Car DVR DVR-227
Inexpensive, but well-proven video recorder "HD DVR - 227". At first glance, the name does not say anything, but only at first glance. If you delve a little into the bowels of the Internet, you can find many identical devices sold under the brands: Atomy, Datakam, Ritmix, Subini, xDevice, Alpha, Intego, Mystery, Stealth with a higher price (you have to pay for the brand!)
The technical characteristics of the device are as follows:
- Camera: ¼ CMOS WXGA, IR
- Recording resolution: 640 * 480, MJPEG format
- Recording speed: up to 30 fps
- Power source: removable battery (800Mah) or car charger 12V/24V
— Support for SD/MMC cards from 2 to 32 GB
- Built-in microphone of excellent quality!
- Built-in 2.5 display, with the ability to rotate around its axis by 270 °
- Outputs: AV OUT / USB 2.0
Software features:
- Uninterrupted transcoding
- Loop recording (blocks of 128 megabytes)
- Manual video blocking in case of accidents (very useful feature)
- Adjustable exposure
Equipment:
— DVR
— Power adapter from the cigarette lighter
- glass mount
— USB cable
- AV cable
- Accumulator battery
— Instruction
Materials, build quality:
The body of the DVR is made of black matte plastic. Fingerprints on it are not very noticeable. We were pleased with the build quality. Nothing wobbles or creaks. The folding display is clearly fixed in the positions given to it. Hardware buttons with a clear click. Menu in normal Russian. Instruction in Russian. The lock function allows you to save a portion of the video in an indelible folder. The thread for attaching the holder is made of metal, which is important. The holder itself is made of plastic. It is possible to adjust the position of the DVR in all planes.
Our conclusion: The video recorder showed itself well in the daytime, in the dark the quality of the video recording cannot but please! Much better than their counterparts in the price category. The high sensitivity of the microphone is useful when communicating with the police. Excellent video recorder for soy money!
Share price 1900 rubles
Video of the DVR
afternoon
At night
USSR STATE COMMITTEE FOR CONSTRUCTION
(Gosstroy USSR)
INSTRUCTIONS FOR TYPICAL
DESIGN
CH 227-82
Approved by resolution
State Committee USSR
for construction
dated May 18, 1982 No. 141.
MOSCOW 1983
| 1. General part working documentation working draft Technical solutions Working drawings Estimated documentation 4. Coordination, examination and approval of the model project documentation 5. Publication and distribution of standard design documentation, revision and cancellation of outdated standard design documentation Attachment 1 (standard design solution) enterprises, buildings, facilities for industrial purposes Appendix 2 General requirements to the content of the development task standard project(standard design solution) of a residential building, public building, structure Appendix 3 Appendix 4 Appendix 5 Appendix 6 Annex 7 Appendix 8 Annex 9 Annex 10 Annex 11 STATEMENT of the need for production resources to a standard project Application12 EXAMPLE COMPOSITION of the main data and technical and economic indicators included in the document on the approval of a standard project (standard design solution) of an enterprise, building, structure |
The standard design instruction establishes the procedure for the development, approval, examination, approval, publication, distribution and application of standard design documentation - standard projects, standard design solutions, standard drawings building structures, products and assemblies for use in the design and construction of new, expansion, reconstruction of the technical re-equipment of existing enterprises, buildings and structures of sectors of the national economy, industries and types of construction, as well as the procedure for its revision and cancellation.
1. General part
1.1. This Instruction establishes the procedure for developing approval, examination, approval, publication, distribution, application, revision and cancellation of standard design documentation (standard projects, standard design solutions, drawings of standard building structures, products and assemblies) for use in the design and construction of new, as well as expansion, reconstruction and technical re-equipment of existing enterprises, buildings and structures of industry, transport, communications, agriculture and water management, residential buildings and public buildings.*
Standard projects are developed in accordance with the Instructions on the composition, procedure for development, coordination and approval design and estimate documentation for the construction of enterprises, buildings and structures and the requirements of this Instruction.
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* Standard design documentation for use in the design and construction of new, as well as expansion, reconstruction and technical re-equipment of existing enterprises, buildings and structures of industry, transport, communications, agriculture and water management, residential buildings and public buildings is hereinafter referred to as: “Typical design documentation".
1.2. Standard designs should be developed for multiple use in the construction of repetitive production and auxiliary buildings and structures, enterprises in general with a stable production technology, as well as residential buildings, public buildings and structures and agricultural facilities.
For the construction of enterprises, buildings and structures with frequently changing production technology, but having a number of repetitive construction and technological solutions, standard design solutions for construction and technological sections, block sections, blocks of aggregated equipment, production lines, etc. should be developed.
Drawings of standard building structures, products and assemblies should be developed for multiple use in the design and construction of buildings and structures, as well as for mass production of structures and products.
If it is necessary to erect a number of identical industrial facilities for the construction of the first facility, an individual project is developed in accordance with the requirements established by this Instruction, which is then used for the construction of other similar facilities.
1.3. When developing standard project documentation, it is necessary to be guided by the main directions of development standard design for the planned and following the planned five years and ensure the fulfillment of the requirements normative documents for design and construction, approved or agreed by the Gosstroy of the USSR.
1.4. The basis for the development of standard design documentation are five-year and annual plans for standard design, approved in the prescribed manner.
1.5. Development of standard projects and standard design solutions is carried out:
in one stage - a working draft with estimates - for technically simple enterprises, buildings and structures;
in two stages - a project with cost estimates and working documentation with estimates - for technically complex enterprises, buildings and structures.
Development of drawings of typical building structures, products and assemblies is carried out:
in one stage - working drawings - when the nomenclature and scope are determined and variant study of these structures, products and assemblies is not required;
in two stages - technical solutions and working drawings - if necessary, determine the nomenclature and area of rational application, as well as variant study (for fundamentally new constructive solutions).
The stages of development of standard project documentation are indicated in annual plans typical design.
1.6. The development of standard design documentation should be carried out on the basis of variant study with the choice of optimal solutions.
In necessary cases, in accordance with the development task, standard design documentation is carried out in several versions, taking into account the zonal conditions of construction, various constructive solutions.
The development of standard designs for objects of great national economic importance, as well as standard design documentation for individual technological, structural, architectural and other solutions, can be carried out in several versions on a competitive basis. Permission for this is given by the Gosstroy of the USSR or in the manner prescribed by it.
1.7. Typical design documentation submitted for examination and approval must be completed without excessive detail, in a minimum volume and composition sufficient to justify the decisions made, determine the scope of work, estimated cost, the need for equipment, structures and materials, and be developed in accordance with the requirements of section 3 of this Instruction.
1.8. In cases where inventions are used in standard project documentation, the explanatory note to the relevant section of the project must indicate the numbers of copyright certificates or applications for the inventions used, for which a decision was made to issue copyright certificates.
1.9. Design work should be carried out, as a rule, using modern economic and mathematical methods, computer and organizational equipment, as well as other advanced methods and technical tools for the development, reproduction, storage and search of design materials that help reduce the duration of design and reduce the cost of performing work. , increasing the productivity of employees of design organizations and the quality of design estimates.
1.10. The customer of standard design documentation is the ministry (department) indicated in the annual plan for standard design.
1.11. When developing standard design documentation by several organizations, the customer establishes a lead design organization and co-executors - specialized organizations that carry out the relevant sections (parts of sections) of the design documentation.
The functions of the leading design organization for the development of standard designs (standard design solutions) for industrial facilities are assigned to the design organization that develops technological solutions, and for housing and utility facilities that performs the bulk design work for this object; for the development of drawings of standard building structures, products and assemblies for an organization that has the most experience in designing such structures.
Leading design organizations and their co-executors are indicated in the standard design plan.
1.12. The lead design organization coordinates the work of the executing organizations, submits standard design documentation for examination and approval, and submits it to the standard design documentation fund* for publication and distribution.
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* The standard design documentation fund is hereinafter referred to as the “fund”.
1.13. The leading design organization for each designed enterprise, building and structure appoints a chief engineer or chief architect of the project.
A specialized design organization that performs a separate section (part of a section) of the project appoints a chief engineer or chief architect of this section (part of a section) of the project.
The chief engineer (chief architect) of the project is responsible, performs duties and has the rights provided for by the Regulations on the chief engineer, chief architect of the project, approved by the USSR State Construction Committee.
1.14. The customer of standard design documentation, the director and chief engineer, chief engineer and chief architect of the project of the leading design organization and implementing organizations throughout the entire period of design and validity of this documentation are responsible for its quality, timely development and completeness of the documentation being performed, as well as for entering into standard design documentation for changes recommended in the expert opinions, and timely processing in the prescribed manner of outdated standard design documentation.
The customer of standard design documentation is responsible for the timely preparation, approval and transfer of the assignment to the design organization for the development of standard design documentation, the progressiveness and validity of the technical and economic indicators established in the assignment, as well as the timely approval of this documentation.
The design organization is responsible for the cost-effectiveness, reliability, safety, durability of the designed facilities, the completeness and effectiveness of the measures provided for in the projects for the protection of the environment and the health of workers, for compliance with the requirements of this Instruction and other regulatory design documents during the development and application of standard design documentation.
The research organization is responsible for the conformity of the initial data issued by it for design with the achievements of scientific and technological progress in the field of new technological processes, equipment and materials.
The lead design organization is responsible for the quality and uniformity of the presentation and execution of standard design documentation as a whole, in accordance with the requirements of this Instruction. The project implementing organization is responsible for the quality of the materials developed by it.
2. Assignment for the development of standard design documentation
2.1. The task for the development of standard design documentation is drawn up by the customer with the involvement of the leading design organization and, if necessary, other co-executors - research, design and design organizations.
2.2. The task for the development of standard design documentation should establish requirements for the introduction of new technology and best practices, a reduction in material consumption and labor intensity of construction, and an increase in labor productivity; on the economical use of raw materials, material and energy resources, recycling of production waste and secondary energy resources, and the main technical and economic indicators of the designed enterprise, building and structure should also be established.
General requirements for the content of the assignment for the development of standard design documentation are given in Appendixes 1, 2 and 3 to this Instruction.
2.3. The task for the development of standard projects (standard design solutions) should provide information on the conditions of construction (climatic effects, soil conditions, etc.)
In cases where it is not possible to indicate in the assignment for the development of standard design documentation the conditions that correspond to a specific area (zone) of construction, the following are accepted:
the estimated winter temperature of the outside air is minus 30ºС, the speed of the wind - for the I geographical region, the weight of the snow cover - for the III geographical region; the relief of the territory is calm, there are no groundwaters, the soils are not heaving, non-subsidence with the following standard characteristics: standard angle of internal friction = 0.49 rad or 28º; normative specific cohesion FROM n = 2 kPA (0.02 kgf / cm 2); soft soil deformation modulus E\u003d 14.7 mPa (150 kgf / cm 2); soil density = 1.8 t/m3; ground safety factor To G = 1 .
2.4. The task for the development of standard design documentation, if necessary, establishes the requirements for the development of options specified in paragraph 1.6 of these Instructions.
2.5. The task for the development of standard design documentation is approved by the authority established for the approval of this documentation in clause 4.3 of this Instruction.
3. Composition and procedure for the development of standard design documentation
3.1. The requirements for standard design documentation established by this section provide for the maximum amount and composition of the data provided, which can be clarified and reduced by ministries and departments depending on the characteristics of the objects being designed, so that the amount of documentation submitted for examination and approval meets the requirements of paragraph 1.7 of these Instructions .
The composition of the documentation submitted for examination and approval should not include calculations of building structures, equipment, volumes of construction and installation works, the need for material and other resources. These calculations are not transferred to the customer, but are stored in the design organization that performed them in accordance with GOST 21.203-78.
3.2. The materials of the project, working draft, technical solution should characterize and justify the design decisions made taking into account the results of variant studies, and the indicators and final data given by calculation and justification should be drawn up, as a rule, in the form of tables.
3.3. A typical design and standard design solutions should consist of the following sections that characterize and justify the main design solutions: *
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* The composition of standard design solutions is specified by the task for their development
a) general explanatory note, containing the initial data for the design; data on the scope of standard projects (standard design solutions); brief description object; data on the design capacity of the facility, range, quality and technical level of products; information about the need for fuel, water, heat and electrical energy, labor resources; assessment of the progressiveness and cost-effectiveness of the main design solutions; data on the composition of the enterprise, facilities, information on the volume of basic work; the results of the economic calculations performed and the assessment of the established projects of technical and economic indicators, as well as the results of comparing these indicators with those of the best domestic and foreign objects; data on the economics of production and the use of scientific and technological achievements in the project; information on the approvals of the decisions taken and compliance with the requirements of norms, rules, instructions and state standards, including explosion and fire safety standards; information about the main decisions of the circuit master plan, on-site transport, engineering networks and communications; civil defense activities; recommendations for the rational organization of construction, the planned duration of the standard design documentation.
The explanatory note should also contain information about the main decisions aimed at the integrated and rational use of minerals, production waste, secondary energy resources, as well as the rational and economical use of labor, material and energy resources; indicators of specific costs for the production of a unit of output, per unit of generated capacity and 1 million rubles. construction and installation works and the results of their comparison with the indicators of the best domestic and foreign facilities, as well as with the indicators established in the assignment for the development of standard design documentation.
As part of explanatory note provides general information about the envisaged measures for the protection of the environment, information on the amount and composition of wastewater and emissions into the atmosphere, as well as waste not recycled in production, calculated data characterizing the effectiveness of planned measures and designed facilities.
The main drawing attached to the explanatory note is a master plan diagram with the optimal location of buildings and structures, as well as on-site roads, communication routes, landscaping and landscaping facilities;
b) technological solutions containing:
a production calculation program for the production of products (provision of services), a brief description and justification of decisions on production technology, labor intensity and machine-tool intensity of manufacturing products, mechanization and automation of technological processes and production management, the results of their comparison with advanced technical solutions of domestic and foreign practice; proposals for the organization of product quality control; the composition and assessment of the progressiveness of the selected equipment, indicators of its load; characteristics of shop and intershop communications; justification of the number of production personnel (the indicated information is given for the enterprise as a whole and for each production or workshop); fundamental decisions on the scientific organization of labor *; solutions for heat supply, power supply and electrical equipment, for the operation of electrical installations; for the automation of technological processes **, and in cases where the task for the development of standard design documentation provides for the use of new technological processes, units and industries equipped with automated control systems based on modern computer technology (ATK), the main technical solutions for automated process control systems ** *, fundamental decisions on automated systems management of enterprises (ASUP) ****; measures for the protection of the environment; fuel and energy and material balances of technological processes, taking into account all solid, liquid and gaseous production wastes and decisions on the maximum use of each of these wastes;
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* Developed in accordance with the Intersectoral requirements of the NOT in the design, approved by the USSR State Committee for Labor, the State Committee for Science and Technology, the USSR State Construction Committee and the All-Union Central Council of Trade Unions on December 29, 1977.
** Developed in accordance with the guidelines for the design of process automation systems approved by the Ministry of Instrumentation on May 22, 1975.
*** Developed in accordance with the Industry-wide guidelines for the creation of automated process control systems in industries (ORMM APCS), approved on January 19, 1981
**** Developed in accordance with the Industry-wide guidelines for the creation of automated control systems, approved by the State Committee for Science and Technology on July 18, 1977.
main drawings - schematic diagrams of technological processes and mechanization of production; technological layouts by buildings (workshops) indicating the placement of large equipment and vehicles; cargo traffic schemes; functional structure diagram; organizational chart; block diagram of a complex of technical means; schemes of automation of technological processes; schematic diagrams of power supply and heat supply (on-site); communication and signaling organization schemes (on-site);
in) building solutions containing:
a brief description and justification of the main architectural and construction decisions for buildings and structures with an assessment of the progressiveness of these decisions; substantiation of fundamental decisions on the illumination of workplaces, reduction of industrial noise and vibrations, household, sanitary services for workers, measures for electrical, explosion and fire safety, protection of building structures from corrosion; basic solutions for water supply, sewerage, heating, ventilation and air conditioning; decisions on civil defense facilities (issued in the prescribed manner); basic provisions for the organization of construction;
main drawings - plans and sections of buildings and structures with a schematic representation of the main load-bearing and enclosing structures, building facades; draft solutions for anti-corrosion protection of building structures.
Note. For industrial buildings with complex heating, ventilation and air conditioning systems, it is allowed to develop plans and sections of these buildings depicting these systems, as well as plans and sections of the main water supply and sewerage structures and draft solutions for corrosion protection of networks and structures.
In cases where it is provided for in the assignment for the development of standard design documentation, architectural and spatial solutions (model) or other demonstration materials are submitted;
G) estimate documentation- is developed in the composition and volume established by clause 3.8 of these Instructions;
e) project passport- a catalog sheet developed at the design stage (except for housing and civil facilities), compiled according to prescribed form.
The project (in its relevant sections) should contain:
initial requirements for the development of custom-made equipment, including non-standard and non-standardized equipment, developed in accordance with GOST 15.001-73.
An approximate composition of a typical project (standard design solution) of a residential building, public building, structure is given in Appendix 4 to this instruction.
working documentation
3.4. The composition of standard projects, standard design solutions should include:
explanatory note, working drawings, equipment specifications, material requirement lists, lists of construction and installation works, developed and executed in accordance with the requirements of state standards of the project documentation system for construction (SPDS);
calculations of indicators of changes in the estimated cost of construction and installation works, labor costs and consumption of basic building materials when applying the achievements of science, technology and best practices in projects, carried out in compliance with the requirements of the relevant Instructions;
estimates drawn up in the manner prescribed by clause 3.8 of these Instructions;
catalog sheet, drawn up in the prescribed form.
