The article is devoted to the actual topic - the study of event tourism and, in particular, its type as exhibitions. A study of the role of exhibitions as event tourism in the life of a modern city is given. Event tourism is becoming an increasingly popular form of urban tourism. Sports events should be noted as event tourism events, incl. Olympics, Universiades, World Championships; city festivals and carnivals; business and scientific forums and congresses. Exhibitions occupy a special place in event tourism. There are many classifications of exhibitions - by subject, by territorial coverage, by time of holding, by frequency, etc. Exhibitions, especially international ones, have a long history and currently remain relevant for the social economic development cities. Exhibitions as events of event tourism help to attract tourists, investors to the city and, accordingly, provide the city with the possession of a tourist brand, involvement in international economy, job creation, construction of modern exhibition complexes, infrastructure development, knowledge spillover and socio-economic development.
socio-economic development
event tourism
Exhibitions
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The last decades have been marked by two independent, seemingly very interesting trends - the growing importance of cities in the socio-economic development of the world and the growth of the tourism industry. Tourism is a type of activity that involves a wide range of services in its sphere of influence, from accommodation and transport to entertainment and information technology. Moreover, the type of activity is dynamically developing, so, according to the World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), in 2011 the number of tourist arrivals increased by more than 4% and amounted to 980 million, for 2012 an increase of 3-4% is also predicted.
Undoubtedly, tourism and its components belong to the service economy or post-industrial sectors, and, as you know, the world economy and its avant-garde in the face of large and largest cities are moving to this stage of development. Therefore, it is not surprising that modern cities seek to develop the tourism sector. At the same time, cities compete with each other as for investors who are ready to invest in the development of the city, incl. its tourist infrastructure, and for the tourists themselves, striving to create competitive tourist advantages that distinguish the city from other tourist destinations. In this regard, the issue of urban tourism, its essence and forms is becoming very relevant both from the point of view of setting strategic goals for the development of the city, and from the point of view of involving and distributing the necessary resources to create a tourist infrastructure, which naturally only a few will be enough to create all types of urban tourism. tourism.
The specificity of urban tourism lies in the fact that it includes several segments that intersect, complement and influence each other: educational (visiting museums, objects of historical and cultural heritage); business or business tourism; "weekend" in the city; cultural and sports events; shopping; visiting friends and family; visiting religious sites. In cities that develop tourism, one or more segments can be represented. The priority of choosing a particular segment depends on the goals that the city sets for itself, as well as on the opportunities - many factors that together attract the flow of tourists.
Promotion of any product, incl. tourist, to the market, especially the international one, is impossible without the implementation of a complex of marketing communications. Despite the relative novelty of the whole complex of marketing strategies, for our economy, we can note the already established, "traditional" marketing communications, such as advertising, public relations (PR), product sales and personal selling. The younger ones should include workshops (English workshop) - professional meetings, seminars, a small circle of people interested in a detailed, in-depth discussion of a particular problem.
Each business structure, to one degree or another, uses these marketing communications both to promote their product or service, and to promote their brand. The exhibitions are unique in that all of these marketing communications are used on one territorial platform for a limited time, which undoubtedly gives a synergistic effect and allows you to get a greater return than using each of the communications separately. Exhibitions are events that attract really interested people - from industry professionals to ordinary people who can become a consumer of exhibition goods and services in the future.
Exhibitions can be ranked among the areas of event tourism, which has been actively developing in recent decades, not only in the world, but also in our country. Event tourism is a type of tourism, the purpose of which is to visit event events. Events can be organized for a variety of purposes, financed from various sources - private and public, targeted at a variety of target consumer groups and held regularly or only once. In all cases, such events combine such characteristics as mass character, entertainment, and attraction of tourists.
According to the significance and level of territorial coverage, event tourism can be classified as follows: international; National; regional; local. According to the purpose of the event, events can be divided into the following main groups: sports events - Olympics, Universiades, World Championships in football, tennis, etc.; international exhibitions; business congresses, scientific conferences; cultural events (festivals, concerts); city events.
The term "city events" can be combined events held in the open areas of the city and involving citizens and attracting tourists. City events can be local in nature, for example, City Day. Moreover, the same Day of the city of the regional capital may already have a regional scale, because. attracts visitors from all over the region. City events such as the carnival in Rio de Janeiro or Venice have a pronounced international significance, attracting thousands of tourists from all over the world.
It should be noted that event tourism is a unique type of tourism, since it is inexhaustible in content, practically any territory, any city, using the creative potential of residents and stakeholders; which can be the authorities, businessmen, stakeholders of the urban community, can organize an event-based event of one or another level of coverage and make this event the starting point for tourism development. So, the city of Veliky Ustyug, using the wonderful New Year event, can serve as an example. Thanks to the project "Veliky Ustyug - Homeland of Father Frost", the tourist flow increased from 3 thousand people in 2006 to 165 thousand in 2007.
From the point of view of international event tourism, sports events such as the Olympic Games or the World Championships can be called the most attractive events. Preparation and ghosting of such events requires significant efforts and investments, but it also allows the city to take a high step in the rank of tourist destinations. The most striking successful examples are European cities - Barcelona and Turin. The history of both cities is amazing and similar in that their "recent" history associated with the development of tourism has the Olympic Games as a base event or starting point.
International exhibitions are events of event tourism, no less significant than sports ones. A separate area of activity has been formed for organizing, accompanying, holding various kinds of exhibitions, congresses, incentive tours - MICE. The name MICE (MICE) comes from the capital letters of the English terms - Meetings (meetings), Incentives (incentive events), Congress (congresses), Exhibitions & Events (exhibitions and events).
Interest in exhibitions last years intensifies. This is evidenced by the following figures: according to the World Association of the Exhibition Industry, 5 countries of the world - the USA, China, Germany, Italy and France account for 59% of the global closed exhibition space. Moreover, over 5 years from 2006 to 2011, the area of indoor exhibition spaces (minimum 5,000 sq.m) grew in all 15 countries - leaders in terms of indoor exhibition space (USA, China, Germany, Italy, France, Spain, the Netherlands, Brazil, UK, Canada, Russia, Switzerland, Belgium, Turkey and Mexico); but China led the way with 48% growth, followed by Turkey (25%) and Russia third (17%).
Taking into account the increasing scale of globalization, the strengthening of the role of international contacts in the activities of business structures of various levels and profiles of activity, the development of our own travel program (travel (English) - travel), i.e. a program dedicated to the travel of employees for business purposes, including tasks, dates, travel budget, becomes an urgent need, and visiting exhibitions, perhaps, can be put in the first place of such a program.
When choosing an exhibition, prospective exhibitors should start by looking for answers to three basic questions:
It is important to note that the priority is precisely the sequence of questions that is indicated - the most important question: "Where?". The venue of the exhibition is the city and participation in the exhibition includes working and free time, which means that it is also a cultural program at the sites of the city and just walks. In an effort to succeed in competition, cities can provide similar conditions for transport or information security, that is, for the second and third of these issues, but what really distinguishes cities from each other is their environment, which includes open spaces - streets, squares, parks. ; architectural appearance; cafes and restaurants; theaters and concert venues, other places of recreation and, of course, historical and cultural heritage - museums, architectural and other monuments, art galleries, places associated with outstanding scientists, writers, artists, politicians. All this gives the city a uniqueness, a good mood and a desire to return, which is an undoubted competitive advantage and allows you to attract guests, including for participation in exhibitions. For example, the organizers of one of the largest tourism exhibitions EIBTM (The Global Meetings & Events Exhibition - Exhibition of global meetings and events) in Barcelona, among such traditional advertising answers to the question ("what will the participants achieve by visiting the exhibition?"), as "the discovery of new destinations, products and services; development of their professional knowledge; the latest industry trends; establishing contacts, etc., they highlight - "visit Barcelona - an exciting city, one of the world's main centers of business meetings and events" .
A special place among the exhibitions is occupied by exhibitions dedicated to tourism. They bring together both industry professionals - businessmen and representatives of ministries and departments involved in the development of tourism of a particular destination, as well as consumers who want to learn more about travel and recreation opportunities. Examples of leading European tourism exhibitions already held in 2012 and their general characteristics are shown in Table 1.
Table 1
Leading international tourism exhibitions in Europe
|
Exhibition name; venue - city, country; official site |
Main statistical characteristics, according to the official website of the exhibition |
|
FITUR (Feria Internacional de Turismo); Madrid, Spain; http://www.ifema.es |
In 2012, the exhibition confirmed the trend towards the recovery of the industry after the global financial crisis - 9506 exhibiting companies from 167 countries, 119322 professional participants and 91555 ordinary visitors met at the exhibition to "transform leisure into business, and business into development" . |
|
BIT (Borsa internazionale del turismo); Milan, Italy; http://www.bit.fieramilano.it/ |
In 2012, 2,287 exhibitors represented more than 5,000 travel companies from 130 countries and 100,000 visitors from 130 countries. The exhibition occupied 6 pavilions with an area of 100 thousand square meters. |
|
ITB (Internationale Tourismus-Börse Berlin); Berlin, Germany; http://www.itb-berlin.de/ |
In 2012, the exhibition was visited by more than 113 thousand professional visitors (about 40% - foreign), 10644 exhibitors representing 187 countries. 59127 residents of Berlin and Brandenburg visited the exhibition during the weekend in order to learn about new tourist offers. |
As can be seen from the table, each of these exhibitions is a significant event that attracts thousands of visitors, respectively, and cities as a venue for exhibitions receive a significant influx of tourists, including business ones. Modern exhibitions, just like their historical predecessors, strive to attract as many interested visitors as possible and use all kinds of means for this, including the advantages of the destination where they take place. Obviously, the preferences of visitors from different parts of the world will be given, first of all, to attractive cities. At the same time, cities are trying to use all their potential and create attractive, unique offers to attract major exhibitions. After all, holding a major exhibition allows the city, namely, its business and community, to achieve several goals:
Holding exhibitions has an impact on the city, its appearance, the number of tourists not only during the exhibition itself, but also has long-term consequences. Suffice it to recall one of the most striking symbols of Paris - the Eiffel Tower. It is well known that the tower was created for the opening of the World Exhibition in Paris in 1889 as an arch on the way to the pavilions of the exhibition and, moreover, it was planned to be demolished 20 years later, but for more than 100 years it has been a symbol of the capital of the country and attracts millions of tourists annually.
