Economy of the Sakhalin Region Natural resources - page #1/1
Economy of the Sakhalin Region
Natural resources
Sakhalin has a very high potential natural resources. In addition to biological resources, in terms of the reserves of which Sakhalin is one of the first places in Russia, the island and its shelf have very large reserves of hydrocarbons and coal. In terms of explored reserves of gas condensate, the Sakhalin Region ranks 4th in Russia, gas - 7th, coal - 12th and oil - 13th, while within the region, the reserves of these minerals are almost entirely concentrated in Sakhalin and his shelf. Other natural resources of the island include timber, gold, mercury, platinum, germanium, chromium, talc, zeolites.(1)
The Sakhalin Region has significant and diverse types - more than 50 - of minerals, of which combustibles (coal, oil, gas), raw materials for the chemical, cement industries, etc. (5)
The leading place in the economy belongs to industry. The region accounts for approximately 12% of the gross industrial output of the Far East. For 1966-1974 gross industrial output increased 1.7 times.(1)
Industry
Specialization Sakhalin region defines fishing industry(38% of the total industrial output of the region). According to the data of the territorial department of statistics, the catch of fish and seafood in 2010 amounted to 550.7 thousand tons. (5)
Forestry, woodworking and pulp and paper industry gives about 1/4 of the total volume of industrial production. Woodworking and pulp and paper mills are located in Poronaysk, Uglegorsk, Dolinsk, Kholmsk, Makarov.(1)
The total area of forest land in the Sakhalin Region in 2010 was 6950.6 thousand hectares, including 5682.5 thousand hectares covered with forests, which is 87% of the territory of the region. The total stock of stands is 621.7 million m3, of which more than 50% are mature and overmature stands.(5)
coal industry. The volume of coal production in 2010 amounted to 3,678 thousand tons, which is 193 thousand tons more than in 2009. The largest coal mining company in the Sakhalin Region is still LLC " Management Company Sakhalinugol, which accounts for more than 56% of the coal produced. The coal-mining enterprise of the Nevelsk district LLC Gornyak-1 is developing dynamically, which in 2010 increased the volume of coal production by 2.7 times. LLC "Uglegorskugol" works stably, in 2010 430 thousand tons of coal were mined.
AT 
Agriculture is the basic branch of the agro-industrial complex and plays an important role in the development of rural areas and the food supply of the population with fresh food. The share of agricultural products in the gross regional product is about 2.5%.
117.1 thousand people live in the countryside, or 22.3% of the region's population. The large agricultural enterprises of the Sakhalin Region employ 2.6 thousand people, or 2.2% of those living in the countryside.
Currently, there are 30 agricultural enterprises of various forms of ownership, 660 peasant (farmer) households, 140 thousand families engaged in personal subsidiary plots, gardening and horticulture in the Sakhalin Region. The largest enterprises in the agricultural sector are state unitary enterprises: State Unitary Enterprise State Farm Teplichny, Ostrovnaya Poultry Farm, Komsomolets, State Farm Yuzhno-Sakhalinsky, State Farm Korsakovsky, Federal State Unitary Enterprise Timiryazevskoye, CJSC State Farm Zarechnoye, agricultural production cooperative "Sokolovsky", LLC TF "Sakhalin bacon-2".(5)
Machine-building and metalworking industry performs mainly repair work(the leading place is occupied by ship repair). The largest enterprises are in Nevelsk, Kholmsk, Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk, Okha, Dolinsk.(1)
P 
industry building materials
in 1974 compared with 1960 increased output by 2.5 times. In 1974, 93,000 tons of cement, 219,000 m3 of prefabricated reinforced concrete structures and parts, 14,000,000 bricks, and others were produced. Light industry produces garments, shoes, leather goods.
External cargo transportation mainly carries out sea and partly river transport (the main seaports are Korsakov and Kholmsk). Communication with the Kuril Islands is maintained by ships and aircraft. Cargo transportation on about. Sakhalin performs railway. transport; the railway network is concentrated mainly in the south of the island.
Oil and gas complex
The oil and gas industry currently plays a leading role in the economy of the Sakhalin Oblast, and its development is one of the main factors determining the economic growth on the territory of the region. The oil and gas complex occupies a dominant position in the structure industrial production(2009 - 87.7%).
Currently on land about. More than 95% of the explored oil reserves are involved in the development of Sakhalin. On the shelf about Sakhalin has a powerful base of hydrocarbons. In the northeastern part, 10 oil and gas fields have been discovered, 7 of which are classified as large in terms of reserves and one is unique (Lunskoye). The Chayvinskoye (Sakhalin-1), Piltun-Astokhskoye and Lunskoye fields (Sakhalin-2) are under development. As part of the Sakhalin-1 project, the Odoptinskoye (2010) and Arkutun-Daginskoye fields are expected to be brought into development.(5)
Sakhalin offshore projects
This is a generalized name for a group of projects for the development of hydrocarbon deposits on the continental shelf of the Sea of Okhotsk and the Sea of Japan and the Tatar Strait adjacent to Sakhalin Island. In total, nine oil and gas bearing areas with total reserves of 1.19 trillion cubic meters have been discovered on the Sakhalin shelf. meters of gas, 394.4 million tons of oil and 88.5 million tons of gas condensate.(2)
And
Offshore Lun-A platform
History
Over 70 years of intensive production, onshore hydrocarbon deposits on Sakhalin turned out to be almost completely depleted, but in the 1970s-1980s, the Far Eastern Offshore Exploratory Drilling Expedition discovered more than three dozen oil and gas fields on the northeastern shelf of the island. To develop these deposits in the last decades of the 20th century, several projects were created under the general name "Sakhalin".
In the early 1990s, it was assumed that these projects would be developed by foreign investors and operators under production sharing agreements. Several such agreements have been concluded, but before practical implementation only the Sakhalin-1 projects (reserves - 264.2 million tons of oil and 481.5 billion cubic meters of gas) and Sakhalin-2 (reserves - 182.4 million tons of oil and 633.6 billion cubic meters of gas) m of gas).(2)
Currently, oil and gas production on the island is carried out by Exxon Neftegaz Limited (Sakhalin-1 project), Sakhalin Energy (Sakhalin-2), RN-Sakhalinmorneftegaz, Sakhalin oil company, "Petrosakh". The total production in 2009 reached 15.4 million tons of oil and gas condensate and 19 billion cubic meters of gas, respectively. The forecast production of oil with condensate and gas, taking into account the development of new offshore projects, may reach 18.8 million tons and 35.5 billion cubic meters in 2015, and 26.3 million tons and 61.3 billion cubic meters in 2020. (2)
An integrated oil and gas production platform installed on the shelf of the Sea of Okhotsk as part of the Sakhalin-2 project.
Installed in July 2007 in the Piltun area of the Piltun-Astokhskoye oil field, 12 km offshore at a depth of 32 m. Designed for year-round production, PA-B is a drilling, production and processing platform that will recover oil and associated gas from the Piltun reservoir .