When developing working documentation, the design organization must carry out the necessary revision and specification of the fundamental technological, architectural, construction and other decisions made in the approved project.
working draft
3.5. A typical design and standard design solutions should consist of a general explanatory note containing brief information about the decisions made (in relation to the requirements of clause 3.3 of this Instruction) and working documentation (performed in accordance with the requirements of clause 3.4 of this Instruction)
Technical solutions
3.6. Technical solutions for typical building structures, products and assemblies should include:
a) explanatory note containing the initial data for design, brief information about the available experience in the design, manufacture and use of similar structures, products and assemblies; design schemes, values and combinations of design loads and their justification; a brief description and indicators of options for design solutions and justification of the adopted option; nomenclature of structures and products (indicating the main dimensions, mass, consumption of materials) and scope; a brief description of the methods of manufacturing, storage, transportation and installation of structures and products, protecting them and assemblies from corrosion, ensuring fire resistance; the main technical and economic indicators (including the labor intensity of manufacturing and installation) in comparison with the indicators of analogues;
b) main drawings- layout plans and drawings general types structures, products, assemblies, their main constituent parts, interface units, as well as other drawings, except for assembly drawings, necessary for evaluating design solutions.
Technical solutions, after their approval by the customer, are the basis for the development of working drawings of standard building structures, products and assemblies.
Working drawings
3.7. The composition of the working drawings of standard building structures, products and assemblies, their acquisition and design must comply with the requirements of state standards.
Simultaneously with the development of working drawings of building structures and products intended for serial production, technical specifications and maps of the technical level and quality of these products are drawn up in accordance with GOST 2.114-70 and GOST 2.116 -71.
Estimated documentation
3.8. Estimated documentation developed as part of standard projects and standard design solutions intended for:
determination and evaluation of technical and economic indicators of the designed enterprises, buildings and structures;
development of enlarged estimated norms assets;
determining the estimated cost of construction and commodity construction products when linking a typical project to local conditions in the absence of aggregated estimated standards intended for these purposes.
Estimated cost should be defined:
when developing working documentation and a working draft - according to estimates compiled according to working drawings and aggregated prices intended for these purposes, and in their absence - according to unit prices and price tags for equipment installation;
when developing a project - according to price lists for similar objects, aggregated estimated norms, aggregated prices, aggregated indicators of the cost of construction (UPS) and cost indicators of analogue objects with an accrual of 5% to the cost determined in the estimates, for unaccounted for work.
The estimated cost of buildings and structures approved at the project stage is the limit for the development of working documentation.
When developing standard projects, the following estimate documentation is compiled:
a) as part of the project (with two-stage design) - object and local estimates;
b) as part of the working draft (with one-stage design) - object and local estimates;
c) as part of the working documentation - object and local estimates.
Note. If the standard project of the enterprise provides for several buildings and structures and there are decisions on the general plan, engineering networks and landscaping, then a consolidated estimate should also be developed as part of the project and the working draft (form 1, Appendix 5).
In addition, simultaneously with the object and local estimates (forms 3-6, applications 6-10), as part of the working documentation (working draft), the following are also developed:
additional unit prices and standard cost estimates for new industrial products free-of-charge warehouse for the meter accepted in the estimate;
summary and local statements of need for production resources (form 10, Appendix 11).
The estimate documentation should contain an explanatory note with data on the main provisions adopted in its preparation, options technical solutions and types of finishes, as well as information that facilitates the development of price lists, integrated cost estimates and linking estimates to local construction conditions.
The estimated cost of enterprises, buildings and structures in standard designs developed for specific areas (zones) of construction is accepted:
in the project and working draft - in basic and local prices;
in the working documentation - in local prices.
In cases where a specific construction area is not indicated in the assignment for the development of standard design documentation, the estimated cost is determined only in basic prices. The prices of the I territorial region (subdistrict 1) are accepted as the basic ones.
Notes: 1. For standard projects developed for use in the regions of the Far North, cost estimates are compiled at prices established for the Tiksi Bay area.
2. For a series of standard projects intended for use in a particular city or district, having identical structural and space-planning solutions, estimate documentation in basic prices should be developed only for representative objects.
When drawing up estimates for standard projects in basic prices, estimated prices for local materials are accepted for the second belt of the Moscow Region according to the Price List for local materials and products for construction organizations subordinated to the Moscow Region Executive Committee.
The cost of equipment is determined taking into account transport, procurement and storage costs, the current margins of supply and marketing and component organizations. Equipment transportation distances are accepted:
on trackless roads - 15 km;
by rail - 500 km;
Overhead costs are taken into account as a percentage:
for general construction works - 16,5;
including the above ground
large-panel and volume-block residential buildings - 13.5;
for installation and special works - according to uniform limit standards approved in the prescribed manner;
planned savings (from direct costs and overhead costs - 8.0.
Note. The amount of overhead costs for general construction work is assumed conditionally and is subject to clarification when linking standard projects to local conditions.
Estimates for standard projects should be drawn up separately for the following types of work and costs: for general construction, sanitary, electric installation work, purchase and installation of equipment, purchase of industrial and household equipment and furniture. The structure and distribution of certain types of work according to estimates, as well as to individual sections of estimates compiled according to working drawings, must meet the requirements of the specialization of construction production and provide the ability to determine the estimated cost of commercial construction products when linking a standard project to construction conditions.
If a typical project contains various options for constructive solutions and types of finishes, the composition, scope and cost of work, as well as codes and numbers of estimated norms and unit prices used for these options, are given in estimates compiled according to working drawings.
Estimated documentation for standard design solutions is drawn up in the amount provided for by the assignment for their development.
Estimate documentation is not prepared for drawings of standard building structures, products and assemblies.
3.9. The standard design documentation may include computer software and the initial data necessary for them on paper and machine media, which provide or greatly facilitate the possibility of using automation tools for design work when linking and adjusting standard design documentation.
3.10. Project (working draft) materials and working documentation must be signed:
the title page of the general explanatory note (explanatory note), as well as all albums and issues - by the director or chief engineer (architect) of the institute, the chief engineer (architect) of the project, and the master plan scheme, in addition, by the head of the department and the executor;
other materials - by the chief engineer (architect) of the project, the head of the department, the normative controller and the executor;
estimate documentation - by the officials indicated in the forms of these documents given in appendices 5-11 to this Instruction.
Technical solutions and working drawings must be signed:
the title page of each album - by directors or chief engineers (architects), chief and engineers (architects) of the project of the leading design organization and design organizations - co-executors; the director or his deputy, the head of the laboratories of the research institute participating in the development;
other materials - by the chief engineer (architect) of the project, the head of the department and the executors.
Technical solutions are presented to the customer with cover letter, signed by the head of the leading design organization.
3.11. The inclusion of standard projects and standard design solutions in the fund, with the assignment of a designation according to the heading of the Construction Catalog (SC), is carried out by the Central Institute for Standard Design of the Gosstroy of the USSR (CITP), to which the leading design organizations transfer the originals of this documentation. After the inclusion of standard designs and standard design solutions in the fund, CITP announces their implementation in the releases of Information on standard design documentation of the SC *.
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* Information about standard design documentation of SK is hereinafter referred to as “Information of SK”.
3.12. Working drawings of typical building structures, products and assemblies are submitted by the leading design organization for consideration and approval to the approving authority. The designations of this documentation by the SK rubricator are assigned by the CITP at the direction of the approving authority before its approval.
Based on the results of the examination, the approving authority determines the need to make changes and additions to the working drawings of standard building structures, products and assemblies, the procedure and deadline for their introduction, and, if necessary, determines the amount of funds required for this.
The working drawings of typical building structures, products and assemblies prepared for approval are transferred to the CITP in the original and in copies along with the original catalog sheet to verify their compliance with the requirements of regulatory documents and state standards within the time period established by the approving authority. The documentation is approved after its correction according to the comments of the CITP.
Drawings of standard building structures, products and assemblies, after their approval, are included in the fund and information on their commissioning is published in the Information of the UK.
4. Coordination, examination and approval
standard design documentation
4.1. Typical projects (standard design solutions) developed in accordance with the norms, rules, instructions and state standards (which must be certified by the relevant record of the chief engineer of the project) are not subject to approval by the state oversight bodies.
Working drawings developed as part of the working documentation in accordance with the approved project are not subject to approval.
Documentation made with reasonable deviations from the current norms, rules and instructions is subject to agreement in terms of these deviations with the state supervision bodies and interested organizations that have approved these regulatory documents. Coordination of standard projects and standard design decisions by state supervision bodies and interested organizations should be carried out in one of their instances within 15, and in some cases up to 30 days, from the date of submission for approval.
4.2. Typical design documentation is subject to approval after its examination by the approving authority.
Standard designs and standard design solutions are approved at the “project” (working design) stage, and drawings of standard building structures, products and assemblies are approved at the “working drawings” stage.
4.3. Standard project documentation is approved:
a) standard designs of enterprises, buildings, structures of major national economic importance, as well as drawings of standard building structures, products and assemblies of all-Union use - Gosstroy of the USSR;
b) standard designs (except for those specified in subparagraph “a” of this paragraph), standard design solutions, drawings of standard building structures, products and assemblies for specialized types of construction - by ministries (departments) - customers;
c) standard designs, standard design solutions, drawings of standard building structures, products and assemblies of housing and civil facilities - by Gosgrazhdanstroy or state construction of the Union republics.
The authorities approving the standard design documentation are indicated in the annual plans for standard design.
4.4. Standard project documentation is approved by a resolution, order, protocol of the ministry (department). The document on the approval of a standard project (standard design solution) shall contain the data given in Appendix 12.
5. Publication and distribution of standard project documentation,
revision and cancellation of obsolete standard design documentation
5.1. Standard design documentation accepted for the fund is published and distributed by CITP. It is allowed, in agreement with the Gosstroy of the USSR, to publish and distribute standard design documentation by design organizations that are the authors of this documentation. CITP and design organizations that distribute standard design documentation are responsible for the quality and timing of its publication and distribution.
5.2. Publication and distribution of standard project documentation is carried out according to preliminary requests and current orders of organizations. The term for the execution of orders for standard design documentation, information about which is published in the Information of the UK, should not exceed three months from the date of receipt of orders.
5.3. Design organizations should systematically revise the standard project documentation developed by them, taking into account the changes that have occurred in the requirements of regulatory documents for capital construction and ensuring the improvement of production technology, space-planning and design solutions.
5.4. Cancellation of outdated standard design documentation, as well as the extension of its validity period, is carried out by the authorities that approved this documentation.
Copies of documents on the cancellation or extension of the standard project documentation are sent to the CITP for publication of the decisions made in the Information of the UK.
6. Application of standard design documentation
6.1. The applied standard projects (standard design solutions) of enterprises, buildings, structures must be tied to a specific construction site, taking into account the characteristics of this site and the construction area. Binding of standard projects (standard design solutions) is carried out during the development of working documentation for construction. As part of the construction project, catalog sheets of standard projects selected for use (standard design solutions) are provided.
6.2. When linking standard projects (standard design solutions), design organizations must:
determine the coordinates and marks of parts of buildings and structures;
clarify the dimensions, depth of laying and constructive solutions of the foundations, develop constructive additional measures necessary for the hydrogeological conditions of the construction site;
clarify solutions for basement or basement floors of buildings, as well as junctions of tunnels, galleries and other similar structures, depending on the relief of the construction site;
develop junctions internal networks water supply, sewerage, heating, power supply and communications, as well as transport devices and communications - to external ones;
based climatic conditions area, construction, check the compliance of the resistance to heat transfer of enclosing structures with regulatory requirements and, if necessary, clarify decisions taken for enclosing and load-bearing building structures, as well as the number and type of heating and ventilation devices;
clarify the scope of work and determine the estimated cost of construction, taking into account local conditions and prices.
6.3. Design organizations, in addition to performing work on binding, must make the necessary changes to standard designs (standard design solutions) in cases where the equipment, structures and products provided for in them are discontinued, and the provisions and requirements of regulatory documents are changed.
Allowed with the permission of the ministry (department) - the developer, and for agricultural facilities - the Ministries Agriculture USSR to make changes to the associated standard designs (standard design solutions) related to the use of more advanced technological processes, high-performance equipment and means of mechanization and automation, improvement of planning and design solutions (using standard building structures and products included in territorial catalogs, as well as departmental catalogs for specialized types of construction), blocking production, the use of industrial construction methods that reduce the cost and improve the technical and economic indicators of construction projects.
It is not allowed to make changes to standard projects that require their processing. In these cases, in the prescribed manner, individual projects are developed.
6.4. In the reference materials of a standard project (standard design solution), design organizations must provide justifications for the changes being made, as well as data on the results of a comparison of the technical and economic indicators of the applied and corrected standard project (standard design solution).
Information on the binding of standard projects (standard design solutions) is submitted to CITP in accordance with GOST 21.202-78.
6.5. Design organizations are responsible for the correct choice of a standard project (standard design solution) for binding, the quality of documentation made using standard projects (standard design solutions), its compliance state of the art science and technology, the requirements of norms and rules of construction and process design, standards, safety regulations and explosion and fire safety.
6.6. In the working drawings for the construction of buildings and structures, references should be made to the applied standard building structures, products and assemblies, indicating the designation of the corresponding working drawings of products, assemblies.
If, according to the conditions of application, it is required to make changes to the working drawings of standard products (for example, to provide for the installation of additional embedded products), then as part of the working documentation for the construction of the facility, drawings containing additions and changes to the working drawings, and the specification of the applied standard products must be made.
The modified products are assigned brands of the applied standard products with the addition of an alphabetic or numeric index.
6.7. Binding of standard projects (standard design solutions) after six months from the date of publication of information about their cancellation in the Information of the UK is not allowed.
In the event that in the next year, after the year of cancellation of the previously linked standard project (standard design solution), construction was not started, a new valid standard project (standard design solution) introduced to replace the canceled one should be linked.
Attachment 1
General requirements for the content of the assignment for the development of a standard project
(standard design solution) enterprises, buildings,
production facilities
The task for the development of a standard project (standard design solution) must be drawn up in accordance with the provisions of Section 2 of this Instruction and contain the following initial data:
2. Basis for development.
3. Name of the leading design organization and design organizations involved in the development; distribution of work among them.
4. Staged development.
5. Deadline for submission for approval and name of the approving authority.
6. Purpose of the object, its composition and main characteristics:
power, capacity, throughput or other indicators, the range and volume of production of products (including those produced by assimilation), requirements for its quality.
7. Requirements for technology and methods of organizing production.
8. Characteristics of raw materials and fuel.
9. Requirements for the mechanization and automation of production processes and the reduction of manual labor costs.
10. Requirements for the treatment of industrial effluents, neutralization and disposal of production waste, the use of secondary energy resources, requirements for the protection of the natural environment.
11. Construction and operation conditions (including climatic and soil conditions, special requirements for temperature and humidity conditions and indoor air cleanliness, sound pressure level, etc.).
12. Conditions for energy supply, gas supply, heat supply (type, parameters and cost of the heat carrier), water supply, sewerage.
13. Task on the use of scientific and technological achievements in the field of technology, equipment, building structures and materials.
14. Assignment for the main technical and economic indicators of the designed enterprise, building and structure.
15. Requirements for architectural, artistic, space-planning solutions, blocking conditions (for the corresponding types of buildings, structures, enterprises).
Instructions for the unification of parameters, structures and products.
Requirements for a constructive solution, the maximum mass of elements of prefabricated structures, for materials of load-bearing and enclosing structures, for finishing.
16. Conditions for determining the estimated cost.
17. Requirements for the development of variants of a standard project (standard design solution) or its sections, as well as individual solutions on a competitive basis.
18. Instructions on the need for preliminary approval of individual design decisions with interested departments and organizations.
19. The composition of additional initial data issued by the customer to the lead design organization and the lead design organization - co-executors.
20. Special conditions developments, including requirements for civil defense measures.
Appendix 2
General requirements for the content of the assignment for the development of a standard project
(standard design solution) of a residential building,
public building, building
The assignment for the development of a typical project must be drawn up in accordance with the provisions of Section 2 of this Instruction and contain the following initial data:
1. Full name of the standard project (standard design solution).
2. Basis for development.
3. Name of the design organization.
4. Staged development.
5. Scope of standard design documentation, indicating the construction and climatic regions and data of the conditional construction area, in relation to which standard documentation should be developed.
6. Town-planning purpose of the building, structure.
Types of residential buildings (number of floors, number of block sections, etc.), purpose and types of built-in residential buildings public service enterprises, their estimated cost, capacity, throughput.
Purpose and types of public buildings, their estimated cost, capacity or throughput, composition and area of premises, working area and construction volume of buildings.
7. Basic requirements for the architectural and planning solution of the building, structure and blocking conditions.
9. Basic requirements: for a constructive solution and materials for load-bearing and enclosing structures, for finishing buildings and structures; to engineering and technological equipment.
10. Guidelines for determining the estimated cost of construction and analysis of technical and economic indicators of the project.
11. Instructions on the need:
development of options for design solutions;
coordination of design decisions with interested departments and organizations (for public buildings);
implementation of additional documentation (demonstration materials) as part of the project (working draft).