Exhibitions continue to act as an important factor in the development of the city, shaping its territory and appearance even in the post-industrial era. The experience of such world-recognized leading cities in exhibition business as Milan, Barcelona, Hannover is also used in our country. Thus, it is planned that by 2020 a Smart City will appear near Kazan - Smart City, one of the most important goals of creating which, judging by the plans, is to hold events of the MICE industry - exhibitions and congresses.
Thus, one of the promising areas of economic development is tourism, incl. its types, as event tourism. Modern cities Those seeking to develop the tourism sector should, after analyzing the existing advantages and resources, formulate strategic goals and concentrate on the type of urban tourism for the development of which there are competitive advantages. One of the most promising types of urban event tourism is exhibitions of various sizes, attracting both professionals and ordinary visitors; thereby creating jobs for holding and servicing the exhibition, stimulating the construction of modern exhibition complexes and infrastructure; contributing to the "overflow of knowledge" and the promotion of the brand of the city as a tourist destination.
Reviewers:
Introduction
1. Theoretical foundations of the direction of socio-economic development of the municipal district
1 The concept, essence, tasks and principles of diagnosing socio-economic development
2 Organizational base of socio-economic diagnostics of the municipality
3 Methods for diagnosing the socio-economic development of a municipality
1.4 Regulatory - legal framework activities of the Administration of the Sheksninsky municipal district
2. Diagnostics of the socio-economic development of the Sheksna municipal district
2.1 General characteristics of the Sheksninsky municipal district
2.2 Analysis of the economic situation
3 Analysis of the social sphere
3. Measures to improve the socio-economic climate in the Sheksna municipal district
3.1 Development of the industrial sector of the economy
2 Agro development industrial complex
3.3 Creation of favorable conditions for the development of small and medium-sized businesses
4 Evaluation of the socio-economic efficiency of the proposed activities
Conclusion
List of sources used
Introduction
Any financial system has the ability to be effective when, in certain life circumstances, the basic goals of society are achieved: high quality and standard of living of the population, harmonious social relationships, stable dynamics of financial development. Therefore, a successful market economy must be constructed. It is the result of active and meaningful actions by the authorities, designed to make up for what market mechanisms cannot do on their own.
An important function of power in the formation of a productive economy is strategic design and goal setting. Therefore, an explanation of the main long-term milestones to be achieved in the economy and the public sphere is the main part of the strategic document. It must also contain a study of financial, social and legal measures aimed at achieving the intended motivated benchmarks.
It is possible to achieve these goals only by means of a competent and up-to-date forecast of the social and financial situation that has formed in the region under study.
The purpose of our work is to develop proposals for improving the situation in the Sheksninsky municipal district based on a study of its socio-economic situation.
In accordance with the goal, the solution of the following tasks is set:
1. The study of the theoretical foundations of socio-economic development:
a) the concept and essence of socio-economic development;
b) goals, objectives and principles of development;
c) structure and indicators of development;
d) information support for socio-economic development.
2. Carrying out monitoring of the socio-economic situation of the Sheksninsky municipal district.
3. Making proposals for improving the socio-economic situation of the region and assessing their effectiveness.
According to the topic of the work, the object of research is the Sheksninsky municipal district. The subject of the study is the socio-economic situation that has developed in a given territory.
In this work, we used research methods: analysis of scientific and educational literature, comparison of the opinions of specialists who studied this problem, a graphical method, a tabular method, as well as a method of personal observations.
The practical significance of our work lies in the fact that the studies carried out in it have every chance of being the basis for the creation of strategic documents, including the “Concept for the Development of the Sheksninsky Municipal District” and the “Strategy for the Development of the Municipal District”. The measures proposed by us can be used as options for improving the socio-economic development of the region.
economic agro-industrial entrepreneurship
1 . Theoretical foundations of the direction of socio-economic development of the municipal district
1.1 The concept, essence, tasks and principles of diagnosing socio-economic development
In the natural sciences, the term "monitoring" has been used for a long time and systematically (environmental studies, research technological processes, medicine, etc.). As a type of scientific and practical activity, socio-economic monitoring is interpreted differently depending on the vision of its essence, implementation mechanisms, distinctive properties, features, and is most often identified with an assessment of the socio-economic situation of the object of study.
Certain scientists (Revaikin, Bystritsky, etc.) before forecasting social and financial conditions control the process and nature of the quality of changes in the economy associated with its transition from one state to another. A number of authors hold a slightly different opinion: under monitoring socio-economic, national-ethnic and political situation in the regions Russian Federation is understood as a specially organized and permanent system of accounting (statistical reporting), collection, analysis and dissemination of information, additional information and analytical surveys (population surveys, etc.) and assessment (diagnostics) of the state, development trends and severity of general regional situations and specific regional problems.
In practice municipal government At the moment, a unified concept of decision-making on socio-economic diagnostics has not been developed in terms of ranking and presenting information for analysis, therefore, the following difficulties arise before the city administration and management:
A successful data collection system due to the large number of characteristics that determine the public and financial place of urban education;
implementation of an impartial assessment of the changes taking place in urban education;
modeling the formation of social and financial actions;
appropriate development of stabilizing actions aimed at maintaining positive and reducing unfavorable trends.
Data solution
Consider the concept of socio-economic development, and then some definitions of the concept of diagnostics of socio-financial development.
The socio-economic development of a municipality is a controlled process of qualitative change in the social and economic spheres, which does not worsen the state of the environment and leads to an improvement in the living conditions of the population, that is, enabling local communities to more fully meet their needs at a lower cost.
Socio-economic diagnostics is understood as a system for monitoring, evaluating and forecasting the economic and social situation that is developing in a certain territory. In this definition, the essence of the concept under consideration is revealed in a rather brief form, the tasks and stages of socio-economic diagnostics are defined.
The following monitoring tasks are defined:
determination of the main indicators that give a more accurate idea of the socio-economic development of the municipality;
organization of supervision, acquisition of accurate and clearly stated information on the conduct of socio-economic processes on the territory of the municipality;
analysis of available information, determination of the causes influencing the development of economic processes;
increasing the return of management of the municipality;
proposal of an action plan to improve the social environment of the municipality.
The identified tasks clearly show what activities, and in what quantity, should be implemented to improve the social and economic condition in the region.
The main principles for the development of the socio-economic direction are:
1. Purposefulness - a properly planned diagnosis should include an orientation towards resolving certain administrative problems.
Consistency - an analysis of urban education like a subsystem with a larger social concept, including the study of its relationships with other territorial links.
3. Complexity - the observation of individual areas and trends in the formation of urban education has a need to be realized in connection with neighboring areas; it is necessary to implement the successive resolution of a whole set of forecasting problems according to any of its currents.
4. Continuity - supervision over the subject of research.
Cyclicity - the removal of data on occurring modifications.
Comparability of used diagnostic characteristics in time.
Based on these questions and principles, it is possible to set conditions for applicants in the implementation of studies in this area.
1.2 Organizational base of socio-economic diagnostics of the municipality
The information fund of socio-economic diagnostics should be systematized long-term data on the economic and social situation that is developing in the area in the context of, for example, the main areas of diagnostics, regulatory and reference materials summarized in statistical registers and databases. The information basis for socio-economic diagnostics can be databases of regional executive authorities and local governments, institutions, organizations; specialized databases for monitoring the state of health and physical development of the population, for ensuring sanitary and epidemiological well-being and the human environment, etc., data from state statistical reporting, materials from surveys, programs, projects, and the like.
There is a rather huge database of information that forms the basis of guidelines for diagnosing the social and financial formation of the municipality. The information must be structured and systematized by the experts of municipalities and regions in order to be comfortable using it during research activities. It is necessary to take into account, when assessing the social and financial condition of the urban settlement, the complex of the above characteristics in order to establish further priority directions and improvements of the municipality based on the certainty of the area.
V.N. Leksin identifies as the main priorities of the socio-economic diagnostics of urban education, such components as:
budgetary potential, established by the size of district taxes and fees, deductions from higher taxes and fees, revenues from the lease of the property of the city unit;
industrial possibilities, determined by the structure and volume of production, the magnitude and return on the use of funds;
attractive investment potential, determined by the amount of resources involved in production;
public infrastructure reserves, described by the number and quality of infrastructure facilities;
demographic opportunities established by the total number of residents of the area, the dynamics of the growth of decline, migration processes;
working opportunities, formed by educational, qualification characteristics, employed in the context of industries.
Monitoring the quality of life of the population includes:
Health monitoring. Indicators of the state of health of the population are the average life expectancy; mortality, including child and maternal; the number of newborns in need of rehabilitation. Public health monitoring should be carried out in conjunction with environmental monitoring, monitoring the level of medical care, normal living conditions, food, and recreation.
The main directions of environmental monitoring are related to the assessment of the state of surface and groundwater, atmospheric air, soil cover, the impact of noise and radiation backgrounds on the environment.
Monitoring the level of medical care for the population involves assessing its provision with outpatient facilities and the inpatient network, the compliance of the number of medical staff with accepted standards, the availability and accessibility of medicines and medicines.
Monitoring the level of housing provision involves, in addition to assessing the provision, an assessment of the level of housing improvement, the nature of the settlement, and compliance with modern planning and hygiene requirements.
The main indicator of the quality of nutrition of the population is to provide them with the required amount of kilocalories and grams of protein. As part of monitoring, it is necessary to assess the consumption of basic food products by the population in the following groups: meat and meat products in terms of meat, sugar, vegetable oil, potatoes, vegetables and melons, bread products. It is also necessary to assess the saturation of the local market with food products in terms of volume and assortment, the quality of goods sold, and the availability (spatial and financial) of food products.
When monitoring the sphere of recreation and leisure, the level of physical culture movement, the level and trends in the development of urban areas of mass recreation, the conditions for holding recreational events and the availability of these events are assessed. Among the main indicators characterizing the level of physical culture work and the possibilities of the recreational sphere in the city, one can indicate the number of teams of athletes, the volume of sales paid services population, the state of the material and technical base of physical culture and sports facilities, measuring the capacity (capacity) of recreational facilities.
During the transition to market economy of particular importance is the assessment of the standard of living of socially unprotected segments of the population. Therefore, monitoring the standard of living of the population should include an assessment of the real purchasing power of the average pension (allowances, scholarships).
Monitoring of the social well-being of the population is carried out in order to identify the attitude of the population to the level of their material well-being, health status, degree of personal security, the course of economic reforms, readiness and ability to adapt to new living conditions, political freedoms, etc. .
Tension in society seems to be a significant component of monitoring the lifestyle of society. The following are considered indicators of social tension: emotions, attitude about existing measures to meet needs, distribution of benefits, attitude about the activities of social institutions that ensure the implementation of requests and interests, the desire of social groups to provide protection and protect their basic needs and interests.
