Basic terms in construction. Builder's Concise Dictionary; building terms and definitions. Official terms and definitions

Anteroom- front, first hall.

Aqueduct- a structure in the form of a stone or concrete bridge, which serves to transfer water pipes, irrigation and hydroelectric channels through deep ravines, gorges, river valleys, railways and highways.

alleys- regular linear planting of trees, forming a narrow space aimed at the focus or dominant of the composition.

Antefix- stone or ceramic figured tiles, located along the eaves of the roof.

Mezzanine:

  • the upper part of the room, divided into two floors;
  • the upper mezzanine, built into the volume of the main floor, is typical for mansions and manor houses of the 18th - 1st half of the 19th century.

Land lease- property lease, an agreement on the provision of territory for temporary use for a fee. It is used in industry, in agriculture, in other sectors of the national economy, in urban land use. In Russian cities, land plots are an object of various types of ownership: federal, regional, municipal (city), corporate, private.

Arch- curvilinear overlap of openings in the wall (windows, gates, doors) or spans between supports, for example between columns or abutments.

Fittings:

  • in reinforced concrete structures - a set of welded or connected steel rods poured with concrete;
  • sculptural decorations from swords, shields, helmets and other weapons.

Architect- a specialist in the field of architecture, an architect.

Architecture- the qualitative side of construction activity, reflecting the aesthetic relations of the process of creating a construction object.

Architectural and construction control and supervision - type of state control over the use and protected land in cities and other settlements. The relevant bodies for architecture and urban planning carry out state control per:

  • compliance with the implementation of all types of urban planning activities in cities and other settlements in accordance with urban planning documentation;
  • compliance with the standards and rules for planning and building cities and other settlements;
  • observance of the established procedure for the use of the territory with special treatment urban planning activities;
  • prevention of demolition of buildings and structures, cutting down of public green spaces in cities and other settlements;
  • providing land plots in cities and other settlements in accordance with their intended purpose and urban planning requirements.

Beam- a solid or composite rod, usually prismatic, used to cover rooms.

Balcony- a protruding platform on the facade of the building, fenced with railings and surrounded by a lattice or balustrade.

Balustrade- through fencing in the form of railings, balconies, galleries, stairs, roofs.

Baluster- small curly columns supporting the railings of balconies, stairs, roofs.

Runner- the form of ornamental brickwork in the form of a belt, forming a series of triangular recesses on the surface of the wall, successively facing up and down with their tops.

Mezzanine:

  • the second, main (usually with higher rooms) floor of the building (palace, mansion);
  • the first floor of balconies above the stalls in the auditorium of the theatre.

Concrete- a mixture of gravel, crushed stone, pebbles with a solution of cement or other binders, acquiring greater hardness after drying. Used as building material.

biosocial ecology - a scientific discipline that studies the biological foundations of the social behavior of living organisms, including humans.

Biforium- a window with two openings, divided by a column or column, very common in Romanesque architecture.

Block- a stone of large dimensions, most often of a prismatic shape, made of natural or artificial building materials (limestone, concrete, cinder concrete, etc.).

Blocked house - a residential building formed by a set of planning blocks. The block is one, two or more apartments with a common exit. Block - apartment can be located in one or two levels. The layout of the apartment, the placement of window openings and entrances are decided in such a way that when forming the house there is the possibility of shifting, turning individual blocks relative to each other.

Border- a strip framing the edges, a border, an edge; decoration around the edges of any object.

Bosket- a group of evenly trimmed in the form of walls or geometric shapes of shrubs or trees.

eyebrows- decorative decoration of the wall above the window in the form of a protruding roller.

boulevards- landscaped stripes along avenues, streets or embankments of cities with alleys and paths for pedestrian traffic and short-term rest; originally on the site of the ramparts.

Bungalow (bengalo) - a light country building with verandas that make up one horizontal row of wooden log buildings.

Cable structures - structures based on a combination of tension of special rods (ropes, cables, etc.) and rigid supports and fasteners (suspension bridges, coatings, etc.).

Guys- stretch marks for fastening high metal pipes, radio masts, wind turbine towers, etc.

Crown- mutually connected four logs that make up one horizontal row of wooden chopped buildings.

Veranda- an open or glazed gallery with a roof attached to the house.

Lobby- a large front hallway of a public building.

Villa- Vacation home, country house.

hanging gardens- artificial decorative and orchards arranged in tiers on artificial terraces or roofs.

stained glass- a set of colored glasses inserted into the window opening, constituting an ornamental pattern or image.

octagon- part of the building, which has an octagonal shape, an octagonal frame.

Remote plate- a simple or profiled shelf with a significant extension, which in some orders constitutes the main part of the cornice.

Releases (Help) - in wooden architecture, the ends of logs released from a log house. Helpers support roof overhangs, galleries, platforms of hanging rings.

Dimension- generalized limiting contour of an architectural structure or its part, details, etc.

Lawn- a site sown with grass for decorative purposes, usually short and evenly cut.

gallery house- a residential building in which residential cells (apartments) are located on one side of an open or closed gallery, which is the main horizontal communication link.

Gallery- a semi-open bright room, the length of which significantly exceeds the width.

General plan - a type of urban planning documentation that regulates urban planning activities in cities and other settlements, which determines the conditions for the safety of the population, ensuring the necessary sanitary, hygienic and environmental requirements, rational determination of land use boundaries, residential, public, industrial development zones, specially protected areas, zones of various urban development values , placement of places of application of labor, development of engineering and transport infrastructure, improvement of territories, preservation of historical and cultural heritage and anthropogenic landscapes. The master plan is the main legal document and is approved in the manner prescribed by the Town Planning Code of the Russian Federation and laws or other regulatory legal acts RF and subjects of the Federation.

Hygiene of the living environment - a branch of hygiene that studies the impact of the environment on the health of the population and develops criteria for optimizing the environment in terms of maintaining human health.

upper room- front, "clean" room, located on the second floor of the Russian hut. Usually it is summer, unheated.

City- one of the types of social and spatial organization of the population, arising and developing on the basis of the combination of industrial, scientific, cultural, administrative and other functions. As a rule, the population in cities exceeds 10 thousand, the vast majority of them are employed in industries not related to agriculture.

garden cityis a city designed for a healthy life and work, the size of no more than to provide a full-fledged social life surrounded by rural landscape. The idea of ​​the garden city is to combine the positive features of the city and the countryside: all its land is in public ownership or assigned to the community.

Satellite city- a historically emerging method of decentralized development of large cities, contributing to the withdrawal of industries that are undesirable for them and excess population from large cities and slowing down the growth of megacities.

Gorodnya- a log house filled with stone or earth inside.

urban agglomeration - territorial and economic integration of densely located and functionally connected cities and other settlements, different in size and economic profile.

City land policy - the activities of the city administration in order to dispose of the urban territory in accordance with the various urban development values ​​of the land in order to achieve conditions for comfortable living, production activities and socio-cultural development for the maximum development of the possible majority of urban residents.

urban climate - climate, which is formed as a result of changes in the natural environment by urban development, industry, transport, and the urban population. It is characterized by a higher temperature (3-5 degrees C higher) than in the surrounding area, an increase in convection, the frequency and amount of heavy rainfall; decrease in hours of insolation, increase in the number of fogs and increase in air pollution.

urban landscape is a dynamic functional-spatial system of cultural complexes, including natural components and urban environment.

Gostiny Dvor- rows of shops, commercial premises and warehouses, united by covered galleries, and sometimes by a common roof.

Urban planning documentation - a set of materials of graphic-analytical, cartographic, textual, calculation and other types, based on a scientific forecast of the development of the territory and its development.

Urban policy - purposeful activity on development management and regulation of construction and investment processes for the formation of a favorable human environment.

Urban cadastre - state information, legal system for registering the use of the territory - objects of urban planning. The basis for maintaining the cadastre is urban planning and design documentation. The procedure for maintaining the cadastre is established by the legislation of the Russian Federation.

Urban planning charter - (development rules) of the city - a legal document regulating the procedure and procedures for the implementation of urban planning activities in a given territory.

Grotto- natural or artificial cave.

Decor- system, a set of decorative elements.

desuport- decorative pictorial or sculptural insert above the door.

Detail- part of the whole, detail, particularity. Part of a structure, a separate element.

House-commune- the embodiment of the design of a residential block with the main elements of consumer services "attached" to it.

Hotel type house - a residential building for single and small family residents, consisting of small apartments with a well-developed service unit, located on the lower floors or in a separate building connected to residential building. The living cell of such a house usually consists of a living room with an area of ​​​​10-14 square meters. m, a kitchen niche and a combined bathroom. Hotel houses are most often located according to the corridor or gallery planning schemes.