12. Requirements for civil defense measures.
Note. Clauses 7 and 9 should specify the requirements for the use of scientific and technological achievements.
Appendix 3
General requirements for the content of the assignment for the development of drawings of standard building structures, products and components of buildings and structures
The task for the development of drawings of typical building structures, products and assemblies must be drawn up in accordance with the provisions of Section 2 of this Instruction and contain the following initial data:
1. Full name of the developed drawings.
2. Basis for development.
3. Name of the leading design organization and design, research and other organizations involved in the development; distribution of work among them.
4. Staged development.
5. Deadline for submission for approval or approval; name of the approving (approving) authority.
6. Purpose and scope of building structures, products, components.
7. Basic parameters and characteristics of building structures, products, units.
8. Instructions for calculation and design.
9. Requirements for the unification and standardization of the parameters of elements of building structures and products.
10. Conditions for the manufacture of building structures, products.
11. Conditions of transportation, storage and installation of building structures, products.
12. Operating conditions of building structures, products and assemblies.
13. Requirements for technical and economic indicators and a list of analogues for comparison.
14. Terms of agreement. Indication of the need to coordinate drawings with organizations.
15. Task on the use of scientific and technological achievements.
Appendix 4
Approximate composition of a typical project (standard design solution) of a residential building, public building or structure:
I. Stage - project
1. General explanatory note containing: scope with the conditions for which standard documentation is being developed; information about architectural, planning and design solutions, solutions for engineering and technological equipment, building decoration; instructions for technical operation (for residential buildings); technical and economic indicators and other information.
2. Main drawings:
scheme of the general plan of the site (M 1:500, 1:1000);
facades, block section plans with examples of furniture arrangement for residential buildings (M 1:50, 1:100), floor plans (M 1:100, 1:200), sections by characteristic places.
3. Estimated documentation.
4. Additional documentation: demonstration material (the need for development is set by the development task).
II. Stage - working draft
1. General explanatory note containing: scope with the conditions for which standard documentation is being developed; information about architectural, planning and design solutions; solutions for engineering and technological equipment, building decoration; instructions on measures for technical operation (for residential buildings); technical and economic indicators and other information.
2. Drawings: scheme of the general plan of the site (M 1:500, 1:1000), facades, section plans with examples of furniture arrangement for residential buildings (M 1:500, 1:100), floor plans (M 1:100, 1 :200), sections in characteristic places.
3. Estimated documentation.
4. Additional documentation; demonstration material (the need for development, volume and form, is set by the task for development).
The above design estimates are submitted for examination and approval.
5. Scheme of the master plan with the drawing of objects of improvement and gardening of the site.
6. Main sets of working documentation of a building or structure: architectural and construction solutions (as a rule, separately below and above the 0.000 mark), technology (for public buildings), heating and ventilation, internal water supply, sewerage and gas pipelines, electrical equipment, communication and signaling devices , automation of engineering equipment systems (if necessary), etc.; working drawings of individual building products; technical documentation for operation (for residential buildings); custom specifications and questionnaires (if necessary), drawings of general views of non-standard structures and devices of engineering equipment systems of a building, structure.
Note. The need to perform additional material is established by the development task.
Appendix 5
CONSOLIDATED ESTIMATE CALCULATION No. ____
To the standard project ________________________________________________________________
Compiled in prices of 19___
Appendix 6
| ______________________________________________ |
OBJECT ESTIMATE No. _____
(object cost estimate)
| No. of estimates (estimated | Name of works and costs | Estimated cost, | Feasibility studies |
||||||||||
| construction works | installation work | equipment, furniture and inventory | other expenses | including | normative conditionally pure products | unit | number of units | unit cost |
|||||
| basic salary | machine operation |
||||||||||||
Notes: 1. Funds for the construction of temporary buildings and structures, additional costs in the performance of work in winter time and other limited costs are not included in the object estimate for a typical project.
2. If there is a consolidated estimate calculation, objective estimates are not signed by the director (chief engineer) of the design organization.
3. Columns 9-11 of the object estimate are filled in when linking a standard project to local construction conditions, as well as when developing a standard project intended for use in a particular city or district.
Data on columns 9-11 in the object estimate calculation of the project is not given.
Annex 7
LOCAL ESTIMATE No. _____
(local budget calculation)
Chief Project Engineer __________________________________
(signature, initials, surname)
Initial data:
(position, signature, initials, surname)
Perforation:
prepared by ________________________________________________
(position, signature, initials, surname)
checked _______________________________________________
(position, signature, initials, surname)
Appendix 8
| ______________________________________________ |
LOCAL ESTIMATE No. _____
(local budget calculation)
| No. of enlarged estimated norms, unit prices, codes of norms of SNiP, etc. | Name of works and costs | unit of measurement | Number of units | Unit cost, rub. | total cost, rub. |
||||||
| including | including | normative conditionally pure products |
|||||||||
| basic salary | machine operation | basic salary | machine operation |
||||||||
| including salary |
|||||||||||
SUMMARY
scope and cost of work to the local estimate No. _______
| Name- | unit of measurement | Number of units | Estimated cost, rub. | Regulatory conditional | Specific | ||||||||||
| direct costs | Overheads | planned savings | All- | including | in overhead costs, % of the amount for gr. 7 | in planned savings, % of the cost for gr. ten,. eleven | In total, according to the data of 10, 11, 12, 13 | ||||||||
| basic salary | Machine operation | ||||||||||||||
| including salary | |||||||||||||||
| price | |||||||||||||||
Note: With a small number of sections and positions in the local estimate, section. (2-3 sections) a summary of the scope and cost of work may not be compiled, with summing up all the results directly at the end of the estimate. A summary of the scope and cost of work is also not compiled at the “project” stage. 2. Boxes 7, 8, 10, 11 and 12 local estimate and 10, 11, 12, 13 and 14 summaries of the scope and cost of work are filled in when linking a typical project to local construction conditions, as well as when developing a typical project intended for use in a particular city or district. At the project stage, data on columns 7, 8, 10, 11 and 12 of the local budget calculation are not provided.
(type of equipment and works)
Compiled in prices of 19___.
Including:
a) equipment ___________ thousand rubles.
b) installation work _______ thousand rubles.
Regulatory conditionally net production _______________ thousand rubles.
Estimated indicators
Cost for:
unit of account
(power, capacity,
| Code and item number of the price list, USN, price tag, etc. | Name and characteristics of equipment and installation works | unit of measurement | Quantity | total weight | Equipment cost (rub.) | The total cost of installation work (rub.) |
|||
| unit cost of installation work (rub.) | per unit | including |
|||||||
| including normative conditionally pure products | basic salary | machine operation |
|||||||
| salary |
|||||||||
| Spare Parts__________________________________ Total_______________________________________ Container and packaging _________________________________ Total_______________________________________ Fare___________________________ Total_______________________________________ Total_______________________________________ Complete set (from the total with spare parts) ______________ Total equipment_____________________________ Total_______________________________________ Total (equipment and installation work)_________ | Chief Project Engineer ___________________ ___________________________________________________ (signature, initials, surname) Head of Department_______________ name (signature, ___________________________________________ initials, surname) Initial data compiled by __________________________________ (position, signature, initials, surname) checked __________________________________ (position, signature, initials, surname) Perforation: prepared by ______________________________ (position, signature, initials, surname) checked ________________________________ (position, signature, initials, surname) |
Annex 10
| ______________________________________________ | Form 7 |
LOCAL ESTIMATE No. _____
(local budget calculation)
| To the standard project __________________________________________________ (name of the enterprise, complex or individual buildings and structures) for the purchase of ___________________________________________________________ (type of equipment and works) |
|
| Base: Specification No. _______ Compiled in prices of 19___. | Estimated cost ________ thousand rubles. Including: a) equipment _______ thousand rubles. b) installation work _____ thousand rubles. Normative conditionally net products _______________ thousand rubles Estimated indicators Cost for: unit of account (power, capacity, productivity, etc.) ___ rub. 1 m 3 of the total area of the building ___ rub. 1 m 3 building volume __________ rub. |
| Cipher and | Name- | Unit | If- | Unit cost, rub. | Total cost, rub. |
|||||||||
| equip- | installation work | equip- | installation work |
|||||||||||
| including | including |
|||||||||||||
| go- | basic salary | machine operation | basic salary | machine operation |
||||||||||
| including | salary |
|||||||||||||
| Total_______________________________________ Spare parts_________________________________ Total_______________________________________ Container and packaging ________________________________ Total_______________________________________ Fare Total_______________________________________ Procurement and storage costs Total_______________________________________ Complete set (from the total with spare parts) _____________ Total equipment _________________________ Wage variances__________________ Materials not included in the price tags _______________ Total_______________________________________ Planned savings ___________________________ Total (columns 12 and 13) Incl. normative conditionally net production ___________________________________________ | Chief Project Engineer ________________________ (signature, initials, surname) Boss _____________________________________ Name department __________________________________________ (signature, initials, surname) Compiled by _______________________________________ (position, signature, initials, surname) Believed _______________________________________ (position, signature, initials, surname) Note: Regulatory conditionally clean production is determined when linking a standard project to local construction conditions, as well as when developing a standard project intended for use in a particular city or district. |
Annex 11
STATEMENT
requirements for production resources to a standard project
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
(names of the enterprise, complex or individual buildings and structures)
| Quantity |
|||
| options |
|||
| Civil works Labor costs, man/hour Salary, rub. Construction machines, rub. Aboveground part Labor costs, man/hour Salary, rub. Construction machines, rub. Total civil works Special construction work Labor costs, man/hour Salary, rub. Construction machines, rub. Plumbing Labor costs, man/h Salary, rub. Construction machines, rub. (separate installation of technological equipment, electrical, instrumentation and automation, etc.) Labor costs, man/h Salary, rub. Construction machines, rub. Other works (communications, radio, etc.) Labor costs, man/h Salary, rub. Construction machines, rub. Labor costs, man/h Salary, rub. Construction machines, rub. | |||
Boss ____________________ ___________________________
(name of department) (signature, initials, surname)
Compiled by __________________________________________________
(position, signature, initials, surname)
Checked _________________________________________________
(position, signature, initials, surname)
Note. In the working design and working documentation, summary bills of materials are compiled in the main sets of working drawings in accordance with GOST 21.109-80.
Application12
EXAMPLE COMPOSITION
basic data and technical and economic indicators included in the document on approval of a standard project (standard design solution) of an enterprise, building, structure
The composition of data and technical and economic indicators should include:
1. Name of the enterprise, building, structure.
2. Basic technical and economic data and indicators (in comparison with analogues).
Capacity (annual volume of marketable products, capacity, throughput, volume of services, etc.) in units of account and million rubles.
Number of employees (for production facilities), people;
including workers:
Total area (working area, usable area for residential and public buildings), m 2; building area, m 2; construction volume of buildings, m 3.
Estimated cost (total), thousand rubles, including construction and installation works; total estimated cost per unit of account, rub.
The cost of the calculated unit of production (for production facilities, rubles)
Labor productivity (annual output per worker), thousand rubles
Consumption of basic energy resources (thermal and electric energy) per unit of account.
Construction labor costs, man/hour per unit of account; for 1 million rubles construction and installation works.
Consumption of basic building materials (cement, metal, timber): per unit of account; for 1 million rubles construction and installation works.
3. Evaluation of the quality of the project (working draft) with its justification.
4. Instructions for the development of working documentation.
5. Validity period of a standard project (standard design solution).
EXPLANATION OF CITP GOSSTROY OF THE USSR TO POINT 6.7
"INSTRUCTIONS FOR TYPICAL DESIGN" CH-227-82
1. Binding of the canceled standard design documentation of enterprises, buildings and structures can be carried out within 6 months after its cancellation.
2. When binding, changes should be made related to bringing the documentation in accordance with the modern requirements of directive and regulatory documents.
3. Construction according to the attached standard project documentation of enterprises, buildings and structures must be started no later than the next year after its cancellation.
4. After 6 months from the date of publication in the “Information on Standard Design Documentation”, standard design documentation of enterprises, buildings and structures will be distributed (until it is replaced) with the possibility of using only as auxiliary materials for design without the right to bind.
At the same time, inclusion in an individual project of any materials of a canceled standard project with a binding stamp and references to materials of a canceled standard project are not allowed.
USSR STATE COMMITTEE FOR CONSTRUCTION
(Gosstroy USSR)
INSTRUCTIONS FOR TYPICAL
DESIGN
CH 227-82
Approved by resolution
USSR State Committee
for construction
dated May 18, 1982 No. 141.
The standard design instruction establishes the procedure for the development, approval, examination, approval, publication, distribution and application of standard design documentation - standard projects, standard design solutions, drawings of standard building structures, products and assemblies for use in the design and construction of new, expansion, reconstruction of technical re-equipment of existing enterprises, buildings and structures of sectors of the national economy, industries and types of construction, as well as the procedure for its revision and cancellation.
1.1. This Instruction establishes the procedure for developing approval, examination, approval, publication, distribution, application, revision and cancellation of standard design documentation (standard projects, standard design solutions, drawings of standard building structures, products and assemblies) for use in the design and construction of new, as well as expansion, reconstruction and technical re-equipment of existing enterprises, buildings and structures of industry, transport, communications, agriculture and water management, residential buildings and public buildings.*
Standard projects are developed in accordance with the Instruction on the composition, procedure for the development, approval and approval of design estimates for the construction of enterprises, buildings and structures and the requirements of this Instruction.
1.2. Standard designs should be developed for multiple use in the construction of repetitive production and auxiliary buildings and structures, enterprises in general with a stable production technology, as well as residential buildings, public buildings and structures and agricultural facilities.
For the construction of enterprises, buildings and structures with frequently changing production technology, but having a number of repetitive construction and technological solutions, standard design solutions for construction and technological sections, block sections, blocks of aggregated equipment, production lines, etc. should be developed.
Drawings of standard building structures, products and assemblies should be developed for multiple use in the design and construction of buildings and structures, as well as for mass production of structures and products.
If it is necessary to erect a number of identical industrial facilities for the construction of the first facility, an individual project is developed in accordance with the requirements established by this Instruction, which is then used for the construction of other similar facilities.
1.3. When developing standard design documentation, it is necessary to be guided by the main directions for the development of standard design for the planned and following the planned five years and ensure compliance with the requirements of regulatory documents for design and construction approved or agreed by the USSR State Construction Committee.
1.4. The basis for the development of standard design documentation are five-year and annual plans for standard design, approved in the prescribed manner.
1.5. Development of standard projects and standard design solutions is carried out:
in one stage - a working draft with estimates - for technically simple enterprises, buildings and structures;
in two stages - a project with cost estimates and working documentation with estimates - for technically complex enterprises, buildings and structures.
Development of drawings of typical building structures, products and assemblies is carried out:
in one stage - working drawings - when the nomenclature and scope are determined and variant study of these structures, products and assemblies is not required;
in two stages - technical solutions and working drawings - if it is necessary to determine the nomenclature and area of rational application, as well as variant study (for fundamentally new design solutions).
The stages of development of standard design documentation are indicated in the annual plans for standard design.
In necessary cases, in accordance with the development task, standard design documentation is carried out in several versions, taking into account the zonal conditions of construction, various constructive solutions.
The development of standard designs for objects of great national economic importance, as well as standard design documentation for individual technological, structural, architectural and other solutions, can be carried out in several versions on a competitive basis. Permission for this is given by the Gosstroy of the USSR or in the manner prescribed by it.
1.13. The leading design organization for each designed enterprise, building and structure appoints a chief engineer or chief architect of the project.
A specialized design organization that performs a separate section (part of a section) of the project appoints a chief engineer or chief architect of this section (part of a section) of the project.
The chief engineer (chief architect) of the project is responsible, performs duties and has the rights provided for by the Regulations on the chief engineer, chief architect of the project, approved by the USSR State Construction Committee.
1.14. The customer of standard design documentation, the director and chief engineer, chief engineer and chief architect of the project of the leading design organization and implementing organizations throughout the entire period of design and validity of this documentation are responsible for its quality, timely development and completeness of the documentation being performed, as well as for entering into standard design documentation for changes recommended in the expert opinions, and timely processing in the prescribed manner of outdated standard design documentation.
The customer of standard design documentation is responsible for the timely preparation, approval and transfer of the assignment to the design organization for the development of standard design documentation, the progressiveness and validity of the technical and economic indicators established in the assignment, as well as the timely approval of this documentation.
The design organization is responsible for the cost-effectiveness, reliability, safety, durability of the designed facilities, the completeness and effectiveness of the measures provided for in the projects for the protection of the environment and the health of workers, for compliance with the requirements of this Instruction and other regulatory design documents during the development and application of standard design documentation.
The research organization is responsible for the conformity of the initial design data issued by it with the achievements of scientific and technological progress in the field of new technological processes, equipment and materials.
The lead design organization is responsible for the quality and uniformity of the presentation and execution of standard design documentation as a whole, in accordance with the requirements of this Instruction. The project implementing organization is responsible for the quality of the materials developed by it.
2.1. The task for the development of standard design documentation is drawn up by the customer with the involvement of the leading design organization and, if necessary, other co-executors - research, design and design organizations.
2.2. The task for the development of standard design documentation should establish requirements for the introduction of new technology and best practices, a reduction in material consumption and labor intensity of construction, and an increase in labor productivity; on the economical use of raw materials, material and energy resources, the disposal of production waste and secondary energy resources, and the main technical and economic indicators of the designed enterprise, building and structure should also be established.