It can be concluded that monitoring the socio-economic potential of the region makes it possible to foresee the possibilities, reserves, of the municipality when using the whole complex of various kinds of resources.
Any diagnosis that claims to reflect the essence of the socio-economic development of the municipality meets two basic requirements:
) be systemic, that is, characterize the ongoing processes and phenomena in interconnection;
2) be structurally complete and logically complete (obligatory consistent observance of all stages of diagnostics: ranking (collection), analysis and evaluation of available information).
The presence of a huge number of indicators characterizing the socio-economic development of municipalities does not allow unequivocally assessing the effectiveness of the management system, so it became necessary to develop a generalizing (integral) indicator of the socio-economic state of the municipality, the use of which will allow us to compare the level of development of various territories and identify the most acute problems .
The presence of a large number of characteristics that determine the social and financial formation of urban entities does not make it possible to specifically assess the effectiveness of the management organization; as a result, there is a need to study a generalizing (accumulated) feature of the public and financial capital of urban consciousness, the use of which will make it possible to compare the degree of formation of different zones and discover more precise tasks.
To launch the socio-economic diagnostics of the MO, it is necessary to adopt a system of indicators in the context of its key movement paths.
The defining criteria for the optimal choice of indicators are: reliability and objectivity; optimality; comparability; ease of search and provision. When approving a system of diagnostic indicators, it is important to determine the maximum and minimum values (extreme values) of indicators, the prevalence of which interferes with the normal course of development of the socio-economic situation and leads to the formation of negative trends.
A full analysis of the directions of socio-economic development of the municipality proposed above will make it possible to identify the pros and cons of specific territories, determine the potential for formation as a result of positive competitive relations, and propose a unified plan of measures to improve certain areas of public life.
1.3 Methods for diagnosing the socio-economic development of the municipality
An important circumstance in improving the ways in which district government organizations influence the changes taking place in the local concept seems to be an analysis of the performance of public administration. financial formation urban consciousness.
It is customary to evaluate the effectiveness of management in accordance with the dynamics of the degree of social and financial formation of an urban settlement. There are different methods for assessing the degree of public financial formation, which include international, federal, regional, local.
The main advantages of the available methods for assessing the degree of social and financial formation include the selection of data in order to calculate indicators that affect the value of indicators, the ease of drawing calculations, the presence of accumulated indicators that make relative studies easier. The data make it possible to continuously evaluate systems using such structures in-house in urban areas.
The need to establish the order of characteristics of the social and financial formation of individual urban entities, and in addition to the accumulated sign of the social and financial state of urban entities, is also recognized by academic workers of the All-Russian Scientific Center for Economics and Technology of the CEMI RAS. Thus, S.N. Dubov in his own work "Assessment of the level of socio-economic development of municipalities" states that: "It is required to establish an order of characteristics that would more fairly reflect the state of affairs in the economy, and in addition the economic situation of urban entities." Now there are already a series of methods for establishing such characteristics, and the methodological aspect used in them is absolutely applicable in order to conclude the problem of assessing the degree of social and financial development of various regions of the Vologda Oblast. S.N. Dubov in his work focuses on 4 characteristics:
1) determining the degree of formation of public infrastructure;
) reflecting the degree of personal use;
) characteristics of the degree and productivity of financial work;
) economic characteristics.
In all blocks, 5-8 indicators are allocated, which to varying degrees (directly or indirectly) determine the level of social and financial development of the region's districts from various angles. The main source of information for filling in the system is the data of the Vologda Regional Committee of State Statistics. But the proposed S.N. Dubov's methodology is too cumbersome and there is not enough statistical information to calculate many indicators, so it is proposed to analyze the original system and exclude a number of indicators.
In order to obtain the results of comparing the functioning of the territories of the region, the Vologda Regional State Statistics Committee used such a research method as the rating method, based on the use of a system of indicators and making it possible to compare neighboring regions with each other. The proposed methodology is based on an integrated, multidimensional approach.
The choice of a system of indicators is based on the principle of comparing ranked objects according to: the dynamics of economic development, the manufacturing sector, the productivity of agricultural production, the degree of investment, financial stability, public orientation. The reliance is placed on such indicators of the development of the regions of the region as the volume of industrial (gross) production, cash investments in fixed capital, consumer products, circulation of goods, the volume of commercial services, distribution of goods, the introduction of new residential areas, the number of unemployed, the consumer price index, the cost index of producers of industrial (industrial) products. The choice of this data system with their subsequent integration into a generalized indicator of improvement in the economy and the public sphere is due to the fact that it covers the characteristics of many aspects of the financial and public sphere to a certain extent, and can comprehensively reflect socio-economic differentiation at the municipal level.
In order to form an estimate, an elastic computational method was used, which has the ability to accurately modify multidimensional relative parsing (in this case, comparing the results of the work of municipalities according to a wide range of characteristics). The method makes it possible to take into account not only the formation data of any municipal district, but also the level of their proximity (distance) from the characteristics of the ideal value. In a similar way, the analysis of ratings in statistics and dynamics makes it possible to characterize the degree and dynamics of the social and financial formation of urban formations, on the other hand, to provide a relative characteristic of this formation and designate the values of a single municipal district. The main advantage of the method used is the probability of assessing the organization of heterogeneous conditions, which is based on a comparison of the subjects under consideration.
A necessary component in the analysis of the management of the social and financial formation of urban entities is the analysis of the movement of strategic planning and programming. From this position, the methodology created in 2001 seems to be more detailed. International Center for Public and Financial Studies "Leontief Centre". The advantages of this technique are:
systematic orientation - a considerable number of criteria and characteristics surrounding virtually all stages and components of the research movement and the implementation of the strategic project of the municipality;
clarity and ease of calculation using the proposed weighted coefficients;
the presence of appointments and additions designed to greatly simplify the implementation of the assessment and guarantee the acquisition of comparable results;
informative and methodical service for the use of technology, provided by the International Center for Public and Financial Studies "Leontief Center" in a special Internet server.
A significant disadvantage of the technology provided is the lack of development of criteria that are required to guarantee an assessment of the results of the implementation of a strategic project.
In a similar way, so far there are no general methods for analyzing the performance of managing the public financial formation of urban entities. There is no general layout for the establishment of social and financial formation. There is no regular activity to collect statistical data of urban entities. The established concept of statistical characteristics does not meet local requirements in any way. In most urban formations, directed activities are not carried out according to the improvement of formation management. As a result, the subject of study does not have sufficient data to analyze the information base.
This technology defines the key statements, foundations, the concept of characteristics and the method of a unified assessment of the degree of social and financial formation of urban entities. The sources of data for the purpose of performing the assessment are: statistical documentation; documents of tax organizations; document of organizations on the implementation of the budgets of municipalities; expert assessments.
The level of socio-economic development of the municipality (Level) is a complex indicator, which is defined as the product of two additional integral indicators with weighting coefficients:
Y i \u003d Y 1 s.- eq. pr., i * E 2 s.- eq. e.g., i , (1.1)
where Y i - the level of socio-economic development of the MO;
In s.-ek. e.g., i - the level of development of the socio-economic space of the Moscow region;
E s.-ek. e.g., i - efficiency of using the socio-economic space of the Moscow region;
1, 2 - significance coefficients in the rating system (weight coefficients, their sum is equal to 1, determined by the subject of the Russian Federation;
i- the number of the municipality in the constituent entity of the Russian Federation. The final comprehensive assessment must necessarily include both indicators, none of them can be zero, and the contribution of each indicator is significant.
The level of development of the socio-economic space of the municipality is calculated as follows:
In s.-ek. ex, i = 1 FS i + 2 ER i + 3 SR i ,%., (1.2)
where U s.-ek. pr, i - the level of development of the socio-economic space of the Moscow region;
1 , 2 , 3 - significance coefficients in the rating system (weight coefficients, their sum is equal to 1, determined by the subject of the Russian Federation;
FS i - financial condition;
ER i - level of economic development;
SR i - level social development;
i- the number of the municipality.
Indicators of economic condition, degree of financial formation, degree of social formation are calculated on the basis of Personal characteristics. The characteristics are always added to the weights, in a similar way (1.2).
The indicator of the economic condition of the MO is calculated according to the following criteria:
) budgetary provision;
) the size of the personal earnings of the budget;
) connection between profit and expenses of the city budget;
) part of the economic support in the earnings of the city budget.
The indicator of the degree of financial formation of the MO is calculated according to the following features:
) taxable basis for income tax, value added tax, income tax and corporate property tax;
) debts according to tax payments to the amount of tax payments;
) capital-labor ratio (the ratio of the means of production assets, the main and used resources - to the available number of inhabitants);
) average monthly wages and payments of a public nature to each employee;
) part of the proceeds from small companies in the amount of tax revenues;
) number of small business organization.
The indicator of the degree of social formation of the MO is calculated according to the following features:
) housing situation (supply of apartments, introduction of new apartments);
) education (supply of preschool children with places in kindergartens, overload per teacher in daytime general education schools, etc.)
) health care (supply of residents with places in clinics for the purpose of inpatient treatment, the number of medical workers per 10 thousand inhabitants, infant mortality, etc.);
) public service;
) motor transport service;
) communication services;
) recreational area;
) public security, etc.
The number of characteristics according to any index has the ability to fluctuate due to the different depth and direction of the analysis.
The effectiveness of the use of the public and financial space of the MO is calculated according to the following formula:
E s.-ek. etc.,i
=
1
QOLi
+
2
KUSi
+
3
KUMOi
,% ., (3)
where E s.-ek. ex., i- efficiency of using the socio-economic space of the Moscow region,%;
1 , 2 , 3 - significance coefficients in the rating system (weight coefficients, their sum is equal to 100%), determined by the subject of the Russian Federation (municipal district);
QOL - the quality of life of the population,%;
KUS - quality of management of economic entities,%;
KUMO - the quality of management of the municipality,%;
i - municipality number.
To determine the integral indicator of the quality of life of the population, it is recommended to use the following system of indicators, including objective and subjective (expert) indicators:
) living conditions (production activity: employment, nature of labor, content of labor; non-productive activities: living conditions and consumer services, provision of the population with goods and services);
) standard of living (income, expenses of the population);
) health and reproductive activity.
To determine the integral indicator of the quality of management of economic entities, it is proposed to use the following indicators: net profit, received by all economic entities located on the territory of the municipality, related to the population; share of profitable business entities.