Piltun-Astokhskaya-B platform 
Production complex "Prigorodnoye"
The basis of the oil and gas complex onshore of the island is LLC RN-Sakhalinmorneftegaz, which is part of the structure of OAO NK Rosneft. The produced gas is sent through a pipeline system to consumers on the domestic market of the Sakhalin Region and Khabarovsk Territory, the extracted oil is delivered to the Komsomolsk oil refinery through a pipeline system.
CJSC "Petrosakh" is developing the Okruzhnoye oil field, small in terms of reserves, located in the urban district "Smirnykhovsky". The main volume of oil produced is exported by tankers to the countries of the Asia-Pacific region. In addition, part of the oil (36 thousand tons) is processed at a modular refinery located within the field.
OGUP Sakhalin Oil Company produces gas from small gas fields in the south of Sakhalin Island. Sakhalin. All gas in the amount of 20-30 million cubic meters is supplied to energy and housing and communal facilities of the Aniva urban district, as well as to the peak boiler house in Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk. (5)
Sakhalin Energy is engaged in offshore oil and gas production as part of the Sakhalin-2 project.
Exxon Neftegaz Limited, operator of the Sakhalin-1 project, has been producing hydrocarbons since 2005. Oil is delivered by pipeline to the port of De-Kastri and further for export to the countries of the Asia-Pacific region, Gas is supplied to consumers in the Khabarovsk Territory.
In 2009, oil production in the region amounted to 15.4 million tons and increased by 19.7% compared to 2008 due to the transition in December 2008 of the Sakhalin-2 project to year-round production from all three platforms.
Gas production in the region amounted to 19 billion cubic meters. m, which is 2 times higher than in 2008. The supply of oil to consumers in 2009 amounted to 15.4 million tons, including 13.8 million tons for export to the Asia-Pacific countries.
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"STATE UNIVERSITY OF MANAGEMENT"
The situation in the labor market of the region is characterized by a stable state. This is facilitated by the implementation of investment programs by large companies, the implementation investment activity in the traditional sectors of the regional economy, the implementation of measures of federal and regional targeted programs, consistently implemented measures in the social and labor sphere, as well as the implementation of a system of measures to state support small and medium business.
The number of labor resources of the region in 2012 is estimated at the level of 351.7 thousand people or 100.1% of the 2011 level. The main part of the labor force is its population of working age - 306 thousand people (87% of the labor force), adolescents and persons older than working age, able to work - 21.5 thousand (6.1%), as well as foreign labor migrants - 24.2 thousand (6.9%).
The distribution of labor resources in 2012 by areas of employment is characterized by the following data: 288 thousand people (81.9% of the labor force) are employed in the economy; 17.2 thousand people (4.9%) - non-working students of working age; 46.5 thousand people (13.2%) - the number of people of working age unemployed and studying (unemployed, people engaged in household, caring for children, the sick, relatives, etc., Russian citizens working abroad, non-working prisoners; persons who do not need to work regardless of their source of income).
In the context of a steady decline in the working-age population, an increase in the proportion of the population of older age groups replenishment of the missing sources of formation of the number of labor resources, in accordance with the needs of the demographic and socio-economic development of the region, is facilitated by measures aimed at attracting specialists from other regions, including long-term migrants, foreign labor to carry out labor activities, as well as attracting permanent place residence in the Sakhalin region of compatriots.
The creation of mechanisms for staffing the sectors of the region's economy is provided for in the programs for the development of agriculture, education, healthcare, culture, tourism, physical culture and sports. The systems of program activities provide for the monitoring of the need for personnel, the introduction of the practice of targeted training of specialists in industry universities, the formation modern system advanced training, the formation of an order for the training of specialists, the creation of conditions for securing young specialists, the training of a reserve of managerial personnel, the retraining and advanced training of specialists and workers of mass professions.
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In the future, in connection with the development of the gas transportation system, bioresource and building complexes, the industry of production of building materials, the implementation of the priority investment project "Integrated woodworking production", the development of coal deposits, an increase in employment of the population up to 293 thousand people by 2015 is predicted. The number of labor resources of the region in 2015 is estimated at the level of 354.8 thousand people or 100.9% compared to the level of 2012.
The Sakhalin Region belongs to the category of Russian regions that combine an outstanding resource and raw material potential with extreme conditions for its development. Insufficient staffing and poor infrastructural development of the territory, typical for the regions of this group, on Sakhalin is aggravated by the island position of the region, the lack of stable year-round communication within the region itself. That is why Sakhalin is rating agency"Expert RA" is one of the problem regions with a difficult investment climate, the cardinal improvement of which requires significant funds and a long time.
The region initially has a high natural resource potential, according to which it ranks 39th in Russia. In addition to the biological resources of the sea, for which Sakhalin is in first place in Russia, the main resource is the hydrocarbon fuel most in demand by the economy. In terms of explored reserves of gas condensate, the Sakhalin Region ranks 4th in Russia, gas - 7th, coal - 12th and oil - 13th. In terms of timber reserves, the region ranks 26th in Russia. However, in the Sakhalin region, a significant range of ore mineral resources is almost completely absent, hydropower resources are insignificant, and non-metallic mineral reserves, which generally reduces the overall resource potential of the region. But, as the hydrocarbon reserves of the shelf of the Sea of Okhotsk are being developed (in terms of which the Sakhalin Region ranks 9th in Russia), the production and financial potential of the region has grown. If in 1995 Sakhalin Oblast was in 66th place in Russia in terms of production potential, then in 2004 it was already in 46th place. And in terms of financial potential, the region rose from 87th place in 1997 to a quite worthy 45th place in 2004. In terms of the total volume of industrial production, the region took the 4th place in the Far Eastern Federal District after Yakutia, the Khabarovsk and Primorsky Territories.
The main industrial municipalities are "Nogliksky City District", where almost all oil and gas production is carried out, "Korsakov City District", where the gas liquefaction plant is located, as well as the city of Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk - administrative and economic center Sakhalin region. The share of these three municipalities is more than 85% of the total industrial output of the region.
The catch of aquatic biological resources in the Sakhalin Region (according to statistics) for 2012 compared to the level of 2011 amounted to 732.9 thousand tons or 100.1%, including: live, fresh and chilled fish - 711 thousand tons ( 100.6%), non-frozen crustaceans; oysters; other aquatic invertebrates, live, fresh or chilled - 19 thousand tons (91.8%), other biological resources - 2.9 thousand tons (60.5%).
The volume of products exported from Pacific salmon from the territory of the Sakhalin region amounted to 39.8 thousand tons. Of these, 6.4 thousand tons were transported by rail, 12.5 thousand tons were transported by refrigerated vessels, 8.0 thousand tons were transported by containers (on ships Korsakov - Vladivostok), and by road (on ferries from Kholmsk) - 4.7 thousand tons, 8.2 thousand tons were exported.
In 2012, 271.8 thousand tons of fish and seafood were exported abroad in physical terms, or 98.1% compared to the same period in 2011 (277.0 thousand tons), in value terms - in the amount of 437.8 million US dollars or 109.6% against the corresponding period last year (399.4 million US dollars). The volume of frozen fish exports in physical terms decreased by 4.9% (mainly salmon species and pollock). At the same time, the average price per 1 kg of fish and seafood exported increased by 14.3% compared to the same period in 2011.