Chimney- chimney, the upper outer part of a wooden chimney.

Zhartok- part of the Russian stove, in which hot coals are stored.

House- a building intended for permanent residence people, structurally consists of one or many residential cells - apartments. The cells are united by communication links - vertical (stairwells, elevators) and horizontal (corridors, galleries).

Green building - a system of planned measures to create, preserve and increase green spaces in cities and urban-type settlements, industrial facilities in state farms and collective farms, landscaping of large areas is carried out on the basis of a design assignment and a technical project drawn up on its basis.

green array- this is the largest unit of the park landscape. The optimal width, providing protection from noise, dust, and also creating visual isolation, is 100-150 m.

Tile- glazed ceramic tiles.

Impost- horizontal rod in the form of a cornice, separating the arch from the supporting pillar or wall.

Inlay(from lat.) - decoration of an object made of one material by cutting figured pieces from various other materials into its surface, forming a pattern that does not protrude above the surface.

Interior(from the French interiur - internal) - the architecture of the interior of the building.

Kamelek- a furnace, a hearth, made of dry stones, without a binder solution. The smoke from it goes directly into the room itself and is drawn out either through the door or into a special hole in the wall.

Fireplace- (from German) - an open room stove with a direct chimney, which warms the rooms directly with the flame of the fuel burning in it.

Flutes- vertical grooves on the shafts of columns, pylons or pilasters.

Cornice(from Greek) - a protruding belt crowning the outer walls of the building, designed to protect the walls from rain. Upper part of the entablature. The cornice is in turn divided into three parts (from bottom to top: supporting, teardrop and crowning).

Tile(from German) - a tile, a thin tile of burnt marl clay, covered with glaze on the outside. The tile serves for facing of furnaces, walls and floors.

Quadr- hewn stone, having a prismatic shape.

Building class- a category that determines the significance, architectural value, functional complexity of the building, its urban and social significance.

Color(from lat.) - the color of the paint, its tone and density.

Comfort(from English) - a set of household amenities.

Structural scheme of the building - a concept that characterizes the type of the bearing frame of the building. The load-bearing frame is a set of building elements combined into a system that ensures its strength, rigidity and stability. The strength of the bearing frame is its ability to resist the influence of design loads without collapsing and without receiving unacceptable deformations; the rigidity of the supporting frame is the invariance of its shape in the process of receiving loads, and stability is the resistance to overturning. The loss of one of these qualities, one way or another, leads to the failure of the entire system of the carrier frame.

Design(from Lat.) - structure, device, construction, plan, relative position of parts (structure, project, etc.).

Buttress(from the French. contre-force - counteraction) - a vertical protrusion of the wall, counteracting the expansion phenomenon.

Corridor-sectional house - a kind of sectional house. Unlike a purely sectional house, where residential cells are grouped directly around the stair-elevator node, in this scheme, a section is formed by connecting several residential cells with a horizontal connection - a corridor that leads to a vertical connection - a staircase, an elevator. Typically, a section in houses of this type is formed from 8 or more apartments.

corridor house- a residential building in which residential cells (apartments) are located on two sides of the corridor, which is a horizontal communication link. The corridors are connected floor by floor by stairs, of which there must be at least two. The width of the corridor is usually 1.4 -1.6 m, the length is 40 m or more.

Box vault with formwork - formed by crossing at right angles K.S. with others K.S. smaller span and lower height.

Kosour- an obliquely placed beam, thrown between the platforms of the stairs, on which, in turn, the stairs are laid.

Cottage(from English) - a small country house.

Red line- the boundary defining the building line of the street or area of ​​the settlement.

Krepovka(raskrepovka) - a small protrusion of a wall, entablature, cornice.

Roof- the upper shell of the roof, consisting of a waterproof so-called waterproofing carpet and a base in the form of a batten, flooring or solid slabs laid along the rafters and roof beams.

bracket- a part or structure in the form of a console, released from the wall, serves for some kind of ledge.

Porch hanging- a porch resting on pillars and on the ends of logs protruding from the log house itself.

Roof without nails (male) - in ancient Russian wooden architecture, a roof in which the board is not folded onto inclined rafters, but onto horizontal logs - slabs. The ends of these longitudinal legs are cut into the transverse walls of the log house, or otherwise, males. So that the clefts do not slip, they are supported from below by a hollowed-out log-stream, based on "hens". Such a roof was built without a single nail and held very firmly.

Lobby(from French) - premises in public buildings (parliaments, theaters, public libraries, etc.), which increase the space of the main foyers and halls and are used for relaxation, informal meetings, and even for work.

Dome- a vault formed by rotating a curve (arc, circle, etc.) around a vertical axis.

Landscape- a specific territory, homogeneous in its origin and history of development, having a single geological foundation, the same type of relief. Depending on the origin, forests are distinguished: anthropogenic, natural, geochemical, cultural, acultural, agricultural, marsh, geographical, elementary, etc.

Paw(in the paw) - cutting logs in the corners without residue, that is, without the released ends of the log.

Curved brick - a brick, having in plan the shape of a sector, a circle or any other shape, limited by segments of a straight line and a circle.

plowshare- wooden tiles used to cover domes, necks, barrels, kokoshniks and other parts of church tops.

ribbon city- a city stretched along one or more highways. L.G., in which the building strip along the highway is narrow enough that in the transverse direction it can be limited to pedestrian traffic, was called linear. L.G., in which building lanes of various functional purposes are allowed parallel to the main communication routes, is called parallel.

Linear city- a city in the form of narrow strips of buildings, developing along transport lines and having a symmetrical structure.

Loggia(from Italian) - a room open on one or more sides. It usually serves as a balcony, gallery or terrace recessed into the body of the building.

spoons(spoons) - bricks or stones laid with their long sides along the wall (i.e. in the direction of the plane of the wall).

shoulder blade- a vertical, flat and narrow ledge in the wall, resembling a pilaster, but without a capital and base.

Tray- timber with a hollowed-out gutter; part of the vault, having the shape of a segment of a semi-cylindrical surface, dissected by two mutually intersecting (most often mutually perpendicular) planes and resting on an extended horizontal wall.

Luchkovy pediment - a segmoid-shaped pediment, resembling a stretched bow in its outlines.

Lucarna(from lat. lux - light) - an attic window.

Lunette(from French lunnette):

  • a hole in the wall under the stripping of the vault;
  • a wall field bounded by an arch and its buttresses, often decorated with paintings or sculptures.

Highway(from lat.) - any main line in relation to the secondary ones departing from it. For example, the main wide street (one of the main big city) with heavy traffic.

Layout(from French) - a model of something; preliminary sample A that represents something at a reduced size (for example, a mock-up of a building).

Matica- a beam carrying a wooden ceiling.

Mezzanine(from Italian, mezzanino - mezzanine) - a superstructure over the middle part of a residential building.

Neighborhoods- a structural and planning unit of division of the territory, consisting of residential buildings and service establishments.

Mosaic- an image made up of small pieces of marble or smalt (colored glass).

Monolith(from Greek) - a solid block of stone; a whole building (monument) or part of it (column), carved from one piece of stone.

- a measure of the anthropogenic-technogenic impact on the landscape. The term came to geography from engineering vocabulary, characterizes the processes and phenomena that occur in the landscape under the influence of human activity.

superstructure- a type of reconstruction of buildings, carried out by arranging one or more additional floors above the existing part of the building.

platband- framing a door or window opening.

Oblo- common in wooden architecture cutting of logs with the rest, that is, with the release of the ends of the logs outside the house.

crate- a covering of wooden or other planks, fixed to the rafters and serving, in turn, for roofing.

Paneling- facing of a wooden building with boards.

mansion- comfortable, most often one-two-story multi-room city residential building, intended for one family.

ohlupen- a hollowed-out log covering the junction of two roof slopes.

Sail- a structure in the form of a curved triangle, through which the transition from a rectangular base to the domed ceiling of the building is carried out. In church buildings, four sails support the drum of the dome.

Patio(from Spanish) - courtyard residential building.

pergola(from Greek) - an open gallery, veranda, etc., covered with a light through canopy covered with climbing greenery.

Pilaster(s)(from French) - a flat vertical ledge in the wall, processed in the form of an order column, i.e. having a base, a trunk (fust) and a capital, and sometimes flutes.

Pinnacles(from French pinacle) - decorative turrets completed with pointed pyramids, crowning buttresses and some other parts of Gothic buildings; found in Romanov architecture.