When determining the integral indicator of the quality of management of the MO, it is proposed to use the following indicators: the organization of management of the municipality (creation of the necessary legislative framework for the activities of local governments, the quality of management regulation, etc.); the quality of public services provided on the territory of the municipality.
To calculate the values of the weight coefficients in the proposed technology, two methods can be used. One consists in direct assessment by each expert of the importance of each criterion and simple statistical processing of the questionnaires. The second approach is based on the formation of a sufficiently large set of survey cards and the processing of expert assessments. It reduces the subjectivity of expert assessments and improves the quality of calculations.
At the final stage of assessing the level of socio-economic development of municipalities belonging to one subject of the Russian Federation (municipal district), they are divided into groups: with a relatively high level of development; with a level of development above the average; with an average level of development; with a level of development below the average; With low level development; with an extremely low level of development.
Let us pay attention to the methodology that is used by a number of institutions of public and financial monitoring of administrative-territorial formations in the Republic of Karelia, carried out by the Institute of Economics of the KAR SC RAS. The method implies an assessment of the area according to the dynamism of the formation of individual social and financial actions using the method of accumulated integral characteristics recommended in the Concept of the social and financial formation of the development of the Republic of Karelia "Revival of Karelia" for the period 2002-2010.
The criterion for evaluating the implementation of the Concept is an integral indicator of the socio-economic development of the territory, formed on the basis of private indicators, including:
Demographics:
life expectancy, years.
Welfare of the population:
purchasing power of per capita cash income (ratio cash income to living wage), once;
share of cash income in total amount income of the population (excluding spending on food products), %;
share of the population with incomes above the subsistence level in the total population, %;
Social:
share of expenditures of the consolidated budget for the social sphere in the gross regional product, %;
share of employed people in the total number of economically active population, %;
share of citizens who have not committed a crime in the total population, %.
Economic:
growth index of basic sectors of the economy, %;
index of physical volume of production, %;
growth rate of investments in fixed assets in comparable prices, %.
All private indicators are combined into an integrated indicator of socio-economic development, calculated according to the following formula:
, %., (1.3)
where i - private indicator index;
n- the total number of private indicators;
K i- significance factor i- th private indicator;
Ri- actual value i- th private indicator;
NRi- normative value i- th private indicator;
U- an integral indicator of socio-economic development .
The integral indicator should be calculated annually according to statistics. The significance of private indicators that make up the integral indicator is determined in points by an expert. For standard value i th private indicator, its value is taken to the base - the previous year. The steady growth of the integral indicator will indicate positive trends in the change in the socio-economic status of territorial entities.
In a similar way, a number of different methods assessment of the degree of social and financial formation, until today there are no general methods for parsing the performance of management of the public and financial formation of municipalities. The technology used today by state bodies of the government does not provide an opportunity to evaluate the effectiveness of the management of the public and financial formation of municipalities with absolute accuracy. This necessitates the search for new approaches and the study of the most impartial assessments of the results of formation and directional influences that determine the direction and dynamics of regional formation.
In order to extract fair results, the following nuances should be taken into account: the opinion of the population, the nature and amount of information about the activities, coverage of the activities of local authorities in development management, the degree of interaction between development management subjects, and an orientation towards finding non-standard ways to solve problems.
Thus, in a comprehensive analysis, assessment indicators should be used, calculated in the database not only of statistical information, but also of the results of a sample survey of the population of the municipality, analysis of the use of management tools for the formation and information of regional self-government organizations on the service performed.
1.4 Regulatory and legal framework for the activities of the Administration of the Sheksninsky municipal district
O.E. Kutafin and V.I. Fadeev before the legal framework of regional self-government implies the concept of normative legal actions that determine the formation, forms of execution and obligations of regional self-government, its problems and functions, and in addition the area of responsibility and obligations of organizations and officials of regional self-government, their relations with national authorities, residents and their societies in the Russian Federation.
In Russia, the legal basis of local self-government is made up of legal acts, which, taking into account the different levels of legal regulation, can be divided into four main groups:
) norms international law, international treaties of the Russian Federation;
) the Constitution of the Russian Federation, federal constitutional laws, federal laws, acts of the President, the Government of the Russian Federation, other federal executive bodies;
) constitutions, charters, laws of subjects of the Russian Federation;
) statutes and other normative legal acts of municipalities that regulate the organization and activities of local self-government.
One of the deepest and most stable foundations of local self-government is the Constitution of the Russian Federation. It was in the Constitution that for the first time the initial principles of the organization and activity of local self-government were fixed, its place and role in the state-legal structure of Russian society were determined.
The Constitution of the Russian Federation approves local self-government as one of the forms of exercising democracy, recognition and guarantee of local self-government, the isolation of local self-government from the system of state authorities, the independence of local self-government within its powers, the definition of forms of local self-government, the obligatory consideration of historical and other local traditions, state guarantee and judicial protection of local self-government.
The federal law "On the General Principles of the Organization of Local Self-Government in the Russian Federation" fixed the list of powers of state authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation in the field of local self-government.
The federal law includes the establishment and provision of federal guarantees of local self-government to the powers of state authorities of the Russian Federation: state minimum social standards; federal programs development of local self-government; procedure for judicial protection of the rights of local self-government; the procedure for judicial protection of the rights of local self-government, etc.
State authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation carry out legal regulation local self-government: they adopt, for example, laws of the subjects of the Federation on local self-government, on municipal elections, on a local referendum, on municipal service.
The charter of the municipality:
) has the features of a founding document. It is in the charter that the very system of local self-government, the structure of its bodies is determined (established). The only requirement is the obligatory presence of an elected body;
) is adopted by the population of the municipality itself or its representative body with the direct participation of the population (in the form of a discussion of the draft charter);
) in terms of its regulation is an act of a comprehensive nature. It is designed to consolidate and regulate relations not in any one area of public life, but in all the main areas of life of the local community and its members;
) serves as the basis for further local rule-making and has the highest legal force in relation to all other acts of this municipality.
The charter is a source of law and is considered as a kind of acts of codification value. The current legislation provides for various cases of the adoption of charters as one of the forms of regulatory legal acts designed to: regulate the organization and procedure for activities in a certain area government controlled(Charter of railways, for example). The charter as a special type of normative legal acts is characterized by the fact that it is called upon to fix the organization, the structure of a particular social system, to establish the legal foundations for its functioning, i.e. secure legal status.
2 . Diagnostics of the socio-economic development of the Sheksna municipal district
2.1 General characteristics of the Sheksninsky municipal district
It was first mentioned in letters of the 15th century. as the Ust-Ugla volost, located at the confluence of the Ugla River
Sheksna - urban-type settlement
The area of the district: 2.5 thousand square meters. km; territory - 252,807 ha.
Population - 21 195 people. (2015).
Located at the intersection of railway (Sheksna station), automobile (on highway A114
Distance to the regional center
The settlement is mainly located along the left bank of the Sheksna River.
Sheksna is the largest of the settlements of the Vologda region that do not have the status of a city, and the 5th of all the settlements of the region
Table 2.1 - Population statistics of the district
The food and woodworking industries are widely developed in the village. The following companies operate:
LLC "Sheksninsky plant of wood-based panels";
LLC "Sheksninsky combine of bakery products";
OJSC "Sheksninsky District Food Plant";
JSC "Sheksninsky flax plant";
LLC Koskisilva;
PC "Sheksninsky Butter Plant";
LLC "United House-Building Company";
JSC "Poultry Farm Sheksninskaya";
Sheksninskaya HPP
KS-21 Gazprom Transgaz Ukhta LLC;
TPZ Sheksna is a metallurgical plant owned by OAO Severstal
The climatic conditions of the region are quite favorable for the cultivation of winter rye, oats, barley, spring wheat, fiber flax, potatoes, root crops, red clover, spring vetch, as well as for obtaining high yields of grassland grasses.
The forest fund - the total area of 142.9 thousand hectares, including 133.7 thousand hectares covered with forest (including 47.8 thousand hectares of mature and overmature). Timber stock - 23,100.0 thousand m³, including conifers - 10,700.0 thousand m³. Estimated cutting area - 263.1 thousand m³, including conifers - 65.1 thousand m³.
Sand and gravel materials (33,404 thousand cubic meters), sands (553 thousand cubic meters), boulders (688 thousand cubic meters), brick clay (9,764 thousand cubic meters), peat (38,423 thousand tons).
Surface waters (water taken from open water bodies 6,454 thousand m³).
Underground waters (water intake from artesian wells - 700 thousand m³).
Used surface and ground water - 6,518 thousand m³.
Fish resources by water bodies, incl. Sheksna reservoir, planned use of the resource - 26 tons.
Licensed animal species: elk (at the beginning of the year 1,163 individuals), wild boar (476), bear (75), otter (9), marten (290), beaver (87).
Other types of game animals (lynx, mink, fox, wolf, polecat, squirrel, white hare, capercaillie, black grouse - the beginning of the year 20,191 individuals).
The area of hunting grounds is 240.1 thousand hectares.
Water protection zones of rivers, lakes, streams and coastal strips; cranberry swamps; capercaillie currents; drinking wells; forests performing protective and coastal strips; archeological monuments (settlements); an architectural monument (the village of Pogorelka, the manor estate of the landowner Sychev).
Perpetual nature reserves of regional significance: Shelomovskoe swamp, area 730 ha.
Natural monuments of regional significance: Lake Okunevo, area 36 ha.
The total area of specially protected territories is 2,193 ha.
The system of local self-government bodies of the Sheksninsky municipal district consists of:
administration of the Sheksninsky municipal district;
Chamber of Control and Accounts of the Sheksninsky municipal district;
representative assembly of the Sheksninsky municipal district;
Department of Municipal Property of the Sheksninsky Municipal District;
Department of Agriculture of the Sheksninsky municipal district;
department of social protection of the population of the Sheksninsky municipal district;
financial department of the Sheksninsky municipal district;
department of education of the Sheksninsky municipal district.
The main indicators for assessing the level of municipalities are presented in Table 2.2.
Table 2.2 - Main indicators used to assess the level of municipalities
|
Index |
Numeric value |
|
Receipt of own revenues to the local budget |
297 million rubles |
|
Donations |
540 million rubles. |
|
Sales volume of industrial products |
5355.1 million rubles |
|
Investment size |
0.499 million rubles |
|
Retail turnover |
2356.4 million rubles |
|
Paid services to the population |
435.6 million rubles |
|
11795 thousand tons |
|
|
Milk production |
20.3 thousand tons |
|
0.1 thousand tons |
|
|
Number of registered unemployed |
|
|
average salary |
It can be concluded that the Sheksninsky district has a great natural resource potential, the reasonable use of which will make it possible to achieve sustainability in the public and financial areas of the municipal establishment.