General requirements for the content of the assignment for the development of standard design documentation are given in, and to this Instruction.
2.3. The task for the development of standard projects (standard design solutions) should provide information on the conditions of construction (climatic effects, soil conditions, etc.)
In cases where it is not possible to indicate in the assignment for the development of standard design documentation the conditions that correspond to a specific area (zone) of construction, the following are accepted:
the estimated winter temperature of the outside air is minus 30ºС, the speed of the wind - for the I geographical region, the weight of the snow cover - for the III geographical region; the relief of the territory is calm, there are no groundwaters, the soils are not heaving, non-subsidence with the following standard characteristics: standard angle of internal friction = 0.49 rad or 28º; normative specific cohesion FROM n = 2 kPA (0.02 kgf/cm2); soft soil deformation modulus E= 14.7 mPa (150 kgf/cm2); soil density = 1.8 t/m3; ground safety factor To G = 1 .
2.4. The task for the development of standard design documentation, if necessary, establishes the requirements for the development of options specified in this Instruction.
2.5. The task for the development of standard design documentation is approved by the authority established for the approval of this documentation of this Instruction.
3.1. The requirements for standard project documentation established by this section provide for the maximum amount and composition of the data provided, which can be clarified and reduced by ministries and departments depending on the characteristics of the objects being designed, so that the amount of documentation submitted for examination and approval meets the requirements of this Instruction.
The composition of the documentation submitted for examination and approval should not include calculations of building structures, equipment, volumes of construction and installation works, the need for material and other resources. These calculations are not transferred to the customer, but are stored in the design organization that performed them in accordance with GOST 21.203-78.
3.2. The materials of the project, working draft, technical solution should characterize and justify the design decisions made taking into account the results of variant studies, and the indicators and final data given by calculation and justification should be drawn up, as a rule, in the form of tables.
a) general explanatory note, containing the initial data for the design; data on the scope of standard projects (standard design solutions); a brief description of the object; data on the design capacity of the facility, range, quality and technical level of products; information about the need for fuel, water, heat and electricity, labor resources; assessment of the progressiveness and cost-effectiveness of the main design solutions; data on the composition of the enterprise, facilities, information on the volume of basic work; the results of the economic calculations performed and the assessment of the established projects of technical and economic indicators, as well as the results of comparing these indicators with those of the best domestic and foreign objects; data on the economics of production and the use of scientific and technological achievements in the project; information on the approvals of the decisions taken and compliance with the requirements of norms, rules, instructions and state standards, including explosion and fire safety standards; information about the main decisions of the master plan scheme, on-site transport, engineering networks and communications; civil defense activities; recommendations for the rational organization of construction, the planned duration of the standard design documentation.
The explanatory note should also contain information about the main decisions aimed at the integrated and rational use of minerals, production waste, secondary energy resources, as well as the rational and economical use of labor, material and energy resources; indicators of specific costs for the production of a unit of output, per unit of generated capacity and 1 million rubles. construction and installation works and the results of their comparison with the indicators of the best domestic and foreign facilities, as well as with the indicators established in the assignment for the development of standard design documentation.
The explanatory note contains general information about the envisaged measures for the protection of the natural environment, information about the amount and composition of wastewater and emissions into the atmosphere, as well as waste not recycled in production, calculated data characterizing the effectiveness of planned measures and designed facilities.
The main drawing attached to the explanatory note is a master plan diagram with the optimal location of buildings and structures, as well as on-site roads, communication routes, landscaping and landscaping facilities;
b) technological solutions containing:
a production calculation program for the production of products (provision of services), a brief description and justification of decisions on production technology, labor intensity and machine-tool intensity of manufacturing products, mechanization and automation of technological processes and production management, the results of their comparison with advanced technical solutions of domestic and foreign practice; proposals for the organization of product quality control; the composition and assessment of the progressiveness of the selected equipment, indicators of its load; characteristics of shop and intershop communications; justification of the number of production personnel (the indicated information is given for the enterprise as a whole and for each production or workshop); fundamental decisions on the scientific organization of labor *; solutions for heat supply, power supply and electrical equipment, for the operation of electrical installations; for the automation of technological processes **, and in cases where the task for the development of standard design documentation provides for the use of new technological processes, units and industries equipped with automated control systems based on modern computer technology (ATK), the main technical solutions for automated process control systems ** *, fundamental solutions for automated enterprise management systems (ACS) ****; measures for the protection of the environment; fuel and energy and material balances of technological processes, taking into account all solid, liquid and gaseous production wastes and decisions on the maximum use of each of these wastes;
main drawings - schematic diagrams of technological processes and mechanization of production; technological layouts by buildings (workshops) indicating the placement of large equipment and vehicles; cargo traffic schemes; functional structure diagram; organizational chart; block diagram of a complex of technical means; schemes of automation of technological processes; schematic diagrams of power supply and heat supply (on-site); communication and signaling organization schemes (on-site);
in) building solutions containing:
a brief description and justification of the main architectural and construction decisions for buildings and structures with an assessment of the progressiveness of these decisions; substantiation of fundamental decisions on the illumination of workplaces, reduction of industrial noise and vibrations, household, sanitary services for workers, measures for electrical, explosion and fire safety, protection of building structures from corrosion; basic solutions for water supply, sewerage, heating, ventilation and air conditioning; decisions on civil defense facilities (issued in the prescribed manner); basic provisions for the organization of construction;
main drawings - plans and sections of buildings and structures with a schematic representation of the main load-bearing and enclosing structures, building facades; draft solutions for anti-corrosion protection of building structures.
Note. For industrial buildings with complex heating, ventilation and air conditioning systems, it is allowed to develop plans and sections of these buildings depicting these systems, as well as plans and sections of the main water supply and sewerage structures and draft solutions for corrosion protection of networks and structures.
In cases where it is provided for in the assignment for the development of standard design documentation, architectural and spatial solutions (model) or other demonstration materials are submitted;
G) estimate documentation- is developed in the composition and scope established by this Instruction;
e) project passport- a catalog sheet developed at the design stage (except for residential and civil facilities), drawn up in accordance with the established form.
The project (in its relevant sections) should contain:
initial requirements for the development of custom-made equipment, including non-standard and non-standardized equipment, developed in accordance with GOST 15.001-73.
An approximate composition of a typical project (standard design solution) of a residential building, public building, structure is given in this instruction.
explanatory note, working drawings, equipment specifications, material requirement lists, lists of construction and installation works, developed and executed in accordance with the requirements of state standards of the project documentation system for construction (SPDS);
calculations of indicators of changes in the estimated cost of construction and installation works, labor costs and consumption of basic building materials when applying the achievements of science, technology and best practices in projects, performed in compliance with the requirements of the relevant Instructions;
estimates drawn up in the manner prescribed by this Instruction;
catalog sheet, drawn up in the prescribed form.
When developing working documentation, the design organization must carry out the necessary revision and specification of the fundamental technological, architectural, construction and other decisions made in the approved project.
3.5. A typical design and standard design solutions should consist of a general explanatory note containing brief information about the decisions made (in relation to the requirements of this Instruction) and working documentation (performed in accordance with the requirements of this Instruction)
3.6. Technical solutions for typical building structures, products and assemblies should include:
a) explanatory note containing the initial data for design, brief information about the available experience in the design, manufacture and use of similar structures, products and assemblies; design schemes, values and combinations of design loads and their justification; a brief description and indicators of options for design solutions and justification of the adopted option; nomenclature of structures and products (indicating the main dimensions, mass, consumption of materials) and scope; a brief description of the methods of manufacturing, storage, transportation and installation of structures and products, protecting them and assemblies from corrosion, ensuring fire resistance; the main technical and economic indicators (including the labor intensity of manufacturing and installation) in comparison with the indicators of analogues;
b) main drawings- layout diagrams and drawings of general views of structures, products, assemblies, their main components, interface nodes, as well as other drawings, except for assembly drawings, necessary for evaluating design solutions.
Technical solutions, after their approval by the customer, are the basis for the development of working drawings of standard building structures, products and assemblies.
3.7. The composition of the working drawings of standard building structures, products and assemblies, their acquisition and design must comply with the requirements of state standards.
Simultaneously with the development of working drawings of building structures and products intended for serial production, technical specifications and maps of the technical level and quality of these products are drawn up in accordance with GOST 2.114-70 and GOST 2.116 -71.
determination and evaluation of technical and economic indicators of the designed enterprises, buildings and structures;
development of enlarged estimated standards;
determining the estimated cost of construction and commercial construction products when linking a typical project to local conditions in the absence of aggregated estimated standards intended for these purposes.
The estimated cost should be determined:
when developing working documentation and a working draft - according to estimates compiled according to working drawings and aggregated prices intended for these purposes, and in their absence - according to unit prices and price tags for equipment installation;
when developing a project - according to price lists for similar objects, aggregated estimated norms, aggregated prices, aggregated indicators of the cost of construction (UPS) and cost indicators of analogue objects with an accrual of 5% to the cost determined in the estimates, for unaccounted for work.
The estimated cost of buildings and structures approved at the project stage is the limit for the development of working documentation.
When developing standard projects, the following estimate documentation is compiled:
a) as part of the project (with two-stage design) - object and local cost estimates;
b) as part of the working draft (with one-stage design) - object and local estimates;
c) as part of the working documentation - object and local estimates.
Note. If the standard project of the enterprise provides for several buildings and structures and there are decisions on the general plan, engineering networks and landscaping, then a consolidated estimate should also be developed as part of the project and the working draft (form 1,).
In addition, simultaneously with object and local estimates (forms 3-6, -), as part of the working documentation (working draft), the following are also developed:
additional unit prices and standard cost estimates for new industrial products free-of-charge warehouse for the meter accepted in the estimate;
summary and local statements of need for production resources (form 10,).
The estimate documentation should contain an explanatory note with data on the main provisions adopted in its preparation, options for technical solutions and types of finishes, as well as information that facilitates the development of price lists, consolidated estimate standards and linking estimates to local construction conditions.
The estimated cost of enterprises, buildings and structures in standard designs developed for specific areas (zones) of construction is accepted:
in the project and working draft - in basic and local prices;
in the working documentation - in local prices.
In cases where a specific construction area is not indicated in the assignment for the development of standard design documentation, the estimated cost is determined only in basic prices. The prices of the I territorial region (subdistrict 1) are accepted as the basic ones.
Notes: 1. For standard projects developed for use in the regions of the Far North, cost estimates are compiled at prices established for the Tiksi Bay area.
2. For a series of standard projects intended for use in a particular city or district, having identical structural and space-planning solutions, estimate documentation in basic prices should be developed only for representative objects.
When drawing up estimates for standard projects in basic prices, estimated prices for local materials are accepted for the second belt of the Moscow Region according to the Price List for local materials and products for construction organizations subordinate to the Moscow Regional Executive Committee.
The cost of equipment is determined taking into account transport, procurement and storage costs, the current margins of supply and marketing and component organizations. Equipment transportation distances are accepted:
on trackless roads - 15 km;
by rail - 500 km;
Overhead costs are taken into account as a percentage:
for general construction works - 16.5;
including the above ground
large-panel and volume-block residential buildings - 13.5;
for installation and special works - according to uniform limit standards approved in the prescribed manner;
planned savings (from direct costs and overhead costs - 8.0.
Note. The amount of overhead costs for general construction work is assumed conditionally and is subject to clarification when linking standard projects to local conditions.
Estimates for standard projects should be drawn up separately for the following types of work and costs: for general construction, sanitary, electrical work, purchase and installation of equipment, purchase of production and household equipment and furniture. The structure and distribution of certain types of work according to estimates, as well as to individual sections of estimates compiled according to working drawings, must meet the requirements of the specialization of construction production and provide the ability to determine the estimated cost of commercial construction products when linking a standard project to construction conditions.
If a typical project contains various options for constructive solutions and types of finishes, the composition, scope and cost of work, as well as codes and numbers of estimated norms and unit prices used for these options, are given in estimates compiled according to working drawings.
Estimated documentation for standard design solutions is drawn up in the amount provided for by the assignment for their development.
Estimate documentation is not prepared for drawings of standard building structures, products and assemblies.
3.9. The standard design documentation may include computer software and the initial data necessary for them on paper and machine media, which provide or greatly facilitate the possibility of using automation tools for design work when linking and adjusting standard design documentation.
3.10. Project (working draft) materials and working documentation must be signed:
the title page of the general explanatory note (explanatory note), as well as all albums and issues - by the director or chief engineer (architect) of the institute, the chief engineer (architect) of the project, and the master plan scheme, in addition, by the head of the department and the executor;
other materials - by the chief engineer (architect) of the project, the head of the department, the normative controller and the executor;
estimate documentation - by the officials indicated in the forms of these documents given in - to this Instruction.
Technical solutions and working drawings must be signed:
the title page of each album - by directors or chief engineers (architects), chief and engineers (architects) of the project of the leading design organization and design organizations - co-executors; the director or his deputy, the head of the laboratories of the research institute participating in the development;
other materials - by the chief engineer (architect) of the project, the head of the department and the executors.
Technical solutions are presented to the customer with a cover letter signed by the head of the leading design organization.
3.11. The inclusion of standard projects and standard design solutions in the fund, with the assignment of a designation according to the heading of the Construction Catalog (SC), is carried out by the Central Institute for Standard Design of the Gosstroy of the USSR (CITP), to which the leading design organizations transfer the originals of this documentation. After the inclusion of standard designs and standard design solutions in the fund, CITP announces their implementation in the releases of Information on standard design documentation of the SC *.
3.12. Working drawings of typical building structures, products and assemblies are submitted by the leading design organization for consideration and approval to the approving authority. The designations of this documentation by the SK rubricator are assigned by the CITP at the direction of the approving authority before its approval.
Based on the results of the examination, the approving authority determines the need to make changes and additions to the working drawings of standard building structures, products and assemblies, the procedure and deadline for their introduction, and, if necessary, determines the amount of funds required for this.
The working drawings of typical building structures, products and assemblies prepared for approval are transferred to the CITP in the original and in copies along with the original catalog sheet to verify their compliance with the requirements of regulatory documents and state standards within the time period established by the approving authority. The documentation is approved after its correction according to the comments of the CITP.
Drawings of standard building structures, products and assemblies, after their approval, are included in the fund and information on their commissioning is published in the Information of the UK.
4.1. Typical projects (standard design solutions) developed in accordance with the norms, rules, instructions and state standards (which must be certified by the relevant record of the chief engineer of the project) are not subject to approval by the state oversight bodies.
Working drawings developed as part of the working documentation in accordance with the approved project are not subject to approval.
Documentation made with reasonable deviations from the current norms, rules and instructions is subject to agreement in terms of these deviations with the state supervision bodies and interested organizations that have approved these regulatory documents. Coordination of standard projects and standard design decisions by state supervision bodies and interested organizations should be carried out in one of their instances within 15, and in some cases up to 30 days, from the date of submission for approval.
4.2. Typical design documentation is subject to approval after its examination by the approving authority.
Standard designs and standard design solutions are approved at the “project” (working design) stage, and drawings of standard building structures, products and assemblies are approved at the “working drawings” stage.
a) standard designs of enterprises, buildings, structures of major national economic importance, as well as drawings of standard building structures, products and assemblies of all-Union use - Gosstroy of the USSR;
b) standard designs (except for those specified in subparagraph “a” of this paragraph), standard design solutions, drawings of standard building structures, products and assemblies for specialized types of construction - by ministries (departments) - customers;
c) standard designs, standard design solutions, drawings of standard building structures, products and assemblies of housing and civil facilities - by Gosgrazhdanstroy or state construction of the Union republics.
The authorities approving the standard design documentation are indicated in the annual plans for standard design.
4.4. Standard project documentation is approved by a resolution, order, protocol of the ministry (department). The document on the approval of a standard project (standard design solution) indicates the data given in.
5.1. Standard design documentation accepted for the fund is published and distributed by CITP. It is allowed, in agreement with the Gosstroy of the USSR, to publish and distribute standard design documentation by design organizations that are the authors of this documentation. CITP and design organizations that distribute standard design documentation are responsible for the quality and timing of its publication and distribution.
5.2. Publication and distribution of standard project documentation is carried out according to preliminary requests and current orders of organizations. The term for the execution of orders for standard design documentation, information about which is published in the Information of the UK, should not exceed three months from the date of receipt of orders.
5.3. Design organizations should systematically revise the standard project documentation developed by them, taking into account the changes that have occurred in the requirements of regulatory documents for capital construction and ensuring the improvement of production technology, space-planning and design solutions.
5.4. Cancellation of outdated standard design documentation, as well as the extension of its validity period, is carried out by the authorities that approved this documentation.
Copies of documents on the cancellation or extension of the standard project documentation are sent to the CITP for publication of the decisions made in the Information of the UK.
6.1. The applied standard projects (standard design solutions) of enterprises, buildings, structures must be tied to a specific construction site, taking into account the characteristics of this site and the construction area. Binding of standard projects (standard design solutions) is carried out during the development of working documentation for construction. As part of the construction project, catalog sheets of standard projects selected for use (standard design solutions) are provided.
