Local budget calculations (estimates)
4.1. Local estimates (estimates) for certain types of construction and installation works, as well as for the cost of equipment, are compiled based on the following data:
parameters of buildings, structures, their parts and structural elements adopted in design decisions;
volumes of work taken from the lists of construction and installation works and determined by design materials;
nomenclature and quantities of equipment, furniture and inventory taken from custom specifications, statements and other design materials;
existing estimated standards and indicators for types of work, structural elements, as well as market prices and tariffs for industrial products and services.
4.2. Local budget calculations (budgets) are compiled:
a) for buildings and structures:
for construction works, special construction works, internal sanitary works, internal electric lighting, electric power plants, for the installation and purchase of technological and other types of equipment, instrumentation (instrumentation) and automation, low-current devices (communications, alarms, etc.), purchase of fixtures, furniture, inventory, etc.;
b) for general site works:
for vertical layout, device engineering networks, tracks and roads, landscaping, small architectural forms and etc.
4.3. When designing complex buildings and structures carried out by several design organizations, as well as when forming estimated cost for start-up complexes, it is allowed to draw up two or more local estimates (estimates) for the same type of work.
4.4. In local cost estimates (estimates), data are grouped into sections according to individual structural elements of the building (structure), types of work and devices in accordance with the technological sequence of work and taking into account specific features certain types of construction. According to buildings and structures, division into underground part(works of "zero cycle") and aerial part.
Local estimate calculation (estimate) may have sections:
for construction works - earthworks; foundations and walls of the underground part; walls; frame; ceilings, partitions; floors and bases; coverings and roofs; filling openings; stairs and platforms; Finishing work; various works(porches, blind areas, etc.), etc.;
for special construction works - foundations for equipment; special grounds; channels and pits; lining, lining and insulation; chemical protective coatings, etc.;
for internal sanitary and technical works - water supply, sewerage, heating, ventilation and air conditioning, etc.;
equipment installation - purchase and installation of process equipment; technological pipelines; metal structures (associated with the installation of equipment), etc.
4.5. The cost of work in local estimates (estimates) as part of the estimate documentation can be given in two price levels:
in the basic level, determined on the basis of the current estimated norms and prices of 2001;
in the current (projected) level, determined on the basis of prices prevailing by the time the estimates were drawn up or forecasted by the period of construction.
4.6. When compiling local estimates (estimates), prices from the corresponding collections are used, while in each position of the local estimate calculation (estimates) the code of the norm is indicated, consisting of the collection number (two characters), the section number (two characters), the ordinal number of the table in this section (three characters) and the serial number of the norm in this table (one - two characters). The parameters of individual characteristics (length, height, area, mass, etc.) given with the word "to" should be understood inclusive, and with the word "from" - excluding the indicated value, i.e. over.
When drawing up local estimates (estimates), the conditions for the production of work and complicating factors are taken into account.
Coefficients that take into account the conditions of work, and complicating factors are given in Appendix N 1 of this Methodology.
If complicating factors are taken into account by elemental estimated norms and unit prices, the coefficients given in Appendix N 1 do not apply.
When referring in local budget calculations (estimates) to the technical part or introductory instructions for price collections or other regulations in the column "cipher, numbers of standards and resource codes" after the number of the collection and the price, it is indicated in the initial letters TC or VU and the number of the corresponding item, for example: PM-5 or VU-4, and when taking into account in the positions of local estimates (estimates) coefficients (given in Appendix N 1), taking into account the conditions for the production of work, column 2 of the estimate indicates the value of this coefficient, as well as the abbreviated name and paragraph of the regulatory document.
4.7. When compiling local estimates (estimates) for work on the reconstruction, expansion and technical re-equipment of existing enterprises, buildings and structures, complicating factors and conditions for the production of such works are taken into account using the appropriate coefficients given in the relevant collections of estimated norms and prices ("General Provisions") .
Works performed during the repair and reconstruction of buildings and structures, similar to technological processes in new construction, should be normalized according to the relevant collections of GESN-2001 for construction and special construction works (except for the norms of the collection of GESN N 46 "Work in the reconstruction of buildings and structures") using coefficients of 1.15 to labor costs and 1.25 to norms operating time construction machines. The indicated coefficients may be used in conjunction with the coefficients given in Appendix N 1 to this Methodology.