According to preliminary estimates, the useful supply of electricity to consumers in 2012 amounted to 102.7% compared to the previous year. The increase in productive supply, while maintaining electricity generation at the level of the previous year, indicates an increase in the efficiency of the enterprises of the sectoral electric power industry, including through energy saving measures.
The food and processing industry of the Sakhalin Region is a diversified complex of enterprises in the meat and dairy, bakery, confectionery and non-alcoholic industries, uniting 152 enterprises of various organizational and legal forms of ownership, employing more than 3.8 thousand people. This is 1.3% of the economically active population of the Sakhalin region. The food industry provides the needs of the population for food products necessary for life. The main production is concentrated in the southern and central regions Sakhalin.
For the implementation of the regional program in the field of energy saving and energy efficiency of the Sakhalin Region from federal budget in 2012, a subsidy was determined in the amount of 385.7 million rubles, during the reporting period, work was performed in the amount of about 100 million rubles. More than 700 million rubles have been spent at the expense of the regional budget. In the municipalities of the region, more than 45 million rubles are provided for the implementation of measures.
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On the territory of the Sakhalin Region, passenger transportation by public road transport is carried out in all municipalities, with the exception of municipality"North-Kuril urban district". City, suburban and intercity routes operate in the region, including 14 inter-municipal suburban and intercity routes. For the transportation of passengers, buses of domestic and foreign production of small, medium and large capacity (Gazelle, PAZ, LIAZ, etc.) are used.
Currently, flights are operated from Sakhalin Island to more than 20 destinations (including transit traffic). On direct routes you can get to such large Russian cities as Moscow, Khabarovsk, Vladivostok, Irkutsk, Novosibirsk and others. Regular direct international flights from Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk are operated to the cities of Sapporo and Tokyo (Japan), Seoul (Republic of Korea), Harbin (China). Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk Airport served 834,960 passengers in 2012, as a result, compared to the previous year, the total passenger traffic increased by 8%, and the total tonnage of aircraft sorties - by 4%.
The Sakhalin Region belongs to a small number of constituent entities of the Russian Federation with a complex transport scheme linking the region with the mainland. This is the only administrative territory in Russia, located on 59 islands. Possessing a favorable geographical location, exceptional natural resources, such as oil, gas, coal, the region at the same time belongs to the regions with unstable transport links.
The main cargoes transported are production and technical products (petroleum products, machinery, equipment, cement, rolled ferrous metals), as well as basic food products (the production of which on the islands is insufficient for the life support of the region) comes from other regions by sea to the ports of the region, mainly to Kholmsk and Korsakov, from where they are delivered to consumers by railway and motor transport. Therefore, the economy of the region is inextricably linked with the functioning of the transport complex, which provides industrial, intra-regional and inter-regional communications, the sphere of circulation of goods, services to meet the needs of the population in movement.
Seaports are the basis of the entire transport structure of the island. Sakhalin. Since o. Sakhalin is located in several climatic zones, the navigation conditions of the ports are different. For example, ports located in the southern and southeastern parts of the island: Nevelsk, Kholmsk, Korsakov, have year-round navigation. The seaports of the central and northern parts of the island: Uglegorsk, Shakhtersk, Krasnogorsk, Boshnyakovo, Aleksandrovsk-Sakhalinsky and Poronaysk are open for navigation from mid-April to mid-October, that is, only half a year, and in the port of Moskalvo navigation opens a month later.
The presence of isolated power systems and energy regions, the cost and inefficiency of the structure of energy sources. The undeveloped energy and transport infrastructure, directly or indirectly, continues to be the main constraint on the implementation of any type of activity in the Sakhalin Region, the reason for the low competitiveness of manufactured products, goods and services.
The main problems hindering the realization of the economic potential of the Sakhalin Region are its economic and infrastructural isolation from the rest of Russia and the most developed Russian markets, uncomfortable living conditions, unfavorable engineering and construction conditions in most of the territory, high capital intensity of the leading sectors of the economy.
Internal factors hindering the development also include a high component of transport costs for the transportation of goods and passengers, extreme natural and climatic conditions, the presence of isolated energy systems and energy regions, the cost and inefficiency of the structure of energy sources. The undeveloped energy and transport infrastructure, directly or indirectly, continues to be the main constraint on the implementation of any type of activity in the region, the reason for the low competitiveness of manufactured products, goods and services.
Investment programs in the electric power industry of the Sakhalin Region aimed at improving the reliability of power supply, eliminating bottlenecks in technological chains, developing the power grid, creating new generating capacities, updating the potential of decentralized energy and reducing the cost of generating electricity and heat, reducing electricity losses. and heat energy;
Construction of the railway line Ilyinsk - Uglegorsk to organize transport links between the coal-bearing region and the southern ports of Sakhalin. Completion of the reconstruction of the Sakhalin railway with its transfer to the network-wide gauge of 1520 mm; construction of the railway line Selikhino (Khabarovsk Territory) - Nysh (Sakhalin Region) with a tunnel (bridge) crossing over the Nevelskoy Strait;
Reconstruction of the seaport of Ilyinsky, whose production facilities will ensure the organization of a gas chemical complex and maintenance of tankers, gas carriers and dry cargo ships with a deadweight of over 100 thousand tons, as well as the Nevelsk port to organize a wholesale fish exchange on its basis. The development of the oil and gas production zone will require the construction of a new seaport in the area of the settlement of Nabil, which ensures the safe operation of terminals for the transshipment of dangerous goods and the operation of offshore drilling platforms;
Reconstruction of highways Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk - Okha, Ogonki - Nevelsk with asphalt concrete pavement and reconstruction of highways Nevelsk - Tomari - Shakhtersk Airport, Yuzhno-Kurilsk - Golovnino, Kurilsk - Reidovo, Malokurilskoye - Krabozavodskoye, Arsentievka - Ilyinskoye with restructuring of wooden and emergency bridges for capital buildings.
The efficiency of the complex is enhanced by the creation of a port-type special economic zone on the basis of the Nevelsk Sea Fishing Port with year-round navigation and developed rail and road approaches. The basis of the port's specialization is the bio-resource complex, which includes storage, transportation, processing of products and service maintenance of ships.
1. Ignatov V.G., Butov V.I. "Regional Studies". - Rostov n / D: Publishing Center "MarT", 1998.
2. Lapteva L.E. "Regional and local self-government in Russia". - M.: 1998.
3. Mikheeva N.N., Regional economics and management. Tutorial for universities. - Khabarovsk: Publishing house RIOTIP, 2000.