Building layout:

  • representation on a certain scale of its space-planning structure in the form of an orthogonal projection of its horizontal section onto a plane. Usually the position of the horizontal sectional plane is taken at a level slightly above the window sill. Such images are required in every building project, and their number should be sufficient for "reading" and unambiguous understanding of the design intent of the entire building and the possibility of realizing it;
  • a certain order of placement in the designed or reconstructed building of the main, auxiliary, service and communication premises.

Plafond(from French) - the ceiling of a room or part of it, decorated with painting or relief.

Block, plate- half of a log split or sawn along; blocks were used for flooring and ceilings.

plinth(from Greek) - a wooden profiled bar along the internal walls of the building, covering the gap between the wall and the floor.

Plinfa- Byzantine and Russian flat square bricks.

felling- the upper, constantly expanding part of the log house, which performs the architectural and constructive role of the cornice.

Police- the lower sloping part of the roof.

Portal(from German portal, from Latin porta - entrance, gate) an architecturally processed entrance to a public building - a church, a palace, etc.

Perspective portal - a kind of portal in the form of several ledges going into the depth, decreasing in size.

landscape potential (landscape capacity) - expressed in quantitative terms, the resources of the territory under consideration, which, without prejudice to the self-regulation of the landscape, can be used to meet all kinds of needs of people (recreational, agricultural, industrial).

Natural potential - the ability of natural systems to perform any function used in the economic activity of people. It is expressed by certain environmental and economic indicators.

Recreational potential - the property of a natural area to have a positive physical, mental, hygienic impact on a person. Most pronounced during rest.

Annex- a type of reconstruction of buildings associated with their enlargement, replacement of individual worn parts with new ones or giving the building new functional features.

Run- the main beam, on which, in turn, the secondary beams are laid. The main beam is directly laid on the supporting parts (pylons, columns, walls).

Program town-planning forecast - is developed on the basis of comprehensive research and presents a range of predicted options and ways for the development of the region (city) and gives them a comprehensive probabilistic assessment.

Project(from lat.) - developed drawings of the building.

span- distance between supports.

Avenue(from lat.) - a straight, long and wide street in the city.

Landscape destruction - the process of violation of natural ecological connections and integrity in the system of landscape components. Landscape destruction most often occurs as a result of various types of industrial activities, as well as other anthropogenic impacts.

Ramp(from French) - a system of lighting fixtures located on the floor in front of the stage for illumination from below.

Raskrepovka- protrusion in front (or indentation back) of a larger or smaller segment of a wall, entablature, cornice, parapet, etc.

Stripping- part of the vault, formed at the intersection of semi-cylindrical surfaces, a fragment of the cross vault or a small additional vault, cut into the main cylindrical or mirror vault.

thrust- horizontal force arising in the vaulted structure.

Regional land policy - purposeful activity of organs regional government(republican, regional, regional, district administrations and land committees) on accounting, rational use and protection of the region's lands of various functional purposes, carried out through land management; a system of measures for land tenure, including design and survey work, filming and survey work.

Rezalit(from lat.) - a part of the building that protrudes beyond the main line of the facade.

Reconstruction(from lat.) - a radical reorganization; restructuring according to new principles.

Reconstruction of the architectural and historical environment of the city - this is a fairly free (compared, for example, with restoration) mode construction works, subject to the tasks of the functioning of objects of cultural and historical heritage in the new socio-economic conditions, allowing the demolition of dilapidated buildings, redevelopment, a significant volume, subject to stylistic unity, not excluding the possibility of using new building materials.

Relief(from French) - a convex sculptural image on a plane.

Restoration(from Lat.) - restoration in its original form of works of fine arts and architecture, damaged by time or damaged, distorted by subsequent alterations.

Rose- a round window in the buildings of the XII-XV centuries. It was used in religious buildings of the Romanesque style, but it was most widely used in Gothic temples.

Rostrum(from lat.) - an ornament in the form of the bow of an ancient vessel, often on a column.

Rotunda(from Italian) - a round building covered with a dome.

Adobe(from Turk.) - air-dried brick, made from a mixture of clay, sand and straw. It is used as a building material in treeless areas.

Sandrik- a small cornice above a door or window.

Sanitary protection zone - a zone of space and vegetation, specially allocated between industrial enterprises and residential areas in order to protect people's health.

Reset Wastewater - discharge into the environment of untreated waters of industrial and domestic origin. There is an indicator of maximum permissible discharge (MPD) - the maximum permissible mass of a pollutant, determined in accordance with the established regime in a given place per unit of time in order to ensure environmental quality standards at the control point.

Pile- a rod driven into the ground in order to compact it.

Code- overlapping or covering structures, having a geometric shape formed by a curved surface.

Sectional gallery house - a kind of sectional house. In a purely sectional planning scheme, all living cells of the section are connected directly by a staircase as the only vertical communication. In the sectional-gallery scheme, the section is formed due to the horizontal connection of the cells of the galleries with subsequent access to the vertical connection - the stairs. Typically, a section in houses of this type consists of 6-8 or more apartments.

section house- a residential building, completed from residential sections. A residential section is understood as a group of residential cells (apartments), repeated floor by floor, united by a single vertical communication link - a staircase, an elevator. The number of cells on one floor of sections can be two, three, four, six.

canopy- a canopy made of stone, wood or metal on columns or poles, a canopy.

Silhouette(from French) - outline, outline of an object.

take it easy- horizontally laid logs forming a subroofing structure in Russian wooden architecture.

teardrop- portable plate - the main part of the eaves.

Soffit- architecturally processed ceiling surface.

Complete demolition of buildings - total destruction of existing construction sites and, in general, traces of buildings that once existed.

Rack- a pillar that serves as a support for the ceiling.

rafters- a structure that supports the roof slopes.

Stuka(knock) (from Italian) - the highest quality solid gypsum plaster, sometimes processed in the form of carvings or artificial marble.

substructure(from lat.) - a structure that supports one or another part of an architectural structure from below.

Terracotta(from Italian) - burnt pure clay, as well as artistic products from it.

terrace(from French) - an architecturally designed open or semi-open area, most often adjacent to the building.

Tympanum(from Greek tympanon):

  • a recessed space above a door or window, having a triangular, semicircular or lancet shape;
  • a triangular field of the ancient pediment, sinking deep into, framed on all sides by a cornice.

Tondo(from Italian) - an architectural and decorative detail in the form of a circle, a disk.

Travertine(from Italian) - sinter accumulations of porous limestone (dense tuff), deposited by carbon dioxide sources, are used as a building material.

trellis(from French) - a light lattice used as a frame for climbing greenery.

tromp(from French, German) - a special type of vaulted structure used to move from the square base of the structure to its round or polygonal part. Unlike a sail, a tromp is most often in the shape of a cone. Tromps are especially characteristic of the medieval architecture of the countries of Asia and Transcaucasia.

Sidewalk(from French) - a special path for pedestrians from boards, asphalt, etc. along the edges of the street.

Turnstile(from French) - a rotating cruciform slingshot installed in the aisles so that people can pass one at a time.

poke(poke) - bricks or stones laid with their long sides perpendicular to the plane of the wall.

thrust- a thin horizontal protrusion (like a cornice on a wall).

Arch thrust- a slab between the base of the vault and the top of the supporting pillar or wall.

Building compaction - this is an increase in the amount of living space per unit of territory in the context of the reconstruction of existing buildings. Building compaction means - building gaps between buildings, increasing the number of storeys of a building, demolishing an existing one and replacing a new one, more dense building, reduction of yard spaces and driveways, construction of wastelands, etc.

Urbanization(from lat. urbanus - urban) - a natural historical process of increasing the share of urban culture in the cultural potential of a developing society, the process of consistently transforming society into an urban (urbanized) society.

Texture(from Lat.) - the nature of the surface treatment: its roughness, smoothness, rustication, etc.

Facade(from French) - the outer, front side of the building.

Fachwerk(from German fachwerk) - the construction of a building, the walls of which are a wooden block frame, consisting of a system of buildings, crossbars, braces and strappings, with gaps filled with brick, stone, clay.

truss truss (from French) - a flat lattice structure of triangular or other outlines, which serves to cover large rooms.

Filenka(from German) - a small section of the wall, doors, pilasters, surrounded by a frame.

Outbuilding(from German) a side extension to the house or a small separate house in the courtyard of the building.

Gable(from French) - the upper part of the facade in the form of a triangle, bounded by two roof slopes.

Foundation- the lower supporting part of the structure, hidden underground.

Hall(from English) - a large room for something, for example, a hall for public meetings, a waiting room in a hotel, theaters, etc.

