Buying a plot of land is the first and most decisive step towards building your own home. But only the desire to build a house is not enough, you need to stock up on time, effort and finances to make your dream come true. You will have to familiarize yourself with a lot of documents, norms and rules of construction, collect required documents and be prepared for significant expenses.
It is worth considering that land plot, which is supposed to be used for the construction of a future house, not everyone is suitable.
Therefore, before acquiring it, all territorial and technical characteristics must be very carefully studied, and only after that it is possible to draw up a plan for the construction of a private house.
Next, it is worth deciding who will build the house - the developer or the construction of the house will be done on its own. If the construction of the house will be carried out by a company that provides services for the construction of houses, it is necessary to conclude an agreement with it, which will specify all the conditions and details of the plan for building a private house. If, nevertheless, the construction of the future house is independent, then one of the obvious advantages will be, of course, saving financial costs and confidence in the quality of execution.
Before you start building, you need to collect all Required documents. First of all, you need to get a building permit.
A building permit is valid for up to three years and takes approximately 20 days to obtain. Having received permission, you can proceed to the plan for the construction of a private house, to prepare and coordinate project documentation future home and plan a plan for the construction of a private house.
After that, the site is measured and divided into future buildings, which is carried out by the urban planning and architecture authorities with the participation of the developer.
Now you can do the design, drawings and estimates. Usually, the data indicated in the estimate are lower than the practical value, because unforeseen expenses can always arise during construction. That is why it is important to draw up an estimate together with an experienced architect who will objectively calculate the future costs of building a house.
After laying all communications, the foundation is laid. If the future building will consist of a bar, then it is not necessary to consider an expensive option; light frame structures are suitable for not very buried types of foundations. At the end preparatory work You can already see the outlines of the future building.
When the foundation is ready, the turn of the most important, albeit the shortest-term work comes - the installation of the structure of the future building is being carried out. If a prefabricated house is planned, which is manufactured at the factory, then the assembly process will take only 3 to 7 days, because the assembly of the modules resembles the compilation of parts from the designer.
Most of the budget is Finishing work. Interior design does not apply to low-cost construction items, but if the walls are made of timber, then it is quite possible to save money on finishing, because a smooth timber looks quite aesthetically pleasing.
For many people, a country house is something like a cherished dream - the prospect of taking a break from the bustle of the city in a cozy corner seems quite rosy. Moreover, you want not only to purchase a ready-made building with a landscaped garden plot, but to create a homestead of your dreams, in which all the wishes regarding design and layout will be correctly embodied. There is only one thing left - to transfer your ideas to paper, and only then, having drafted a house and determined its location on the site, put it into practice (engage directly in building a house). If regarding the second point, by definition, there can be no doubt about the need for outside help - even if you are a professional builder, you will not be able to build the right mansion on your own, but the costs of drawing up an architect can be eliminated. How can design and construction be made cheaper? Yes, it’s very simple - it’s quite possible to do his work yourself, even without any special skills in creating a private house project. Designing a house (drawing it schematically on paper), in fact, is not so difficult!
The most important thing is that the house construction project developed by you is created based on the following principles:
Multiple functionality - that is, the house built according to this project will be convenient and practical in all respects. Do-it-yourself house project should be no worse than an architect's;
Simplicity of design - it will not be difficult to make a project at home only if it does not involve any frills. The creation of some particularly complex project, the implementation of which will require a huge amount of creative frills, is highly discouraged for a person who does not have a special education, because some fundamentally important things can be ignored;
Aesthetics - of course, a country house should look beautiful and please the eyes of its owners. The project of a reliable home should also be spectacular!
Remember - in the event that the project is created taking into account these principles, then it will be very good in life. Again, we are talking about a rather primitive independent structure - an amateur will not design a premium-class cottage. Only an architect should be involved in designing houses of this level - beginners here very often make mistakes.
How to start "working on a project at home with your own hands"? First of all, when working on a house project on your own, it is necessary to conduct a geological survey of the site - to assess the nature of the terrain, soil and find out the level of standing groundwater. The best time of the year for this is spring, when their level is as high as possible and it is possible to determine this indicator with maximum reliability. It is very important to do this based on the fact that it is this indicator that is most important when laying the foundation of a private house.
To determine the depth of groundwater, we recommend contacting a specialist
For good example our editors used the free demo version of the Vizicon program. But all actions can be performed on a regular sheet of paper. For example, a simple project was chosen two-story house 10 m x 10 m
To design houses, it will be necessary to “arm yourself” with an ordinary squared notebook sheet and a pencil, while setting the appropriate scale. It is most rational in this situation to proceed as follows - to conditionally designate ten meters of the site with two cells. Thus, one millimeter on the ruler will equal 1 meter in real life- a ratio of one to a thousand.
