In accordance with the Instructions on the procedure for the development, approval, approval and composition project documentation for the construction of enterprises, buildings and structures, the estimate documentation is integral part construction project construction products and is included in the project as a separate section. Under project in this context, they understand a complex of engineering solutions, drawn up in the form of a set of technical and economic documents, calculations that make it possible to judge the feasibility and quality of a future building or structure.
Design work is carried out under an agreement with the customer by design, design and construction organizations and other legal and natural persons that have licensed rights to design. Under the contract, the customer is obliged to transfer the design task to the contractor. The design task specifies the technical parameters of the object being designed, construction time, design stages and other initial data necessary for the high-quality development of design and estimate documentation. In this case, the task for the implementation of design work can be prepared by the designer himself on behalf of the customer. Designer according to Art. 761 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation is responsible for the quality of the design budget documentation, which is developed in accordance with government regulations, rules and standards.
Design and estimate documentation, as well as the construction itself, should be carried out, as a rule, on a competitive basis, including through contract bidding (tender). Design documentation for the construction of enterprises, buildings and structures can be developed, as a rule, in one or two stages. For technically simple objects and standard buildings, as well as objects of technical re-equipment, the development of design estimates is carried out in one stage - a working draft. The design of more complex objects is carried out in two stages:
l-th stage - project;
2nd stage - working documentation.
In a single-stage design, a detailed design is developed on the basis of an approved design assignment and is a project. combined with working documentation.
A two-stage design project includes two parts: - architectural and construction drawings, including those for engineering equipment. organization of construction, etc.;
Estimates and technical and economic indicators;
The approved project serves as the basis for the development working documentation.
Working documentation includes the entire set of working drawings, according to which all construction and installation works are carried out on the designed facility. Working drawings are the basis for compiling local and summary statements of resource requirements, developing local and object estimates, which are also part of the working documentation.
The basis for determining the estimated cost of construction of enterprises, buildings and structures or their stages are:
A) project and working documentation;
B) acting estimated standards, as well as selling prices and transportation costs for equipment, furniture, inventory;
C) separate decisions of federal and other government bodies related to the relevant construction site.
In the event that the necessary estimated standards are not available in the current estimated and regulatory framework, as well as for specialized construction projects (including linear ones), individual estimated standards can be developed as part of the project in accordance with the forms given in the Guidelines on the procedure for developing state elemental estimated norms for construction, installation, special construction and commissioning works
To determine the estimated cost of construction, the following documentation is compiled:
The project includes: a summary of costs (if necessary), a summary estimate of the cost of construction, object and local estimates, estimates for certain types of costs;
As part of the RD - object and local estimates.
Estimated documentation for determining the estimated cost of construction is compiled in the prescribed manner, regardless of the method of construction (contract or economic method).
Local estimates are primary budget documents and are compiled for certain types of work and costs for buildings and structures or for general site work based on the volumes determined during the development of detailed design documents, working drawings.
Local estimates are compiled in cases where the scope of work and costs are not finally determined and are subject to clarification on the basis of the detailed design documentation, or in cases where the scope of work, the nature and methods of their implementation cannot be accurately determined during the design and are specified during the construction process.
Object estimates are formed for the object as a whole and combine data from local estimates. They are budget documents, on the basis of which contract prices for objects are determined.
Object estimates combine in their composition for the object as a whole data from local estimates and local estimates and are subject to clarification, as a rule, on the basis of RD.
Estimated calculations for certain types of costs are compiled in cases where it is required to determine, as a rule, for the whole construction site, the amount (limit) of funds necessary to reimburse those costs that are not taken into account by the estimated standards (for example: compensation in connection with the withdrawal of land for construction ; expenses associated with the use of benefits and additional payments established by government decisions, etc.).
Summary estimates the cost of construction of enterprises, buildings and structures (or their queues) are compiled on the basis of object estimates, object estimates and estimates for certain types of costs.
Cost Summary - this is budget document, which determines the cost of construction of enterprises, buildings, structures or their queues in cases where, along with production facilities, design estimates for housing and civil and other facilities are drawn up.