Internet resources:
4. Official website of the Government of the Russian Federation
5. Official website of the Government of the Sakhalin Region
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The region maintains communication with the mainland thanks to air transport, sea transport, including ferry crossing, thanks to which trains from the mainland, which, after replacing the wheelsets (this is necessary, since the railway track on the mainland is wider than on Sakhalin), can deliver various cargoes across Sakhalin. There are also passenger trains that connect the south and north of Sakhalin. At the moment, work is underway to expand the railway track, which will greatly simplify the delivery of cargo in the future. 50 km of the three-line track on the section Pobedino - Palevo, Korsakov - Khristoforovka were converted to a broad gauge and 60 km were replaced. seamless path. Within the framework of the project, work continues at 10 railway facilities (reconstruction of bridges, bypassing landslide sections). The reconstruction of the last tunnel on the Sakhalin Railway under the network-wide standard of 1520 mm gauge has been completed. As part of the rolling stock renewal program, 4 new passenger cars were put into operation. Completely renovated and reconstructed 
10 passenger boarding platforms at railway stations.
On company planes "Sakhalin Airways" you can get both to the mainland and to the Kuriles. There are other airlines that operate flights throughout Russia and abroad. In comparison with the corresponding period of 2006, the volume of passenger service at the region's airports increased by 7.3%. 3 airports and a heliport are under construction and reconstruction. Reconstruction and modernization of airports is carried out according to federal targeted programs. 
The construction of the heliport is carried out at the expense of the regional budget.
On the sea vessels, you can not only visit the ports of Russia, but also make a tourist trip abroad (for example, to Japan). In the structure of cargo turnover of all types of transport, 61.6% is accounted for by sea. The renewal of the fleet, ports and port facilities is underway. Within the framework of the FTP “Modernization of the Transport System of Russia”, the implementation of the project “Reconstruction of the commercial sea port of Shakhtersk”, as well as sea port points on the Kuril Islands, continues.
Car roads connect almost all settlements of the region, so this type of transport is the most popular. However, mainly the central roads of the south of Sakhalin are covered with asphalt. Northern roads are mostly unpaved. In 2007, 5.7 million tons of cargo was transported by road, which is 4.1% more than in the previous year, while freight turnover decreased by 5.5%, passenger traffic decreased by 8.6%.
At present, the population is provided with all types of fixed and mobile telecommunications, postal services, television and radio broadcasting. All telecom operators registered in the region work stably, providing both traditional and alternative communication services. A regional satellite television network has been created, which is a complex of transceiver satellite and terrestrial equipment that provides broadcasting of programs in 45 large settlements of the Sakhalin Region.
The region's power industry is based on the four largest power plants: coal-fired Yuzhno-Sakhalinskaya CHPP and Sakhalinskaya GRES, gas-fired Okhinskaya CHPP and Noglikskaya HPP, as well as separate diesel plants that provide electricity to remote settlements of Sakhalin and the Kuril Islands. In total production electrical energy the share of the first two power plants is more than 77%, the other two average 8%. The future of the energy system is now closely associated with the gasification of the southern regions of the island.
It is difficult to imagine such an abundance and such an amazing combination of natural resources as found on the islands of the Sakhalin Region. Here, in close proximity to each other, there are deposits of oil, gas and coal, peat bogs and limestone, gold and titanium-magnesium sands, iron, chromium, manganese and copper ores, silver, cinnabar and graphite, volcanic sulfur and pumice, marble, rare metals and many other minerals (cobalt, vanadium, tungsten, etc.). One of the most important mineral resources is coal. The total geological reserves of which are defined as 12.4 billion tons, 52% of which are brown coal. Coal is mined both by mine and open pit mining. It also has excellent characteristics: low ash content, easy dressing, high calorific value (8-9 kcal)
The Sakhalin Region is one of the oldest oil-producing regions in Russia. Industrial oil production has been carried out here since 1928. A rich resource base has been created, which makes it possible, under favorable conditions, to significantly increase the existing level of oil and gas production. Small oil and gas, gas and gas condensate deposits have been explored in the Anivsky district in the south of Sakhalin.
An oil field was discovered in the Border Graben (Eastern Sakhalin). A total of 66 fields have been discovered on the island: 12 oil fields, 15 gas fields, 22 oil and gas fields, 4 oil and gas fields, 7 gas condensate fields and 6 oil and gas condensate fields. Of these: 31 are being developed, 1 is prepared for development, 9 are being explored, and 25 deposits are mothballed (unclaimed fund). 8 fields have been discovered on the shelf: 2 gas, 1 oil and gas, 5 oil and gas condensate. Of the 8 discovered fields, 7 fields are located on the shelf of North-East Sakhalin and one small gas field in the Tatar Strait off the southwestern coast of the island. All fields of the northeastern shelf (with the exception of the Veninskoye gas field, which is small in terms of reserves) are classified as large. Among them are the largest in the region in terms of gas and condensate reserves - Lunskoye (about 590 billion m3 and 50 million tons) and in terms of oil reserves - Arkutun-Daginskoye (over 500 million tons). The total geological resources of the Sakhalin region are estimated at 7.8 billion tons of fuel equivalent. (in terms of oil), including 3.8 billion tons of oil and 3.3 trillion. m3 of gas. In the shelf zone of the region there are 2.9 billion tons of oil and 3 trillion. m3 of gas; only 23% (0.9 billion tons) of oil resources and 11% (0.36 trillion m3) of gas resources are concentrated on the land of the island. The island's resources are dominated by oil, while the shares of oil and gas are approximately equal in the shelf resources.
Underground fresh, thermal and mineral waters are widely used. They are sources of centralized drinking and technical water supply, resort and clinical treatment, and can be used for heating settlements and cities. Mineral water is bottled in the village. Smirnykh - "Sakhalinskaya" Korsakov - "Korsakovskaya" and other cities of the region.
In the total volume of trade, exports account for 69.2%, imports - 30.8%. In the total volume of foreign trade turnover, non-CIS countries account for 99.9%, CIS countries - 0.1%. In the structure of foreign trade countries of the Sakhalin Oblast, the Asia-Pacific countries occupy a special place as the largest economic partner. The commodity structure of Sakhalin exports still has a strong focus on raw materials. The composition of the main export positions has not changed compared to the previous year and includes fuel and energy resources, food products and raw materials for their production: fish and seafood. In general, these two main groups account for 93.2% of Sakhalin exports in 2007.
The forests and meadows of the region are rich in plants from which medicines are made. Many residents harvest mushrooms, ferns, berries, wild garlic, etc. In the fur farms of the region, mink, obtained in the forests, is bred, the skins of which are then delivered to Russian and international auctions. There are also timber harvesting enterprises in the region, most of which is exported. The timber industry complex of the Sakhalin Region includes the logging and woodworking industries. Production activities 113 enterprises of various forms of ownership operate on the basis of the forest fund of the region. Also, an integral part of the timber industry complex is forestry, which takes care of forests, is engaged in their reproduction and protection. The total stock of plantings in the Sakhalin Region today is 623.4 million m3, of which 351 million m3 is an operational stock. More than half of the operational reserve falls on mature and overmature forests, where 93.4% are conifers. To date, the allowable cutting area has been determined in the amount of 3436 thousand m3, incl. coniferous composition - 3196 thousand m3. According to the results of work for 2004, the share of the timber industry complex in the total volume of industrial production amounted to 1.8%. An essential factor in the stabilization of production in the timber complex is the modernization and re-equipment of the sawmill and logging industry. The timber processing sector turned out to be the most attractive for business. The modernization of production over the past five years has touched on this particular area. Modern timber processing enterprises are located in the village of Buyukly (Smirnykhovsky district), Kholmsk, Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk. As of January 2008, the productivity of installed drying equipment at timber processing enterprises amounted to 20 thousand cubic meters. m. of finished products per year. In 2007, a line for the processing of small-sized wood was built in Kholmsk, which significantly increased the cost of produced wood, the production of technological chips was organized, which is exported to Japan, which made it possible to increase the volume of waste processing from low-grade wood. Three enterprises in the region produce round timber, which is in demand on the local market. In May 1999, the Korsakovskaya Tara enterprise mastered the production of four-layer paper bags for products and bulk materials.