Step 1: draw the outline of the house on a notebook sheet using a ruler and a pencil at a scale of 1:1000, i.e. 1 mm on paper is equal to 1 meter
Drawing on paper the contour of the site itself, as well as future buildings. In this case, all work must be carried out in strict accordance with the correct scale - carefully measuring each meter on the ground and applying it to paper in accordance with the dimensions of one to a thousand, you ensure the reliability and aesthetics of the building being erected. You can draw a project in this way very quickly. It is imperative to take into account not only the contours of the site allocated for design and construction, but also all the objects located on the site that were there even before its planned construction, and at the same time there is no possibility of transferring them. After that, it will be possible to start designing the building itself - to simplify the task, suppose that the house being designed will consist of four rooms, a kitchen and two bathrooms (standard housing for a family of several people).
A few words about the design of the basement. It should be noted that it is not always necessary for it. For example, in the event that groundwater is high, then it will be a very expensive pleasure - it will be much easier to include another room in the project - as an additional room.
We put a vestibule and a hallway on the sketch - and already from it there will be transitions to the kitchen and other rooms. It is necessary to arrange the premises taking into account the following points:
The bathroom and the kitchen should be placed in close proximity to each other - thanks to this arrangement, it will be much easier to carry out communications;
It is very good if the drafted project implies the absence of walk-through rooms - this is an integral element of comfort;
On the ground floor, it is necessary to take into account the presence of all auxiliary structures and premises - their location will be very important not only to ensure the functional suitability of the house, but also for the comfortable movement of residents.
Step 2: draw all the rooms and premises of the first floor with the required size
After that, we arrange and plan all the doors of our house
Step 3: designing the doors on the ground floor
Then windows, taking into account the desired illumination of the rooms and your budget
Step 4: design windows on the first floor
As a result, we get such a first floor:
This is how the 3D model of the first floor turned out
Here everything will be much easier - after all, the premises in the house can be located identically (the most important thing is not to change the relative position of the bathrooms - in order not to complicate communications). It will be enough to design the location of the front door (many architects recommend making two entrances to the second floor - at home and from the street) and windows.
Step 5: Similarly, we plan the premises of the second floor. Do not forget about communications - we have bathrooms and a bathroom under each other
Step 6: Positioning the Doors
Step 7: Draw the Second Floor Windows
We got this 3D model of the second floor
We decided to create a house project ourselves - there will be no need to try to draw some too “abstruse” roof with a lot of bends. Remember, the roof is one of the most important structural components in a home, and it's definitely not worth trying to create additional aesthetics by calling into question reliability. All this will lead to the fact that leaks will occur in places of bends. You draw a project - be so kind as to profess the principles of minimalism in architecture.
You can't do without an architect to design such a roof
There is one very important rule- all auxiliary premises must be built on the north side. Although the thermal insulation provided by building materials, is of paramount importance, the relative position of the rooms also cannot be overlooked - if only because of the savings in energy consumption for heating the house.
The need to correct the project. Even if you yourself were able to draw the house of your dreams on paper, it will be necessary to consult with specialists before starting the construction of the house - the opinion of a competent foreman or architect will not be superfluous. At a minimum, the following points will need to be agreed upon:
Carrying out electricians;
Carrying out own sewerage;
Carrying out water supply;
It must be understood that all of the above issues are not an artistic or architectural part of the project. These are all the most routine issues, a competent approach to solving which is provided only by professionals in their field. In extreme cases, any oversight in the independent drafting of a house project, which was made by a person who does not have a specialized education, can be corrected by a competent foreman who understands the practical side of any idea much better. Although even if the project is drawn up by professional architects, purely practical shortcomings are also not ruled out.
You can create the project of your house yourself - in order to develop drawings of the relative position of certain premises, as well as to determine the place of the house on the site, you do not need special knowledge. A competent and responsible approach to business will ensure the success of your event. However, in terms of communication, it will be necessary to consult with professionals. Thus, it will be possible to properly plan a house that will serve you faithfully.
Designing a house yourself: creating a house project
4.5 (90%) 6 votesEven at the very beginning of construction, or rather even at the moment of the idea, private developers are faced with the problem of how to draw up a house plan correctly on their own.
A custom-made house plan can be quite expensive for the developer, so in this article we will consider the question of how to make a house plan yourself.