2.2 Analysis of the economic situation
Considering the financial condition of the Sheksninsky district, one should study the dynamics of the main production characteristics, especially note the main areas that form the basis for the formation of the territory, highlight the possibilities for increasing the degree of development of the district. In accordance with the ranking of urban formations of the Vologda Oblast, according to the degree of social and financial formation, in 2015 the Sheksninsky district was classified as an area with an average degree of social and financial development. It is also necessary to indicate that the district has been steadily located in the given group over the past 5 years, with a development perspective.
Consider the dynamics of shipped goods for the period 2011-2015, which is shown in Figure 2.1.
Figure 2.1 - Dynamics of shipped goods in 2011-2015
The size of shipped products of industrial production in percentage terms in 2013 compared to 2012 increased by 42.3%. The peak of industrial production was observed in 2013 - in comparison with 2011, shipment volumes increased by 2 times, which is explained by the commissioning of the pipe-profile plant of Severstal-TPZ Sheksna LLC in full.
The distribution in the total volume of districts of the region in terms of the volume of shipped products from the Sheksninsky municipal district is 15.0% - 2nd place (1st place from the Sokolsky district).
The enterprises of the district continue to master new technologies and put into operation new capacities, incl. :
LLC "SHKDP" - completed the 2nd stage of modernization of the fiberboard line for the production of boards medium density- installation of the mill "Palman", at the end of 2014, the 5th lamination line was purchased and installed in the production of fiberboard;
LLC "Severstal TPZ" Sheksna "- the plant has reached its design capacity, in 2014-2016 it is planned to produce the products provided for by the project;
PC "Sheksninsky Butter Plant" - there is a constant modernization of production and systematic work aimed at improving the quality and safety of the product, which allows the company to work profitably and maintain high demand for manufactured products;
LLC "Gazprom Transgaz Ukhta" Sheksninskoye LPU MG - completed the construction of the 4th compressor shop on the second line of the North European gas pipeline - one of the most important objects last decade;
the production of environmentally friendly products from flax was launched at the flax plant LLC APK Vologodchina.
Agricultural activity in the Sheksninsky district is carried out by 13 agricultural producers and 4 peasant (farm) enterprises.
Agricultural enterprises are engaged in the cultivation and procurement of fodder, grain production, flax growing, dairy and meat animal husbandry, and poultry farming.
The share of the district in the regional gross agricultural output in 2015 is:
meat production - 19% (8935 tons) - 3rd place; per 1 inhabitant 268.9 kg - 2nd place;
in terms of gross harvest of grain and leguminous crops - 10% - 3rd place,
in milk production - 5.2% (20187 tons) - 5th place, per 1 inhabitant - 607.5 kg - 11th place.
Consider the dynamics of agricultural products for 5 years (Figure 2.2).
Figure 2.2 - Dynamics of agricultural products of the Sheksna region, thousand tons.
After analyzing the figure, we see that there has been a decrease in all sectors of agriculture.
The main reasons for the deterioration of the state of the agro-industrial complex were: the delay in financing from the federal and regional budgets, the lack of investment in the industry through credit resources. Market transformations in Russia in the 90s of the last century, characterized by a decrease in the volume of public purchases of agricultural products, the rejection of concessional lending the agricultural sector, the reduction of subsidies and subsidies for logistics, land reclamation, chemicalization of agriculture, development of rural infrastructure, led to the development of a systemic crisis in all sectors of the agro-industrial complex, the consequences of which have not yet been eliminated.
Despite the recognition in recent years of agricultural development as one of the priorities of state policy, the existence of a number of targeted programs, the volume of budget support for the industry remains extremely low, which is one of the factors hindering the development of the agricultural sector. In 2011, 10 kopecks were allocated for agriculture in the Sheksninsky district from the regional budget per 1 ruble of agricultural products produced in all categories of farms (in current prices), in 2015 state support increased to 12 kopecks. The level of budgetary support for the region's agrarians is several times lower compared to countries where agriculture is more developed (EU, USA).
In other municipalities of the region, due to various factors, the potential for agricultural production was artificially reduced (Figure 2.3). In 13 out of 26 zones, where more than 37% of arable land is located and 43% of rural residents live, the level of rural potential remains extremely low. This impedes the development of not only these territories, but the entire region.
Figure 2.3 - Distribution of districts of the Vologda Oblast by the level of agricultural potential in 2015.
The consumer market plays an important role in the region's economy. Over the past decade, a powerful infrastructure of the consumer market has been formed. Including public catering, it includes more than 186 enterprises with a volume of retail space of 27 thousand square meters. m.
Consider the index indicators of the consumer market, which are presented below (Figure 2.4).
Figure 2.4 - Index indicators of the consumer market of the Sheksninsky municipal district for the period 2011-2015
Note:
* - data provided by the Federal State Statistics Service Territorial body of the Federal State Statistics Service for the Vologda Oblast.
Retail trade turnover in 2015 increased by 2 times compared to 2011 and amounted to 2,356.4 million rubles, per 1 inhabitant - 71 thousand rubles. (in 2011 - 35 thousand rubles).
The turnover of public catering also increased, in 2011 it amounted to 72.5 million rubles, and in 2015 it increased to 112 million rubles, the difference is 35.2%, which positively affects the economic and social development of the region.
The volume of paid services is stable, apart from the jump in 2012. Which is explained by a sharp increase in prices for the provision of services.
In order to improve the professional level of employees of trade enterprises, public catering and commodity producers of the district take an active part in regional exhibitions and fairs.
When monitoring the socio-economic development of the region, it is necessary to take into account the state of the social sphere.
2.3 Analysis of the social sphere
The demographic situation is described by indicators: population, birth rate, mortality, life expectancy, health of the population, considered in dynamics. First of all, it should be noted that in the Sheksninsky municipal district, both in the region and the country as a whole, in recent years there has been a difficult demographic situation. If on 01/01/2011 the population of the district was 35194 people, then by 01/01/2015 it decreased to 33228 people. The difference is 1966 people, which is a big difference for modern society.
Consider the population dynamics (figure 2.5).
Figure 2.5 - Dynamics of the population of the Sheksninsky municipal district for the period 2011-2015
The graph clearly shows the negative trend in the population of the Sheksninsky district. During the period under review, there was a decrease in the population by 1996 people, or by 5.6%. For a relatively small area, this is very significant. The reason for this negative trend is the excess of the death rate over the birth rate. As of January 1, 2015, the population of the district was 33.2 thousand people, including urban population- 21.1 thousand people, rural population - 12.1 thousand people. Over the past 5 years, the population has decreased by more than 5% (by 1.7% in the region as a whole).
Consider the birth and death rates of the Sheksna district in dynamics over 5 years (table 2.3).
Table 2.3 - Change in the number of births and deaths in the Sheksna municipal district in 2011-2015
In 2015, the lowest natural population decline in the last 20 years was recorded - 49 people. (2 times less than in 2013). The total fertility rate in 2014 was 13.5 per 1,000 people. population (in the region - 13.8); the mortality rate of the population is 15.0 per mille (in the region - 15.1 per mille). Compared to 2009, the birth rate increased by almost 10%, while the death rate decreased by 4.5%.
The table shows that over the past 5 years, a natural population decline has been observed in the Sheksna district. A favorable trend is an increase in the birth rate and a decrease in mortality, but the natural income of the population is not achieved. I would like to note that every year the number of children born is increasing, we hope in the future, this will have a positive impact on the number of created families.
The number of births in the Sheksninsky district in 2015 is more than in 2011 by 40 people, the mortality rate has decreased over the same period by 24 people. The main causes of death are diseases of the circulatory system (58%), injuries, poisoning and accidents (10%), malignant neoplasms (18%). The dynamics of fertility, mortality and natural decline are presented below (Figure 2.6).
Figure 2.6 - Dynamics of birth rate, mortality and natural decline in the population of the Sheksninsky municipal district for the period 2011-2015
Since 2012, there has been a positive trend in the birth rate. The introduction of measures to stimulate the birth rate ("maternity capital", the improvement of the system of benefits for birth, education, etc.), as well as the entry into the active phase of the childbearing age of a larger generation born in 1984-1989, played a big role.
In the structure of the population (Figure 2.7), the proportion of people younger than working age is 15.5%, of working age - 61.4%, older than working age - 23.2%.
Figure 2.7 - Age composition of the population of the district,%.
The largest proportion in the age structure of the population of the district is the share of the working-age population (61.4% in 2015), but this category tends to decrease. The proportion of the population older than working age, on the contrary, has been increasing over the past 3 years, which indicates the aging of the population of the Sheksna district and is equal to 23.20%. The proportion of the population younger than working age is 15.50%.
Thus, analyzing the demographic processes of the Sheksninsky district for the period from 2011 to 2015, the following trends can be noted:
) a significant reduction in the total population of the area;
) decrease in the rate of natural population loss;
) aging of the region's population;
) high mortality from various diseases.
It is also necessary to analyze the cash income of the population of the district, as one of the main indicators of the standard of living of the population. The basis for the analysis of cash income is the diagnosis of changes in average wages and pensions in the region.
In recent years, there has been a positive trend in the growth of the average monthly wages. The implementation of the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation dated May 7, 2012 No. 597 contributed to the increase in the level of wages of the residents of the district.
Table 2.4 - Average wages and average pensions in the Sheksna municipal district in 2011-2015
Having considered the change in wages for the period 2011 - 2015, we see that throughout the entire measurement period, the average monthly wage in the region grew. In 2015, compared to 2011, wages increased by 62%, this upward trend remained unnoticeable, because the level of food prices increased in parallel.
For the period 2011-2015, there is a stable increase in pensions: in 2011 compared to 2012 - by 0.17%, in subsequent years: by 11%; 15.5%; and in 2015 by 14.2%. For the period 2011 - 2015, the increase in pensions amounted to 4887 rubles or 36.7%. I would also like to note that in the district the level of pensions is below the average for the region, in 2015 it amounted to 13,300 rubles.
A positive situation has developed in the labor market. The area is characterized by an extremely low level of officially registered unemployment. In 2013, it decreased from 0.8% to 0.7% (the average for the region is 1.5%). Employers' need for workers is consistently higher than the number of officially registered unemployed citizens: the coefficient of tension in the labor market during 2013 ranged from 0.3 at the beginning of the year to 0.7 at the end of the year.