Food production facilities, including beverages, are operating within normal limits. The production of whole milk products, sausages, butter, sugary confectionery, meat, pasta, soft drinks, and cheeses has been increased. 
Nevertheless, the growing competition from foreign and Russian producers has a negative impact, and there is an increase in prices for raw materials and other components. In the total volume of production of food industry products in the region in recent years, the fish industry (70%) has been accounted for.
Sakhalin region is one of the leading regions determining the strategy for the development of Russian fisheries. The catch in Russia in 2000 amounted to 4011 thousand tons, the Sakhalin region - 439.7 thousand tons of fish and seafood, of which 120.5 thousand tons were supplied to the external market (34.1% of the total supplies) worth RUB 5,495 mln. (70.3% of total cost) and to the domestic market - 232.4 thousand tons (65.9%) worth 2,324 million rubles. (29.7%). The total supply of products amounted to 352.9 thousand tons worth 7819 million rubles.
Today, more than 600 fishing and fish processing enterprises are registered in the Sakhalin Region. The region is the only region in Russia where the output of commercial food products is increasing, despite the overall decline in catch volumes. The main objects of fishing are salmon, pollock provide about 50% of tax revenues. There are 654 registered vessels in the Sakhalin Region that can participate in the capture of aquatic biological resources. 
The fishing industry is closely linked 
with other industries and is a major supplier of food for the population and feed products for enterprises and organizations of the agro-industrial complex. The main harm to bioresources is caused by poachers, therefore, to preserve the population of salmon fish, fish breeding plants operate on Sakhalin.
In addition to processing fish and seafood, some fish processing enterprises are engaged in the production of bank containers and technological equipment, as well as the production of instant noodles. In 2002, it was acquired by the fishing group "Binom", an agar plant. After a year of reconstruction and modernization, it began to produce agar-agar and extracts from kelp, dried and dried fish products (salmon straws).
Agriculture
Due to difficult weather conditions, agriculture of the region was developed mainly in the southern regions. 
Here they successfully grow: potatoes, fodder crops, cabbage, beets, carrots, garlic, onions, tomatoes, cucumbers. The gross harvest of potatoes in 2007 amounted to 134.9 thousand tons, vegetables - 58.9 thousand tons, which amounted to the level of 2006, respectively, 112.1% and 99.5%. The shortfall in the vegetable harvest is explained by the decrease in the sown area and the low yield of crops in personal subsidiary plots. The positive trends that have emerged in animal husbandry are yielding tangible results. In the region as a whole, there is an increase in the number of livestock compared to 2006 (cattle - by 8.7%; pigs - by 27.3%; poultry - by 19.4%). Developed beekeeping. In accordance with the developed plan, the implementation of the priority national project "Development of the agro-industrial complex" continues in the region. There are 6 agricultural consumer cooperatives registered in the region, 4 of which were established in 2007.
It now includes the following subsections:
Sakhalin basket: Mushrooms, Berries, Useful herbs.
Animals: Insects, Mammals, Fish, Mollusks.
The fishing industry has always been the leading one in the economy of the region, sea workers were famous for their success. Today, the fishing industry complex consists of three main "pillars" - the Sakhalin Fisheries Association, the Sakhalinrybakkolkhozsoyuz association and the Sakhalinpromryba association. The complex also includes coastal fisheries associations and independent enterprises.
Forest industry
The total stock of timber in the region is 612 million cubic meters. m. Among them are ripe and overmature - 320.5 million cubic meters. m. The stock of damp-growing forest, which is possible for exploitation, is 60.7 percent, of which 33 percent fall on mature and overmature forests.
Estimated cutting area for all groups of forests - 3 million 651.3 thousand cubic meters. m, including coniferous farming - 3 million 375.3 thousand cubic meters. m. The main reserves of mature and overmature forests are located in the Nogliksky, Okhinsky, Tymovsky, Smirnykhovsky, Aleksandrovsky and Poronaysky districts.
Now 90 enterprises are licensed in the field of logging. In production, the introduction of timber cut-to-length timber harvesting complexes by Timberjack, operating using gentle technology, has begun.
In the sawmill industry, the technical re-equipment of enterprises is carried out - the replacement of sawmill frames with stationary milling and band saw equipment. For small enterprises, it is promising to equip mobile mechanized sawmills.
In the pulp and paper industry, it is also planned to modernize existing production facilities with a focus on the production of new types of packaging cardboard containers, technical types of paper, sanitary and hygienic types of products and papers.
Agriculture
Everyone understands that a lot of money is spent on the delivery of various goods to the islands, including agricultural products. That's why the main task agriculture - to provide the population with food as fully as possible.
Today, agriculture accounts for 5 percent of the region's gross social product. In other words, local production on average provides one resident with 100 percent potatoes, 50 percent vegetables, 35 percent milk and dairy products, 9 percent meat, and 75 percent eggs.
By climatic conditions the most suitable for the development of agricultural production are the Tymovsky, southern and southwestern regions of the island. However, most of the land here is waterlogged.
The largest producers of rural products are Anivsky, Tymovsky, Uglegorsky districts and the city of Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk.
The leading place in crop production is occupied by potato growing. The sown area for this crop in farms of all forms of ownership is 11.4 thousand hectares, including 2.8 thousand hectares in agricultural enterprises, 0.5 thousand hectares in farms, and 8.1 thousand hectares in the population. ha. The average potato yield is 130-140 centners per hectare.
The sown areas in vegetable growing are: for agricultural enterprises - 0.9 thousand hectares, for farms - 0.3 thousand hectares, for the population - 1.7 thousand hectares.
The main crops are cabbage, carrots, beets. The yield of vegetables is 180-200 centners per hectare, and the population is fully provided with these products.
State enterprise state farm "Teplichny" is the only specialized enterprise for growing vegetables in greenhouses. From an area of 11.4 hectares, the state farm annually collects up to 2,000 tons of tomatoes, cucumbers, peppers and green crops. All products are supplied to the population of cities and regions, especially in winter
Fish complex
The fishing industry has always been the leading one in the economy of the region, sea workers were famous for their success. Today, the fishing industry complex consists of three main "pillars" - the Sakhalin Fisheries Association, the Sakhalinrybakkolkhozsoyuz association and the Sakhalinpromryba association. The complex also includes coastal fisheries associations and independent enterprises. In general, now there are about 600 enterprises and organizations of various forms of ownership engaged in fisheries, with more than 400 of them processing fish and other seafood. As a result, the fish industry of the region, as before, occupies one of the leading places in the food complex of the Russian Federation. Of the total volume of fish and seafood products produced in the country, about 15 percent are from Sakhalin. 20 percent are canned fish. That is, every fifth bank is Sakhalin. In the total volume of regional production, the fish industry produces 32 percent. In the structure of exports, fish and seafood account for more than 35 percent.