Cyclopean masonry (from Greek) - masonry of huge raw or roughly chipped stones of irregular shape.

plinth(from Italian) - the foot of a building, monument, column (usually in the form of a low, slightly protruding horizontal strip located directly above the ground).

Ground floor- the lower floor of the structure, the outer walls of which are designed like the plinth of a large order and the plinth of the entire building system.

Partial demolition of the building:

  • liquidation, destruction of individual buildings recognized for demolition in a row of buildings;
  • elimination of any fragments or parts of the building (for example, one floor of the building in order to improve the sanitation of the surrounding buildings).

fours- tetrahedral frame.

Sample(from German) - a drawing of architectural details, full-size profiles.

Shelyga- a line connecting the upper points of the vault.

Slate(from German) - a vertical point (needle) crowning the roof.

Things(from German stuck, from Italian stucce) - a material for wall decoration, the manufacture of architectural details and reliefs; in the Middle Ages, a composition of gypsum, sand and a small amount of lime was used.

shchipei- the upper part of the facade wall in the form of an angle bounded by two roof slopes; unlike the pediment, it does not have a horizontal cornice at the bottom, a decorative triangle crowning the window, portal and other parts of the Gothic building; same as vimperg.

Eclecticism(from Greek) - formal, mechanical use in the composition and artistic decoration of buildings of elements of styles of past eras.

Exedra(from Greek) - a large semicircular niche, a semicircular pavilion.

Exterior(from French) - the appearance of the building.

Bay window(from German) - part of the internal volume of the building, taken out beyond its outer walls and protruding on the facade in the form of a closed balcony.

Floor(from French) - the longitudinal part of the house, the rooms of which are on the same level.

Tier- one row above another (floors, boxes, seats in the auditorium, balconies, etc.).

GOSSTROY OF RUSSIA

ALL-RUSSIAN STATE RESEARCH INSTITUTE OF PROBLEMS OF SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL PROGRESS AND INFORMATION IN CONSTRUCTION

(FSUE VNIINTPI)

FEDERAL FUND OF SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL INFORMATION ON CONSTRUCTION AND ARCHITECTURE

CENTER FOR ANALYTICAL INFORMATION AND REGULATIONS AND TECHNICAL DOCUMENTATION IN CONSTRUCTION AND Utilities

OFFICIAL TERMS AND DEFINITIONS

IN CONSTRUCTION, ARCHITECTURE AND HOUSING AND UTILITY COMPLEX

The publication was prepared by the Center analytical information and regulatory and technical documentation in the construction of the Federal State Unitary Enterprise VNIINTPI Gosstroy of Russia, consisting of: Zabolotskaya E.N., Evtyukhova I.N., Dokuchaeva I.N., Ph.D. Berezin V.P.

Under the editorship of the Director of the Federal State Unitary Enterprise VNIINTPI, Academician of the International Academy of Investments and Economics of Construction, International Academy of Informatization, Advisor to the RAASN, Honored Builder of Russia Vorontsov G.I.

Reviewer - Deputy Director of the Federal State Unitary Enterprise TsNIIEUS, Academician of the International Academy of Investments and Economics of Construction, Doctor of Economics, Professor KardanskayaH.L

Second edition and enlarged.

HOW TO USE THE EDITION

1. Terms for construction, architecture and housing and communal services are arranged in alphabetical order, for example:

Developer- any natural or legal person, including...

Mixing cement- mixing cement with...

Flooding- the formation of a free surface of water ...

capture- an element of a load-handling means...

Waste disposal- isolation of waste not subject to...

2. Terms are given in bold, lower case letters with an initial capital letter, and their definitions are typed in regular capital letters. If a term has several definitions, then all of them are combined in one article and separated by a semicolon between themselves, for example:

Production area- the territory allocated for the implementation of construction or production activities with those under construction or operating buildings and structures. (SNiP 12-03-2001); - the territory intended for placement industrial enterprises and related facilities, complexes of scientific institutions with their pilot production facilities, utility and storage facilities, external transport facilities, extra-urban and suburban communication routes. (SNiP 2.07.01-89*)

3. At the end of each definition in parentheses is the number of the document from which this term and definition are given. A list of all mentioned federal legislative, normative documents given at the end of the edition. Numbers of federal laws under which they are located in the specified list are indicated in square brackets, for example:

Safe conditions labor

4. In order to save space in the publication, a system of abbreviations and symbols has been introduced.

ABBREVIATIONS AND SYMBOLS

avia.- aviation

lighting - lighting

arm. steel- reinforcing steel

rig. - construction equipment

bank.- banking

Department.- finishing and facing materials

bet. - concrete

podmasch. - scaffolding

vent.- ventilation

pl. - Fire safety

geod. - geodesy

fire.tech.- fire fighting equipment

geom. - geometric parameters

polymer. - polymer materials

hydrotech. - hydraulic structures

project. - design, project documentation

GOST - State standard

production- industrial buildings and structures

GOST R - State Standard of the Russian Federation

radiation - radiation safety

urban planning - urban planning

sol. - building mixture

cargo.- lifting machines and mechanisms

cert. - certification

tree. - wood materials

SNiP - Building codes and regulations

dor.- road construction, operation

wall construction - wall structures

jbk.- reinforced concrete and concrete structures

t.b.- safety measures, labor protection

railway- railway transport and facilities

transp.- transport facilities

housing and communal services - Department of Housing and Utilities

pipeline - pipelines, pipeline fittings

sound. - soundproofing

THAT - Specifications

isol.- insulating materials

temple. - temple buildings

quality- quality control

cement.- cement and cement materials

ceramics.- ceramic materials, products

crap. - blueprints

feature - building construction

ecol. - ecology

forest. - forestry

economy - economy

inst. - people with limited mobility

email.transp. - electric transport

load - loads and impacts

electrical equipment- electrical equipment

equipment - equipment

el.svz. - telecommunication

windows.- window structures

energy - energy

Subscriber (consumer)- housing and communal services. a legal entity, as well as an entrepreneur without forming a legal entity, owning or otherwise legally owning heat consumption facilities and systems that are directly connected to public heat supply systems, who have duly concluded an agreement with a heat supply organization for the supply (reception) of heat energy and (or ) coolants. Subscribers (consumers) also include organizations authorized to provide utilities to the population living in the state (departmental), municipal or public housing stock, partnerships and other associations of owners to which the right to manage the housing stock has been transferred. (MDS 41-3.2000)

outline- schematic drawing of the area. (GOST 22268-76)

vestibule- an additional vestibule, as a rule, in front of the control zone, for waiting, obtaining information, resolving issues of entry (admission) to the building. (SP 31-102-99)

Prepaid expense- funds provided under a contract by the customer to the contractor on account of future payments for the purchase of materials, rent construction machines and other needs for the implementation of this agreement. (MDS 12-9.2001)

Emergency maintenance of a building (structures, equipment, communications and housing and communal facilities) is a set of priority operations and measures for the immediate elimination of accidents and malfunctions, the preservation and restoration of the conditions necessary for the life support and safety of consumers. (GOST R 51929-02)

Emergency water supplyreservoir- water supply in the reservoir, provided for when supplying one conduit for the period of liquidation of an accident on it. (GOST 25151-82)

Emergency power supply- the mode of operation of the power supply system, in which, as a result of a failure (or a combination of failures) of the elements of the system, compliance with technical standards becomes impossible. The onset of emergency mode requires a reduction or complete cessation of traffic. (SNiP 2.05.09-90)

Emergency mode of the electrical installation- operation of a faulty electrical installation, in which dangerous situations may arise, leading to electrical injury to people interacting with the electrical installation. (GOST 12.1.038-82)

Accident- destruction of structures and (or) technical devices used at a hazardous production facility, uncontrolled explosion and (or) release of hazardous substances. (); - a dangerous man-made incident that creates a threat to the life and health of people at an object in a certain territory or water area and leads to the destruction of buildings, structures, equipment and Vehicle, disruption of the production or transport process, as well as damage to the natural environment. (GOST 22.0.05-97, SP 11-107-98)

Road service of the enterprise- economic subdivision of the enterprise, carrying out current and scheduled repairs of roads of industrial enterprises. (SNiP 2.05.07-91)

Automatic fire detector- fire detector. reacting to the factors accompanying the fire. (GOST 12.2.047-86)

extra large carload capacity- a car, road train or other motor vehicle, the axle loads of which exceed 100 kN (10 tf), and the width dimension is more than 2.5 m. (SNiP 2.05.07-91)

