienced architect.
Designing a house takes place in comfortable conditions, at a convenient time for everyone.
The development of a project for an individual residential building lasts 2-3 months. The cost of all design stages is $22/m2.
We accompany the construction progress with consultations, and according to the sent photographs - architectural supervision.
Remote design of houses - high-quality services of an architect in comfortable conditions.
Modern houses can significantly reduce the cost of heating or air conditioning houses, the design of a modern house includes new materials. Order the development of AR and CR sets of construction drawings for a modern house, this will help to avoid mistakes in the construction of your chalet house, it is the architects who will suggest a comfortable layout projects and beat the location of the chalet house on your site. Private architect will collect the initial data, compare it with the climate of the site of the future home and create a balanced and modern house, while finished projects houses unable to complete all tasks.
First of all, it is necessary to determine the architectural style of the future home. It can be modern, classic or a chalet project, a private architect will help you in choosing a design at home in the style of a chalet or order a project of a modern country mansion and enjoy the evenings in a comfortable and thoughtful home. Nowadays, energy-efficient or so-called "smart" houses are gaining popularity, which cannot be typed and sold as finished projects, because each individual customer is demanding on special details, so it is important to order a set of AP drawings from an experienced architect. Surely you had to visit houses that were built without projects and therefore, perhaps, experienced layout flaws or cracks in the walls. These and many other problems occur due to deviations from modern building codes, often because construction is going on without projects and architectural supervision.
The term "constructive solutions" is commonly referred to as a section of design documentation containing a detailed study of load-bearing structures and those elements of the architectural concept that affect their load-bearing capacity. KR defines the purpose and specifics of structures, the type of materials used for construction, which are necessary to ensure the reliability, stability and durability of the building.
Structural solutions are an integral part of the project. According to the current regulations, this section is necessarily included in the documentation for a newly erected building and contains graphic and text parts:
The design of the CD is carried out in separate parts, among which the development of such main components as:
Separately, it should be said about the design of RC elements made of reinforced concrete and metal, since they are included in any project.
So, the development of QOL is performed for the device of such important elements buildings such as foundations, floor slabs, flights of stairs, etc. Traditionally, this section consists of an explanatory note, general data, drawings and plans of the above structures. Since reinforced concrete elements are the most complex and expensive to implement, their design must be approached with special responsibility.
The structural design of the CM is of no less importance. This part of the project describes in detail the main metal elements, options for their pairing and specification. Links are also being made with other CRs. At the same time, it is very important to comply with the requirements for economy and manufacturability and to select best option material, taking into account the expected operating conditions.
The quality of construction largely depends on what types of design solutions will be chosen and how competently they will be calculated, so it is simply impossible to overestimate the importance of this section.
The main task of constructive design is to fully determine the forthcoming scope of work, select the most optimal materials and solutions. Thus, the KR project serves as a kind of answer to the question of how to build in order for the building to be durable, safe and comfortable to use. In this case, the detailed study of each node and element is of decisive importance.
At the same time, the development constructive solution carried out not only in the process of preparation for construction, but also at the stage of reconstruction of the building; carrying out redevelopments that affect load-bearing walls and columns; arrangement of openings and openings in the walls and ceilings of buildings; construction of additional floors, mezzanines, balconies, outbuildings, etc.
When determining certain design solutions, a number of separate and interrelated factors must be taken into account. First of all it is:
The basis for the selection and design of the RC are engineering calculations that are performed using special programs.
The design of the CD is carried out in accordance with the requirements of federal legislation, state standards and a number of building codes and regulations (SNiPs). The main document in this series is Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation dated February 16, 2008 No. 87 "On the composition of sections of project documentation and requirements for their content." It contains detailed description points, which should include a constructive calculation, and separately for the text and graphic parts.
Int-Ext has rich experience in designing structural solutions. We can create for you a CD of any complexity in accordance with all your wishes and in a fairly short time.
Our work is based on:
Contact us! We are always ready to implement new and interesting projects.
Architectural design is one of our main directions. Architectural design is carried out in accordance with the requirements of the Initial Permit Documentation, GOSTs and construction SNIPs.
Design work is carried out in stages:
List of works included in the architectural design (AR stage):
The composition of the design documentation at the stage of constructive solution (stage of CD):
Competent planning is required not only for the premises in the house, but also for the adjacent area. Landscaping project of the site allows you to create a certain style, to achieve maximum functionality for the territory.