As of the beginning of 2001, the complex had 477 ships. Of these, 33 are large-tonnage, 181 are medium-tonnage, 263 are small-tonnage.
The range of products from fish and seafood is more than 200 items and is constantly updated.
The complex can be conditionally divided into productions by types of products. Thus, 28 plants and workshops, including two floating plants, produce more than 60 types of canned food and preserves. Production capacity amount to 1 million 800 thousand conditional cans (tubes) per day. About 300 ships and shore shops produce more than 50 types of frozen products. Their capacity is more than 6300 tubes. Almost all coastal enterprises have salting shops. More than 1000 tubes of products come out of them per day. 7 workshops are engaged in the production of gourmet products. They produce 10 tons of products per day. Culinary production, which has 5 workshops, produces more than 50 types of products. The total volume is 8 tons per day. Dried products of 15 types are also produced by five workshops. Production capacity - 5 tons per day.
The Sakhalin Fisheries Association is one of the largest structures formed in the course of market reforms in the fishing industry of the region. It was created in the spring of 1993 on the initiative of the leaders of a number of small and medium-sized businesses. Today, the Sakhalin Fisheries Association includes more than 100 enterprises of various forms of ownership. The flotilla has about 160 ships different type built both at domestic and foreign shipyards. In addition to various technological lines for processing fish and seafood, the vessels have modern equipment for longline, trap and trawl fishing. The enterprises included in the association also have a branched structure of onshore processing enterprises.
Enterprises are mainly engaged in the extraction of crabs, sea urchin, shrimps, sea kale, almost all types of fish from the Sea of Okhotsk.
The association "Sakhalinpromryba" includes 62 enterprises of various forms of ownership. They provide a full range of marine products production: extraction, processing, ship repair, supply of containers, safety of navigation, as well as training at the Sakhalin Maritime College (Nevelsk).
Enterprises produce about half of the region's fish products, using 136 vessels of the mining, processing and transport fleet. The association includes container and ship repair production, an extensive coastal fish processing base.
Ten canning factories annually produce more than 40 million cans of various canned food and preserves, and the capacity of thirty refrigerators takes care of the one-time storage of 43 thousand tons of products and raw materials.
Among the most large enterprises, having processing facilities onshore and at sea - Volna CJSC, Poseidon LLC, Konfidor CJSC, Tunaicha Company LLC, Safil CJSC, Pilenga OJSC, Korsakov Cannery LLP, LLC Fiord, Oplot of the World LLC, Svobodnoye CJSC, Sakhalin Island CJSC, Zoloto-Rybnoe CJSC, Omix CJSC.
Employees of these enterprises offer up to 80 types of products from salmon, herring, saury, pollock, flounder and other fish, as well as from crabs, scallop, trumpeter, cucumaria, seaweed to the consumer's table.
On Sakhalin and the Kuril Islands, the fishing collective farms have always played an important role in the marine industry. Nowadays, the association “Union of Fishing Collective Farms and Enterprises of the Sakhalin Region” has 21 members. Among them are ten fishing collective farms.
The Association has a whole flotilla in the fisheries: 1 mother ship, 14 filleting trawlers of the Sterkoder type, 164 medium-tonnage and small-tonnage vessels.
The total production volume is more than 240 thousand tons per year, and the average annual output of food products is about 50 thousand tons. During the salmon fishing season, fishermen harvest up to 60 percent of the total regional catch of pink salmon, chum salmon and sockeye salmon.
The main areas of activity of the Sakhalin Basin Administration for the protection, reproduction of fish stocks and regulation of fisheries - "Sakhalinrybvod" - are fish protection and reproduction of Pacific salmon. Protection of fish stocks in the reservoirs of the region is carried out by 18 regional inspections.
Over the past decades, a modern salmon farm has been created: 16 fish breeding enterprises, 14 of which are equipped with the most advanced equipment and use the latest world biotechnology. Each spring, nursery shops release more than 500 million viable juvenile Pacific salmon into the ocean for feeding. The construction of six more fish-breeding plants is underway.
coal industry
The coal industry is the oldest branch of the economy on the island. It has existed since the middle of the last century. More than 60 coal deposits and promising areas are known. Its resources are estimated from 52 deposits and coal-bearing areas. This is 20 billion tons. Of these, brown coals make up 8 billion tons, stone - 12 billion tons, including coking - 2 billion tons.
The share of coal in the region's fuel balance is currently very large. Coal is used in the energy sector, in housing and communal services and by the population.
In accordance with the program of restructuring the coal industry of the region, along with the closure of unpromising mines, the development of fuel extraction by the cheapest open method, the share of which is currently 78 percent, is underway.
The main reserve for increasing open-pit coal mining is the Solntsevo deposit in the Uglegorsk region. Now the Solntsevsky open-pit mine is operating here, its capacity is a little more than 200 thousand tons per year. But there is a real opportunity to increase fuel production to 1.5-2 million tons. The resource base of the deposit allows organizing coal mining up to 5 million tons per year.
An increase in open-pit coal mining is also promising at the Lopatinsky, Sosna, and Nikolsky open pits. The last two are also located in the Uglegorsk district. The coal mined here quality characteristics not inferior to "Solntsevo". The volumes of coal mining at the Poronaysk-ugol and Tymovskugol open pits have been sharply increased.
In the Nevelsk region, instead of retired mines, a new coal mining complex was created. It included four open-pit mines: Lopatinsky, Poyarkovsky, Gornyak, Nevelsky coal mine and a processing plant.
The ongoing restructuring of the coal mining complex is already having a positive effect on the region's economy. For three years in a row, coal production has grown by 11 percent, and this year it will be 15.7 percent.
Oil and gas industry
Geologists have long assumed that on Sakhalin, of all the oil and gas reserves, one third lies in the bowels of the island, and two thirds - under the seabed, in its coastal strip.
At the end of 1968, the Sakhalinneft Production Association (that was the name of Rosneft-Sakhalinmorneftegaz OJSC) on the northeastern coast of the island, between Urkt and Keutu bays, began drilling an unusual well - a directional one. This was the beginning of exploration work on the shelf of the Sea of Okhotsk - a new page in the history of the oil and gas industry in the region.
Keutinskaya well No. 1 was drilled to a depth of 2777 m and had a deviation from the vertical by 600 m. Then the geological section was studied, the composition of the rocks was clarified, and the optimal operating mode of the equipment was determined.
At the beginning of July 1971, at the Odoptu area, from the exploratory directional well No. 26, drilled with a deviation of 650 m under the seabed, the first oil gusher of industrial significance was obtained. On January 23, 1972, drilling of a 3406-meter well was completed with a deviation under the seabed of 2370 m. This deviation was the highest achievement in the drilling of directional wells in the country.