Simultaneously with the estimate documentation, at the request of the user, a statement of the estimated cost of construction of facilities included in the start-up complex, and a statement of the estimated cost of objects and works for ochering can be developed as part of the project and DD. not the environment.
A statement of the estimated cost of facilities included in the start-up complex is compiled in the case when the construction and commissioning of the enterprise, buildings and structures are envisaged to be carried out by separate start-up complexes. This statement includes the estimated cost of the facilities included in the start-up complex, as well as general site works and costs.
A statement of the estimated cost of objects and works for the protection of the environment is compiled in the case when it is planned to carry out measures to protect the environment during the construction of an enterprise, building and structure. At the same time, it, as a rule, retains the numbering of objects and works adopted in the summary estimate calculation of the cost of construction. The statement includes only the estimated cost of objects and works directly related to environmental protection measures.
8. The procedure for preparing design estimates.
8.1. General provisions
In accordance with Art. 48 Urban Planning Code RF project documentation is a documentation containing materials in text form and in the form of maps (schemes) and defining architectural, functional, technological, constructive and engineering solutions to ensure the construction, reconstruction of facilities capital construction, their parts, overhaul, if during its implementation the structural and other characteristics of the reliability and safety of capital construction facilities are affected.
Types of work on the preparation of project documentation that affect the safety of capital construction facilities should be carried out only by individual entrepreneurs or legal entities that have certificates of admission to such types of work issued by a self-regulatory organization. Other types of work on the preparation of project documentation can be performed by any individuals or legal entities.
In the event that the preparation of project documentation is carried out by an individual or legal entity on the basis of an agreement with the developer or customer, the latter is obliged to provide such person with:
Town-planning plan of the land plot;
results engineering surveys(if they are absent, the contract should provide for the assignment for the performance of engineering surveys);
Specifications (in the event that the operation of the projected capital construction object cannot be ensured without connecting such an object to engineering and technical support networks).
Project documentation is approved by the developer or a person authorized by him (customer). In cases where it is necessary to conduct a state expert review of project documentation and engineering survey results, approval of the project documentation is possible only if there is a positive conclusion of these reviews.
Development and approval of design documentation is not required for the construction, reconstruction, overhaul of individual facilities. housing construction(separate residential buildings with the number of floors not more than three, designed for one family). In this case, the law does not require without fail development of project documentation, however, the developer has the right, on his own initiative, to ensure the development of project documentation in relation to such objects.
The regulation on the composition of sections of project documentation and the requirements for their content was approved by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of February 16, 2008 No. 87 “On the composition of sections of project documentation and requirements for their content”.
8.2. Flowchart of actions for the preparation of design and estimate documentation
8.3. The composition of the project documentation.
In accordance with Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of February 16, 2008 No. 87, project documentation for capital construction facilities for production and non-production purpose should consist of 13 sections:
Section 2 "Scheme of the planning organization of the land plot."
Section 3 "Architectural solutions".
Section 4 "Constructive and space-planning solutions".
Section 5 "Information on engineering equipment, on networks of engineering and technical support, a list of engineering and technical measures, the content of technological solutions"
a) subsection "Power supply system";
b) subsection "Water supply system";
c) subsection "Water disposal system";
d) subsection "Heating, ventilation and air conditioning, heating networks";
e) subsection "Communication networks";
f) subsection "Gas supply system";
g) subsection "Technological solutions";
Section 6 "Construction organization project".
Section 7 "Project for the organization of work on the demolition or dismantling of capital construction objects" (if necessary, demolition or dismantling of capital construction objects, their parts for construction, reconstruction of other capital construction objects).
Section 8 "List of measures for environmental protection".
Section 9 "Measures to ensure fire safety".
Section 10 "Measures to ensure access for persons with disabilities".
Section 10.1 "Measures to ensure compliance with the requirements of energy efficiency and the requirements for equipping buildings, structures and structures with metering devices for the energy resources used."
Section 11 "Estimates for the construction of capital construction projects."
Section 12 "Other documentation in cases provided for by federal laws."
In accordance with Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of February 16, 2008 No. 87, design documentation for linear capital construction facilities should consist of 10 sections:
Section 1 "Explanatory note".