Company road- a departmental road intended for the transportation of goods and servicing the enterprise and being on its balance sheet. (SNiP 2.05.07-91)

Autonomous (individual) boiler room- a boiler house intended for heat supply of one building or structure. (SNiP 11-35-76)

Parking (parking forcars)- a building, structure (part of a building, structure) or a special open area intended only for the storage (parking) of cars. (SNiP 21-02-99); - a room located within the house, in an annex to it or in a separate building, intended for storage or parking of cars, not equipped for their repair or maintenance. (SNiP 31-02-2001)

Open car park- parking without external wall protections. An open parking lot is also considered to be a structure that is open on at least two opposite sides of the greatest extent. A side is considered open if the total area of ​​the holes distributed along the side is at least 50% of the outer surface of this side in each tier (floor). (SNiP 21-02-99)

car parks With ramps (ramps)- car parks that use a series of constantly rising (lowering) floors or a series of connecting ramps between the floors that allow the motor vehicle to move under its own power from and to ground level. (SNiP 21-02-99)

Motor transport service of the enterprise- economic division of the enterprise, providing transportation of goods, storage, maintenance and repair vehicles enterprises. (SNiP 2.05.07-91)

Appraisal agencies- licensed companies that carry out an independent professional assessment of residential premises that are the subject of mortgage collateral (when issuing mortgage loan, when selling the pledged property, bidding, etc.). ()

Appraisal agencies qualified by MIA- agencies that meet the requirements of the Moscow Mortgage Agency (MIA) and, on the basis of this, are recommended by it for an independent professional assessment of residential premises in the mortgage lending market. ()

Agency Moscow Municipal Insurance- carries out all forms of insurance related to mortgage lending, including certain credit risks of financial institutions operating under the Moscow Mortgage Program.()

Cash unit (M2)- represents the volume of cash in circulation (outside banks) and balances of funds of non-financial enterprises, organizations, individual entrepreneurs, the population on settlement, current, deposit and other demand accounts (including accounts for settlements using plastic cards) and term accounts opened in credit organizations in the currency of the Russian Federation. ()

Aggregate fire extinguishing installation- a fire extinguishing installation, in which the technical means of detecting a fire, storing, releasing and transporting a fire extinguishing agent are structurally independent units mounted directly on the protected object. (GOST 12.3.046-91)

Enveloping Aggression- influence of unfavorable factors of intensive precipitation of condensate of acids or alkalis from a sharp change in the temperature of flue gases at the exit from the pipe. (SP 13-101-99)

Agrotechnical measures- a set of scientifically based methods of soil cultivation in order to reproduce the fertility of agricultural land. ()

Agrochemical measures- a set of scientifically based methods for the use of agrochemicals and pesticides in order to reproduce the fertility of agricultural land while ensuring measures for their safe handling in order to protect the environment. ()

Agrochemical service- activities to provide producers of agricultural products with agrochemicals and pesticides, peat and products of its processing, gypsum, lime and organic fertilizers, technologies, equipment, as well as activities to implement agrotechnical, agrochemical, reclamation, phytosanitary, anti-erosion and other measures, to conduct scientific research in the field of ensuring the fertility of agricultural land. ()

Adaptation- inst. adaptation to new conditions, adaptation of the living environment, buildings and structures, taking into account the needs of people with limited mobility. (SNiP 35-01-2001); - adaptation to new conditions; changes in the architectural environment of buildings, taking into account the needs of people with limited mobility. (SP 31-102-99)

Azimuth (geographic azimuth)- dihedral angle between the plane of the meridian of a given point and a vertical plane passing in a given direction, counted from the north direction in a clockwise direction. (GOST 22268-76)

water area- a body of water limited by natural, artificial or conditional boundaries. ()

Accreditation- the procedure by which an authoritative body officially recognizes the competence of a person or body to perform specific work; official recognition of the authority to carry out any activity in the field of certification. (RDS 10-231-93)

Normative act- subordinate, i.e. not contradicting the law, a document of a state body or public organization, which specifies legal norms that have direct effect; may be indefinitely - long-term or temporary. ()

Active mineral additive to cement- mineral additive to cement, which in a finely divided state has hydraulic or pozzolanic properties. (GOST 30515-97)

cement activity- the actual compressive strength of samples from a standard cement slurry, made and tested under standard conditions established by a regulatory document. (GOST 30515-97)

activated sludge- sludge containing microorganisms that sorb and decompose pollutants in wastewater. (GOST 25150-82)

Organization assets- as a rule, it is understood: - property (machines and mechanisms, warehouses and materials, temporary buildings and objects existing on the construction site, the construction site itself, etc.); - the financial status of the organization (cash, settlement accounts, securities, possible claims of third parties); - labor force (management apparatus, workers and technical workers, partners); - "indirect assets" (incoming and outgoing information, new technologies and techniques, reputation, etc.). ()

Accent- inst. a contrasting landmark, an element of the architectural environment, informationally significant for visitors (consumers), including those with limited mobility. (SP 31-102-99)

Acceptance- 1) one of the forms of non-cash payments for the delivered products, services rendered or work performed, which determines the consent to payment or guarantee of payment of monetary, settlement, commodity documents or material assets, as well as consent to conclude an agreement on the proposed terms. (2) acceptance by the payer (drawee) of obligations to pay a bill of exchange (draft) within the period specified in it. (); 3) consent to conclude an agreement on the terms proposed by the other party. (); 4) the response of the person to whom the offer is addressed about its acceptance is recognized. The acceptance must be complete and unconditional. The performance by the person who received the offer, within the period established for its acceptance, of actions to fulfill the terms of the contract specified in it (shipment of goods, provision of services, performance of work, payment of the appropriate amount, etc.) is considered acceptance, unless otherwise provided by law, other legal acts or not specified in the offer. ()

Joint-stock company- a commercial organization, the authorized capital of which is divided into a certain number of shares, certifying the obligations of the company's participants (shareholders) in relation to the company. ()

Joint Stock investment fund - an open joint stock company, the exclusive subject of activity of which is the investment of property in securities and other objects provided for by the Federal Law, and whose company name contains the words "joint stock investment fund" or "investment fund". ()

Stock- issuance security that secures the rights of its owner (shareholder) to receive part of the profit of the joint-stock company in the form of dividends, to participate in the management of the joint-stock company and to part of the property remaining after its liquidation. The issue of bearer shares is permitted in a certain ratio to the amount of the paid authorized capital of the issuer in accordance with the standard established Federal Commission on the securities market. ()

Alternative fuels- types of fuel (compressed and liquefied gas, biogas, producer gas, biomass processing products, water-coal fuel and others), the use of which reduces or replaces consumption energy resources more expensive and scarce species. ()

Shock absorber (energy absorbing device)- a device that reduces to a safe value the dynamic load acting on the human body during the protective action of the belt. (GOST R 50849-96)

Risk analysis is the definition and assessment of risk combined. The definition of risk is the basis of risk management: you cannot start working with a risk if you do not know that it exists at all. It is necessary to find out how the organization can incur a loss and what are its possible reasons. Risk assessment includes an assessment of those risks that have already been identified in terms of their severity (that is, the actual harm they will cause to the organization if they occur). (, )

Analyzed period- the period of time over which the batch average coefficient of variation of density is calculated to assign the required density during the subsequent controlled period. (GOST 27005-86); - the period of time over which the batch average coefficient of variation of strength is calculated to assign the required strength during the subsequent controlled period. (GOST 18105-86)

Analytical accounting- accounting, which is kept in personal, material and other analytical accounts accounting, grouping detailed information about property, liabilities and business transactions within each synthetic account. ()

Analog- products of domestic or foreign production, similar to the product being compared, with a similar functional purpose and conditions of use. (GOST 2.116-84)

Analogue of the object of assessment- another object similar in terms of basic economic, material, technical and other characteristics to the object of assessment, the price of which is known from a transaction that took place under similar conditions. ()

Anaerobic waste treatment processwaters- the process of destruction of organic substances by microorganisms in the absence of atmospheric oxygen. (GOST 25150-82)

Engobe- a thin layer of clay suspension applied to the surface of a ceramic tile before it is fired or glazed and covering the surface partially or completely. (ST SEV 3979-83)

Borrower underwriting- assessment by the lender of the probability of repayment of the mortgage loan and determination of the maximum possible amount of the mortgage loan, taking into account the income of the borrower, the availability of own funds for down payment and evaluation of the subject of mortgage. ()

Anisotropy- jbk. dissimilarity of properties (here - mechanical) in different directions. (SNiP 2.03.01-84)