In the composition of citizens, the trend of female unemployment remains - 53%. In the total number of unemployed at the end of the year, 50% are residents of rural areas, as tension in the labor market remains high in rural settlements compared to the settlement due to the imbalance of supply and demand in the labor market. In the structure of vacancies, employers' preference is still reduced to working personnel (about 70% of the declared need).
In the medium term, the reduction in unemployment will largely be associated not only with the gradual employment of people as a result of increasing production, but also with the relationship with a decrease in the number of economically intensive population, which are affected by demographic restrictions (danger of a shortage of labor in working age and an aging population).
In the district, activities are carried out in accordance with the employment of socio-demographic groups of residents in the traditional areas of assistance in finding a job.
Let's analyze the number of unemployed and the unemployment rate in the Sheksna district in dynamics over 5 years (table 2.5).
Table 2.5 - Main indicators of unemployment in the Sheksna municipal district in 2011-2015
Table 2.5 shows that the number of unemployed in the Sheksna region is steadily decreasing. In 2011, compared to 2015, the number of registered unemployed decreased by 338 people. This is primarily due to the commissioning of new manufacturing enterprises, which has a positive effect on the level of the unemployed. The unemployment rate for the period from 2011 to 2015 decreases by 1.4% (0.7% in the Vologda Oblast - 3.7%).
A study of the current situation in the job market shows that the requirements for the quality of the labor force remain quite high, in connection with this, employees of low qualification or narrow qualification have fewer chances to find a new job and remain unclaimed in the vacancy market, as a result, there is a loss and obsolescence of knowledge, and at the same time the motivation to work.
2.4 Analysis of the financial sector
The district budget is one of the most effective tools for implementing the policy of local governments and solving problems of local importance. The competence of local authorities includes the solution of issues: social protection of the population, housing, health care, education, transport, utilities, ecology. To finance these expenditures, local self-government needs a sufficient level of revenue sources from local budgets.
The consolidated budget of the Sheksninsky municipal district includes the budgets of municipalities located on the territory of the district and the district budget. It should be noted that all budgets are subsidized. In the period 2011 - 2015, there is a steady upward trend in the volume of tax and tax revenue. In 2015, the consolidated budget of the district received 422.0 million rubles of tax and non-tax revenues, which is 227.9 million rubles more than in 2011. or almost 2.2 times. The growth in payments is due to an increase in the volume of production, retail turnover and the average wage of employees, as well as the emergence of new taxpayers, including in connection with the commissioning of new production facilities within the framework of investment projects in the industrial park "Sheksna".
In addition, the factor influencing the growth of tax and non-tax revenues in 2011-2015 was the establishment of uniform and additional standards for the budgets of municipalities of the district from a number of taxes received by the regional budget, including income tax individuals, tax levied using the simplified system of taxation, corporate property tax. These standards were established in exchange for subsidies from the regional financial support fund.
During the period from 2011 to 2015, there was a decrease in gratuitous receipts by 203.6 million rubles, the construction of an ice arena, a school, and a swimming pool was completed.
Consolidated budget expenditures for 2015 amounted to 846.0 million rubles, and increased by 10.0 million rubles compared to 2011, but compared to 2012, the increase amounted to 60.0 million rubles, mainly growth occurred in the education sector. The expenditure budget retains a social orientation. Expenditures in the field of the social sphere account for more than 70% of the expenditures of the consolidated budget of the district.
The budget deficit was not allowed to grow. In 2015, the budget surplus amounted to 7.3 million rubles.
The budgetary security of the district, based on the ratio of tax revenues per 1 inhabitant in 2011-2015, amounted to 12.5 thousand rubles, and in 2010 the budgetary security was 5.5 thousand rubles.
By 2015, the volume of municipal debt was reduced to a minimum, if in 2011 the ratio of the volume of municipal debt to the annual volume of budget revenues, excluding the volume of gratuitous receipts and (or) receipts of tax revenues under additional standards of deductions, was 1.8%, then in 2015 this the ratio is 0.09%.
Overdue accounts payable of the consolidated budget that arose as of January 1, 2011 in the amount of 25.2 million rubles. or 3.1% of the expenditure part of the budget, decreased by 18.7 million rubles. and as of January 1, 2015 amounted to 6.5 million rubles. or 0.7% of the expenditure part of the budget.
In the structure of own income, the largest share is occupied by:
personal income tax - 57.8%;
transport tax - 12.7%;
single tax on imputed income - 9.7%;
income from the use of state and municipal property - 6.4%.
Consider the structure of the formation of the revenue base of the budget of the Sheksna district (Figure 2.8).
Figure 2.7 - The structure of the formation of the own revenue base of the budget of the Sheksninsky municipal district,%.
From the structure of its own revenue base, it can be seen that the largest part of the income of the Sheksninsky municipal district is other income, which includes culture, energy, financial structures, management, law enforcement and judicial authorities. The second place is occupied by the forestry industry, they brought revenues of 18.9% to the budget, as well as wholesale and retail trade (15.5%) and education (8.7%).
The largest taxpayers in the Sheksninsky district are: LLC Sheksninsky Wood Board Plant, LLC Koskisilva, PK Sheksninsky Butter Plant, LLC Sheksninsky Korma, LLC PK Sheksninsky, LLC Sheksninsky Broiler, AtAg company.
3 . Measures to improve the socio-economic climate in the Sheksna municipal district
3.1 Development of the industrial sector of the economy
The main goal of the financial development of the municipality in the future is the absolute use of natural, industrial, labor and economic potentials in order to achieve a stable rate of financial growth, which also guarantees an increase in the well-being of residents. The study of the social and financial direction of the Sheksninsky district was thoroughly analyzed in the previous chapter. It provided an opportunity to determine the main directions of formation of the development of the region, in the direction of which it is necessary to create measures that will make it possible to improve the financial condition and position of the region.
The implementation of events within the framework of this strategic trend is aimed at developing and forming a processing industry in the economy, providing permanent work sites, increasing the tax base and encouraging the formation of the region's economy.
Since the Sheksninsky district is rich in forest resources, woodworking has traditionally been one of the most important sectors of the district's economy. However, unfortunately, today it is limited to logging and the production of simple sawn timber.
In order to realize the possibility of the area in the field of woodworking, it is necessary:
switch from the production of semi-finished products to the production of finished products;
use of new waste-free or low-waste wood processing technologies;
involvement of traders (investors) in order to form new production capacities;
production of a wooden figurative (artistic) product with a high added value (on topics related to the tourist sites of the area).
I would like to pay special attention to the event related to the production of art products with high added value (on topics related to the tourist sites of the region).
As you know, the Sheksninsky municipal district is popular in the region for its tourist facilities. A significant part of the region adjacent to the reservoir is a promising integrated tourist and recreational area. In the area there are places suitable for fishing, there are areas of hunting grounds.
The attractiveness of the area lies in cultural and educational tourism (the leading place is the village of Sizma), the variety of cultural, entertainment, event, sports and business events.
Work has intensified on the search and development of new display facilities, including the Bratkovo estate (estate tourism), the Chernoozerskaya wasteland (pilgrimage tourism).
In the ranking of districts of the region in terms of the number of visitors and tourists, the district is annually among the top five, according to the results of 2015, it is in 4th place. Since 2012, there has been a positive growth in the number of visitors and tourists - by 20% in 2015.
In 2013, according to the results of the regional competition "The Best Tourist Center of the Vologda Region", the district took 2nd place with a grant of 300.0 thousand rubles.
It should be noted that the souvenir products of the region and cultural objects very simple and ordinary. It includes magnets with photographs of attractions, mugs with similar objects. Linen souvenirs appeared in 2015, but they do not include symbols, but simply belong to the regional art.
Therefore, by our event, we propose to resume the work of the workshop in the Institution OE-256/12. Institution OE-256/12 is engaged in the production of cable packaging, shields, pallets, drums, furniture, using the forces of a special contingent for paid work. The institution has the necessary capacities to increase the production of furniture for social institutions, shields for snow protection of roads, sleeper grids for the railway.
The design of art products must be entrusted to one of the convicts for an additional payment, with the condition of official employment and pension accruals. And you can also attract from the side, transfer the design through email or an IC employee, but this is a costly and time-consuming option. Therefore, we propose to stop at the first option.
For the production of art products, at the enterprise of the institution, it will take 1 machine of wood monthly, the purchase of equipment for the production of products, paint and varnish measures, paint, funds for the repair of equipment. All this can be achieved with funds raised from investors. The approximate cost is calculated in table 3.1.
Table 3.1 - Cost of equipment for the production workshop
For the sale of products, on the territory of IK-12 there is a store with the products of the institution, which sells various goods produced by convicts. To sell products outside the institution, it is required to conclude contracts for the supply of souvenirs with retail outlets in the Sheksninsky district and the Vologda region.
Now the institution supplies sewing products, cable drums to various parts of Russia, working under a state order agreement. After the implementation of this measure, it is planned to increase profits. The plan is presented in table 3.2.
Table 3.2 - Planned revenue after the implementation of the measure
This table shows that after the implementation of the event, revenue increased by an average of 2 million rubles, which is 40%. Consequently, tax deductions will increase, to the local budget in the amount of 900,000 rubles, and 100,000 rubles to the federal one. In 2015, tax deductions amounted to 630,000 rubles to the local budget and 70,000 rubles to the federal budget. Compared to the planned revenue, the difference was 170,000 rubles to the local budget and 30,000 rubles to the federal budget. That will positively affect the socio-economic condition of the Sheksninsky municipal district.
Also, the implementation of this event will have a positive impact on increasing the flow of tourists. Because a favorable image of the Sheksninsky municipal district will be created, which will distinguish it from other tourist centers of the Vologda region. The planned number of tourists who visit and will visit the Sheksninsky district is shown in Table 3.3.
Table 3.3 - Planned number of tourists after the implementation of the event
According to the table, it can be seen that a decrease in the tourist flow is planned for 2016, this is due to the difficult economic situation. After the implementation of the event, it is planned to stabilize the influx of tourists, also due to the restoration of a favorable economic situation.
Also, as a result of the implementation of this direction, the following results will be achieved:
conditions have been created for attracting investments in the region, forming its favorable image and implementing industrial projects with the participation of external capital;
conditions have been created to increase tax revenues to the budgets of all levels from organizations of the industrial complex in the Sheksninsky district.
3.2 Development of the agro-industrial complex
The agro-industrial complex is the most important component of the economy of the region and Russia as a whole, where products vital to society are produced, and a huge economic potential is concentrated.