Section 2 "Project of the right of way".
Section 3 "Technological and Constructive decisions linear object. Artificial constructions".
Section 4 "Buildings, structures and structures included in the infrastructure of a linear facility."
Section 5 "Construction organization project".
Section 6 "Project for the organization of work on the demolition (dismantling) of a linear facility."
Section 7 "Measures for environmental protection".
Section 8 "Measures to ensure fire safety".
Section 9 "Estimate for construction".
Section 10 "Other documentation in cases provided for by federal laws."
8.4. The list of types of work on engineering surveys, on the preparation of project documentation, on construction, reconstruction, overhaul capital construction projects that affect the safety of capital construction projects
8.4.1. General provisions
The list of types of work on engineering surveys, on the preparation of project documentation, on the construction, reconstruction, overhaul of capital construction facilities that affect the safety of capital construction facilities, approved by Order of the Ministry of Regional Development Russian Federation dated December 30, 2009 No. 624.
8.4.2. Types of work on engineering surveys.
In accordance with the Order of the Ministry of Regional Development of the Russian Federation dated December 30, 2009 No. 624, the following types of engineering survey work have been established:
1. Works as part of engineering and geodetic surveys
1.1. Creation of reference geodetic networks
1.2. Geodetic observations of deformations and settlements of buildings and structures, movements of the earth's surface and dangerous natural processes
1.3. Creation and updating of engineering and topographic plans on a scale of 1:200 - 1:5000, including in digital form, survey of underground utilities and structures
1.4. Line feature tracing
1.5. Engineering and hydrographic works
1.6. Special geodetic and topographic work in the construction and reconstruction of buildings and structures
2. Works as part of engineering and geological surveys
2.1. Engineering-geological survey on a scale of 1:500 - 1:25000
2.2. Sinking of mine workings with their testing, laboratory studies of the physical and mechanical properties of soils and chemical properties of groundwater samples
2.3. The study of dangerous geological and engineering-geological processes with the development of recommendations for the engineering protection of the territory
2.4. Hydrogeological research
2.5. Geophysical surveys
2.6. Engineering geocryological research
2.7. Seismological and seismotectonic studies of the territory, seismic microzoning
3. Works as part of engineering and hydrometeorological surveys
3.1. Meteorological observations and study of the hydrological regime water bodies
3.2. Study of dangerous hydrometeorological processes and phenomena with calculations of their characteristics
3.3. Study of channel processes of water bodies, deformations and processing of banks
3.4. Studies of the ice regime of water bodies
4. Works as part of engineering and environmental surveys
4.1. Engineering and environmental survey of the territory
4.2. Studies of chemical pollution of soils, surface and ground waters, atmospheric air, sources of pollution
4.3. Laboratory chemical-analytical and gas-chemical studies of samples and samples of soil and water
4.4. Research and assessment of physical impacts and radiation situation on the territory
4.5. Study of vegetation, wildlife, sanitary-epidemiological and medical-biological studies of the territory
5. Works as part of engineering and geotechnical surveys
(Performed as part of engineering-geological surveys or separately on the territory studied in engineering-geological terms for separate buildings and structures)
5.1. Sinking of mine workings with their testing and laboratory studies of the mechanical properties of soils with the determination of characteristics for specific schemes for calculating the bases of foundations
5.2. Field tests of soils with the determination of their standard strength and deformation characteristics (stamp, shear, pressuremeter, shear). Tests of reference and full-scale piles
5.3. Determination of standard mechanical characteristics of soils by methods of static, dynamic and drilling sounding
5.4. Physical and mathematical modeling of the interaction of buildings and structures with the geological environment
5.5. Special studies of soil characteristics according to individual programs for non-standard, including nonlinear methods calculation of the bases of foundations and structures of buildings and structures
5.6. Geotechnical control of construction of buildings, structures and adjacent territories
6. Inspection of the state of soils of the foundation of buildings and structures
7. Works on the organization of engineering surveys by a developer engaged on the basis of a contract or a legal entity authorized by him or individual entrepreneur (general contractor)