4.8. When administering earthworks on the territory allotted for construction in places duly attributed to areas of former military operations, it is recommended to apply a coefficient of 1.4 to prices for excavation to a depth of up to 2 meters by excavators or bulldozers, as well as for uprooting stumps.
4.9. For works, the production technology of which provides for welding of metal structures, rolled metal, steel pipes, sheet metal, embedded parts and other metal products, elemental estimated norms and unit rates are developed from a condition of application of carbonaceous steel.
When using stainless steel, it is recommended to apply a coefficient of 1.15 to the labor costs provided for in unit prices.
4.10. The cost determined by local estimates (estimates) may include direct costs, overheads and estimated profit.
Direct costs take into account the cost of resources required to complete the work:
material (materials, products, structures, equipment, furniture, inventory);
technical (operation of construction machines and mechanisms);
labor (funds for the remuneration of workers, as well as machinists, taken into account in the cost of operating construction machines and mechanisms).
As part of direct costs, separate lines may include the difference in the cost of electricity received from mobile power plants, compared with the cost of electricity supplied by the Russian energy system, and other costs.
Overhead costs take into account the costs of construction and installation organizations associated with the creation general conditions production, its maintenance, organization and management.
Estimated profit includes the amount of funds needed to cover individual (general) expenses of construction and installation organizations for the development of production, the social sphere and material incentives.
The accrual of overhead costs and estimated profit in the preparation of local estimated calculations (estimates) without dividing into sections is carried out at the end of the estimate calculation (estimate), following the result of direct costs, and when forming by sections - at the end of each section and in general according to the estimate calculation (estimate ).
When using the resource or resource-index method, it is recommended to use sample No. 4 (Appendix No. 2), in which the allocation, summation of resource indicators with the determination of the cost in the corresponding price level, or sample No. 5 (Appendix No. 2), on the basis of which resource indicators are allocated and summed up on the local resource sheet, and then the cost of work (the amount of costs) is determined according to sample No. 4.
4.12. In cases where, in accordance with design solutions, structures are dismantled or buildings and structures are demolished in terms of structures, materials and products suitable for reuse, following the results of local cost estimates (estimates) for dismantling, demolition (transfer) of buildings and structures, returnable amounts (amounts that reduce the amount of capital investments allocated by the customer). These amounts are not excluded from the result of the local budget calculation (estimate) and from the scope of work performed. They are shown in a separate line called "Including refundable amounts" and are determined on the basis of the nomenclature and quantity of structures, materials and products received for subsequent use, also given after the calculation (estimate). The cost of such structures, materials and products as part of the refundable amounts is determined at the price of the possible sale, minus from these amounts the costs of bringing them into a usable condition and delivery to storage sites.
The cost of materials obtained in the course of associated mining (stone, crushed stone, sand, timber, etc.), if it is possible to sell them, is recommended to be taken into account at the prevailing prices in the region.
If it is impossible to use or sell materials from dismantling or associated mining, their cost in refundable amounts is not taken into account.
It is recommended to distinguish structures, materials and products included in refundable amounts from the so-called wraparound materials (formwork, fastening, etc.), which are used several times in accordance with the technology of construction production when performing certain types of work.
4.13. When performing certain types of work in accordance with the construction technology, certain materials (formwork, fastening, etc.) are used several times, i.e. turn around. Their repeated turnover is taken into account in the estimated norms and the prices compiled on their basis for the corresponding structures and types of work. In cases where it is impossible to achieve the normative number of turnover of industrial formwork, fasteners, etc. at the facility, which must be justified by the PIC, the norm is adjusted.
4.14. The cost of equipment, furniture and inventory is included in local cost estimates (budgets).
When using equipment listed in fixed assets, suitable for further operation and planned for dismantling and transfer to a building under construction (reconstruction), local estimates (estimates) provide only funds for the dismantling and re-installation of this equipment, and the result of the estimate is shown for reference its book value, taken into account in the total cost limit to determine the technical and economic indicators of the project.
During the construction of large facilities, it often happens that it is not possible to immediately determine the estimated cost of the entire facility: it is no secret that prices for raw materials, materials, tools, equipment, labor resources, etc.; in addition, you should not discount the possible occurrence of force majeure circumstances. Therefore, during construction, while the scope of work, and therefore the amount of costs, has not yet been finally determined, it is advisable to draw up local estimates. On the basis of local estimates, object estimates are subsequently compiled, and those, in turn, are combined into summary estimates which may be revised and corrected as necessary. Estimated calculations are performed using estimated norms, which are contained in special reference books.