The design of buildings and houses is a rather complex and multifaceted issue. Drawing up a house plan will require you, at a minimum, to have certain skills and knowledge in geometry and drawing. You will also need data on the features of the site on which the construction is planned. Spatial thinking will not interfere in this matter.
Before starting work on designing a building, think over certain points: how many people the house will be designed to accommodate, how many rooms and bathrooms you need to provide, where the kitchen will be located, etc. Compare all these data with and get to work.
Today there are several ways to draw up a house plan:
Consider each of the options for drawing up a plan independently in more detail.
First of all, you will need a plan of the construction site, as well as data on the condition of the soil in the area.
A site plan will be needed in order to orient and determine the size of the house and its location on the ground. Soil data will help you choose the best type.
Today, when everyone (at home or at work) has a personal computer or laptop, it is not necessary to spend time and nerves compiling a complete house by hand. There are a number of software products that can be downloaded from the Internet and installed on your PC. With the help of these programs, many of which are designed for non-professionals, you can solve quite professional problems and draw up a plan for a country house of any complexity.
It is not necessary to buy specialized software. It is enough to download a shareware product. This kind of software gives access for a certain period of time or for a number of launches.
Architectural programs designers are able to create a two- and even three-dimensional model of the house according to the specified parameters. It is also possible to draw up a house plan with several floors.
One such program is the Ashampoo Home Designer Pro 2.0 software product. installed on a computer, this program help you plan your house using ready-made templates and constructive solutions.
Getting started, you will need to specify the main dimensions of the building and the number of floors. Next, doors and windows are applied to the draft layout.
If you have a site plan, you can enter the cadastral data into the program. The 3D model will allow you to see your future home and its location on the ground.
Ashampoo Home Designer Pro 2.0 includes the ability to design not only rooms, but also the roof of a future home. There is also a function for the selection of interior decoration and even furniture placement.
Also inexpensive and quite convenient, and most importantly understandable (even for an inexperienced user), are software products *Design Studio 3D Home 3.0* or *ArCon Home & Landscape*.
There are also online programs that allow you to make 2D or 3D models of a house. One of these services is the online designer http://ru.floorplanner.com/.
Many of us dream of our own country house, where one could come for the weekend and take a break from the annoying and noisy city life. And if we talk about the independent construction of such a house, then the most difficult step will be, perhaps, the selection of a suitable project that fully meets the requirements and wishes of the future owner. Designing a house on your own is quite difficult, this procedure requires certain knowledge and skills.
First you need to figure out what should be country cottage. There can be quite a lot of requirements, but they all boil down to three important points:
There are a lot of ready-made projects on the Internet, both standard and individual. But when choosing one or another of them, you should not rush, first of all, you should decide - is it really an individual project that is really needed?
Important! Such projects are used mainly for non-standard sites where construction typical house problematic or even impossible.
The best option (in terms of time and finances) would be to purchase a standard project with subsequent binding to a specific site by an experienced architect. But this is on condition that only a slight adjustment is required, and if you need to completely change the project, then it is better to immediately order an individual version.
If plannedDIY house design, then it is unlikely that it will be possible to do without a qualified specialist, since when drawing up, problems may arise with numerous technical details - the number and location of lamps, sewerage, wall thickness / height, etc. Based on this, there are only two possible (read: inexpensive) options.
Important! Regardless of who and how drafted the project, the construction must be entrusted to a qualified foreman, who is able to “by eye” determine what exactly needs to be done to implement this or that detail.
If this is not done, then in the event of the destruction of the house there will be no one to blame, since according to the law the foreman cannot be responsible for the compliance of the house project with safety requirements.
If an architect was involved in the design of the house, then you need to remember the basic requirements and, if possible, fulfill them.
Important! Sometimes the customer, after familiarizing himself with finished project wishes to make corrections or additions. Of course, this will also increase the compilation time.
As mentioned earlier, a house project with a primitive layout can be made by hand. To create a sketch of a “dream house”, you only need paper and a pencil, no specific skills or an architect’s diploma are needed. Below is the sequence of basic steps.
Design should begin with geo-prospecting of the site. This will provide accurate information about the properties of the soil and the depth of groundwater (the latter is necessary when planning the foundation and basement). It is desirable to carry out exploration in the spring, when groundwater rises to the highest level.
First, a sheet of paper is taken in a box. Let's say one meter of the plot is two cells. In this case, the scale will be 1:100, that is, 1 mm in the project will equal 10 cm in life.
Next, you need to draw the outline of the site with all adjacent buildings in order to correctly determine the location of the house. At the same stage, the number of floors and whether there will be other structures in the yard is determined. If there are already some objects on the site that will not be removed (for example, a pool), then they are applied first. So the design will be carried out taking into account free space.