8.4.3. Types of work on the preparation of project documentation.
In accordance with the Order of the Ministry of Regional Development of the Russian Federation dated December 30, 2009 No. 624, the following types of work on the preparation of project documentation have been established:
1. Work on the preparation of a scheme for the planning organization of a land plot:
1.1. Works on the preparation of the master plan of the land plot
1.2. Works on the preparation of a planning organization scheme for the route of a linear facility
1.3. Works on the preparation of the scheme of planning organization of the right of way of the linear structure
2. Work on the preparation of architectural solutions
3. Work on the preparation of constructive solutions
4. Work on the preparation of information about the internal engineering equipment, internal networks engineering and technical support, about the list of engineering and technical measures:
4.1. Works on preparation of projects of internal engineering systems heating, ventilation, air conditioning, smoke ventilation, heating and cooling
4.2. Works on the preparation of projects for internal engineering systems of water supply and sewerage
4.3. Project preparation works internal systems electricity supply
4.4. Works on the preparation of projects for internal low-voltage systems
4.5. Works on the preparation of projects for internal dispatching, automation and management of engineering systems
4.6. Works on the preparation of projects for internal gas supply systems
5. Work on the preparation of information on external networks of engineering and technical support, on the list of engineering and technical measures:
5.1. Works on the preparation of projects for external heat supply networks and their structures
5.2. Works on the preparation of projects for external water supply and sewerage networks and their structures
5.3. Works on the preparation of projects for external power supply networks up to 35 kV inclusive and their structures
5.4. Works on the preparation of projects for external power supply networks of not more than 110 kV inclusive and their structures
5.5. Works on the preparation of projects for external power supply networks of 110 kV and more and their structures
5.6. Works on the preparation of projects for external networks of low-voltage systems
5.7. Works on the preparation of projects for external gas supply networks and their structures
6. Work on the preparation of technological solutions:
6.1. Works on the preparation of technological solutions for residential buildings and their complexes
6.2. Works on the preparation of technological solutions for public buildings and structures and their complexes
6.3. Works on preparation of technological solutions industrial buildings and structures and their complexes
6.4. Works on the preparation of technological solutions for transport facilities and their complexes
6.5. Works on the preparation of technological solutions for hydraulic structures and their complexes
6.6. Works on the preparation of technological solutions for agricultural facilities and their complexes
6.7. Works on the preparation of technological solutions for special-purpose facilities and their complexes
6.8. Works on the preparation of technological solutions for oil and gas facilities and their complexes
6.9. Works on the preparation of technological solutions for objects of collection, processing, storage, processing and disposal of waste and their complexes
6.10. Works on the preparation of technological solutions for nuclear power and industry facilities and their complexes
6.11. Work on the preparation of technological solutions for military infrastructure facilities and their complexes
6.12. Works on the preparation of technological solutions for treatment facilities and their complexes
6.13. Works on the preparation of technological solutions for metro facilities and their complexes
7. Work on the development of special sections of project documentation:
7.1. Engineering and technical measures for civil defense
7.2. Engineering and technical measures to prevent natural and man-made emergencies
7.3. Development of a declaration on industrial safety of hazardous production facilities
7.4. Development of a declaration of safety of hydraulic structures
7.5. Development of justification for radiation and nuclear protection
8. Works on the preparation of projects for the organization of construction, demolition and dismantling of buildings and structures, extension of the service life and conservation
9. Work on the preparation of draft measures for environmental protection
10. Works on the preparation of draft measures to ensure fire safety
11. Work on the preparation of draft measures to ensure access for people with limited mobility
12. Survey work building structures buildings and structures
13. Works on organizing the preparation of project documentation, attracted by the developer or customer on the basis of an agreement by a legal entity or an individual entrepreneur (general designer).
Estimate - financial document, which determines the estimated cost of all types of work.
Estimated documentation may include:
1) local estimates (estimate calculations) for certain types of work that must be performed on this object;
2) object estimates (estimate calculations) for the object as a whole, where data from local estimates are combined;
3) estimates for certain types of costs;
4) summary estimates; 5) summaries of costs.