The most important link in the agro-industrial complex is agriculture. It occupies a special place not only in the agro-industrial complex, but also in the entire national economy.
Agricultural production (profitable production of a high-quality, competitive agricultural product by agricultural enterprises and individual farms):
1) ensuring the availability of obtaining a technical agreement on leasing;
) increase in the production of livestock products by increasing the reproduction of livestock;
) improving the properties of manufactured products;
) increase in productivity due to the improvement of agricultural technology, the introduction of basic and mineral fertilizers;
) the introduction of new technologies and organizational measures associated with the maintenance and nutrition of livestock;
) organization of state support to the owners of individual farms;
) creation of circumstances for the purpose of purchasing the product from the owners of individual auxiliary farms;
) development of measures to help and retain competent employees.
To accomplish the tasks set, a number of activities are envisaged:
) creating conditions for attracting investments in the modernization of production facilities;
) involvement of agricultural enterprises in obtaining state support in the following priority areas:
development of dairy farming;
development of beef cattle breeding;
development of the linen complex;
development of potato and vegetable growing;
development of fodder production;
development of the food and processing industry;
food safety and quality assurance;
development of agricultural markets;
) to reconstruct the existing livestock buildings, and if the depreciation of the livestock complexes exceeds the permissible level, the construction of new ones with the replacement and installation of high-performance technological equipment;
) gradually replace the herd of cattle with highly productive breeds;
) to obtain the status of breeding reproducers for the SPK "Rus", LLC "Sheksninskaya Zarya", CJSC "Sheksna", SPK (kolkhoz) "Niva".
For our graduation project, we will consider such an event as creating a highly qualified human resources potential and improving the staffing of the agro-industrial complex.
To accomplish this task, a number of activities are envisaged:
assistance to enterprises of training, retraining and advanced training of personnel of professions of enterprises of the agro-industrial complex, specialists of information and consulting services;
organization of assistance with educational institutions of higher and secondary professional level of the region;
carrying out work on career guidance in the schools of the district;
creating an increase in the prestige of agricultural professions and popularizing the rural lifestyle will be carried out, including:
lump-sum payments to specialists of the agro-industrial complex;
introduction and holding of district and regional competitions, and competitions in the field of agriculture.
Consider the number of vacancies in the field of agriculture. The data are presented in table 3.4.
Table 3.3 - Number of vacancies in agriculture in the period 2012 - 2015
Based on the table of vacancies in C / X, it can be seen that the Sheksninsky municipal district is in constant need of highly qualified personnel. The average number of vacancies in the district in this area is 25 people per year. Which is not a very good result for an area with a developed level of agriculture.
We propose to introduce a monitoring system for young personnel and graduates of agricultural universities. This requires a set of measures aimed at attracting those to the Sheksninsky municipal district.
One of these measures, perhaps, is the issuance of targeted directions to universities in the agricultural direction. At the end of which the student is obliged to return to the district and work in the agricultural sector for 3 years. After the expiration of the contract, the student - employee has the right not to renew it, and find work in another field.
Also, the development of the system - "Housing for agricultural workers" is proposed. This program implemented in the region since 2014.
If we combine these 2 events, then the Sheksninsky district will be replenished with high-quality, highly qualified personnel. The plan of employment in agriculture is presented in table 3.4.
Table 3.4 - The number of people employed in agriculture after the implementation of measures, people
This table shows that after the implementation of measures in this area, the number of people employed in agriculture increases. If we compare the planned year 2018 with those employed in 2013, then the difference will be 151 people, or 9.8%. Such positive dynamics has a good effect on social -economic condition. Because, as a result of a sufficient number of qualified personnel, there will be an increase in the production of agricultural products. The number of tax deductions to the budget of the Sheksninsky municipal district will also increase and federal budget.
Consider the amount of tax deductions to the Sheksninsky municipal district and federal budgets. The data are presented in table 3.5.
Table 3.5 - The number of tax deductions from the sale of agricultural products after the implementation of measures, million rubles.
As we can see from this table, the volume of products sold after the implementation of the event is growing. And consequently, tax deductions also grow. Tax revenues to the budget increased in 2018, compared to 2015, increased by 257.256 million rubles. the difference was 18.9 million rubles. In 2018, it is planned to increase revenue to 1534.2 million rubles. in 2015, this value was 1429.2 million rubles, the difference is 105 million rubles. This amount is a fairly large contribution to the district budget, which also has a positive effect on the socio-economic situation of the Sheksninsky municipal district.
Also, the implementation of these measures will help to achieve, by 2018, the following positive results (in comparison with 2013):
-
- maintaining and increasing the share of actually used agricultural land in the total area of agricultural land up to 85%;
-
-
-
increase in milk production by 11%.
3.3 Creation of favorable conditions for the development of small and medium-sized businesses
Small business in the economy of the Sheksninsky district is mainly present in the sphere of trade, much less in the sphere of services, industry, and transport.
The current state of small business in the region has a low level of development. The potential for its growth is possible through:
expansion of the service sector (with the growth of the wealthy population, the emergence of which will be caused by the construction and operation of the industrial park, there will be a need to create an infrastructure for free time, an infrastructure for a healthy lifestyle);
development of finishing services, the demand for which will appear with the growth of construction.
The number of small and medium-sized businesses are presented in table 3.6.
Table 3.6 - The number of small and medium-sized businesses per 1 thousand people of the population
According to the table, we see that the Sheksninsky municipal district is favorable for the development of small and medium-sized businesses. Since, the area is attractive for tourists and investors. You need to strive for:
increasing the share of small business in the economy of the settlement, especially in the service sector;
raising specific gravity employed in small business;
increase in the volume of products produced by small enterprises.
In order to most actively and successfully attract small and medium-sized businesses to the economy of the Sheksninsky municipal district, a set of measures should be formed to encourage businessmen in the initial period of the formation of a particular business area.
At the district level, such a method of assistance can be called an operational and subsidized circumstance of providing agrarian zones, a system of consulting support, the allocation of subsidies for small businesses and budget loans for legal entities, involving small businesses in the implementation of government orders and the creation of healthy competition. It can be stated that small business has every chance of becoming the basis for the formation of the economy, having determined its significant importance in the formation of the service sector, in industry, and also in construction in the field of facing works, what with the increase in inhabitants, and thus with the increase in the building, a need will arise.
In 2015, 22 small and medium-sized businesses received state (municipal) support in the Sheksninsky municipal district. The data are given in table 3.7.
Table 3.7 - The number of small and medium-sized businesses that received state (municipal) support in the period 2012-2015.
According to the table, it can be seen that a very small number of enterprises receive state (municipal) support, the number of such enterprises is 22 in 2015. Only 1/33 of all small and medium-sized businesses are provided with benefits from the Sheksninsky municipal district.
For the development of small and medium-sized businesses, it is necessary to carry out a set of measures:
interaction with ANO "Regional Center for Entrepreneurship Support of the Vologda Oblast", BU VO "Business Incubator", NP "Agency for Urban Development" (Cherepovets), ANO "Investment Agency" Cherepovets "and other institutions that make up the infrastructure for supporting small and medium-sized entities entrepreneurship;
assistance in the implementation of investment projects by small and medium-sized businesses;
implementation of interaction of authorities with the business community of the region, public associations created by entrepreneurs, organization of the work of the Coordinating Council for the development of small and medium-sized businesses in the region;
promoting the participation of small and medium-sized businesses in the regional agricultural fair, in regional and regional competitions, forums, conferences, in all-Russian and regional competitions, assemblies, conferences, seminars, regional, regional and inter-district exhibitions - fairs.
It can be noted that the implementation and monitoring of these activities will have a positive impact on the development of the socio-economic condition of the Sheksninsky municipal district.
Table 3.8 - Number of small and medium-sized businesses after the implementation of measures
According to the table, it can be seen that the number of small and medium-sized businesses will increase by 4 people compared to 2015. Accordingly, there will be a greater number of employed people in small and medium-sized businesses, thus creating additional jobs, which will also have a positive effect on the socio-economic condition of the Sheksna region, unemployment will decrease and the socio-economic balance will normalize.
After the implementation of the measure to improve the system of state (municipal) support for small and medium-sized enterprises, the number of enterprises that received this assistance will increase (table 3.9).
Table 3.9 - The planned number of small and medium-sized businesses that received state (municipal) support in the period 2016-2018.
From the above data, it can be seen that the number of enterprises that have received state (municipal) property will increase. In comparison with 2015, in 2018, the difference will be 3 small and medium-sized businesses. This is a very significant number for the Sheksninsky municipal district. But do not forget that this will have a positive impact on the development of the entire region as a whole. For example, the number of tax deductions to the local and federal budgets will increase.
Summing up, the implementation of the above directions will make it possible to achieve the following positive results by 2018 (compared to 2013):
-
-
increase in the share of tax revenues from small and medium-sized businesses up to 20%.
3.4 Evaluation of the socio-economic efficiency of the proposed activities
Socio-economic efficiency is expressed in two aspects - social and economic. The social aspect consists in the subordination of the goals of economic growth to the priority tasks of social development. The economic aspect consists in the greatest correspondence of the final results of economic development to the achievement of the totality of social development goals. The economic component of socio-economic efficiency is the material basis for improving the quality of life.
The economic efficiency will consist in the fact that the increase own income the budget of the Sheksninsky district through the development of activities related to the production of souvenirs with high added value, the improvement of the tax base and legislation. Industrial production will increase volumes not only due to the implementation of new projects, but also due to the exclusion of non-competitive products from production.
After the implementation of the event, revenue will increase by an average of 2 million rubles, which will be 40%. Consequently, tax deductions will increase, to the local budget in the amount of 900,000 rubles, and 100,000 rubles to the federal one. In 2015, tax deductions amounted to 630,000 rubles to the local budget and 70,000 rubles to the federal budget. Compared to the planned revenue, the difference was 170,000 rubles to the local budget and 30,000 rubles to the federal budget.
Social efficiency lies in the fact that through the implementation of the proposed measures, it is planned to increase the employment of residents of the district, the unemployment rate should decrease from 3.6% to 2.9% due to the opening of new jobs in the agro-industrial complex and in the service sector. It is expected to create up to 230 new jobs, which is very significant, given the current situation on the labor market. The result of the activities should also be entrepreneurial activity through the assistance of the Employment Center. Actions to develop the labor market will make it possible to achieve an increase in the volume of the wage fund for retained and hired employees of enterprises, along with savings on unemployment benefits for newly hired workers.