6.2. When linking standard projects (standard design solutions), design organizations must:
determine the coordinates and marks of parts of buildings and structures;
clarify the dimensions, depth of laying and constructive solutions of the foundations, develop constructive additional measures necessary for the hydrogeological conditions of the construction site;
clarify solutions for basement or basement floors of buildings, as well as junctions of tunnels, galleries and other similar structures, depending on the relief of the construction site;
to develop junctions of internal networks of water supply, sewerage, heating, power supply and communications, as well as transport devices and communications - to external ones;
based on the climatic conditions of the area, construction, check the compliance of the resistance to heat transfer of enclosing structures with regulatory requirements and, if necessary, clarify the decisions made on enclosing and load-bearing building structures, as well as the number and type of heating devices and ventilation devices;
clarify the scope of work and determine the estimated cost of construction, taking into account local conditions and prices.
6.3. Design organizations, in addition to performing work on binding, must make the necessary changes to standard designs (standard design solutions) in cases where the equipment, structures and products provided for in them are discontinued, and the provisions and requirements of regulatory documents are changed.
It is allowed, with the permission of the ministry (department) - the developer, and for agricultural facilities - the Ministry of Agriculture of the USSR, to make changes to the associated standard projects (standard design solutions) associated with the use of more advanced technological processes, high-performance equipment and means of mechanization and automation, improvement of planning and design solutions (using typical building structures and products included in territorial catalogs, as well as departmental catalogs for specialized types of construction), blocking production, using industrial construction methods that reduce costs and improve the technical and economic indicators of construction projects.
It is not allowed to make changes to standard projects that require their processing. In these cases, in the prescribed manner, individual projects are developed.
6.4. In the reference materials of a standard project (standard design solution), design organizations must provide justifications for the changes being made, as well as data on the results of a comparison of the technical and economic indicators of the applied and corrected standard project (standard design solution).
Information about the binding of standard projects (standard design solutions) is submitted to CITP in accordance with GOST 21.202-78.
6.5. Design organizations are responsible for the correct choice of a standard project (standard design solution) for binding, the quality of documentation made using standard projects (standard design solutions), its compliance with the modern level of science and technology, the requirements of norms and rules of construction and technological design, standards, safety regulations and explosion and fire safety.
6.6. In the working drawings for the construction of buildings and structures, references should be made to the applied standard building structures, products and assemblies, indicating the designation of the corresponding working drawings of products, assemblies.
If, according to the conditions of application, it is required to make changes to the working drawings of standard products (for example, to provide for the installation of additional embedded products), then as part of the working documentation for the construction of the facility, drawings containing additions and changes to the working drawings, and the specification of the applied standard products must be made.
The modified products are assigned brands of the applied standard products with the addition of an alphabetic or numeric index.
6.7. Binding of standard projects (standard design solutions) after six months from the date of publication of information about their cancellation in the Information of the UK is not allowed.
In the event that in the next year, after the year of cancellation of the previously linked standard project (standard design solution), construction was not started, a new valid standard project (standard design solution) introduced to replace the canceled one should be linked.
The task for the development of a standard project (standard design solution) must be drawn up in accordance with the provisions of this Instruction and contain the following initial data:
2. Basis for development.
3. Name of the leading design organization and design organizations involved in the development; distribution of work among them.
4. Staged development.
5. Deadline for submission for approval and name of the approving authority.
6. Purpose of the object, its composition and main characteristics:
power, capacity, throughput or other indicators, the range and volume of production of products (including those produced by assimilation), requirements for its quality.
7. Requirements for technology and methods of organizing production.
8. Characteristics of raw materials and fuel.
9. Requirements for the mechanization and automation of production processes and the reduction of manual labor costs.
10. Requirements for the treatment of industrial effluents, neutralization and disposal of production waste, the use of secondary energy resources, requirements for the protection of the natural environment.
11. Construction and operation conditions (including climatic and soil conditions, special requirements for temperature and humidity conditions and indoor air cleanliness, sound pressure level, etc.).
12. Conditions for energy supply, gas supply, heat supply (type, parameters and cost of the heat carrier), water supply, sewerage.
13. Task on the use of scientific and technological achievements in the field of technology, equipment, building structures and materials.
14. Assignment for the main technical and economic indicators of the designed enterprise, building and structure.
15. Requirements for architectural, artistic, space-planning solutions, blocking conditions (for the corresponding types of buildings, structures, enterprises).
Instructions for the unification of parameters, structures and products.
Requirements for a constructive solution, the maximum mass of elements of prefabricated structures, for materials of load-bearing and enclosing structures, for finishing.
16. Conditions for determining the estimated cost.
17. Requirements for the development of variants of a standard project (standard design solution) or its sections, as well as individual solutions on a competitive basis.
18. Instructions on the need for preliminary approval of individual design decisions with interested departments and organizations.
19. The composition of additional initial data issued by the customer to the lead design organization and the lead design organization - co-executors.
20. Special development conditions, including requirements for civil defense measures.
The assignment for the development of a typical project must be drawn up in accordance with the provisions of this Instruction and contain the following initial data:
1. Full name of the standard project (standard design solution).
2. Basis for development.
3. Name of the design organization.
4. Staged development.
5. Scope of standard design documentation, indicating the construction and climatic regions and data of the conditional construction area, in relation to which standard documentation should be developed.
6. Town-planning purpose of the building, structure.
Types of residential buildings (number of floors, number of block sections, etc.), purpose and types of public service enterprises built into residential buildings, their estimated cost, capacity, throughput.
Purpose and types of public buildings, their estimated cost, capacity or throughput, composition and area of premises, working area and construction volume of buildings.
10. Guidelines for determining the estimated cost of construction and analysis of technical and economic indicators of the project.
11. Instructions on the need:
development of options for design solutions;
coordination of design decisions with interested departments and organizations (for public buildings);
implementation of additional documentation (demonstration materials) as part of the project (working draft).
12. Requirements for civil defense measures.
Note. Clauses 7 and 9 should specify the requirements for the use of scientific and technological achievements.
The task for the development of drawings of standard building structures, products and assemblies must be drawn up in accordance with the provisions of this Instruction and contain the following initial data:
1. Full name of the developed drawings.
2. Basis for development.
3. Name of the leading design organization and design, research and other organizations involved in the development; distribution of work among them.
4. Staged development.
5. Deadline for submission for approval or approval; name of the approving (approving) authority.
6. Purpose and scope of building structures, products, components.
7. Basic parameters and characteristics of building structures, products, units.
8. Instructions for calculation and design.
9. Requirements for the unification and standardization of the parameters of elements of building structures and products.
10. Conditions for the manufacture of building structures, products.
11. Conditions of transportation, storage and installation of building structures, products.
12. Operating conditions of building structures, products and assemblies.
13. Requirements for technical and economic indicators and a list of analogues for comparison.
14. Terms of agreement. Indication of the need to coordinate drawings with organizations.
15. Task on the use of scientific and technological achievements.
I. Stage - project
1. General explanatory note containing: scope with the conditions for which standard documentation is being developed; information about architectural, planning and design solutions, solutions for engineering and technological equipment, building decoration; instructions for technical operation (for residential buildings); technical and economic indicators and other information.
2. Main drawings:
scheme of the general plan of the site (M 1:500, 1:1000);
facades, block section plans with examples of furniture arrangement for residential buildings (M 1:50, 1:100), floor plans (M 1:100, 1:200), sections by characteristic places.
3. Estimated documentation.
4. Additional documentation: demonstration material (the need for development is set by the development task).
II. Stage - working draft
1. General explanatory note containing: scope with the conditions for which standard documentation is being developed; information about architectural, planning and design solutions; solutions for engineering and technological equipment, building decoration; instructions on measures for technical operation (for residential buildings); technical and economic indicators and other information.
2. Drawings: scheme of the general plan of the site (M 1:500, 1:1000), facades, section plans with examples of furniture arrangement for residential buildings (M 1:500, 1:100), floor plans (M 1:100, 1 :200), sections in characteristic places.
3. Estimated documentation.
4. Additional documentation; demonstration material (the need for development, volume and form, is set by the task for development).
The above design estimates are submitted for examination and approval.
5. Scheme of the master plan with the drawing of objects of improvement and gardening of the site.
6. Main sets of working documentation of a building or structure: architectural and construction solutions (as a rule, separately below and above the 0.000 mark), technology (for public buildings), heating and ventilation, internal water supply, sewerage and gas pipelines, electrical equipment, communication and signaling devices , automation of engineering equipment systems (if necessary), etc.; working drawings of individual building products; technical documentation for operation (for residential buildings); custom specifications and questionnaires (if necessary), drawings of general views of non-standard structures and devices of engineering equipment systems of a building, structure.
Note. The need to perform additional material is established by the development task.
CONSOLIDATED ESTIMATE CALCULATION No. ____
To the standard project ________________________________________________________________
(name of the enterprise, complex or individual buildings and structures)
Compiled in prices of 19___
|
No. of estimates and calculations |
Name- |
Estimated cost, thousand rubles |
Technical and economic indicators |
|||||||
|
construction works |
installation work |
equipment, furniture and inventory |
other expenses |
unit |
number of units |
unit cost |
||||
|
______________________________________________ |
OBJECT ESTIMATE No. _____
(object cost estimate)
|
No. of estimates (estimated |
Name of works and costs |
Estimated cost, |
Feasibility studies |
||||||||||
|
construction works |
installation work |
equipment, furniture and inventory |
other expenses |
including |
normative conditionally pure products |
unit |
number of units |
unit cost |
|||||
|
basic salary |
machine operation |
||||||||||||
Notes: 1. Funds for the construction of temporary buildings and structures, additional costs for the performance of work in the winter and other limited costs are not included in the object estimate for a standard project.
2. If there is a consolidated estimate calculation, objective estimates are not signed by the director (chief engineer) of the design organization.
3. Columns 9-11 of the object estimate are filled in when linking a standard project to local construction conditions, as well as when developing a standard project intended for use in a particular city or district.
Data on columns 9-11 in the object estimate calculation of the project is not given.
LOCAL ESTIMATE No. _____
(local budget calculation)
|
No. of enlarged estimated norms, unit prices, codes of norms of SNIP, etc. |
Name of works and costs |
unit of measurement |
Number of units |
Unit cost, rub. |
Total cost, rub. |
||||
|
normative conditionally pure products |
including |
||||||||
|
basic salary |
machine operation |
||||||||
|
including wage |
|||||||||
Chief Project Engineer __________________________________
(signature, initials, surname)
Boss ____________________ ___________________________
(name of department) (signature, initials, surname)
Initial data:
Checked _________________________________________________
(position, signature, initials, surname)
Perforation:
prepared by ________________________________________________
(position, signature, initials, surname)
checked _______________________________________________
(position, signature, initials, surname)
|
______________________________________________ |
LOCAL ESTIMATE No. _____
(local budget calculation)
|
No. of enlarged estimated norms, unit prices, codes of norms of SNiP, etc. |
Name of works and costs |
unit of measurement |
Number of units |
Unit cost, rub. |
Total cost, rub. |
||||||
|
including |
including |
normative conditionally pure products |
|||||||||
|
basic salary |
machine operation |
basic salary |
machine operation |
||||||||
|
including salary |
|||||||||||
SUMMARY
scope and cost of work to the local estimate No. _______
|
Name- |
unit of measurement |
Number of units |
Estimated cost, rub. |
Regulatory conditional |
Specific |
||||||||||
|
direct costs |
Overheads |
planned savings |
All- |
including |
in overhead costs, % of the amount for gr. 7 |
in planned savings, % of the cost for gr. ten,. eleven |
In total, according to the data of 10, 11, 12, 13 |
||||||||
|
basic salary |
Machine operation |
||||||||||||||
|
including salary |
|||||||||||||||
|
price |
|||||||||||||||
Note: With a small number of sections and positions in the local estimate, section. (2-3 sections) a summary of the scope and cost of work may not be compiled, with summing up all the results directly at the end of the estimate. A summary of the scope and cost of work is also not compiled at the “project” stage. 2. Columns 7, 8, 10, 11 and 12 of the local estimate and 10, 11, 12, 13 and 14 of the summary of the scope and cost of work are filled in when linking a standard project to local construction conditions, as well as when developing a standard project intended for use in specific city or region. At the project stage, data on columns 7, 8, 10, 11 and 12 of the local budget calculation are not provided.
(type of equipment and works)
Compiled in prices of 19___.
Including:
a) equipment ___________ thousand rubles.
b) installation work _______ thousand rubles.
Regulatory conditionally net production _______________ thousand rubles.
Estimated indicators
Cost for:
unit of account
(power, capacity,
productivity, etc.) ___ rub.
1 m3 of building volume __________ rub.
|
Code and item number of the price list, USN, price tag, etc. |
Name and characteristics of equipment and installation works |
unit of measurement |
Quantity |
total weight |
Equipment cost (rub.) |
The total cost of installation work (rub.) |
|||
|
unit cost of installation work (rub.) |
gross |
per unit |
including |
||||||
|
including normative conditionally pure products |
basic salary |
machine operation |
|||||||
|
salary |
|||||||||
|
Spare Parts__________________________________ Total_______________________________________ Container and packaging _________________________________ Total_______________________________________ Fare___________________________ Total_______________________________________ Total_______________________________________ Complete set (from the total with spare parts) ______________ Total equipment_____________________________ Total_______________________________________ Total (equipment and installation work)_________ Incl. normative conditionally net production ___________________________________________ |
Chief Project Engineer ___________________ ___________________________________________________ (signature, initials, surname) Head of Department_______________ name (signature, ___________________________________________ initials, surname) Initial data compiled by __________________________________ checked _________________________________ Perforation: prepared by ______________________________ (position, signature, initials, surname) checked ________________________________ (position, signature, initials, surname) Note: Regulatory conditionally clean production is determined when linking a standard project to local construction conditions, as well as when developing a standard project intended for use in a particular city or district. |
|
______________________________________________ |
Form 7 |
LOCAL ESTIMATE No. _____
(local budget calculation)
|
To the standard project __________________________________________________ (name of the enterprise, complex or individual buildings and structures) for the purchase of ___________________________________________________________ (type of equipment and works) |
|
|
Base: Specification No. _______ Compiled in prices of 19___. |
Estimated cost ________ thousand rubles. Including: a) equipment _______ thousand rubles. b) installation work _____ thousand rubles. Normative conditionally net products _______________ thousand rubles Estimated indicators Cost for: unit of account (power, capacity, productivity, etc.) ___ rub. 1 m3 of the total area of the building ___ rub. 1 m3 of building volume __________ rub. |
|
Cipher and |
Name- |
Unit |
If- |
Unit cost, rub. |
Total cost, rub. |
|||||||||
|
gross |
equip- |
installation work |
equip- |
installation work |
||||||||||
|
including |
including |
|||||||||||||
|
go- |
basic salary |
machine operation |
basic salary |
machine operation |
||||||||||
|
including |
salary |
|||||||||||||
|
Total_______________________________________ Spare parts_________________________________ Total_______________________________________ Container and packaging ________________________________ Total_______________________________________ Fare Total_______________________________________ Procurement and storage costs Total_______________________________________ Complete set (from the total with spare parts) _____________ Total equipment _________________________ Wage variances__________________ Materials not included in the price tags _______________ Total_______________________________________ Planned savings ___________________________ Total (columns 12 and 13) Incl. normative conditionally net production ___________________________________________ |
Chief Project Engineer ________________________ (signature, initials, surname) Boss _____________________________________ Name department __________________________________________ (signature, initials, surname) Compiled by _______________________________________ (position, signature, initials, surname) Believed _______________________________________ (position, signature, initials, surname) Note: Regulatory conditionally clean production is determined when linking a standard project to local construction conditions, as well as when developing a standard project intended for use in a particular city or district. Labor costs, man/hour Salary, rub. Construction machines, rub. Plumbing Labor costs, man/h Salary, rub. Construction machines, rub. Installation work (separate installation of technological equipment, electrical, instrumentation and automation, etc.) Labor costs, man/h Salary, rub. Construction machines, rub. Other works (communications, radio, etc.) Labor costs, man/h Salary, rub. Construction machines, rub. Labor costs, man/h Salary, rub. Construction machines, rub. |
Boss ____________________ ___________________________
(name of department) (signature, initials, surname)
Compiled by __________________________________________________
(position, signature, initials, surname)
Checked _________________________________________________
(position, signature, initials, surname)
Note. In the working design and working documentation, summary bills of materials are compiled in the main sets of working drawings in accordance with GOST 21.109-80.
The composition of data and technical and economic indicators should include:
1. Name of the enterprise, building, structure.
2. Basic technical and economic data and indicators (in comparison with analogues).
Capacity (annual volume of marketable products, capacity, throughput, volume of services, etc.) in units of account and million rubles.
Number of employees (for production facilities), people;
including workers:
Total area (working area, usable area for residential and public buildings), m2; building area, m2; construction volume of buildings, m3.
Estimated cost (total), thousand rubles, including construction and installation works; total estimated cost per unit of account, rub.
The cost of the calculated unit of production (for production facilities, rubles)
Labor productivity (annual output per worker), thousand rubles
Consumption of basic energy resources (thermal and electric energy) per unit of account.
Construction labor costs, man/hour per unit of account; for 1 million rubles construction and installation works.
Consumption of basic building materials (cement, metal, timber): per unit of account; for 1 million rubles construction and installation works.
3. Evaluation of the quality of the project (working draft) with its justification.
4. Instructions for the development of working documentation.
5. Validity period of a standard project (standard design solution).
EXPLANATION OF CITP GOSSTROY OF THE USSR TO POINT 6.7
"INSTRUCTIONS FOR TYPICAL DESIGN" CH-227-82
1. Binding of the canceled standard design documentation of enterprises, buildings and structures can be carried out within 6 months after its cancellation.