In 1975, Rosneft-Sakhalinmorneftegaz, together with the Japanese company SODECO, began exploration work directly on the shelf of the island. They were held within the framework of the General Agreement between the USSR and Japan on cooperation in the field of exploration, development of deposits, oil or gas production. From 1975 to 1983, within the framework of the Agreement, a significant amount of joint geological exploration work was carried out: seismic exploration over an area of more than 30,000 linear meters. km., drilling of 25 wells with a total depth of 58,836 m, discovery of the Odoptu (1977) and Chaivo (1979) oil and gas condensate fields.
In 1984-1990 OAO Rosneft-Sakhalinmorneftegaz independently carried out exploration work. During this time, the Lunskoye (1984), Piltun-Astokhskoye (1986) and Arkutun-Daginskoye (1989) oil and gas condensate fields were discovered.
The overall result of offshore exploration work is the discovery of eight fields, the creation of a powerful hydrocarbon resource base on the shelf of the island.
The proven reserves of oil and gas on the shelf exceed those on land by 25 and 57 times, respectively, and amount to more than 1 billion tons of oil and 3.6 trillion cubic meters. cubic meters of gas.
In 1991, a tender was announced for the right to develop a feasibility study for the development of the Piltun-Astokhskoye and Lunskoye fields (the Sakhalin-2 project). The winner was a consortium of McDermott, Marathon, Mitsui, Shell and Mitsubishi (McDermott subsequently withdrew from the consortium).
In September 1992, the administration of the region and Sakhalingeolkom, together with geological enterprises, based on the analysis of geological and geophysical materials of the territory of Sakhalin and the adjacent shelf, identified a number of promising areas for international competitions for the right to develop oil and gas resources on them.
1. Vostochno-Odoptinsky site - Sakhalin-3 project
(except for the water area of the Sakhalin-1 and Sakhalin-2 projects)
2. Section of the Sakhalin Bay - Sakhalin-4 project
3. Vostochno-Shmidtovsky site - Sakhalin-5 project
4. East-Border area - project "Sakhalin-6"
5. Section of Patience Bay and Aniva Bay - Sakhalin-7 Project
6. Izylmetevsky site - Sakhalin-8 project
7. Moneron site - Sakhalin-9 project.
In 1993, the Government of the Russian Federation and the administration of the region held an international competition I for the Vostochno-Odoptinskiy section (Sakhalin-3 project), divided into three blocks: Vostochno-Odoptinskiy, Ayashskiy and Kirinskiy. The winners of the tenders were recognized: for the Vostochno-Odoptinsky and Ayashsky blocks - the company "Exxon Neftegaz Limited", for the Kirinsky blocks - the companies "Mobil" and "Texaco".
In the same year, an Agreement was signed on the development of a Feasibility Study for the Feasibility of Joint Development of the Chaivo, Arkutun-Dagi, and Odoptu Fields (Sakhalin-1 Project).
The production sharing agreement for the Sakhalin-2 project was signed in 1994, and in 1996 the start date for implementation was announced. The project operator is the Sakhalin Energy Investment Company, approved by world-famous companies: the American Marathon (37.5 percent participation), the Japanese Mitsui (25 percent), Mitsubishi (12.5 percent) and the Anglo-Dutch “ Shell” (25 percent).
On July 5, 1999, a significant event took place not only for the Sakhalin-2 project, but for the entire history of shelf development - the first oil was produced on the Sakhalin shelf.
Currently, oil is shipped to consumers only during the navigation period directly at the Vityaz offshore production complex, established in 1998 at the Astokhsky site of the Piltun-Astokhskoye field. In the future, oil is planned to be transported via the main pipeline to the village of Prigorodnoye, Korsakovskiy district.
The Sakhalin-2 gas project includes a main gas pipeline from onshore facilities on the northeast coast of the island to Prigorodnoye, a gas liquefaction plant and an LNG export terminal. It is also planned to send gas to consumers year-round from here.
The Sakhalin-1 project is the second one in Russia. The agreement on it was signed in 1995 and entered into force in 1996. A positive feature of this project is that not only foreign, but also Russian investors are participating in it - OAO Rosneft-Sakhalinmorneftegaz (23 percent) and NK Rosneft (17 percent). The foreign participants in the consortium are the Japanese company SODECO (project founder) and the American company Exxon (project operator), each holding 30 percent shares.
The Sakhalin-1 gas project is based on the pipeline version of gas supply to consumers. The consortium, together with the Russian side, is studying two routes for the construction of a gas pipeline: to the northeastern regions of China through the territory of the Khabarovsk Territory and to Japan through the La Perouse Strait.
In accordance with new Russian laws adopted in 1998, Russian investors must participate in consortiums developing deposits under production sharing agreements (PSAs). In this regard, the participation of Russian companies NK Rosneft, OJSC Rosneft-Sakhalinmorneftegaz and OGUP (regional state unitary enterprise) Sakhalin Oil Company is planned to participate in all three blocks of the Sakhalin-3 project. Negotiations are underway on the terms of production sharing for blocks of the Sakhalin-3 project. In the coming years, they should start working.
Based on the unified concept of the development of the Sakhalin shelf, the Government of the Russian Federation and the administration of the region are preparing to hold international competitions for the following projects - Sakhalin-5 and Sakhalin-6. Interest in participating in tenders is shown by both Russian oil companies Rosneft,. OAO Rosneft-Sakhalinmorneftegaz and Sakhalin Oil Company, as well as well-known foreign companies British Petroleum, Amoko, Arko, which have created powerful alliances for this.
The regional administration, with the direct support of the Ministry of Fuel and Energy of the Russian Federation, has developed the concept of a unified oil and gas transportation and processing system for all Sakhalin projects. In accordance with it, as already noted, the basic option is to transport oil to the south of the island in the settlement of Prigorodnoye. And here on July 17, 2001, here with the participation of the Dutch Ambassador to Russia T. Hofstee, the Japanese Ambassador to Russia M. Tamba, the British Ambassador to Russia R. Line, the Governor of the region I. P. Farkhutdinov, the President of the Shell company D. Watts, President and Chief Executive Officer of Mitsubishi M. Sasaki, Chief Executive Officer of Mitsui S. Shimizu and many other officials held a presentation of the construction of an industrial facility - the world's largest and the first in our country liquefied natural gas (LNG) plant and an oil export terminal. Construction will begin next year. Sakhalin residents will have 16,000 jobs from this, an investment of about 9 billion US dollars, which will significantly improve the infrastructure of the island.
The global project is supported by both the Government and the President. A significant and pleasant event was Vladimir Putin's visit to Sakhalin last year. Then, first of all, he got interested in the exhibition of achievements of Sakhalin oilmen, tested the television connection from the regional center with the Molikpak platform, listened to the speeches of the participants of the PSA-2000 conference, and then spoke himself, supporting the experience of the regional administration in raising the economy on the basis of sharing agreements. products.
Energy
The fuel and energy complex is a key factor in ensuring the life of the islands and their socio-economic well-being. It has a significant impact on the formation of the region's budget, provides more than 30 percent of its exports, and has a powerful resource base for its further development.