Local estimates for certain types of construction and installation works, as well as for the cost of equipment, are based on the following data:
parameters of buildings and structures, their parts and structural elements adopted in design decisions;
· volumes of works given in the statements of construction and installation works;
nomenclature and quantity of equipment adopted in custom specifications, statements and other design materials;
· current estimated standards and indicators for types of work, structural elements, as well as market and regulated prices and tariffs for industrial products and services.
Local estimates are developed for:
buildings and structures, construction and internal plumbing work, electric lighting, electric power plants, purchase and installation of technological equipment and instrumentation;
general site works, vertical planning, arrangement engineering networks, landscaping, etc.
When designing complex buildings and structures, developing technical documentation by several design organizations, as well as when forming the estimated cost of launch complexes, two or more local estimates (estimates) are allowed for the same type of work. In local estimates, data are grouped by individual structural elements of the building (structure), types of work and devices. The order of grouping should correspond to the technological sequence of work and take into account the specifics of individual types of construction. The local estimate may contain separate sections for construction and internal plumbing work, equipment installation, etc.
The cost determined by local estimates includes direct costs, overheads and estimated profit. Direct costs take into account the cost of wages for workers, materials, products, structures and operation of construction machines.
Overhead costs include the costs of contractors associated with the creation general conditions production, its maintenance, organization and management.
Estimated profit - the amount of funds necessary to reimburse certain expenses of contractors for the development of production, the social sphere and material incentives.
It acts as a normative part of the cost of construction products and does not apply to the cost of work.
Object estimates (calculations) are developed for the object as a whole based on the indicators of local estimates with a grouping of work and costs in the appropriate columns - the estimated cost of construction and installation work, equipment and other works with the subsequent addition of limited and other costs.
Estimates are made in a single price level in the base or in the current (forecast) options. On the basis of object estimates, settlements for the work performed between the customer and the contractor are carried out.
Estimated calculations for certain types of costs are necessary for those cases when it is necessary to establish for the construction site as a whole the amount of funds required to cover costs that are not taken into account by the estimated standards. Such calculations are made in the same manner and in the same form as local estimates.
To determine the estimated cost of the designed enterprises, buildings and structures, estimate documentation is compiled. Its composition makes it possible to determine the estimated cost of various types of construction products: construction and installation works, construction projects, construction in general and, if necessary, their constituent start-up complexes and construction phases.
The procedure for the development of estimate documentation is established by the Instruction on the procedure for the development, approval, approval and composition of project documentation for the construction of enterprises, buildings and structures.
With a two-stage design, the full composition of the estimate documentation is developed at the first stage - a feasibility study (project) in the form of estimates and can be clarified at the stage of working documentation by drawing up local and object estimates, if this is provided for by the contract for design work. At the stage of the working draft, local and object estimates and a summary estimate of the cost of construction are compiled.
Article 743 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation establishes that "a contracting construction organization is obliged to carry out construction and related work in accordance with the technical documentation that determines the scope, content of work and other requirements for them, and with an estimate that determines the price of work." That is, technical documentation and estimates are mandatory annexes to the construction contract.
From the point of view of the legality of the construction and payment for the completed construction and installation works, this means that all the work performed by the contractor construction organization, the amount of work that is not provided with the necessary design and estimate documentation (DED), the customer is not obliged to pay. If the work is accepted and paid by the customer, then the investor has the right not to recognize the costs incurred and not to reimburse them. The tax aspect of such a violation is that the amount of profits used to finance capital investments, not secured by PED, cannot be presented for benefits.
In this way, timely and correct development of design estimates serves to achieve at least two main goals:
- firstly, ensuring the legality of the start of construction;
- secondly, determining the size of the necessary sources of financing in terms of the timing of capital investments and their technological structure.
AT building complex to determine the set of documents required for construction, the term design and estimate documentation (DED) is used.