Anchor grip- capture, the action of which is based on the retention of the load by fixing the embedded element of the capture in the cavity of the load. (GOST 25032-81)

Earth gravity anomaly- the difference between the measured value of the Earth's gravity and its normal value at a given point. (GOST 22268-76)

Ensembles- city building groups of isolated or combined monuments, buildings and structures of fortification, palace, residential, public, administrative, commercial, industrial, scientific, educational purposes, as well as monuments and structures of religious purpose (temple complexes, datsans, monasteries, farmsteads) clearly localized in historically developed territories ), including fragments of historical layouts and buildings of settlements, which can be attributed to urban planning ensembles. ()

flame retardant- substances or mixtures added to a material (substance) of organic origin to reduce its combustibility. (GOST 12.1.033-81)

Mezzanine- a platform inside the building, on which premises for various purposes are located (industrial, administrative and household or for engineering equipment). (SNiP 31-03-01)

anthropogenic object- an object created by man to meet his social needs and does not have the properties of natural objects. ()

enfilade- a group of sequentially located rooms or open spaces with common passages (doors) located along the same axis; a space organization option that facilitates accessibility for people with limited mobility. (SP 31-102-99)

Apparatus (device) telemechanics- a device that performs an auxiliary independent function (conversion, amplification, summation, etc.) and represents a single design. (GOST 2.752-71)

Arbitration measurements (tests)- measurements (tests), which are repeatedly carried out in a narrower range of values ​​of climatic factors to resolve controversial issues related to the need to determine the exact values ​​of the parameters of products that are critical to the effects of climatic factors. Note. Arbitration measurements (tests) are usually carried out if the coefficients of dependence of product parameters on the values ​​of climatic factors (reduction coefficients) are unknown and if the exact climatic conditions under which the product parameters were measured during initial tests are unknown. (GOST 15150-69)

Arbitration manager (temporary manager, external manager, bankruptcy manager)- a person appointed by the arbitration court to conduct bankruptcy proceedings and exercise other powers established by the Federal Law. ()

Arbolit- cm. Concrete on organic aggregates

Residential tenant- a person who has been given a dwelling for temporary possession and use or for temporary use. ()

Land tenants- persons owning and using land plots under a lease agreement, a sublease agreement. ()

Landlord- 1) the owner of the housing stock or a person authorized by him who provides the dwelling to the tenant for temporary possession and use or for temporary use. (); 2) the right to lease property belongs to its owner. Landlords may also be persons authorized by law or the owner to lease property. ()

Reinforcing steel smooth- round rods with a smooth surface that does not have a corrugation to improve adhesion to concrete. (GOST 10884-94)

Reinforcing steel of a periodic profile- rods with transverse protrusions (grooving) evenly spaced on their surface at an angle to the longitudinal axis of the rod to improve adhesion to concrete. (GOST 10884-94)

Profile number- alphanumeric designation of a specific profile design included in the profile system, set in the technical documentation. (GOST 30673-99)

Articulation table- a table with phonetic elements of speech applied to it, used in determining intelligibility. (GOST 25902-83)

architectural activity- professional activity of citizens (architects), aimed at creating an architectural object and including the creative process of creating an architectural project, coordinating the development of all sections project documentation for construction or reconstruction, architectural supervision of the construction of an architectural object, as well as the activities of legal entities in organizing the professional activities of architects. ()

architectural environment- a set of appearance and space of buildings and structures designed for certain functions and endowed with the necessary and sufficient information content for the consumer, including with the help of architectural plasticity. (SP 31-102-99)

architectural solution- the author's intention of an architectural object - its external and internal appearance, spatial, planning and functional organization, recorded in the architectural part of the construction documentation and implemented in the constructed architectural object. (, )

Architectural and planning task- a set of requirements for the purpose, main parameters and placement of an architectural object on a specific land plot, as well as mandatory environmental, technical, organizational and other conditions for its design and construction, provided for by the legislation of the Russian Federation and the legislation of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation. ()

architectural object- a building, a structure, a complex of buildings and structures, their interior, objects of improvement, landscape or gardening art, created on the basis of an architectural project. ()

Architectural project - the architectural part of the documentation for construction and urban planning documentation, containing architectural solutions that comprehensively take into account social, economic, functional, engineering, technical, fire safety, sanitary and hygienic, environmental, architectural and artistic and other requirements for the object to the extent necessary for the development of documentation for the construction of objects in the design of which the participation of an architect is required. ()

Architectural drawing of a window unit- frontal view of the window block, which determines the configuration and proportions of its overall dimensions and glazing fields. (GOST 23166-99)

asbestos cement- composite building material based on asbestos and cement. (ST SEV 4926-84)

Asbestos-cement non-pressure pipe- a pipe intended for use in pipelines with a pressure of a transported liquid or gas not exceeding atmospheric pressure. (ST SEV 4926-84)

Asbestos cement pressure pipe- a pipe intended for use in pipelines with excess (exceeding atmospheric) pressure of the transported liquid or gas. (ST SEV 4926-84)

Asbestos-cement panel- a product that is a planar building element with asbestos-cement outer surfaces and an inner space filled, if necessary, with insulating material, intended for use in a vertical position. (ST SEV 4926-84)

Asbestos-cement slab- a product that is a planar building element with asbestos-cement outer surfaces and an inner space filled, if necessary, with insulating material, intended for use in a horizontal position. (ST SEV 4926-84)

Asbestos-cement fitting- an asbestos-cement product of complex shape, which is used for interfaces in the roof. (ST SEV 4926-84)

Asbestos-cement ventilation duct- a hollow product, of rectangular cross section, intended for the installation of ventilation systems. (ST SEV 4926-84)

Asbestos-cement semi-cylinder- asbestos-cement product in the form of an open straight cylinder, intended for the installation of a protective casing on the heat-insulating layer of the pipeline. (ST SEV 4926-84)

Asbestos-cement channel- a product similar in shape to a steel rolling channel, intended for the manufacture of a frame of building structures. (ST SEV 4926-84)

Association (union)- commercial organizations in order to coordinate their business activities, as well as to represent and protect common property interests may, by agreement among themselves, create associations in the form of associations or unions, which are non-profit organizations. Public and other non-profit organizations, including institutions, may voluntarily unite into associations (unions) of these organizations. The association (union) of non-profit organizations is non-profit organization. The name of the association (union) must contain an indication of the main subject of activity of its members with the inclusion of the word "association" or "union". ()

Astronomical longitude- dihedral angle between the planes of the astronomical meridian of the given point and the initial astronomical meridian. (GOST 22268-76)

Astronomical latitude- the angle formed by a plumb line at a given point and a plane perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the Earth. (GOST 22268-76)

Astronomical coordinates- components of the direction of the plumb line at a given point in space relative to the plane perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the Earth, and the plane of the initial astronomical meridian. (GOST 22268-76)

Astronomical azimuth- dihedral angle between the plane of the astronomical meridian of a given point and a vertical plane passing in a given direction, counted from the north direction in a clockwise direction. (GOST 22268-76)

Astronomical zenith- the point of intersection of the plumb line with the celestial sphere. (GOST 22268-76)

Astronomical zenith distance- the angle between the directions to the astronomical zenith of a given point and to another point. (GOST 22268-76)

Astronomical leveling of the geoid surface- a method for determining the height of the geoid from astronomical and geodetic data. (GOST 22268-76)

Astronomical geodetic network- geodetic network, on part of the points of which astronomical coordinates and azimuths are determined. (GOST 22268-76)

Astronomical gravimetric leveling- a method for determining the height of the geoid by sharing astronomical-geodesic and gravimetric data. (GOST 22268-76)

asphalt concrete- compacted asphalt mix. (GOST 9128-97)

asphalt mix- a rationally selected mixture of mineral materials [crushed stone (gravel) and sand with or without mineral powder] with bitumen, taken in certain proportions and mixed in a heated state. (GOST 9128-97)

atmospheric air- a vital component of the natural environment, which is a natural mixture of atmospheric gases located outside residential, industrial and other premises. ()

weather resistant flame retardant- a substance that provides, within the specified limits, long-term fire protection of products that are constantly under the influence of atmospheric factors. (GOST 12.1.033-81)

Certification of realtors- checking the level of knowledge and qualifications (certification) of candidates for professional realtors is one of the requirements and conditions for the subsequent obtaining of a license by a real estate company (realtor). Regulations on certification of realtors are approved by the Government of the Russian Federation. ()

Audit activity, audit - entrepreneurial activity on independent verification of accounting and financial (accounting) statements of organizations and individual entrepreneurs (audited persons). ()