Local estimates are designed to determine the estimated cost of a facility under construction (repair). The local estimate is a primary estimate document for certain types of work and costs, and it can be compiled both for a separate object and for general site work. At the core local estimate the volumes that are defined in the composition working documentation or working drawings.
Object estimate- this is a document that includes data as a whole for a facility under construction (repair) taken from local cost estimates and local estimates.
Summary estimate the cost of the object is calculated on the basis of object estimates and calculated object estimates for certain types of costs.
In addition to dividing all estimates into local, object and summary, they can also be divided depending on the type of work performed, for example: estimates for construction and installation works, estimates for repair work, estimates for execution finishing works, etc.
Concerning budgeting methods, then one of the most common methods can be attributed resource method. When using this method, it is carried out using current (forecast) prices and tariffs (rates) of cost elements that are necessary for the performance of work. The calculation is carried out on the basis of the following data: the need for materials, which is expressed in natural meters, the operating time of construction machines, the labor costs of workers, the consumption of energy carriers used for technological purposes, etc. These resources are calculated on the basis of project materials, as well as relevant regulatory sources (reference books). It can also be used for budgeting. basis-index method . This method is based on the application of a system of current and forecast indices in relation to the value that was determined in the basic price level. Often used for budgeting resource-index method. Its essence lies in the fact that when performing calculations, a combination of the resource method, which we discussed above, is used with the resource index system that is used in construction. Another popular method of budgeting is based on the use of data on the cost of previously built or similar objects reflected in the project.
At compiling design and estimate documentation one of its central elements is the estimate itself. It is a financial document that lists the planned costs of the customer for the development and implementation of activities that require investment. AT capital investments in this case, the cost of design and survey work and the income that the contractor should receive from the execution of the estimate are included.
Estimated cost is the amount Money, which are required for the development of the project and construction using the available design materials. Estimated cost calculation is carried out in accordance with the accepted methods and standards of the existing pricing system. Estimated cost can also be defined in a broader sense as the selling price investment project, that is, the cost of its implementation.
The estimated cost calculated by specialists is one of the main parameters that allow:
On the basis of budget documents, accounting is organized and reporting is carried out, economic accounting is carried out and the activities of construction and installation organizations are evaluated. It is the estimated cost that allows you to determine book value put into operation fixed assets of enterprises.
Today preparation of budget documentation is carried out taking into account the methodology, which is based on market relations that arise between the participants in the investment process. In the methodology for determining prices in market conditions, the basic one is the possibility of using contractual (that is, free, not tied to anything) prices for construction work and products. In this regard, in system of estimated standards, developed in 2001, lays down a number of principles that allow participants to investment activity enter into contractual relations and determine the estimated cost:
With this approach, a common pricing policy is formed in the country, the specifics of the construction industry are observed, and the cost of construction products is determined by preparation of design estimates taking into account economic, geographical and natural factors, as well as various local conditions.
The cost of construction products is formed by several independent entities at once:
Moreover, each of them has its own goals and objectives. For the investor and the customer, the main guideline is the development of the project and the construction itself in as soon as possible and with minimal costs, which allows you to get the fastest income. The designer and the contractor are mainly focused on the profitability that the construction product manufacturing process has. It rises in two ways: due to construction progress and due to the rise in the cost of products. In this regard, superimposed special conditions to determine the cost of construction products. Inevitable contradictions arise between the subjects of investment activity, for the resolution of which certain incentives and methods of regulating prices for works and services are used in the process of determining the contract price or drawing up a contract. The cost of construction products and the volume of production are regulated by the volume of demand, the more housing is in demand, the more expensive it will be, for example, 1 square meter and the more residential buildings will be built.
Budgeting can be engaged in by any of the interested participants in the investment process. In particular, it can be:
AT individual cases manage without compiling construction estimates , and calculations are carried out according to the actual costs of the contractor in accordance with the acts presented to them for payment once a month, once a quarter or when the facility is delivered on a turnkey basis.
The cost of construction products is estimated by the customer and the contractor on equal terms when they conclude an agreement or sign a contract. How accurately the cost will be determined depends on the type of estimates and the information that has been provided for preparation of estimate documentation. In this case, the following types of estimates can be distinguished.