2. When binding, changes should be made related to bringing the documentation in accordance with the modern requirements of directive and regulatory documents.
3. Construction according to the attached standard project documentation of enterprises, buildings and structures must be started no later than the next year after its cancellation.
4. After 6 months from the date of publication in the “Information on Standard Design Documentation”, standard design documentation of enterprises, buildings and structures will be distributed (until it is replaced) with the possibility of using only as auxiliary materials for design without the right to bind.
At the same time, inclusion in an individual project of any materials of a canceled standard project with a binding stamp and references to materials of a canceled standard project are not allowed.
It used to be that the DVR could only be used in cars. But today, many people attach such devices to their homes for security purposes.
The digital recorder should be viewed as a mechanism with limited expandability. Unlike network devices that only work when connected to other mechanisms, the instrument is not capable of recording from IP cameras.
There are several classes of data mechanisms that are designed for different purposes. That is why it is important to know which HD DVR to choose for your purposes, and what characteristics it should have.
The compression format in registrars of this category in most cases depends on their class. For example, the most budget options use the frame-by-frame MJPEG format. A recording made in this format is usually large in size. The archive depth will be much less, which is not very good for registrars of this class.
The most used resolution today is CIF, although since 2010 many developers have started using Econom-DVR with a resolution of 704x288. Every day the number of technical devices that support this resolution is only growing.
Often there are non-standard resolution options on the markets, but they are not in demand. An example of this would be 640x272.
The recording speed in budget options for DVRs can range from 25 to 100 fps in CIF format. If you explain in simple terms, then at a shooting speed of 50 fps, with a hard disk capacity of 500 GB, the device will be able to shoot for approximately 5-7 days without interruptions and interruptions in its work.
The settings of budget DVRs are usually modest and depend on the channel. When purchasing such a gadget, you should be prepared for the fact that the video quality will not always be ideal.
The HD Portable DVR can function successfully based on 3 basic recording modes:
It is most advantageous to use an auto-registrar that works on the basis of the latter mode. It is the most economical. The amount of memory in this case is consumed slowly, and the recording is activated even when the lighting changes. Experts recommend using this digital recorder in domestic conditions.
You should not give preference to such registrars if you want to purchase a cheap option. Most often, such mechanisms cease to work for movement very soon. At the same time, devices of this category are vulnerable to external influences.
Registrars with a specific work schedule are usually used for shops, banks, offices, etc. The management of companies in this way tries to fix everything that happens, for example, during working hours. Indeed, a good option for businesses that want to control everything that happens in the company. This is a tool to ensure the safety of employees and property of the organization.
Continuous recording mode is the highest quality method that will capture absolutely everything.
The only drawback of such mechanisms is that the recorder quickly consumes all the device's memory.
Often found, which is triggered by the slightest rustle. But such models have a lot of shortcomings, so they were valued on the market for such goods at least 10 years ago.
Car DVR DVR-227 instructions for use indicate that the basic functions are not always enough to get the desired result. In this case, additional functions help.
One of these features is the presence or absence of an audio channel. If the device has at least 1 connected channel, then the camera will be able to voice the picture. This is very important if the image needs to be used in a court proceeding. This function is available, for example, in the DVR-H198.
Another additional useful feature is the presence of so-called alarm inputs. If the device has such a function, then the sensors will be triggered by the opening of the door, the occurrence of a fire, a flood, etc. Non-standard situations also activate the gadget.
Another feature in demand today is Internet support. Thanks to this feature, the owner of the registrar can view online everything that happens that the registrar records. Access to these devices can be obtained both from a PC and from a mobile phone. This function has a registrar model DVR-127.
Large LCD touch screen and impressive range of options
To everyone who constantly deals with printing equipment, the name of the company Konica Minolta well known. However, reviews of models from this manufacturer on the pages of our section have not been seen for a long time, so we took the offer to get acquainted with one of the multifunctional devices with interest, especially since it was one of the new devices - color, and even A3 format. We were provided with an MFP Konica Minolta bizhub C227, which on the official website is characterized as "the ideal solution for a small office." Perhaps the mention of a small office appeared here only as a result of not too high performance (up to 22/14 ppm for A4 / A3), while in terms of its potential capabilities, implemented using a set of options, the device is able to compete on equal terms with models from the top product segments of different manufacturers. Moreover, the company also offers a somewhat more "quick-firing" device - bizhub C287, in which the A4 print speed is increased to 28 ppm.
The main characteristics declared by the manufacturer are given in the table:
| Main characteristics of the Konica Minolta bizhub C227 MFP | |
| Functions | Color and monochrome: print, copy, scan, fax (option) |
| Print technology | Electrostatic laser, indirect transfer |
| Dimensions (H × W × D), mm (base unit) | 735×585×660 specification 775×570×680 according to our measurement |
| Weight (net), kg | 72 without additional devices and toner |
| Power supply | 220–240V AC, 50/60 Hz, max 1.6 kW |
| Screen | color touch LCD, diagonal 7" / 17.8 cm |
| Standard Ports | USB 2.0 (Type B) for computer USB 2.0 (Type A) for removable media Ethernet 10/100/1000 |
| Print Resolution | 1800(equivalent)×600dpi, physical 600×600 dpi |
| Print speed (color and b/w) A4 one-sided | 22ppm |
| Supported operating systems | Microsoft Windows, Apple Mac OS X, Linux |
| Monthly load (A4) recommended maximum | 10000 pages/month 19000 pages/month |
| Warranty (standard) | 1 year or 50,000 prints (which comes first) |
| average price | T-13226979 |
| Retail offers | L-13226979-10 |
| Full specifications of the Konica Minolta bizhub C227 MFP | |
The basic configuration or machine body is a printer-copier-scanner equipped with two 500-sheet paper drawers and a 100-sheet side manual feeder, with duplex, Gigabit Ethernet and USB interfaces (both for connecting to a computer and for working with removable media), LCD touch screen, 2 GB RAM and 250 GB hard drive. The kit includes panel stickers according to the region of sale, a number of paper information materials with basic information, as well as a software disk with more detailed instructions in electronic form.
To start working, you will have to buy CMYK toner cartridges and find a standard power cable in stock, as well as interface cables (USB, LAN) - they are not included in the kit. Cables can also be purchased from a supplier, and for a very reasonable fee. In addition, you should think about whether you need an automatic document feeder or you can get by with a regular cover for the scanner - both are options that are not included in the basic configuration.
All other additional components and modules, which will be discussed below, are supplied in accordance with the wishes of a particular customer; there are no official standard configurations other than the basic one described above. True, dealers can make some kits on their own, therefore, when comparing retail prices, first find out exactly what they are talking about: perhaps a more expensive offer implies not only a machine body, but also, for example, a set of toner cartridges .
As usual, we will talk a little about information support.
In general, the presentation of information on the site konicaminolta.ru we liked it, and above all the business style of presentation - the information is mostly useful, there are a minimum of advertising phrases. There is a direct download link, and without unnecessary wandering through the intermediate pages of the site, you can download drivers (for different operating systems, and both the latest and slightly older versions are offered), other software, as well as instructions and other information materials in Russian in PDF format. There is a link to an online version of the user guide, more complete than the PDF files, but in English.
True, there is either no information (like the values \u200b\u200bof the maximum and recommended monthly operating hours, but everything we needed was provided to us at the first request at the company representative office), or we have to look for them - and this mainly concerns information about the warranty, consumables and options, so let's take a closer look at these points.
The warranty period for all manufactured models is 12 months, but the end of the warranty is also related to one more factor - the total volume of printing. This has become commonplace and is found in a variety of manufacturers of printing equipment.
Naturally, each device has its own “warranty mileage”, and information about this is in the summary table on the “Service and Support - Warranty” page of the official website (just be careful: there are both bizhub C227 and bizhub 227, these are different models). For the MFP of the series we are considering, the warranty print volume is as follows: for the C227 - 50 thousand prints (in terms of A4), for the C287 - 70 thousand, and the warranty will end after such an operating time, even if a year has not passed since the date of purchase.
If desired, the owner can also receive an extended warranty - of course, for an additional fee.
First of all, these include TN-221 toner cartridges (a letter is added to this index in accordance with the color):
Dealers can also offer an economical set of four CMYK toner cartridges, which will cost a little less than buying separately.
The imaging units for black and the other three colors are different. For cyan, magenta and yellow, they are completely replaceable Imaging Unit modules (imaging units IU-214C, IU-214M and IU-214Y for 29,030 rubles each) with a resource of 70,000 prints. For black, the replacement situation is more humane: after every 80,000 prints, you will have to change the Drum Unit (DR-214K photoconductor, 11,030 rubles), and only after 600,000 has been used, you will also need to replace the developer (this is not the name of the powder itself in the Russian-language section , and the Developing Unit marked DV-214K, the price is 8475 rubles). There is one more detail - the waste toner box Waste Toner Box (A8JJWY1), it is replaced after about 22 thousand prints.
All this is quite available in Russian retail.
This is where the list of consumables ends, but there are still nodes that are recommended to be replaced after a certain operating time, fixed by the counters available in the MFP, and the replacement is not done by the user, but by a service center specialist. Here is a scan of the report printed by us from the menu of the device:
With the translation into Russian and the choice of fonts, not everything is fine here, but the main thing is quite possible to understand. Firstly, for some nodes, not only the operating time in prints is calculated, but also the Rotation Time. Specialists understand the reason for this approach, but we will not dwell on this and will only say that the replacement will have to be made according to the limit that comes earlier - by prints and by time (unfortunately, we did not find the values for replacement by Rotation Time in the official materials ).
Secondly, sooner or later, some parts will also have to be replaced, the replacement frequency was told to us at the company representative office:
The third node is replaced with the second, so they are shipped together.
The scan also mentions an ozone filter, but this model simply does not have it - apparently, the line was “inherited” from an older model, the firmware of which was taken as a basis when developing the firmware for the C227.
The number of different options that can be equipped with an MFP can be called impressive, even if we were talking about much more productive devices.
It makes no sense to give a complete list of them in the review - with the necessary explanations, it would take up too much space. In addition, the installation of many additional devices requires connection modules or mounting kits, which are supplied separately, since they are common to several different options, in addition, sometimes the ability to connect one device may be associated with the indispensable presence of another, or the presence of one option excludes the installation of another.
Therefore, we will only indicate the directions for expanding the functionality of bizhub C227, and the specific list of necessary items should be checked with the dealer or in the company's reference materials. The two options we have already mentioned are the OC-514 Scanner Cover and the DF-628 Reversing Automatic Feeder (they are obviously mutually exclusive).
There are four options for pedestals equipped with wheels and differing in the presence and number of additional trays, as well as their capacity. With appropriate selection, the maximum paper capacity of the trays can be increased to 3,600 sheets.
The next class of options are finishing devices, from the smallest one placed in the output tray of the MFP to external devices that actually double the area required to accommodate the device. They will provide various types of perforation or stapling of prepared documents, folding sheets (in half or under an envelope), bookleting, as well as sorting and separating output jobs. Another important feature of finishers is that they are high capacity output trays.
There are also options that are less noticeable in their dimensions: for example, a 2 GB UK-201 RAM expansion module, with which it becomes possible to install various software modules - from barcode printing support to additional data protection Trusted Platform Module.
The FK-513 fax card is also an option, and we consider this a very reasonable approach: many MFPs from different manufacturers have a fax included in the basic configuration, so when buying it, you have to pay for it even for those who do not need this function at all.
It is also possible to connect various kinds of authentication devices, including AU-102 for scanning the capillary pattern of a finger.
We will mention some options later.
The documentation mentions an optional Wi-Fi 802.11b / g / n module (or Wireless LAN Interface Kit), but it is not yet delivered to Russia.
The external differences in any MFP of this class come down mainly to the shape and color of the external plastic panels, and the basis has long become the same (of course, in terms of layout, and not in terms of design details): retractable feed trays adjoin the printing unit from below - in our case, they two, on the right is the manual feed tray. A scanner hangs over the block, and printed sheets come out in the gap in the longitudinal direction - this is the receiving tray.
The manual feed tray can be used to print on paper up to 120 cm long, and if you need to print such banners regularly, you can order a special optional tray BT-C1e.
On the right side there is also a large door, behind which is part of the paper path. Access there will be required for maintenance or to remove a jammed sheet.
Another door, hinged, is located in front, above the front trays. It covers the places where consumables are installed.
Naturally, each manufacturer uses his own color, "proprietary". Konica Minolta has chosen a combination of milky white and black (or very dark gray) for bizhub models, only some elements may have a lighter gray color.
There are few glossy surfaces, but, as often happens, they are made in the most unfortunate place: on the control panel. The controls - a color LCD touch screen and several buttons - are located on an inclined surface on the right side of the MFP, where there is a vertically elongated ledge.
The screen itself is extremely large, its diagonal is 7 inches or almost 18 centimeters. It is made using resistive technology, that is, it perceives pressing not only with a finger, but also with a stylus or other object with a thin tip, which makes it possible to make the size of some icon buttons small enough - it would be difficult to get into them with a finger.
The "multi-touch" mode is supported (for two touch points exactly, we checked), dragging and dropping menu items is also possible. And it makes no sense to be upset by the shorter service life of resistive panels than that of capacitive screens - anyway, it will last with a margin for the entire possible period of operation of the MFP (unless, of course, there is mechanical damage).
Another interesting feature of the LCD panel is that the background image, color palette, etc. can be personalized, even substitute your own 800x480 PNG image. Here is an example with a funny elephant:
Details can be found in the online manual.
The stylus is included, it even has a slot on the left side surface of the ledge. Of course, if you lose the standard stylus, you can replace it with any stick, as long as it fits comfortably in your hand, and its tip is not too sharp and does not scratch the surface of the LCD panel.
The screen is surrounded by a black frame, and here it is made glossy. The right side of the frame forms a field on which there is an area for establishing a Bluetooth connection with NFC-compatible mobile devices, as well as two buttons: return to the "home" menu page and "Access", which is needed when the user identification function is enabled. And, although these are not the most frequently used buttons, the frame around them and around the screen quickly becomes covered with fingerprints. Naturally, the same thing happens with the screen itself, if you use your finger instead of the stylus, although the screen is more matte than glossy.
Thanks to the presence of the touch panel, the developers managed with a minimum number of buttons: in addition to the two mentioned, there are eight more, they are located in one row under the frame. Four of them are quite ordinary, they are larger: "Start", "Stop", "Reset" and "Power". For four more (they are smaller), functions can be assigned - for example, switching the screen to an enlarged image mode. The "Start" and "Power" buttons are backlit to show the current status of the machine. To the left of the screen, there is also an orange warning indicator that draws attention to situations that require attention.
Below the control panel, there are four more blue LEDs that blink when a job is received through a particular interface and stay on when a job is completed.
If it is more convenient for the user to use standard 12-button keypads - for example, to enter telephone numbers with a fax option, then you can install the corresponding additional module KP-101, which will be located to the right of the standard control panel.
In the same place, just a little lower, there is a USB port for connecting removable media.
The "Power" button controls the transfer of the MFP to power saving mode, and for complete shutdown there is a mechanical toggle switch located at the rear of the right side wall. The power connector is located on the rear wall, the cable connected to it protrudes beyond the dimensions of the device, but the ventilation grille at the back at the top will still not allow you to move the MFP close to a vertical surface.
The USB and LAN interface connectors are located in a small niche on the left rear. On the left side there is also a removable "pocket" in which you can put, for example, a set of reference materials for the operator.
We got the basic package, supplemented by an automatic document feeder DF-628 and a cabinet with two universal trays PC-214, equipped with wheels for easy movement of a heavy machine. For carrying or installing on a cabinet on the MFP itself, on the one hand, grooves are provided for gripping by hands, on the other hand, retractable handles; Naturally, two people should carry it.
I liked the pull-out trays - both regular and in the cabinet: the used skid system makes it easy to pull out and return even completely filled trays, and the latch handle ensures good fixation and easy opening. Perhaps the only remark: the plastic tray with its dimensions (after all, A3 format) turned out to be very “vociferous” - handling it is often accompanied by loud and not the most pleasant sounds.
Let's return to the screen once again: its brightness and contrast margin is quite sufficient to ensure comfortable work under almost any office lighting conditions, and pressure sensitivity never made us press the icon button with a finger or stylus many times, nor get nervous because for false positives.
Another thing is worse: the control panel of an MFP installed on any cabinet from the list of options turns out to be located quite high - we got about a meter from the floor to the screen, and the vertical viewing angles are not too great, and if you sit next to the device on an ordinary office chair or armchair, the image on the screen is seen much worse than from a standing position. In some variants of the location of the device relative to ceiling lamps, glare from them can also greatly interfere. And the panel itself is fixed rigidly, its angle of inclination cannot be changed.
But if the operator is standing next to the MFP, then there will be no such problems. However, even here a warning must be made: any of the mentioned cabinets should be classified as very necessary additions when ordering. The reason is simple: the device in the basic configuration is very high, when it is installed on a regular table, the screen and buttons will be at a height of about one and a half meters, and depending on the height, it will be either uncomfortable, or difficult, or simply impossible for a person to work with them. You can’t put it on the floor either - it’s too low (75 cm to the screen), you have to bend over.
To avoid problems with choosing a stand for an MFP, we recommend purchasing one of the cabinets, especially since the simplest of them - DK-514 (without trays, with wheels) - has a very affordable price. In addition to normal working height, it will provide ease of movement and will allow you to keep a supply of paper at hand.