1. The composition, procedure for the development, approval and approval of design and estimate documentation for the construction of enterprises, buildings and structures was approved by the Decree of the USSR Gosstroy of December 23, 1985 N 253 (SNiP 1.02.-1-85.). Currently, the Methodology for determining the cost of construction products on the territory of the Russian Federation is in force, (MDS 81-35. 2004) / Gosstroy of Russia / Moscow, 2004 (hereinafter - Guidelines). The main provisions governing the composition and procedure for the development of design and estimate documentation are included in the Guidelines
The basis for determining the estimated cost of construction are:
- project and working documentation, including drawings, statements of volumes of construction and installation works, specifications and statements for equipment, main decisions on the organization and sequence of construction adopted in the construction organization project, as well as explanatory notes to design materials;
- current estimated (including resource) standards, as well as selling prices for equipment, furniture and inventory;
- separate decisions of the central and other government bodies related to the relevant construction site.
In the event that the necessary estimated standards are not available in the current estimated and normative (normative and information) base, as well as for specialized construction projects (including linear ones), individual estimated standards can be drawn up in an arbitrary form as part of the project.
All design and estimate documentation is combined into a working draft, in which, in accordance with the requirements of the design assignment, start-up complexes should be allocated, which include objects of the main production, auxiliary and service purposes, energy, transport and storage facilities, communications, engineering Communication and treatment facilities that ensure the release of products (provision of services) in the prescribed volume and complete processing of production waste, normal sanitary and living conditions for workers, as well as objects related to the protection of the natural environment.
A working draft (project) for new construction, expansion and reconstruction of existing enterprises, buildings and structures or their stages must consist of the following sections:
- general explanatory note;
- general plan and transport;
- technological solutions;
- scientific organization of labor of workers and employees;
- enterprise management;
- building solutions;
- organization of construction;
- environmental protection;
- housing and civil construction;
- budget documentation;
- passport of the working project (project).
To determine the estimated cost of the designed enterprises, buildings, structures or their queues, the following estimate documentation is compiled:
as part of the working draft (with one-stage design):
- consolidated budget calculation;
- summary of costs;
- object and local estimates (with the duration of construction of enterprises, buildings and structures up to two years, as well as during construction carried out according to standard and reusable projects);
- object and local estimates (with the duration of construction of enterprises, buildings and structures over two years, and for the object of work of the first year of construction - object and local estimates);
- estimates for design and survey work;
as part of the working documentation - object and local estimates.
The definitions of the components of the estimate documentation are given in the Code of Rules for Design and Construction "Determining the cost of construction as part of pre-design and design estimates", adopted by the letter of the Ministry of Construction of the Russian Federation dated December 29, 1994 N VB-12-276 (SP 81-01-94) .
Local estimates are primary budget documents. They are compiled for certain types of work and costs for buildings and structures or for general site work based on the volumes that are defined in the working documentation (RD) or working drawings.
Local estimates are compiled on the basis of the same elements design solutions, as local estimates, but in cases where the scope of work and costs have not yet been finally determined and are subject to clarification on the basis of the detailed design documentation or during construction.
Object estimates are budget documents on the basis of which free (contractual) prices for construction products are formed. They combine in their composition for the object as a whole data from local estimates.
Object estimates are estimates that combine in their composition for the object as a whole data from local estimates and local estimates.
Estimated calculations for certain types of costs are intended for those cases when it is necessary to determine the size (limit) of funds necessary for the construction site as a whole to reimburse those costs that are not taken into account by the estimated standards.
A consolidated cost estimate for the construction of enterprises, buildings and structures (or their stages) is compiled on the basis of object estimates (estimates) and estimates for certain types of costs.
A summary of costs is an estimate document that determines the cost of construction of enterprises, buildings, structures or their queues in cases where, along with production facilities, design estimates for civil and other purposes are drawn up.
Detailed list works for which separate estimates and cost estimates are prepared, as well as the principles for their preparation are set out in the aforementioned Code of Rules for Construction 81-01-94.
Besides, simultaneously with the estimate documentation as part of the working draft, the following are also developed:
- a statement of the estimated cost of construction of facilities included in the start-up complex, a statement of the estimated cost of facilities and works for the protection of the environment and a statement of the estimated cost of commercial construction products (with the duration of construction of enterprises, buildings and structures up to two years, and with a longer duration - for facilities put into operation in the first year of construction).