1. Conceptual estimate. Budget preparation this type is carried out when developing investment proposals at the feasibility study stage. The amount of investment is calculated on the basis of the collected information regarding the cost of a unit of consumer properties or the capacity of an object. Accuracy in preparing such estimates for construction work is in the region of 17-20%.
2. Investor's estimate. Development of estimates of this type is carried out at the pre-project stage at the request of the investor in order to determine the starting price of the subject of the auction. Estimated project cost is calculated using documentation such as:
Accuracy estimates in this case is 10-13%.
3. Estimate of the contractor. Development of estimate documentation in this case, it is carried out in the process of preparing for the conclusion of a work contract on the basis of the tender documentation that was sent out by the customer (investor). The contractor determines the price of his proposal based on FER-2001 or TER-2001 by structural elements and types of work, as well as taking into account analogous objects that were built by the contractor. Estimate for construction and installation works in this case, it is close to the company's estimate. When preparing it, the contractor asks the customer for additional information regarding the design features and missing parameters of the project, and with the help of price lists - local market conditions for building materials and services. In addition, the contractor, when preparing estimates for construction work lays down its own profit, expenses of subcontractors, inflation losses and other points. Accuracy construction estimates compiled by the contractor is 5-7%.
4. Estimate of the designer or the estimate department working for the customer. In this case calculation of estimates for construction the most accurate and complete documentation is compiled. Its development is based on finished project and working drawings, elemental cost estimates, unit prices and average values of the cost of resources used in construction. The accuracy is estimates for monolithic or otherwise construction is 2-5%.
5. Executive estimate. Calculation of estimates for construction here it is carried out in accordance with the actual costs of the contractor. Calculations are carried out at the final stage of construction and take into account all the additional costs that appeared during the implementation of the project for both the contractor and the customer. The executive estimate is used as the basis for calculating the book value of the constructed object.
The methodology used today for determining the cost of construction products does not imply the mandatory availability of estimates for working drawings. The question of its necessity is decided directly by the customer and the contractor in the process of determining the contract price or preparing for the conclusion of the contract. The development of the project can be carried out on the basis of a contractual price agreed in advance between the customer and the contractor. This gives the designer and contractor incentives to look for the best design solutions which will reduce the turnaround time. Methodology for determining the value used normative base and the procedure for mutual settlements are negotiated by the customer and the contractor and are fixed in the signed contract.
As one of the components of the price of construction products is the cost. It represents the monetary value of the costs of producing and selling products. The cost includes the actual price (production costs for the release of goods) by cost items. AT total cost In addition to the cost of goods, the surplus value is also included (this is the sum of various allowances, including VAT and the manufacturer's profit). In the construction industry, the cost can be estimated and actual.
The estimated cost is the cost of building products for the project, which are determined by the estimated standards, that is, these are planned costs.
The actual cost represents the actual costs incurred by the contractor in the production of the construction products specified by the project.
Practice shows that quite often an investor, especially a beginner, when thinking about a project, has a poor idea of what expenses it may entail. Any business requires a preliminary calculation of all costs, otherwise the customer may face the fact that he does not have enough money to complete the work. And this is the answer to the frequently asked question: what is the estimate for?
First, let's define the concept. Estimate, what it is, when and why it is compiled. An estimate is a financial document that makes it possible to determine, with a significant degree of accuracy and in detail, the cost of performing certain works. Calculations are made at the planning stage, after which they are all drawn up in an official document and transferred to the customer.
Estimates are drawn up in various types of human activity, where there is a need for a preliminary calculation of costs. However, the concept of estimate documentation has the most important role in construction, where large funds are involved, and the implementation of processes takes a long time (months and years). This can be a standardized set of documents or costing of resources or costs per unit of materials (piece, running meter, kilogram). In conjunction with project documentation and it is a contract essential element start of construction.
One of the participants in the investment project can prepare estimates:
It is important that this responsible financial document be prepared by a professional organization with experience in such activities and a good reputation. An unprofessional approach to business can cause an underestimation or overestimation of the estimated cost of construction, which is equally unprofitable for the investor, since it entails additional costs. The work of preparing financial documentation is usually estimated at a certain percentage of the total cost of the project.
Most often, estimates are construction organizations who will carry out the work and purchase building materials for them. It is important for the customer to take part in all stages of the preparation of documentation, control the data entered into it by type of work, their cost, prices for materials, and seek its correction. The use of modern specialized computer programs speeds up the execution of calculations, so organizations can offer the customer a choice on the principle of "price - quality" several options for estimates, taking into account different construction technologies and materials used. After choosing the best option, the customer approves it, after which changes to the document can only be made with his consent.