Aerobic wastewater treatment process- the process of destruction of organic substances by microorganisms in the presence of atmospheric oxygen. (GOST 25150-82)

Aerodrome (heliport)- a piece of land or water surface with buildings, structures and equipment located on it, intended for take-off, landing, taxiing and parking of aircraft. (); - a land or water area specially prepared and equipped to ensure takeoff, landing, taxiing, parking and maintenance of aircraft. (SNiP 32-03-96)

Joint airfield- an aerodrome where civil aircraft, state aircraft and (or) aircraft of experimental aviation are jointly based. The list of jointly based airfields is approved by the Government of the Russian Federation. ()

Shared airfield- an aerodrome of state aviation, where takeoff, landing, taxiing and parking of civil aircraft are carried out, performing scheduled flights and not having the right to be based at this aerodrome. The decision on the joint use of the state aviation aerodrome is made by a specially authorized body in charge of this aerodrome. ()

Aerodrome pavements- structures that perceive loads and impacts from aircraft, operational and natural factors. Includes top and bottom layers. (SNiP 32-03-96)

Aerodrome facilities- structures, including ground elements of the airfield, ground bases, airfield pavements, drainage and drainage systems, as well as special sites and structures. (SNiP 32-03-96)

Aerosol irrigation- irrigation with tiny drops of water to control the temperature and humidity of the surface layer of the atmosphere. (SNiP 2.06.03-85)

Aerospace sensing- a set of remote research methods used in engineering and environmental surveys, including multi-zone and spectral-zonal aerial photography, thermal infrared aerial photography, perspective aerial photography in combination with materials from space photo, scanner, television, radar, infrared and other types of surveys carried out from artificial satellites of the Earth , orbital stations and manned spacecraft. In the practice of engineering and environmental surveys, photo and scanner surveys are most widely used. Other types of surveys are considered as auxiliary for solving a narrow range of special tasks. (SP 11-102-97)

The airport- a complex of structures, including an aerodrome, an air terminal, and other structures, intended for the reception and departure of aircraft, air transportation services and having the necessary equipment for these purposes, aviation personnel and other workers. ()

Aerotank forwastewater treatment- a facility for biological wastewater treatment with air aeration. (GOST 25150-82)

Database- an objective form of presentation and organization of a set of data (articles, calculations, and so on), systematized in such a way that these data can be found and processed using an electronic computer (computer). ()

Base for measuring longitudinal (transverse) linear deformations of the sample- a fixed distance between the fixed supports, within which the longitudinal (transverse) deformation of the sample changes. (GOST 24452-80)

Test base- pre-set maximum duration of endurance tests in cycles. (GOST 24545-81)

Rental base for mobile (inventory) buildings and (or) structures- a specialized organization whose functions include providing construction with mobile (inventory buildings and (or) structures, including their transportation, installation, operation and dismantling. (GOST 25957-83)

Basic network- geod. a system of triangles that serves to transition from the length of the geodesic basis to the length of the triangulation side in a trigonometric way. (GOST 22268-76)

Base side- geod. the side of a triangulation triangle, the length of which is determined from direct measurements and serves as the starting point for determining the lengths of other sides. (GOST 22268-76)

Basic (constant) cost level- value based on estimated prices fixed on some accepted date. This level of estimated cost is intended to compare results investment activity at different times, economic analysis various areas this activity, and is also used as a basis for determining the value at the current level. (, SP 81-01-94, MDS 81-1.99)

Basic (typical) elemental cement consumption rate- net consumption of cement required for the manufacture of 1 cu. m of concrete of a given quality, according to standard technology, from materials with averaged standard quality indicators. (SNiP 82-02-95)

Basic design document designation- designation of a group or basic main design document. (GOST 2.113-75)

Basic objects- institutions and enterprises that organize and provide periodic maintenance of a group of settlements within the boundaries of the territory of local self-government. (SP 30-102-99)

Basic design document- a design document containing permanent performance data for two or more products. (GOST 2.113-75)

Basic Sample- a product sample accepted for comparison when assessing its technical level and quality, characterizing advanced scientific and technological achievements for a specified period. (GOST 2.116-84)

Basic way to execute design documents- a way to execute a set of design documents for products, in which all versions of these products are contained in one basic main design document. (GOST 2.113-75)

Basic section of the enclosing structure- a section of the enclosing structure, the state of thermal insulation of which is taken as a standard when monitoring the quality of thermal insulation of other sections of the enclosing structure. (GOST 26629-85)

Order book balance- is determined by the difference in the shares of respondents who marked "above normal" and "below normal", according to the expected number of employed - who noted "increase" and "decrease".()

Interest balance- the difference between the percentage of positive answers and the percentage of negative answers. It is a way of interpreting answers to questions that are supposed to give one of several answers. ()

Thermal energy balanceheat supply systems (heat balance)- housing and communal services. the result of the distribution of the amounts of thermal energy released by the heat source (sources), taking into account losses in the transmission and distribution of thermal energy up to the boundaries of operational responsibility and used by subscribers; (MDS 41-3.2000)

Balance of heat carriers of the heat supply system (water balance; steam condensate balance)- housing and communal services. the result of the distribution of quantities of heat carriers (network water; steam; condensate) released by the heat source (sources), taking into account losses during transportation to the limits of operational responsibility and used by subscribers; (MDS 41-3.2000)

Balcony- a fenced area protruding from the plane of the facade wall, which serves for recreation in the summer. (SNiP 2.08.01-89)

balcony door block- translucent construction designed to provide a message interior with a balcony (loggia), natural lighting of the room and protection from atmospheric and noise influences. The balcony door unit consists of assembly units: a frame, a door leaf and, in some cases, a transom. (GOST 23166-99)

Bank- a credit institution that has the exclusive right to carry out in the aggregate banking operations provided for by the federal law "On Banks and Banking Activity". (GOST R 51110-97)

Banking system of the Russian Federation- a system that includes central bank Russian Federation (Bank of Russia), credit institutions, branches and representative offices of foreign banks, intended for legal regulation banking activities in accordance With the Constitution of the Russian Federation, the federal law "On banks and banking activity" and other federal laws and regulations Bank of Russia. (GOST R 51110-97)

Bankruptcy (insolvency)- recognized by the arbitration court or declared by the debtor the inability of the debtor to fully satisfy the claims of creditors for monetary obligations and (or) fulfill the obligation to make mandatory payments (bankruptcy). ()

Drum- the crowning part of the temple, bearing a dome or a multifaceted closed vault and having a cylindrical or polyhedral shape. In most cases, it has window openings. A blind drum without window openings is called a neck. (SP 31-103-99)

pressure level is the vertical distance corresponding to a change in atmospheric pressure per unit. (GOST 22268-76)

barometric leveling- leveling based on the relationship between altitude and atmospheric pressure. (GOST 22268-76)

Barrier- bank. bulletproof, rigidly fixed at the installation site of protective bank equipment (SZB), designed to ensure the safety of bank personnel, security personnel and prevent free passage. (GOST R 51110-97)

Surface water body basin- a territory that includes the catchment areas of hydraulically connected reservoirs and streams, the main of which flows into the sea or lake. ()

Traveling (translational) waves- waves, the visible form of which moves in space. (SNiP 2.06.04-82)

Non-documentary form of issuance securities- a form of emissive securities, in which the owner is identified on the basis of an entry in the system for maintaining the register of securities holders or, in the case of securities deposit, on the basis of an entry on the depo account. ()

Strapless belt- equipment. a safety belt, including: a carrying belt covering the waist or chest of a person, having a broadened support in the dorsal part (sash), a sling with a carabiner or a catcher for attaching to supports. (GOST R 50849-96)

Non-pressure hydraulic transport- hydraulic industrial transport, the pipeline of which operates when incompletely filled with slurry (with a free flow surface). (SNiP 2.05.07-91)

Safe distance- the smallest distance between a person and a source of a dangerous and harmful production factor, at which a person is outside the danger zone. (GOST 12.0.002-80)

Safety- the state of protection of the vital interests of the individual, society and the state from internal and external threats. (); - the absence of unacceptable risk associated with the possibility of causing damage. Note: In the field of standardization, the safety of products, works (processes) and services is usually considered in order to achieve an optimal balance of a number of factors, including such non-technical factors as human behavior, to reduce the risk associated with the possibility of damage to the environment, human health and property safety. to an acceptable level. (GOST R 1.0-92, GOST R 51110-97)

Safety of hydraulic structures- property of hydraulic structures, which allows to ensure the protection of life, health and legitimate interests of people, the environment and economic facilities. ()