The automatic feeder is reversible, that is, it allows you to automatically turn the sheet over. True, three passes of the sheet are required to scan both sides - the intermediate “blank” is just what is needed for the flip.
The design of the hinges allows you to securely fix the APO in two positions: open at about 70 and at 90 degrees. But even in almost any intermediate position, the automatic feeder cover does not fall, only the rear part of it does not rise to reduce flare at the edges when working with thick originals (books, binders). True, there is a software function to remove black "fields".
Here are the values that are useful when choosing the location of the MFP: with a fully open ADF, the height of the device in our configuration was about 157 cm, with an open 70 degrees - 153 cm. For an open side tray with A3 paper normally laid in it on the right, a minimum of 33 cm free space.
First, let's talk a little about our own MFP menu, considering it from the position of a person who first encountered equipment from the bizhub line.
The main functions are clear without a long “communication” with reference materials, but the abundance of additional features and various settings pleases only at first: in order not to even understand in detail, but at least to identify the most useful ones for yourself, you need to spend a lot of time. But there are also quite exotic functions, which we will mention later.
You must also be prepared for the fact that for some settings there are no separate items in the menu, and the transition to setting a value is carried out by double-clicking on any icon. So, for a long time we were looking for where the type of paper in the tray is set, but it turned out that the corresponding menu page in some modes opens at the stage of selecting the source of supply, either with a special button that appears there, or after double-clicking the tray icon with the stylus. On the one hand, this is very convenient - you don’t have to “wander” through the settings, getting to the right one, as in many other MFPs that have been with us (but, of course, you need to know about such a feature), but on the other hand, for some reason there is not for all modes, and sometimes you still have to make unnecessary manipulations with the on-screen menu.
The user can be completely sad if the device is equipped with a large number of options, and even with authentication tools: the set of features increases, but it becomes more difficult to manage them. Of course, nothing outrageous is required, only attentiveness, perseverance and a fair amount of time to study, and here we see the main "ambush" associated with the notorious human factor: employees of organizations most often cannot devote enough time to mastering the technique in detail (and sometimes they simply don’t want to bother with it), and even a fairly experienced user can get to the most obvious operations “with a swoop”, and the richest range of functions can often remain unclaimed for the most part.
It is clear that the above applies not only to the Konica Minolta bizhub MFP, but to any equipment of a similar level.
And it's good that in C227 the settings are divided into user and administrator. To access the latter, a special password is required, the default value of which is very simple, but also very long: 1234567812345678.
Let's also say that the menu allows you to create "programs" with the possibility of a quick call, giving them understandable names - for example, copying a passport in color. This will allow you not to make settings for frequently used operations every time.
Russification does not cause any particular complaints, but it was in general, and in the details that claims were found. Most of them can be called common to all devices with a somewhat developed menu: these are both illogical abbreviations and names that are sometimes impossible to understand without referring to the documentation. I must say that in the case of the bizhub C227, there is still not much of this, but you can also find fault with the “aesthetics”: the Russian translation often turns out to be longer than the English phrase, and then interface developers have to either make abbreviations (not always clear) or change fonts to accommodate more letters in a limited button area - this is basically what C227 did, but poorly chosen fonts sometimes affect readability.
All the necessary settings are also available from the copy screen - from the number of copies and scale to the choice of the tray and type of paper in it, and less commonly used ones - for example, poster mode (placing enlarged parts of the original on several sheets for subsequent gluing) and repeating a small original image on one sheet of copy.
There are also quite exotic modes, for example, copying using only one color, selected from almost two dozen:
There are also functions that are usually available only when printing from a computer: inserting a stamp (in the form of a date or some kind of inscription), watermarks, headers and footers.
Moreover, almost all of this "exotic" has parameters that can be adjusted over a wide range. Of course, the possibilities of a text or graphics editor are far away, but the number of options is by no means limited to one or two.
For example, we want to repeat a small image several times. Here you can choose options: automatic nesting with margins and without margins, as well as a specified number of repetitions - 2 (here you can define the repetition interval), 4 or 8. In some cases, the size of the original can be determined automatically, but if this does not happen, that is several options for setting it - from choosing from a set of standard paper sizes (office or photo) to directly entering the size with an accuracy of tenths of a millimeter.
You can also see an example in the gallery of scans.
Similar functions can be combined, but not always: for example, it will not work to combine an image repetition with an inscription - a corresponding warning will be issued.
And, of course, you can use the modes of operation with two sides of the original and / or copy, which is especially convenient with the optional automatic document feeder.
There are also settings related to quality. Of these, two are made operational - the buttons "Density" and "Original Type" (choice of 8 options) are placed in a number of basic settings:
A dozen more are called by pressing "Application - Color Correction", in the window that opens, you can adjust the brightness, contrast, color balance and other parameters.
This example also illustrates the approach of developers to the layout of icon buttons that set different modes and parameters. So, the most used ones are made large and are located in a horizontal row at the bottom of the copy page; to call additional functions and adjustments, you must press the on-screen button "Application", then another row of icons will appear at the top, and three forms of their display are possible.
Both rows have scrolling, performed either by pressing the corresponding arrow buttons or by "gestures" (finger or stylus).
To be honest, we haven't even mentioned a tenth of the copy-related software features. The same will happen when describing other modes: within the framework of our review, it is not even possible to simply list everything that the developers have put in place with minimal comments. And we are talking not only about the "finest" settings, which are often not needed even by system administrators, but also about the possibilities that may well be useful to the user, even if not to anyone and not every day.
The following requirements are imposed on removable USB drives: USB 2.0 / 1.1 compatibility (that is, USB 3.0 will also work, just the exchange speed will be lower than this standard allows), the FAT32 file system (and this is exactly it: exFAT is definitely not supported - checked; we don’t even remember about NTFS; it might have been possible to “communicate” with FAT16, but this file system is now very rarely used), lack of security features. There are no volume limits stated.
Moreover, the list of media is not limited to flash drives, although nothing is said about this in the instructions. At the very least, our multi-format SD card reader was accepted without any difficulties, but we cannot unequivocally state that the same will happen with any other card reader.
After connecting removable media, a page appears on the screen prompting you to choose the next action: print the file on it, save the document (that is, scan and burn to media), or overwrite the existing file in the user box (more on that later).
In addition, a tiny icon appears in a number of screen pages, including the “home” one, pressing which (you can’t hit it with a stylus because of its size) will again lead to a page with a choice of action.
part of the screen page, the arrow shows the icon for working with external media
File printout
The list of allowed file formats is very unusual - at least in comparison with models from other manufacturers that we have visited so far. In addition to the quite familiar PDF, JPEG and TIFF formats, the list of acceptable ones also includes OOXML (that is, MS Office formats - docx, xlsx and pptx), as well as XPS and PPML. The last two formats are not among the most common, in contrast to the "EMS office" files, which we are interested in working with.
And here I must say that miracles do not happen: to fully work with such files, you need a computer with an installed application. Our attempts to print a file of any of these three formats from a flash drive actually ended in failure - part of the information containing texts in Russian was lost on the print all the time. In addition, we are talking about formats with the last letter “x”, that is, those created in MS Office 2007 and higher, but simply doc, xls and ppt are not even displayed in the media content list.
We specially created an example file containing only two lines: in one set of Latin letters, in the other Cyrillic. On the printout, they received only the Latin alphabet, and with a different lettering. It may help to install the optional LK-107 Unicode support module (it also requires the UK-211 memory expansion), but this is just our guess. It is possible that even with this module in the document you will have to use Unicode fonts (there are such in the MS Office delivery), but no one will specially select fonts for offline printing with bizhub in documents, and it turns out that in Russian conditions it makes much sense to support OOXML is not. It cannot be ruled out that when using the Latin alphabet, some additional characters will be lost, and besides, there is no guarantee that the formatting of the document will be completely preserved (the fonts will almost certainly be different, and this is at least).
But with PDF, the situation is better: sometimes, due to a mismatch between the versions of this format supported by the device and used to create the file, something may be lost in the offline printout. As a rule, the user does not have the slightest idea about versions, and therefore this becomes an unpleasant surprise for him. We've got a couple of samples that were erratic when printed offline on many of the devices we've tested, but on the C227, they matched the original perfectly.
The media content list displays folders and files in supported formats. Cyrillic and long names are displayed normally. For printing, you can immediately select several files (but within the same folder), but double-clicking does not work here, after selecting a file, you must use the buttons on the page.
Viewing the file is not possible, you can only view brief information about it (format, creation/modification date, size in kilobytes). Another thing is worse: multi-page documents are printed only as a whole, individual pages cannot be selected.
The list of print settings is made according to the same principle as for copying: the main ones are available at the bottom, the additional ones are called by the "Application" button. There are already fewer possibilities: for example, only color or black-and-white printing is selected from the “quality” parameters, you can still add different stamps and, of course, set the number of copies, as well as output options - use trays (select the desired one, but do not override the paper type in it), duplex and, if available, finishing devices.
If the file being printed was in some folder, then after printing the screen will switch to showing the root directory of the media, which is not always convenient. You can cancel printing using the "Reset" button on the control panel, after which a page with a list of jobs will appear, and the one to be canceled must be selected and deleted.
Scan to removable media
Here you can choose the resolution - four gradations from 200 × 200 to 600 × 600 dpi, color - full color, grayscale, black, as well as auto-detect, the type of file to save - in addition to the usual JPEG, TIFF and PDF (these two can be multi-page), there is also XPS and even PPTX. In the advanced settings, you can set the size of the scanned area (from the list or directly, in millimeters; there is also auto-detection), the type of original (the same list as for copying), you can change the density, set background removal and frame erasing.
The file will be written to the root directory of the media, and the name can be set at the user's choice or used automatically generated.
Interestingly, with the LK-105 or LK-110 options, text recognition becomes available (of course, you can save the result not only to a flash drive). Moreover, the manufacturer claims support for recognizing all languages that are available for selection in the "Language" menu. In our copy, there were no such additions, so we will limit ourselves to mentioning this possibility.
Creating it is very simple - just enter a unique number in the corresponding menu item. After that, you can copy files from the connected removable media to the box so that you can later print, move, or copy to another box or other media. The box can also be used to store scanned documents.
Interestingly, the contents of the box can be displayed not only as a list of files, as for removable media, but also as a set of thumbnails that display the contents of the files.
Moreover, it is also possible to view images, including detailed ones, with several steps of magnification and the ability to move the “viewing focus” over the picture if it does not fit on the screen. For multi-page documents, pagination is also possible.
It is not clear why the developers considered this unnecessary for files on removable media.
Created mailboxes can be public (public) or personal (personal, with a password and authentication). There are also group boxes, also with authentication, as well as system boxes, which are used by the built-in software for temporary storage of files.
Of course, the capacity of the boxes is not infinite, the specification states a limit of “up to 3,000 documents or 10,000 pages”, which should be understood as follows: this is the total for all boxes, and with constant work with multi-page documents, they will save fewer.
The MFP can work together with mobile devices using the Android OS. The connection is made via the NFC (Near Field Communication) protocol, the touch zone is located to the right of the screen.
Your mobile device must have PageScope Mobile installed to allow you to scan and print documents.
If you install the optional EK-609 module, you can also work with iOS terminals that support Bluetooth LE. To work with the MFP, you will also need to install the application - Mobile for iPhone / iPad.
Mobile devices can also be used to identify the user.
We didn’t get the “branded” CD with the software, so we downloaded the drivers (Automatic Driver Installer v.3.1.7.0 dated February 15, 2016) from the official website, since we don’t have to look for the download section for a long time.
For USB connections of printers and MFPs, we always warn you about the procedure: first we start the installation of the software, and only upon request we connect the device to the computer with a cable. bizhub devices (at least C227/C287) are an exception in this regard: they must be connected before starting the setup program.
Of course, nothing terrible will happen if this is not done, just the MFP will not be detected at the next stage, and you will have to “roll back” a step back with the corresponding button in the installer window, connect and continue the process.
The choice of installed drivers is provided: PCL6, PS, XPS and FAX; we have abandoned the last two. In addition, you can select a language (including Russian) and set one of the default settings - one-sided or two-sided printing. No additional utilities are installed, except for uninstalling the print driver.
At the end, the default printer is selected (in our case, one of the two - PCL6 or PS, or, if available, you can leave some previously installed printer), you are given the opportunity to set the default settings and print a test page.
The PCL6 driver settings can be viewed in the screenshot gallery, here we will mention only a few of them. For PS, the settings are almost the same, the differences are minimal.
The settings interface is Russified, but the help called from it is given in English, which causes difficulties in comparing terms.
When setting the format, distinguish between the original format - it can be up to A0, and the paper size on which printing will be done: it is limited by the real capabilities of the MFP, that is, up to A3 inclusive. If the original size does not match the size of the selected paper, then scaling (reduction or enlargement) is required, which can be set automatically or manually.
In addition to immediate one-time printing, you can choose other methods, including secure printing - then you will need to enter a print ID and password on the computer, and the document will be printed only after entering these data in the corresponding menu item of the MFP. It is possible to store in one of the Custom Boxes, or to combine printing with storage.
You can define the layout: print from 2 to 16 pages of a document on one sheet with a reduction, or increase the output scale, dividing the pages into 4, 9 or 16 parts, each of which will be printed on a separate sheet for later gluing into a large poster.
When printing, you can add watermarks and "stamps", date / time, headers and footers.
Actually, all these features (or at least a significant part of them) are quite familiar from drivers of other printers from different manufacturers, but, as we have already said, it is quite unusual to see their implementation through firmware, without the participation of a computer.
Quality settings are divided into two parts. First, it is color: auto, grayscale, two-tone (a combination of black with one of six selectable colors), brightness, contrast, saturation, color balance and other settings. Secondly, the actual quality (only for PCL6): two gradations and three levels of image compression; the influence of these settings is small: at least on our test samples, we did not find any noticeable difference in prints made with different settings.
There is also such a setting as “Glossing Mode” (it is also present in the on-screen menu of the MFP, including for copying). The help explains: prints with a glossy finish, that is, prints with a glossy finish, but in reality, the purpose of the mode remains a mystery - when using ordinary office paper, there is no difference in the coating (at a glance and to the touch), besides, when glossing is turned on, a pronounced color mismatch.
Representative engineers confirmed the problem and explained: the reason for the mismatch is a "bug" in the firmware, but the situation has already been fixed - a new firmware has been released.
But with scanning with a local connection, the situation is worse. More precisely, this is not the case: there is no WIA driver at all, the TWAIN driver is available only for network scanning, so we will consider this function in the next section of the review.
First you need to make sure that in the administrator settings (TCP / IP) the correct way to determine the IP address is set - either using DHCP or by manually entering a set of parameters, including an address that is valid for your network.
The software installation procedure is the same as in the case of a USB connection, only the IP address will be displayed at the MFP search stage.
All settings available from the driver interfaces (we re-installed PCL6 and PS) are the same.
As usual, with a network connection, a web interface becomes available: it is enough to type the IP address of the MFP in the address bar of any browser. The choice of the Russian language in the web interface is not provided, we used English.
Here you can view the status of the device (including the readings of numerous counters that record a variety of actions) and consumables (all of which we have listed above), various settings, lists of current and completed tasks, inspect user boxes and their contents.
The "Direct Print" tab will allow you to directly print files from a computer without installing drivers on it, but here we are talking only about the file formats that we have listed for printing from USB media, and with the same limitations.
But only the information itself is presented to the public, and changing settings or performing any actions, except perhaps working with the contents of public boxes, will not work - this requires administrator access, the default password for which is the same as for administrator settings in the MFP menu (see above).
It is difficult to call the design of the web-interface advanced and very convenient, and there were calls to Russify it in relation to earlier bizhub models. But you can put up with this: usually, system administrators speak English at least at a level sufficient for such work, and in the overwhelming majority of cases, users just need to “communicate” with the settings in the driver. The other thing is worse: there are a lot of all kinds of sections, items and settings in the web interface, and many of them can hardly be classified even as “limitedly applicable”, and not only as “urgently necessary”, and it will not be easy even for an experienced specialist to thoroughly deal with them because it will take a lot of time. But, in fact, we expressed similar claims to other devices of a similar class that we visited.
So far, nothing out of the ordinary has been found. But there is still something interesting: on the home page of the on-screen menu of the MFP there is an icon for calling a full-fledged web browser, which allows you not only to “surf” the Internet, but also print website pages and files using links, save bookmarks, use a proxy server, JavaScript, cache and cookies (for some settings, you will need to enter an administrator password). Gestures are supported in controlling the display of web pages, and multiple tabs can be opened in the browser window.
Why the developers decided on such an "excess" is hard to say. It is quite possible that this is quite a common phenomenon for bizhub equipment, but we did not see anything like this in devices from other manufacturers that we visited. However, since the size and capabilities of the screen allow, why not pamper the user with access to Internet resources? In particular, in case of difficulties, it will be possible to read the online manual on the company's website without running to the nearest computer; the convenience of using Internet materials will be exactly the same as when working with a large smartphone or an average tablet.
True, to activate the browser, you will have to register a license on the LMS server, which is not difficult: the procedure is described in the quick guide. If the use of the built-in browser at some point is considered unacceptable, then it can always be disabled in the settings.
A less exotic, but quite useful function for a network device is sending notifications about various kinds of events: the paper has run out or jammed, it is necessary to replace the toner or some resource spare parts. About all this, you can set up alerts to several different e-mail addresses.