Calculations when compiling financial plan are made on the basis of estimated norms, prices and rates, which are combined into thematic collections, which are the official justification for preparation. All of them can be classified depending on the subjects that developed them:
All the above collections of prices and standards in the complex form a single system of estimated rationing and pricing in construction, used throughout the Russian Federation. The information contained in the directories is periodically updated taking into account inflationary processes and the development of construction technology.
Often, the preliminary determination of the cost of a large construction project seems very difficult and even impossible due to constantly changing prices for labor resources, energy resources, Construction Materials, equipment and tools. In such cases, estimators follow the principle "from smallest to largest", using various types of estimates:
When determining the cost of work, much depends on the information provided by the parties to the agreement for the preparation of documents. There are several types of estimates here:
The estimate can take the form of a table, the columns of which indicate the types of work, their volume, quantity, price and cost of building materials, as well as additional processes and resources. In another option, it is possible to use such sections as direct costs (operation of equipment, wages, purchase of building materials), overhead costs (deductions to funds, business trips, labor protection) and estimated profit
To confirm the correctness of the financial calculations made, identify inaccuracies and make the necessary changes, the customer has the right to contact independent experts. Their services typically cost between 0.3 and 0.5% of the total construction cost.
During the construction of any facility, design and estimate documentation is initially drawn up. The main purpose of the estimate is to clearly determine the total cost of construction, taking into account possible changes in the market for building materials, equipment, etc.. Estimated calculations are carried out on the basis of different approaches - in terms of time s x costs, basic price indices, spending on resources. A description of these approaches, as well as a ready-made example of budgeting, can be found in the article.
The estimate is a financial document containing a detailed cost plan for the construction of a real estate object. For convenience, these costs are divided into several sections, and below is the total amount of costs at current or forecast prices.
Budgeting provides for the achievement of several goals at once:
A professionally drawn up estimate is a guarantee of efficient spending of funds, an uninterrupted construction process, and competent distribution financial resources. Therefore, in order to draw up estimate documentation, it is necessary to choose a certain approach (methodology), and then carry out calculations and check their correctness.
There are various methods of budgeting, which differ in the approach to determining construction costs.
This method is used in practice only in those cases when the estimator initially has information with the prices of objects that have already been built or designed earlier. The method is called analog because both evaluated objects must be similar - for example, 2 residential buildings from similar materials. At the same time, it is not necessary that they be identical: the main condition is the same cost in terms of units of measurement (linear meter, square meter, etc.).
This approach involves the definition of value based on the measurement of a unit of working time. The technique is of limited use, as it is usually used only in the evaluation of minor volumes of construction work. This may be a repair, a household contract, etc. As for the construction of large construction projects, other approaches are most often used.
It is based on the use of databases with current and predictive indexes. In this case, the cost is often determined at the basic level, which is where the name of the method comes from. It is also determined at the current level in the values of the previous period.
To determine the current prices, the basic values for each element are multiplied by the index, choosing a value for:
The total cost of the object is determined on the basis of current (or forecasted taking into account inflation and other possible risks) prices for resources and tariffs. The calculation is based on the cost of resources, so this approach in practice is the most optimal for both the customer and the developer himself. In-kind measurement of costs allows you to adequately assess the costs for different budget items. Therefore, this method can be used for any of the stages in the development of estimate documentation.
However, the disadvantage of this approach is the high complexity and time for making calculations. In addition, the calculation is carried out according to rather complex formulas, which causes additional difficulties and increases the risk of errors or inaccuracies. Another disadvantage is that it is difficult for the customer to track price dynamics at the regional level. Therefore, he cannot fully control the disbursement of funds by the contractor.
This approach combines the resource approach, as well as the use of an index system for costing. The advantage of the technique is in fairly adequate calculations due to the use of databases that are updated monthly. Information is taken from single pricing centers. Some experts recommend using this method for not all resources in general, but only for representative materials, as well as for leading machines. As for other calculations, they can be carried out using regional indices.