Important! You need to be prepared for repeated use of the tape measure, because everything needs to be done in accordance with the scale.
Let's say the house will have two floors, two bedrooms, two toilets, a living room, a kitchen and a basement.
If there are any structures nearby, then it is necessary that there be at least three meters between them and the house - this is necessary for fire safety.
Next, you need to start planning the basement. If the groundwater level is high enough, then the arrangement of the basement will increase total cost by about a third. Therefore, it is desirable to simply make an additional room instead, but on the condition that the area of \u200b\u200bthe site allows it.
After determining the height and type of foundation, the issue is resolved with the building material that will be used to build the house. Next, a hall is drawn, a living room with a kitchen are joined to it, and a toilet is placed in the formed “pocket”.
Then you need to see what happened. We’ll make a reservation right away that you shouldn’t get upset at the same time, because this is just a rough sketch.
It turned out quite well, but some things can be corrected.
The basement may need to be modified. In the second version of the sketch, there were some changes.
Everything is much easier on the second floor. The toilet is located in the same place so that there are no problems when making communications. The wall between the bedroom and the recreation room moves somewhat in favor of the bedrooms.
It is also necessary to plan all the windows and the front door.
When designing a roof, there is one simple rule to keep in mind: the more bends and joints, the higher the value of the house. In addition, a roof that is too complex will be unreliable and over time, leaks will form at the bends.
In order to reduce heat loss, all non-residential premises should be placed in the northern part of the house. In addition, thermal insulation largely depends on the quality of the materials used for insulation, as well as on the location of the windows.
Important! Despite the fact that the house looks perfect on paper, once it is built, it may no longer be to your liking. At the same time, according to an unfinished and “raw” sketch, you can build a quite decent cottage that will last for more than a decade.
So, the project is almost ready, it remains to take it to the architecture for approval. Most likely, the department will offer to modify it somewhat - you should not refuse. In addition to the project itself, the architecture must be provided with:
Important! Risu nk must be accompanied by a real estimate for building materials.
Designing a house, like any other important event, should be thought out in advance, because the future may depend on it. The above project has already taken into account the possibility of increasing the size of the family (there are two bedrooms on the second floor - one of them is for children).
More and more people are choosing to live in own house- in the suburbs, away from the bustle of the city. And although this choice is justified by the presence of undeniable advantages - relaxing in your own garden, playing outdoors with children, barbecues with friends and other joys of private home ownership, you initially have to go through pleasant, but still significant chores associated with building a house. Therefore, it is not surprising that the decision to start building a private home is an important stage in the life of any family.
It is completely unreasonable, when thinking about where to start building a house, many take preparation for a zero cycle. construction site and laying the foundation. In practice, this is only the “tip of the iceberg”, because before the actual start of construction, a large amount of preparatory work will have to be done, on which the success of the entire enterprise largely depends. In addition to obtaining the necessary permits, each stage of construction needs to be worked out, which will help to avoid future problems, for example, with inconvenient stairs and a wetland.
Long way from decision to implementation
At this stage, several important issues will have to be resolved: choose a site for construction, determine its budget, select a project, obtain a building permit and select a contractor. All questions are of equal importance, everyone will have to pay enough attention.
When choosing and buying land for a new home, they pay attention to both legal and practical nuances. The procedure is accompanied by the execution of many documents, so it is advisable to involve a trusted intermediary - a realtor or a lawyer.
It is impossible to decide how to properly build a house without a detailed inspection of the site where the work will be carried out, and ideally, everyone starts with finding land for construction. Because the comfort future life directly depends on the location of the site, then when choosing the latter, they are guided by several criteria:
Difficult site dictates the rules for the location of the house
This and others useful information can be obtained from the owners of neighboring land plots, as well as in the administration of the settlement.
Experienced, knowing how to build a private house, experts advise making a request to the relevant institutions about the possibility of connecting to existing engineering networks. Otherwise, an unexpected ban will become a serious problem.
Geodetic surveys give comprehensive assessment conditions of the territory for further construction
When the place for building a house is finally chosen, activities are carried out to facilitate the work:
How to minimize losses when building a house on video:
On our website you can find contacts of construction companies that offer. You can directly communicate with representatives by visiting the exhibition of houses "Low-Rise Country".
The choice of suitable material is a topic for a separate detailed discussion. Any material, be it brick, wood, sandwich panels, foam or aerated concrete, has a set of individual properties. These qualities can manifest themselves both with positive and with negative side, which depends on the context of use.