Now let's start dealing with the TWAIN driver. The instruction refers to the CD from the kit, but we did not get it; In the Russian section of the company's website, we did not find the scanning driver at first, we had to use the page for the UK. It turned out that the scan driver can also be obtained on the Russian-language page "Downloads", you just need to select English, since the driver's interface has not been translated into Russian.
Two TWAIN drivers were found, one with the HDD mark, and the second with RTM (these marks are also in the tips on the Downloads / Downloads page, and in the file names). Downloaded and installed both, got two lines in the list of available devices:
The second line corresponds to the driver labeled RTM, which we started with.
When starting a scan from any application, the first step is to search for equipment with the issuance of a list, which, of course, consisted of one line:
The settings in the driver window are quite familiar: the choice of the location of the original (glass or ADF), one- or two-sided scanning (the second, of course, is available only for ADF), big list original sizes from among standard formats (within the capabilities of the MFP, that is, up to A3), three color modes - black and white, grayscale and full color, resolution (five steps from 100 to 600 dpi) and scaling.
A little unusual is the setting of the original orientation:
There is also a preview window, but this feature is only available for scanning from the glass, which is quite logical.
There is a set of tools for image preprocessing:
It also includes "fine adjustments" for brightness, contrast, color, and so on.
The HDD TWAIN driver provides access to images stored in custom boxes rather than scanning. Therefore, when you select this driver in the application, after the search and selection of equipment mentioned for RTM TWAIN, you will first be asked for the box number (and password, if it is set):
Then a list of the graphic files in the box will be displayed:
Moreover, either a list or a set of icons can be displayed:
You can set some actions for the selected image:
Pay attention to the existing note: some actions cannot be applied if they contradict the parameters of the original image, which is quite understandable - if, for example, when scanning to a box, a resolution of 200 × 200 dpi was set, then it will not be possible to increase it to 600 × 600 dpi.
After clicking "Acquire", the image will appear in the application window.
Here we will talk about scanning from the MFP control panel and saving the result to a network resource. Actually, the set of network scanning options is quite familiar to many devices of this class that we have visited. It, in particular, includes the transmission of a scan:
Naturally, in each case, you will have to pre-set the appropriate parameters using the built-in menu or the web interface (you will have to log in with an administrator password).
Sending addresses can be entered manually, or you can use pre-generated address books.
Readiness after switching on: 18 seconds (declared no more than 20 seconds). As you can see, the device starts up very quickly, but various operations, accompanied by the corresponding sounds of working mechanisms, last much longer - about 2:10 minutes, and during this time some operations may be unavailable.
1:1 color original copy speed (calculated from 10 pages; plain paper, printed text/photo original type).
The maximum single-sided copying speeds declared in the specifications (22 and 14 ppm for A4 / A3) are much higher than the values \u200b\u200bthat we received, but the difference in measurement methods may well affect here. Double-sided copying speed is not specified in the specification.
There is no automatic document feeder priority in this model: if there is an original on the glass, then to work with the ADF it will have to be removed - a corresponding warning will be issued.
When the scanning stage is completed, you can start preparing another job - set parameters, number of copies, etc.
Since we rarely get printers with a large number of trays, and even allow us to feed A4 sheets both short and long edges, we conducted another test to make 10 single-sided copies from glass using different paper feeding methods (the original was stacked in the same orientation , other copy settings are the same).
The result is as expected: speed is affected by both tray changes and original/paper orientation. But if turning 90 degrees gives a noticeable change, then when changing the tray from the top to the bottom, the difference is close to the measurement accuracy limit - of course, the path of each sheet changes significantly, however, the paper is fed continuously when making multiple copies, and each next sheet begins movement before the previous tray is fully ejected into the output tray.
By the way, if the original and paper are stacked differently, then copying is still possible: the device itself will rotate the image obtained at the scanning stage by 90 degrees.
Print Speed Test (Text PDF file, monochrome printing 11 A4 sheets, countdown from first sheet ejection to eliminate data transfer time), PCL6 driver, default settings; two measurements with averaging:
The maximum print speed for both formats is consistent with the declared.
PDF file, printable 20 sheets of text with color graphics and illustrations; default settings; A4 long edge in tray 1, A3 in tray 2.
| with USB flash | ||||
| Mode | time, min:sec | speed, ppm | ||
| A4 | 1:10 | 17,1 | ||
| A4 duplex | 1:16 | 15,7 | ||
| From computer: | USB | LAN | ||
| Mode | time, min:sec | speed, ppm | time, min:sec | speed, ppm |
| A4, PCL6 | 1:33 | 12,9 | 1:12 | 16,7 |
| A4, PS | 1:21 | 14,8 | 1:10 | 17,1 |
| A3, PCL6 | 2:02 | 9,8 | 1:46 | 11,3 |
| A3, PS | 1:50 | 10,9 | 1:44 | 11,5 |
| A4, PS, duplex | 2:04 | 9.7 sides/min | ||
| A3, PS, duplex | 3:06 | 6.5 sides/min | ||
The maximum print speed for both formats in this test also does not correspond to the declared one due to different testing methods. Nevertheless, the ratio of A4 and A3 print speeds in our test and in the specification turned out to be almost the same.
Using the PS driver showed a slightly faster speed, and network printing was noticeably faster than with a USB connection to a computer.
Printing a 30-page DOC file (default margins, text in Times New Roman 10 pt, headings 12 pt, from MS Word), monochrome, PS driver, default settings, LAN connection:
| Mode | Time | Speed |
| Unilateral | 1:36 min | 18.8 ppm |
| Bilateral | 1:55 min | 15.7 sides/min |
In this test, the speed of one-sided printing is close to the declared one, and for duplex, the difference with the value given in the specification is greater. However, duplex isn't slow, saving half the paper at the cost of just 20 percent more print time.
The following tests are carried out only to assess the difference in speed when connected to a specific computer via different interfaces, since they strongly depend both on the properties of the computer itself and on the degree of network load (in our test network, the exchange takes place only between the MFP and the computer).
Printing time of an A4 photo saved in PDF format, from pressing "Print" to the output of the sheet; default settings; the measurement is carried out twice with the averaging of the result:
As you can see, using the PS driver here increases the job time, so it cannot be definitely recommended for improving the speed of printing from a computer. And the network interface turned out to be faster here too, although the difference in this test is close to the measurement error.
Scan from the glass of color originals A3 and A4 (in two versions: A4L - long edge to the left, A4S - short edge to the left) at different resolutions and color mode settings, the time was measured from pressing the "Scan" button in the driver to receiving a scanned image in the application window ; network connection (no TWAIN driver for USB connection); two measurements were taken and the results were averaged.
Two factors must be taken into account: firstly, with double-sided scanning, we actually scanned not 10, but 20 pages, and secondly, the automatic feeder is not double-sided, but reverse: the sheet for processing the second side makes one more pass for flipping. Therefore, the reverse mechanism of the APO, as well as the duplex printer, can be called quite fast.
Measurements are made with the microphone at the head level of a seated person and at a distance of one meter from the MFP.
The background noise level is less than 30 dBA - a quiet office space, from working equipment, including lighting and air conditioning, only an MFP (printing is done from a flash drive).
Measurements were made for the following modes:
Since the noise is uneven, the table shows the maximum values of the noise level for the listed modes, and through the fraction - short-term peaks.
| A | B | C | D | E | F | |
| Noise, dBA | 58,5 | 39,0 | 53,0 / 54,5 | 54,0 / 62,0 | 58,0 / 61,5 | 42,0 / 43,0 |
The device in most modes is not too noisy, and the sounds it makes when the mechanisms are periodically turned on in idle mode or when scanning from the glass will be largely masked by the noise of the real working room. But working with two-sided originals and/or prints is much noisier: the duplex mechanisms in the printer and the reverse in the ADF work very vigorously, making loud noises.
During previous testing, we printed about 850 pages (in terms of A4) using paper weights of 80 and 90 g / m², no problems - jams, misfeeds, including when using duplex (automatic two-sided printing device) and automatic document feeder documents were not observed. This is quite an expected result for a practically new MFP, which has made just over 250 prints before us.
Let's move on to thicker paper.
All trays, including optional trays, and duplex have a stated paper weight range of 60–256 g/m². Of course, when using thick paper, it is highly desirable to make an appropriate setting, otherwise there may be problems with fixing the toner. And this must be done both in the driver and in the tray settings, but here unexpected difficulties were discovered.
In the driver settings, there are as many as 6 types of thick and 2 types of thick paper:
In the information materials available to us, we have not been able to find indications of what is meant by each of these options. But the most annoying thing is that in the tray settings from the MFP menu (for example, in copy mode: “Paper” - select a tray on the displayed diagram - “Change tray setting”) there are only four options, all are associated with thick paper, there are no thick types at all, like and any comments.
In the web interface, among the incredible number of various settings, we did not find the function of setting the type of paper in the tray.
Nevertheless, printing can be done, just after sending the job, a warning will appear on the LCD screen prompting you to select a tray where the type of paper that is similar in name is located - not “plain”, but, for example, one of the “thick”. Of course, this is not very convenient, especially if the network device is located in another room.
At the same time, printing becomes noticeably slower, which is quite understandable: it takes more time for the normal thermal fixation of the toner on a thicker sheet.
As a result, it turned out that even when using duplex (automatic two-sided printing), the MFP copes not only with paper of 250 g / m², which is close to the declared upper limit, but also with 280 g / m² - 20 sheets are printed.
The automatic document feeder claims a range of 35–128 g/m², but the dealership explained to us that two-sided copying could be a problem with very thin originals, so the online manual states a lower limit of 50 g/m². We didn’t have such thin paper, so we checked the upper limit and were pleasantly surprised: even two-sided feeding of originals with a density of 250 g / m² did not cause difficulties - the suggested 15 sheets were scanned twice normally from two sides. We did not try thicker paper: already there is a twofold excess of the declared value.
For envelopes in the PCL6 and PS driver settings, there is a single setting "Envelope", without specifying sizes. Envelope feed can only be set in the MFP menu for the manual feed tray, and a page will appear where you can select a specific size.
We used the C4 envelopes (324 × 229) that we have - it is rare to try out printing on them, since A4 printers and MFPs do not support this size.
But before you start printing, you need to open the right side door of the MFP and lift the green lever on the fusing unit (fuser) all the way up, setting it to the position marked with an envelope image. In this case, care must be taken: there are very hot parts of the fuser nearby.
Load blank envelopes in the bypass tray with the flap up. Regarding the capacity of the tray, the instructions say no more than 10 envelopes, but our envelopes fit more.
There were no problems when printing on 15 envelopes. In this case, the print speed is also significantly lower than when working with plain paper. When finished, do not forget to move the lever down to the position with the image of a sheet of paper.
We also tried self-adhesive labels - of course, designed for laser printers. In the MFP settings, you need to set the paper type to “Thick 1+” and use the manual feed tray, stacking labels face down in it.
In addition to the listed types of media, the instruction mentions the possibility of working with cards and postcards, as well as transparencies.
As always, we warn you: the use of any media with parameters that go beyond the official specification is made by the user at his own peril and risk.
Below we give an assessment of the results with a minimum number of illustrations, but you can also get acquainted with the full sets of scans of the obtained samples.
Text printing
Despite the relatively low physical print resolution, the quality of text prints is very high: even on medium-quality office paper, legibility starts at 2 pt. paper.
(with magnification)
No difference can be found at different quality settings offered by print drivers (in PCL6, these are the screen resolution and image compression settings): the contours of the letters always turn out to be even, the screen is hardly noticeable even with a significant increase.
(with magnification)
Perhaps the only setting that noticeably affects text prints is the toner save mode. Moreover, it is hardly possible to call it a draft mode, since the prints are quite high quality, perhaps a little more pale, but this is mainly noticeable when directly compared with samples printed in the normal mode. In addition, the raster becomes a little more noticeable, and confident readability starts from the 4th size for sans-serif fonts and from the 6th for serif fonts. And we are talking about printing on inexpensive paper, since hardly anyone will save toner by using high-quality paper.
at the top for comparison line 12 size in normal mode (enlarged)
How much toner can be saved is hard to say, but this mode can be recommended when printing text documents "for internal use". And it should be noted that we can also talk about cases of illustrations and graphic design elements: of course, two adjacent pages differ greatly, but if you only have a print made with toner saving, then it looks pretty decent.
right - normal printing, left - toner saving
test strip
Here it is necessary to make a reservation: the print quality of this sample depends on how the selected paper type setting matches the properties of the media used (it is not only about density). In the absence of comments on the types of paper available both in the drivers and in the MFP's own menu, the selection will have to be made by trial and error. Unfortunately, this is a common problem for the vast majority of laser printers, and its roots are quite objective: there are a lot of different types and grades of paper, and the optimal setting with a clearly understood name can only be done for average office paper - “Plain paper”, yes add variations with different densities.
And when it comes to high-quality grades, on which the capabilities of the printer should be revealed to the maximum, then all sorts of options are already possible here, and not always with a “plus” sign, which we happened to observe: bald spots or spots sometimes appeared on some areas of our test strip. However, for the grades of paper we used, we managed to find installations with which there were no such problems.
In view of what has just been said, the print quality of the test strip can be assessed as quite normal: there are no obvious errors in color reproduction, the solids are dense, the raster is noticeable mainly when magnified.
(with magnification)
The color transitions on the multi-color stretch are generally smooth, only in some places you can notice small jerks. The gradients are uniform and without sharp transitions, the neutral density scale is distinguishable from 1 to 95-96 percent, for the CMYK scales the range is about the same.
(with magnification)
But when analyzing the small elements of the test strip, details begin to appear that did not allow us to give the print a higher rating. So, horizontal color matching is good, but vertically there are inconsistencies, and there is no standard calibration procedure available. Steps are noticeable on thin inclined lines with a small increase, and overflows are also visible on curved lines. The maximum number of distinguishable lines per inch is about 80.
When printing normal and reversed, serif and sans-serif fonts are confidently readable from 5 pt, and for sans-serif fonts, we can talk about readability of 4 pt. With decorative fonts, traditionally for our tests, the situation is worse: in the bizhub C227 they are readable only with a font size of 7, and when printing in reverse, even from 9.
(with magnification)
Printing photos
For an office laser printer, albeit a color one, photo printing is not the main function, therefore we rate it “out of standings”. With regard to printing photos on the bizhub C227, if you use high-quality paper, especially specially designed for color laser printing, then even at the default settings, the colors are saturated, and the reproduction of details in both highlights and shadows is very good. As usual, we will give a few typical examples and recall that a scan saved in a compressed format and reproduced on a monitor screen cannot fully convey the original.
We did not find any distortions like stripes on the prints, but when transferring very small details, the low physical resolution of the print still affects.
Other examples can be viewed in the scan gallery.
When copying a text original, on which 2-point fonts are normally readable, a very worthy result is obtained: fonts with serifs on the copy are confidently read from 4 pts, and sans-serifs are difficult, but you can still make out 2 pt.
If the document contains illustrations and elements of graphic design, then the copy also turns out to be of quite high quality.
Copies of the test strip, as well as when printing from a computer, with some settings for the type of paper and the type of original, were obtained with bald spots or spots, and again the selection made it possible to obtain a copy without defects. True, its quality was inferior to the original used: the raster became more noticeable, the visibility of the neutral density scales and CMYK deteriorated significantly, and problems with the transfer of fine details intensified, although, for example, the aliasing on thin oblique and wavy lines is less pronounced than when printing the same sample .
When copying photographs, the correct choice of the original type is no less important: for example, with the “Photo - Photo Paper” setting, distinct slanting streaks appeared on the copy.
If you select "Printed Photo", then there will be no such defect, although the quality of the copy still leaves much to be desired.
So, what do we get in the dry residue: Konica Minolta bizhub C227 copes well with printing and copying text documents, including those containing simple illustrations and graphics in color. If we are talking about more complex color graphic originals and photographs, then the print quality can be called quite normal for an office color laser printer. Copies from such originals turn out worse, but this is a common thing for devices of this class.
Thus, the main advantage of the MFP is not in the outstanding print quality, but in the abundance of various kinds of options that significantly expand its capabilities, and first of all, various finishing devices, as well as user authentication tools, should be mentioned here.
Moreover, the choice of the configuration of the device is carried out by the buyer himself, adding options to the base unit in accordance with his needs. It should be noted that this base, although not the highest cost, is equipped very well: there are three trays with a total capacity of up to 1100 sheets, and a duplex, and a Gigabit Ethernet network card, and even a hard drive. You just need to remember that a set of toner cartridges is not included in the basic delivery and must be purchased separately.
Another important feature of the device - a wide range of media that can be used for printing. Here we need to talk not only about the nomenclature, but also about the range of sizes, thicknesses and densities: for example, you can print banners up to 1.2 meters long. True, when using some media, you may need to select settings, but this is quite normal.
A big touch screen LCD is a big plus. We should also mention a rich set of additional image processing options for printing and scanning using removable media, as well as copying, including those rarely found in this technique when battery life. But here the company's developers have something to think about: for example, when printing from removable USB media, for some reason, a preview of files in supported formats is not provided, although for documents saved on a regular hard drive, this is quite possible.
The presence of only a network TWAIN driver can hardly be attributed to significant disadvantages: such MFPs are rarely used with a local USB connection. But working with mobile devices via Bluetooth using NFC is an interesting feature.
Thanks to Konica Minolta for providing the MFP