Full estimated cost all works and costs provided for by the working project, including the estimated cost of construction and installation works, the cost of purchasing equipment (mounted and non-mounted), tools, fixtures, inventory, as well as all related costs, determined by the consolidated budget calculation construction cost, which includes the following chapters:
1. Preparation of the construction site;
2. Main construction objects;
3. Objects of ancillary and service purposes;
4. Energy facilities;
5. Objects of transport economy and communications;
6. External networks and facilities for water supply, sewerage, heat supply and gas supply;
7. Improvement and gardening of the territory;
8. Temporary buildings and structures;
9. Other works and expenses;
11. Training of operational personnel;
12. Design and survey work.
The following funds are included in the consolidated estimate calculation in accordance with the established procedure:
On the development of the construction area;
Demolition and relocation of buildings and structures (including houses and structures owned by citizens) located on the allotted land plot or outside it, if their further use for the intended purpose is impossible;
To compensate for losses to land users and losses of agricultural production in the event of land withdrawal;
To compensate for losses caused by the implementation of water management measures, termination or change in the conditions of water use, as well as the implementation of other measures related to the violation of the natural environment.
In addition, funds for restoration (reclamation) are included. land plots provided for temporary use, in accordance with the project for reclamation. Data on the estimated cost of objects and works for environmental protection are included in the section of the working draft (draft) "Protection of the natural environment".
Duty to development of design and estimate documentation rests with the builder. It is assumed that each element of the documentation is agreed with the contractor (at the stage of design, approval or conclusion of a construction contract).
estimate- a set of calculations to determine the amount of project costs. It allows you to monitor and analyze consumption Money for the project. How accurately the estimate reflects the level of necessary costs depends on the assessment of the cost-effectiveness of the project, the planning of cost estimates and financing.
Estimates are drawn up during the design process on the basis of graphic materials, specifications for them and explanatory notes.
The estimated cost of construction and installation works is used to determine the contract price and conclude contracts between customers and contractors, between the general contractor and subcontractors, as well as for settlements between them. The estimated cost is also used to compare options for organizing construction and work, to select structural and space-planning solutions and building materials.
On the basis of the estimate and the calendar plan, the project budget is compiled and accounting, reporting and evaluation of the activities of the participants are carried out. Therefore, the estimated cost should not only cover the costs of the project, but also provide the necessary profit. However, the estimate gives only a forecast of the final cost of the project, since the final cost is known only after the completion of the project.
The estimated cost of the designed enterprises, structures, facilities, their parts and types of work is determined on the basis of the following documents.
1. Consolidated estimate calculation(SSR) - the main document that determines the cost of construction. is compiled on the basis of object and local estimates, as well as estimates for additional costs and includes 12 chapters:
1) preparation of the construction site;
2) main construction objects;
3) objects of ancillary production and service purposes;
4) energy facilities;
5) transport facilities and communications;
6) external networks and facilities for water supply, sewerage, heat and gas supply;
7) improvement and gardening of the territory;
8) temporary buildings and structures;
9) other works and expenses;
11) training of operational personnel;
12) design and survey work.
A separate line in the SSR provides for a reserve for unforeseen work and costs.
2. Object estimates are developed for the construction of each individual building and structure and contain the calculation of the costs for the production of various types of construction work, as well as part of the reserve of funds for unforeseen expenses.
3. Local estimates are drawn up according to working drawings for each type of work and contain calculations of the estimated cost of the structural elements of these works.
Local estimates contain the following indicators:
labor intensity of work (in man-hours) to determine the basic wages of construction workers;
time of use of construction works (in machine hours);
· the cost of materials, products and structures (in physical terms) and the consumption of resources for the transportation of materials, products and structures. the cost of resources in this case is determined by current or forecast prices.
Estimated construction cost - total amount capital investments for construction:
where C is the estimated cost of construction; From page - the cost of construction works; C mont - the cost of work on the installation of equipment; C about - the cost of purchasing equipment, tools and inventory; С pr - other capital costs; C nepr - a reserve for unforeseen work and costs.
Estimated cost of construction and installation works- the sum of direct costs, overhead costs and estimated profit.
Direct costs are directly related to the production of construction and installation works and include:
main wages workers;
cost of materials, structures, parts, semi-finished products;
Costs for the operation of machines and mechanisms.