When choosing a material, local conditions (climate, relief) and economic arguments are decisive factors. The latter often conflict with the desire to make the house comfortable, reliable and environmentally friendly. It must be remembered that any house needs thoughtful insulation, a reliable roof and modern engineering support.
In general, block (from cellular concrete) and frame houses(including SIP panels). The least time (1-2 days) will be spent on installing a modular house, but this is not the most budget option.
Such an understandable desire to save money does not justify itself when building a house, as it most often leads to increased costs in the future. The phased construction of a house involves a detailed preliminary calculation of the estimate; it is better to compile it together with the foreman.
Once the walls and roof have been erected, the cost of building engineering may seem unreasonably large, but it is not recommended to reduce them without good reason.
Construction costs can be reduced by choosing a ready-made project
By many parameters standard project is the most profitable option(when compared with self-building and an individual project). It allows you to immediately begin construction, without delaying the design work.
It would be best to buy from a firm or construction company with solid recommendations and guarantees. The version downloaded from the Internet can end up being more expensive. When choosing a project, the owners start from the conditions and way of their life, determining the important parameters of the future home:
The shape of the roof and the dimensions of the rooms are determined when choosing a project
After agreeing on all the details, the project is tied to the terrain. During this stage, the optimal position of the building on the site is selected.
The step-by-step process of building a house on video:
Before starting construction works, it is necessary to coordinate them, having received permission. To build a house from scratch, you need to start by preparing documents, the list of which has some differences in different regions. The list can be specified in the administration.
Further, an act of inspection of the site and a construction passport of the facility are drawn up. In the sanitary-epidemiological and fire inspections, a development plan is coordinated, and in the fire department, in addition, electrical and gas schemes. After studying the agreed plan, the architecture committee issues a building passport.
Family friendly design
The purpose of landscape planning is to turn the site into a territory that best meets the needs of the family. The arrangement, performed by specialists, will solve several problems:
The composition and the required amount of materials are specified in the estimate. When choosing, building and finishing materials that have a manufacturer's certificate (quality assurance) are preferred. This will help to avoid future disappointments in roofing or exterior finishes that begin to rapidly lose their appearance after 2-3 seasons.
Improper storage can ruin even a brick
Usually most of the materials are harvested for the future. Construction is often delayed or temporarily suspended, for example, for the winter. In case of improper storage, the quality of materials may decrease, sometimes significantly (this applies not only to wooden structures, but also to bricks, building blocks, dry mixes).
How to build a house and avoid typical video mistakes
Many site owners prefer to rely on the recommendations of good friends and acquaintances who have personally encountered construction. This strategy can be expanded and strengthened with additional actions:
Laying a solid foundation takes time
Knowing where to start building a house on the site, you can think through the subsequent stages of building a private house and not worry about missed deadlines. Before starting work, it is necessary to provide access roads, water and electricity supply to the construction site. At this stage, the axes of the building have already been moved to the site in accordance with fire and sanitary standards. The construction of a private house goes through several stages.
The place of entry of the water supply and the withdrawal of sewerage is outlined, trenches are dug for them, pipes are laid and insulated. The foundation is being laid. To do this, a foundation pit is dug, a crushed stone pillow is laid on the bottom, and formwork is installed. After the installation of the reinforcement, concrete is poured.
It takes 20 to 30 days for concrete to gain strength. This time can be devoted to the construction of a septic tank or well. Then the foundation walls are erected.
Frame assembly work
At this stage, walls are built and ceilings are mounted, then rafters are built and the roof is laid. The windows are inserted last and the garage doors and front door are installed.
This includes exterior finish walls, installation of a balcony and stairs (if provided by the project). Next, the internal insulation of the floor and walls is carried out, the primary finishing of the walls, the floors are mounted, and the ceiling is sheathed. Lay at the same time network engineering(sewerage, plumbing and electrical wiring).
After that, the building can be insured as an object of construction in progress. Before finishing the walls, they install the air conditioning system and underfloor heating.
Laying floors in a private house
The stage includes the completion of interior decoration, the installation of a kitchen and sanitary equipment, and putting the territory in order. After the work is completed, the owner and the contractor sign a work acceptance certificate indicating a guarantee for the work performed. Further, the building must be registered with the GASN (State Architectural and Construction Supervision) and the State Register.
erection own house- an exciting period in the life of the family. Way from approval architectural plan before the housewarming will be remembered for many years. These are sure to be pleasant memories if you choose wisely. construction company, whose specialists will help with the right choice of site and project, plus they will draw up a well-thought-out construction plan.