Potential joint-stock company Sakhalinenergo is Yuzhno-Sakhalinskaya CHPP-1, Sakhalinskaya GRES, Okhinskaya CHPP and Yuzhno-Sakhalinskaya Peak Water Boiler.
A feature of the region's energy system is its isolation from the unified energy system of Russia and neighboring Far Eastern regions. In such conditions, increased reliability of its operation is required.
In November 1999, the first stage of the Nogliki gas turbine power plant with a capacity of 48 MW and an annual output of more than 200 million kW was put into operation. h. This is the first step forward in a new direction in the development of the industry, which allows to reduce the cost of electricity. Commissioning at full capacity of the entire complex is planned to be carried out in two years, and then specific gravity gas in the fuel balance of the region will increase to 40-45 percent.
Thus, the prospect of energy development for the next five years is its transfer to the use of gas instead of coal. A gas pipeline is already being laid to Yuzhno-Sakhalinskaya CHPP-1 from the Aniva fields in order to partially convert it to gas. Then the Sakhalinskaya GRES will also be switched to gas.
The prospect of energy development in the Kuril Islands is focused on the use of local non-traditional energy sources. This is mainly geothermal energy and hydropower. The first geothermal power plant with a capacity of 500 kW was put into operation in 1993 in Kunashir. In the same field, in 1997, a thermal station was put into operation, which supplies heat to the village of Goryachiy Plyazh. A small hydropower plant was put into operation on Paramushir. Now among the main objects of energy construction on the distant islands are the Okeanskaya power plant on Iturup and Mendeleevskaya on Kunashir, the first stage of which is already operating in a test mode.
In addition, the Kuriles have sufficient wind potential.
food industry
The formation of the food and processing industry of the region began in the late 50s. Today, as a result of restructuring in the industry, there are more than 30 enterprises and organizations that produce food products.
The Yuzhno-Sakhalinsky Dairy Plant OJSC produces 35 types of products. The production of new fermented milk drinks “Bifidok” and yoghurts with fruit additives has also been mastered. They come to the consumer in improved packaging. A new Italian line for the production of ice cream in colorful packaging has been installed.
The distillery has two new lines. The quality of products and bottle design have also been improved here, as well as the range of products has been increased to 15 types. Work continues on the introduction of new technologies, improving the quality of products, improving their packaging and packaging at many enterprises in the industry.
Today, trade and services are the most dynamic sectors of the region's economy. Recently, the number of stores, compared with 1991, has increased 1.4 times. Now there are more than 1800 of them. Enterprises Catering- 412, kiosks and pavilions - about a thousand. The non-state sector occupies 95 percent.
Reconstructed open markets, trading places and separate objects are being rebuilt on them with the provision of services in favorable conditions.
The market is developing paid services. The volume of paid services rendered to the population is 1 billion 442.3 million rubles. They are very diverse today.
Consumer services were also among the first to be reformed during the transition to the market. Currently, there are 266 public service enterprises and 326 points opened by entrepreneurs.
International contacts
From year to year, Sakhalin is increasingly attracting the attention of representatives of business and political circles. foreign countries. They see it as a region with huge economic potential.
Diplomats from the United States, Japan, the Republic of Korea, Canada, the Netherlands, Great Britain, New Zealand, Australia, Germany, employees of various foreign ministries and departments, trade missions - this is not a complete list of distinguished guests on the island land.
Sakhalin has become one of the centers of international and business activity. World-class events are held in Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk: symposiums, conferences, meetings of representatives of sister cities.
Our region makes a significant contribution to the development of foreign trade relations of the Far East. According to the results of 2000, the share of the region in the foreign trade turnover of the Far East amounted to 21 percent.
Foreign economic relations of the region are carried out with foreign firms and companies from more than 70 countries of the world. Singapore, Japan, China, the USA and the Republic of Korea occupy the leading position in the foreign trade turnover. In total, the countries of the Asia-Pacific region account for about 90 percent of the volume of foreign trade.
The geography of exports continues to expand - more than 50 countries of the far and near abroad buy Sakhalin products.
The range of goods imported from abroad is quite diverse. First of all, these are machines, equipment and vehicles- 49 percent, fuel and energy resources - 20 percent, metals and products from them - 8 percent, services - 10 percent, as well as chemical products, food products and industrial consumer goods.
Cooperation with our closest neighbor, Japan, is traditional. It ranks second after Singapore in terms of foreign trade turnover among the Asia-Pacific countries and first in terms of the number of joint ventures registered in the region. There are 115 of them, 47 of them with the participation of the capital of Hokkaido. Such enterprises as Mitinoku Lis - trading and intermediary activities, Sako-service - transport services, Sakhalin Marine - ship repair services, Sakhalin-Cowboy - trading and intermediary activities, repair and maintenance cars.
Our Japanese partners are showing interest in the oil and gas fields of the Sakhalin shelf. The Sakhalin-1 and Sakhalin-2 projects involve the largest Japanese corporations Mitsui, Mitsubishi-si, and the SODECO consortium.
There are 24 representative offices of Japanese firms and companies in the region.
The United States continues to play a significant role in the foreign economic activity of the Sakhalin Region. The main exports to this country are fish and seafood, crude oil, as well as services - commercial, transport, communications, hotels, equipment installation.
The largest exporting enterprises in the USA: Kuril Universal Complex CJSC, Batial LLC, Binom LLP, Sakhalin Energy Investment Co., LTD, Sakhalin Telecom Limited.
Over 30 percent of goods imported into the region come from the United States. Among them are foodstuffs, machinery, electrical equipment, base metals and products from them, apparatus and tools.
With the beginning of the implementation of offshore projects, American firms and companies are increasingly going to establish business ties with Sakhalin entrepreneurs. Today, 81 enterprises with the participation of American capital are registered. In terms of the number of established enterprises, this is the second place after Japan. The region's cooperation with the state of Alaska has acquired a long-term, stable character.
One of the important areas of international cooperation is interaction in matters of environmental safety. The basis for this already exists: in 2000, the Tripartite Agreement was signed between the Sakhalin Region (RF), the State of Alaska (USA) and the Prefecture of Hokkaido (Japan) on cooperation in the field of environmental safety and environmental protection.
Cooperation with the Republic of Korea remains a promising area of foreign economic activity of the Sakhalin Region. The main factors stimulating the development of our trade and economic ties are both territorial proximity and the large Korean diaspora living on the islands. In 2000, the share of the Republic of Korea in the region's foreign trade turnover was 6%.
The structure of Sakhalin exports to the Republic of Korea is represented by the following commodity groups: fuel and energy resources (oil, coal), fish and seafood, commercial timber and sawn timber.
The Republic of Korea provides about 10 percent of the region's total imports. This is due to the relative cheapness and good quality of Korean goods. The main import items are food products, household goods, clothing and footwear.
There are 60 joint Russian-Korean enterprises with an authorized capital of $15.7 million registered in the region.
Such is the current day of Sakhalin and the Kuril Islands - not easy and complex, but with a real prospect for renewal and improvement. It can be said without exaggeration that a lot has been done lately, and our region has everything to make the new, XXI century become for us a century of active creation, successful development of all sectors of the economy.
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