Overhead costs include:
Administrative and economic expenses (maintenance of the administrative apparatus, rent and depreciation on fixed assets used by the administrative apparatus, transportation costs, payment for consultations, information and audit services; stationery, printing and other administrative and housekeeping expenses;
costs for maintenance of construction workers;
costs associated with the organization of work at construction sites;
Other overhead expenses (payments for compulsory insurance, bank loans, advertising, participation in fairs and exhibitions, taxes, fees and other obligatory payments, entertainment expenses).
Estimated profit includes: funds for the payment of income tax, costs for the development of production, for material incentives for employees and for the development of the social sphere.
Part costs for the purchase of equipment, fixtures, tools and production inventory includes: the cost of payment, packaging, packaging and delivery for construction site the equipment provided for by the project; expenses for the purchase and manufacture of fixtures, tools and inventory, without which the operation of the facility under construction is impossible.
Other capital expenditures included in the estimated cost of construction include:
Costs for the implementation of design and survey work;
· Expenses for the development of the site (payment for land acquisition, compensation for the cost of land alienated for construction, payment for resettlement in connection with construction, etc.);
· the cost of training operational personnel for the enterprise, etc.
Provision for unforeseen work and expenses is intended to compensate for the cost of those works and costs that cannot always be foreseen during the design process, but which may arise during the detailed study of design decisions, as well as during the construction and installation work. The amount of the reserve is calculated as a percentage of the estimated cost and depends on the object and industry.
Based on the estimated cost, the contract price is determined, which is the basis for contract bidding and, if it is finally agreed, the basis for concluding a contract.
The following methods are used to determine the estimated cost of construction:
1. Basic compensatory- preparation of estimate documentation using existing estimate norms. The estimated cost is determined in 2 stages:
1) at the design stage, the basic level of the estimated cost is determined with an approximate forecast of the rise in the cost of the basic cost due to inflationary expectations;
2) during the construction process, additional costs are calculated due to real changes in prices and tariffs compared to those determined at the first stage.
2. resource- Calculation in current (projected) prices of the cost elements required for the implementation of the project. It is expedient for an investor to determine the cost of resources both in the current and in the basic price level (based on standards).
3. Resource-index method- combination resource method with a system of indices for resources (the ratio of forecast or current prices to the base ones). The information basis for determining the current indices is the data statistical reporting, primary accounting, as well as the results of special statistical observations. Forecast indices developed on the basis of:
· mathematical processing of indicators of the dynamics of price indices for previous periods;
· Quantitative assessment of the impact of inflation factors (energy prices) on the price level;
· quantitative assessment of the impact on the level of state regulation measures.
Project cost planning
The project budget is a plan expressed in quantitative terms and reflecting the costs necessary to achieve the goal. The budget presents the estimated results of the revised schedule and project implementation strategy. The project budgeting process is the distribution of estimated costs over time based on a schedule.
Initial information for project cost planning: estimate documentation; project schedule; preliminary schedule cash flows(compiled during the development of the feasibility study); analysis financial condition investor.
In the process of project implementation, 2 types of budgets can be developed:
1. Capital budget - is developed at the construction and installation stage in the following order: At the first stage, based on the calendar plan, a list of works is formed that must be completed in each period of time (with the calculation of the average duration of these works). At the second stage, based on the estimate documentation, the cost of these works is determined. At the third stage, the cost of work is calculated by cost items. Further, the total volume of receipts of funds and their structure are specified. Cost planning in the development of the project budget is built on three levels.
1) the estimated cost of all work is sequentially summarized and a cumulative cash disbursement curve is built.
Price, %
2) the amount of necessary costs in each period of time is determined by summing up the estimated cost of work to be performed in this period according to the calendar plan. Based on the data obtained, a graph is constructed showing how much funds you need to have in each period. the area of the schedule corresponds to the estimated cost of the project.
3) distribution of costs over time for each type of work (for alternative options for using funds)
2. The operating budget is developed during the operational phase.
When developing a budget, the method of "flexible budgeting" is possible. It provides for the establishment of costs not in fixed prices, but in the form of expenditure standards tied to the corresponding volumetric performance indicators.