After the introduction of measures in the field of agriculture, the number of people employed increases. If we compare the planned year 2018 with those employed in 2013, then the difference will be 151 people, or 9.8%. Such positive dynamics has a good effect on the socio-economic condition. Because, as a result of a sufficient number of qualified personnel, there will be an increase in the production of agricultural products. The number of tax deductions to the budget of the Sheksninsky municipal district and the federal budget will also increase.
The implementation of directions for the development of industrial production will make it possible to achieve the following positive results by 2018 (in comparison with 2013):
increase in the volume of shipped products in the industry by 2 times;
doubling the amount of investment.
The implementation of the directions for the development of agricultural potential will make it possible to achieve the following positive results by 2018 (in comparison with 2013):
- increase in agricultural production in all categories of farms by 24%;
- increase in grain production by 26%;
- increase in the production of livestock and poultry meat (in live weight) by 2 times;
- increase in milk production by 11%.
The implementation of the directions for the development of small and medium-sized businesses will make it possible to achieve the following positive results by 2018 (compared to 2013):
- increase in retail trade turnover by 1.5 times;
- increase in the turnover of public catering by 35%;
- increase in the volume of paid services to the population by 1.5 times;
- increase in the number of small and medium-sized businesses in the region by 10%;
- increase in the share of tax revenues from small and medium-sized businesses up to 20%.
Thus, as a result of the implementation of measures to develop the socio-economic potential of the region, the economy and social sphere of the Sheksninsky municipal district will reach a qualitatively new level that ensures the sustainable development of the municipality. Both budgetary efficiency and commercial and social efficiency will increase.
Conclusion
In the course of this work, I considered the problems and prospects for the social and economic development of the region on the example of the Sheksninsky municipal district.
Namely, a detailed description of the area is given in terms of physical and geographical location, natural resource potential, industry, agriculture, services, demographic situation and standard of living of the population. The problems that hinder the socio-economic development of the region and the direction in the elimination of these negative phenomena are described.
Sheksninsky municipal district has significant economic potential, especially resource. Agriculture and industry have great potential. The most significant sectors are horticulture, animal husbandry, grain growing, and, accordingly, agricultural and industrial. Consumer services, public catering and trade are leading in the service sector of the district.
We carried out monitoring of the socio-economic condition of the Sheksninsky municipal district, as a result of which priority areas for development were identified.
A number of activities were proposed, which includes the launch of the production of souvenirs with the emblem of the Sheksninsky municipal district at the enterprise of the closed institution OE-256/12. This event will increase tax deductions to the local and federal budgets, and will also have a positive effect on the tourist image of the region. Conditions will be created to attract investments in the region, form its favorable image and implement industrial projects with the participation of external capital.
Also an event in the agricultural sector, which includes such a direction as creating conditions for attracting young professionals. As a result, such indicators will be achieved as: an increase in the volume of agricultural production in all categories of farms by 24%; maintaining and increasing the share of actually used agricultural land in the total area of agricultural land up to 85%; increase in grain production by 26%; increase in the production of livestock and poultry meat (in live weight) by 2 times; increase in milk production by 11%.
An event in the field of small and medium-sized businesses, which has a focus on creating favorable conditions for the development of enterprises. These measures will have a positive impact on: an increase in retail trade turnover by 1.5 times; increase in the turnover of public catering by 35%; increase in the volume of paid services to the population by 1.5 times; increase in the number of small and medium-sized businesses in the district by 10%; increase in the share of tax revenues from small and medium-sized businesses up to 20%.
The social efficiency of the thesis lies in the fact that through the implementation of the proposed measures, it is planned to increase the employment of residents of the district, the unemployment rate should decrease from 3.6% to 2.9% due to the opening of new jobs in the agro-industrial complex and in the service sector.
The economic efficiency of the thesis is that the own budget revenues of the Sheksninsky district will increase due to the development of activities related to the production of high value-added souvenirs, the improvement of the tax base and legislation. Industrial production will increase volumes not only due to the implementation of new projects, but also due to the exclusion of non-competitive products from production.
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Remark 1
Implementation of strategic goals long term development social economic activity The Russian Federation needs to achieve social harmony, as well as assistance in developing a mechanism for social support, adaptation and minimization of social inequality. Measures that provide a solution to the above tasks should be aimed at harmonizing the actions of the state, markets and families in the field of quality and level of life support.
This may require the development of the social services sector and its modernization, as well as the implementation of targeted programs to help the poor and the formation of various benefits. To do this, it is necessary to ensure the formation of a structure of social support and adaptation that will meet the needs of the current society, as well as to implement the functions of social development and accessible social development mechanisms for vulnerable groups of the population.
To date, the main targets of social policy by 2020 are:
Long-term social support policy Russian citizens consists in the implementation of many priority areas. The primary direction is to improve the social atmosphere in society, to minimize the differentiation of citizens in terms of their income, as well as to reduce poverty.
Remark 2
The main measures to combat poverty and improve the well-being of citizens are the rapid pace of economic growth, wage increases and the creation of new jobs. Changes in the educational sphere and the healthcare system have a significant impact on improving social policy by improving the quality of access to these services, reducing informal payments, and also through the positive impact of the updated educational system on the opportunities for effective economic activity of citizens.
But despite this, economic growth cannot automatically lead to the minimization of poverty, and may be accompanied by increased social instability and increased inequality. In order to reduce the poverty of the population by dividing it by income level, it is necessary to implement a set of social policy measures that would be aimed at:
An important measure of social policy is to increase the effectiveness of family support at the social level. These measures include the development and improvement of the system for the provision of payments in connection with the birth and upbringing of a child. It is also possible to strengthen the stimulating role of additional state support measures for families with minor children, including the development and expansion of the educational services market, and the construction of affordable housing for them.
It is possible to increase the effectiveness of state support through the development of social support programs for families in the upbringing of preschool children by opening children's institutions and minimizing family distress. Also, an effective measure of social policy is to strengthen the system of homelessness, to consolidate the actions of regional, federal and local social institutions that are aimed at solving the problem of homelessness. A special role in this matter will be played by increasing the efficiency of social services, whose activities are related to minimizing family distress and providing psychological and social assistance to those children who are in a socially dangerous situation.
The next measure that can increase the effectiveness of social policy is the social integration and rehabilitation of people with disabilities. It includes:
A special place in the state social policy is given to the social security of elderly citizens. Measures to improve and improve social policy in this direction include:
Figure 1. Social policy measures. Author24 - online exchange of student papers
The implementation of social policy measures requires the achievement of social harmony, as well as the development of mechanisms for social support and adaptation of the population. This may require the modernization and improvement of the social services sector, the development of targeted programs and privileged categories of citizens.
Socio-economic measures to ensure labor protection
"... Socio-economic measures - include measures of state incentives for employers and employees to improve the level of labor protection (benefits and compensation for hard work and work in harmful and dangerous working conditions; mandatory social and payment of compensation in the event of accidents, wage increases wages, additional holidays, reduced working hours, restrictions on lifting and moving heavy objects, and a number of other benefits and compensations)..."
Source:
"Manual on labor protection for a road foreman" (approved by Order of the Ministry of Transport of the Russian Federation dated 01.29.2003 N OS-37-r)
Official terminology. Akademik.ru. 2012 .
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Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic- RSFSR. I. General information The RSFSR was formed on October 25 (November 7), 1917. It borders in the northwest with Norway and Finland, in the west with Poland, in the southeast with China, the MPR, and the DPRK, as well as with the union republics that are part of the USSR: to the west with ... ... Great Soviet Encyclopedia
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Since the summer of 1918, the economic ruin has assumed a threatening scale for the Bolshevik government. The most developed and wealthy regions got out of their control: Ukraine, the Baltic states, the Volga region, Western Siberia. Economic ties between town and country has long been interrupted. The cities were threatened with famine. Food was the first necessity. In May, it was decided to organize food detachments, which were supposed to go to the countryside and take grain from the kulaks and grain merchants, who, it was believed, were hiding their stocks. By a decree of June 11, 1918, committees of the rural poor were established in the countryside; The duties of the commanders included “the distribution of bread, essentials and agricultural implements; assistance to local food authorities in seizing grain surpluses from the hands of the kulaks and the rich.”
The Decree of May 13, 1918 gave broad powers to the People's Commissariat for Food, and the committees were supposed to become his kind of assistants in carrying out grain requisitions in countryside. The state proclaimed itself the main distributor and resorted to coercive measures in order to solve the problem of supplying food to the city and the army. From January 1, 1919, the indiscriminate search for surpluses was replaced by a centralized and planned system of surplus appropriations. Each region, county, parish, each peasant community had to hand over to the state a predetermined amount of grain and other products, depending on the expected harvest. Each peasant community was responsible for its own supplies. And only when the whole village did, the authorities issued receipts giving the right to purchase industrial goods, and in quantities much smaller than required. The state encouraged the creation of collective farms by the poor with the help of a government fund. These collective farms were given the right to sell their surplus to the state, but they were so weak and their technique so primitive that these farms could not produce a significant amount of surplus. Only a few state farms, organized on the basis of former estates, provided a serious contribution to the supplies of paramount importance intended for the army.
In parallel with these measures, a decree of November 21, 1918 established a state monopoly on domestic trade. Since the beginning of the year, many shops have been "municipalized" by local authorities. January 23, 1918 was nationalized merchant navy, April 22, 1918 foreign trade. After that, on June 28, 1918, the Soviet government began the nationalization of all enterprises with a capital of over 500,000 rubles. The supreme body involved in nationalization was the All-Russian Council National economy(VSNKh), subordinate to the Council of People's Commissars. By October 1, 1919, 2,500 enterprises were nationalized. In November 1920, a decree was issued extending the nationalization to all “enterprises with more than ten or more than five workers, but using a mechanical engine”, which turned out to be about 37 thousand. Thus, during the years of the civil war, there was an almost complete nationalization of Russian industry.
The government also carried out a number of measures to militarize labor in industry. Compulsory measures were taken such as the introduction of a work book (June 1919) in order to reduce the turnover of the labor force and universal labor service, mandatory for all citizens from 16 to 50 years old (April 10, 1919). But the most extremist method of recruiting workers was the attempt to turn the Red Army into a “labor army” (to use the military to solve economic issues) to militarize railways. These projects were put forward by Trotsky and supported by Lenin. In areas that were under the control of the Civil War direct control Trotsky, attempts were made to implement these projects. They tried to use Lenin's government and ideological levers to activate cheap labor to restore the economy: the introduction of the famous communist subbotniks - work on weekends without pay, started by party members, and then became mandatory for everyone.
civil war army intervention