In this case, this definition of cost is used by the consolidation of estimated standards. They are expressed in different units of measurement:
Most often enlarged standards use in 2 stages the creation of documentation:
The essence of the approach is that the estimators sum up the price of costs and construction work, which are determined at the base level. Then the obtained data is specified during the drafting of the project and the execution of construction work, 1 spring real changes in prices and tariffs. If there is a difference, the customer compensates the costs upon their occurrence. The most common costs include:
The ultimate goal of the calculations is to compile a consolidated estimate report, which will include the totals for 12 sections:
Form finished document looks like that. The main part is presented in the form of a table with numbers of estimates for each of these sections. The table also shows the names of works, their estimated cost by type and total cost. When specifying the numbers of estimates, references to the relevant regulatory documents (Letters of the Ministry of Construction of the Russian Federation, contracts, etc.) are required.
A ready-made example of a summary estimate report, which can be used as a guide when developing documentation, looks like this.
The number and features of the design of estimate reports directly depend on the construction / installation / improvement object, etc. Consider the instructions for compiling a report on specific example. Administration municipal district plans to carry out landscaping and landscaping. To do this, she enters into a contract with a selected company. All work must be carried out in strict accordance with the previously drawn up budget documentation. The work is being carried out in several stages.
First of all, the contractor must determine the specific types of planned work and determine their indicators:
The result of this stage should be a ready-made statement of planned types of work. On its basis, estimators calculate all costs for materials / work, working hours, as well as employee salaries. The statement is signed for each type of work - for example, in our example it will be planting trees, landscaping the lawn and much more.
For each planned type of activity, a statement is drawn up with a definition material costs. The document is also drawn up in the form of a table in which the following columns are indicated:
Also, the estimators must draw up a statement with payroll calculations.
Calculations are given in the form of a table with the following columns:
Estimators must also calculate data on the costs associated with the operation of each type of equipment. For this, 2 reports are usually compiled. The first one indicates the input data that are used to justify the calculation of the machine hour (for each piece of equipment). For example, for a bulldozer it would be:
Based on this, each indicator associated with the cost of operating a bulldozer (depreciation, wages, fuel, materials, garage rental, etc.) is calculated. As a result, a second report (statement) is compiled, in which they describe:
Finally, the estimator also draws up several local estimates. They are statements with lists of work, materials for each object (lawn, roads, trees, etc.). The table uses the following columns:
Thus, the preparation of a consolidated estimate report is always a multi-stage and rather laborious process. The speed of compiling documentation directly depends on the complexity of the object, so usually the preparation of estimates is planned in advance.
To drafting financial documents there are special requirements, especially if the construction of the facility is financed by the state. But for commercial facilities, it is also important to understand how a regular estimate differs from a local one, because the components and calculation rules will be completely different for these two types.
A local estimate is a preliminary calculation of the cost of an object, if it is not yet completely known how much materials or work time will be required to complete the task. In the future, the data may be adjusted for inflation or changed volume.
Local may not reflect all information on construction work, but only on some specific part of them.
In other words, local budget documents are components of the main (general). In turn, ordinary ones can also be divided according to one of the principles:
By objects. For each object, a single primary financial documentation is compiled, taking into account all costs;
By item of expenditure. Separately, calculations can be made for items of expenditure (costs for materials, wages for workers, finishing work).
Very often, these two concepts are confused, mistakenly considering them identical. In fact, this is absolutely not true. At first glance, the papers really do not differ from each other, but in fact their main difference is that the local estimate is already an agreed version approved by the customer.
But the estimate calculation is a “sketch”, a preliminary calculation of the upcoming work. That is, in any case, a preliminary estimate is compiled, on the basis of which, taking into account the amendments, the final version of the primary financial document is formed.
Usually one of the types of prices is taken as a basis: TSN, FER, TER. The specific type is chosen depending on who finances the construction. But when compiling the considered primary documentation it is quite possible not to adhere to these standards and draw up settlement document in the way that is most convenient.
Already further, when compiling the final financial documentation, it is important to comply with all the rules imposed at the state level. When conducting inspections, it is the final estimates that are checked by the regulatory authorities, and local ones are a kind of draft, so they can be drawn up in a way that is convenient for the contractor and the customer by mutual agreement.
The main difference between a local estimate and a regular estimate is that it does not take into account excess materials. That is, if in the final calculations the amount can be taken away, then nothing can be taken away here. Any surplus is not displayed at all in this primary documentation. They are already reflected in the final calculations, when it is possible to assess their condition and residual value.
Summing up, we can once again focus on the sequence of compiling these documents:
That is, each subsequent level of documents includes all the components of the previous one.