Production Equipment Safety- the property of production equipment to comply with labor safety requirements during installation (dismantling) and operation under conditions established by regulatory documentation. (GOST 12.0.002-80)

Process safety- the property of the production process to comply with the requirements of labor safety when it is carried out under the conditions established by the regulatory documentation. (GOST 12.0.002-80)

Safety of goods (works, services)- safety of the goods (work, service) for life, health, property of the consumer and the environment under normal conditions of its use, storage, transportation and disposal, as well as the safety of the process of performing work (rendering a service). ()

Safe conditions for humans- the state of the environment, in which there is no danger of the harmful effects of its factors on humans. ()

Safe working conditions- working conditions under which the impact on workers of harmful or hazardous production factors is excluded or the levels of their impact do not exceed the established standards. (, , SNiP 12-03-2001); - the state of working conditions under which the impact on the worker of dangerous and harmful production factors is excluded or the impact of harmful production factors does not exceed the maximum permissible values. (GOST 12.0.002-80, SP 12-132-99)

Reliability- housing and communal services. the property of a heat supply system to remain operational continuously for a given time or a given operating time. (MDS 41-6.2000)

White- cement. property of white Portland cements, characterized by the coefficient of reflection of light by the surface of the sample. (GOST 965-89)

white portland cement- Portland cement containing white Portland cement clinker, gypsum or its derivatives. (GOST 965-89)

White Portland cement with additives- Portland cement containing white Portland cement clinker, gypsum or its derivatives, not more than 20% of additives. (GOST 965-89)

White Portland cement clinker- clinker, consisting mainly of calcium silicates and aluminates, obtained by firing before sintering a low-iron raw mixture and having a whiteness of at least 70% on an absolute scale in a crushed state. (GOST 965-89)

Right of way for inland waterways (ROW)- coastal land allotment along the inland waterway, provided in the prescribed manner for work related to the provision of navigation. (GOST 26775-97)

Concrete- an artificial stone-like material, which is a hardened concrete mixture. There are the following stages of concrete readiness: concrete mix, fresh concrete and hardened concrete. (GOST 25192-82)

concrete panel- a panel, the strength of which during the operation stage is provided by one concrete. The concrete panel has structural reinforcement and may have design reinforcement designed to absorb the forces that arise during the manufacture and transportation of the panel and during the installation of the wall. The panel is considered concrete if the working reinforcement is available only in limited areas (for example, in support zones, zones of stress concentration from local loads). (GOST 11024-84); - a panel with structural reinforcement, the strength of which during the operation stage is provided by one concrete. Concrete panels also include panels in which the working reinforcement is located only in limited areas (for example, in the lintel above the opening, cantilever ledge, support zones, stress concentration zones from local loads) and there is no vertical working reinforcement. (GOST 12504-80)

Concrete polymers- special concretes on a mineral binder, impregnated with monomers or polymers with their subsequent curing. (GOST 25192-82)

Decorative concrete- special concretes intended for finishing buildings and structures. (GOST 25192-82)

Heat-resistant concrete- special concretes designed to work under conditions of exposure to temperatures from 200 to 1800°C. (GOST 25192-82)

Structural concrete- concretes of load-bearing and enclosing structures of buildings and structures, the determining quality requirements of which are the requirements for physical and mechanical characteristics. (GOST 25192-82)

Coarse-porous concrete- concretes in which the space between the grains of coarse and fine aggregates is not completely filled or not filled at all with small aggregates and hardened binders, porous additives that regulate porosity in a volume of not more than 7%. (GOST 25192-82)

Lightweight concrete- concretes on cement binder, porous coarse and porous or dense fine aggregates. (GOST 25192-82)

Fine-grained concrete (sand concrete)- concretes of dense structure on cement binder and dense fine aggregates. (GOST 25192-82)

Concrete on gypsum binders- concretes based on semi-aqueous gypsum or anhydrite (including gypsum-cement-pozzolanic, etc. binders). (GOST 25192-82)

Concrete on lime binders- concretes based on lime in combination with hydraulic active and (or) silica components (cement, slag, ash, quartz sand and active mineral additives). (GOST 25192-82)

Concrete onorganic fillers (arbolit)- concretes based on cement binder and vegetable origin of organic aggregates (crushed wood from production waste, cotton stalks or rice straw, hemp and flax fire). (GOST 25192-82)

Concrete on dense aggregates- concretes on aggregates from dense rocks or slags. (GOST 25192-82)

Concrete on porous aggregates- concretes on artificial and natural mineral porous aggregates, as well as on porous large and dense small aggregates. (GOST 25192-82)

Concrete on cement binders (cement concrete)- concretes based on clinker cements. (GOST 25192-82)

Concrete on slag binders- concretes based on ground slags and ashes with hardening activators (alkaline solutions, lime, cement or gypsum). (GOST 25192-82)

Prestressing concretes- special concretes based on self-stressing cement, expanding during hardening and designed to create a prestress (self-stress) in the structure during its hardening. (GOST 25192-82)

Dense concrete- concretes, in which the space between the grains of coarse and fine or only fine aggregates is filled with a hardened binder and pores of entrained gas or air, including those formed through the use of additives that regulate porosity in a volume of not more than 7%. (GOST 25192-82)

Radiation-protective concretes- special concretes designed to protect against exposure to radiation. (GOST 25192-82)

Silicate concrete- concretes on lime binders of autoclave and non-autoclave hardening. (GOST 25192-82)

Special concretes- concretes, which are subject to special requirements in accordance with their purpose. (GOST 25192-82)

Heat-insulating concretes- special concretes intended for thermal insulation of structures, buildings and structures. (GOST 25192-82)

heavy concrete- dense concrete on cement binder and dense large and small aggregates. (GOST 25192-82)

Chemically resistant concretes- special concretes designed to work in conditions of exposure to aggressive environments. (GOST 25192-82)

Cement-polymer concretes- special concretes based on a cement binder, the aggregates of which are treated with a polymer composition before making the concrete mixture. (GOST 25192-82)

Cellular concrete- concretes, in which the main part of the volume is made up of evenly distributed pores in the form of cells obtained with the help of gas or foam formers. (GOST 25192-82)

Biological wastewater treatment- technological processes for wastewater treatment based on the ability of biological organisms to decompose pollutants. (GOST 25150-82)

biofilm- a film of bacteria and other organisms on the surface of the biological filter loading, oxidizing and mineralizing pollutants. (GOST 25150-82)

biological pond- reservoir for biological wastewater treatment in natural conditions. (GOST 25150-82)

biological filter- a facility for wastewater treatment, operating on the principle of passing them through a load with a biological film. (GOST 25150-82)

Biostability- resistance of a parquet product to destruction by biological agents. (GOST 4.223-83)

dry closet- a device for processing fecal waste into organic fertilizer by using a biological oxidation process activated by electrical heating or chemical additives. (SNiP 30-02-97)

Biochemical oxygen demand in wastewater- the amount of oxygen consumed for the biochemical oxidation of pollutants contained in wastewater in a certain time interval. (GOST 25150-82)

Curve bisector- geod. a straight line segment connecting the vertex of the angle of rotation of the route with the middle of the curve. (GOST 22268-76)

Favorable environment- the environment, the quality of which ensures the sustainable functioning of natural ecological systems, natural and natural-anthropogenic objects. ()

Favorable conditions for human life- the state of the environment, in which there is no harmful effect of its factors on humans (harmless conditions) and there are opportunities for restoring disturbed functions of the human body. ()

Landscaping- a set of measures that ensure the accessibility of visitors with limited mobility and include: creating an artificial landscape (landscaping), paving paths for pedestrians and the roadway, outdoor lighting, creating recreation and entertainment areas on the site, as well as providing information to visitors. (SP 31-102-99)

Block- crap. the bearing part of the stamp, which has a mounting and assembly purpose. (GOST 2.424-80); - equipment. closed or open space formwork, assembled from panels or individual panels. (GOST 23478-79)

Residential block- an autonomous part of a blocked residential building, including one apartment and, if necessary, other premises. (SNiP 31-02-2001)

Pipe block- several units and elements of the pipeline, enlarged before installation on the installation site. (MDS 81-29.2001)

Glass blocks- all-glass products, unpainted or colored, intended for laying translucent enclosing structures of buildings. They differ: hollow with a hermetic air cavity formed during welding of two semi-blocks; hollow with an open air cavity; solid without cavity. (ST SEV 2439-80)

Blocked residential building- a building of an apartment type, consisting of two or more apartments, each of which has direct access to the adjacent plot. (SNiP 2.08.01-89); - a house consisting of two or more apartments, each of which has direct access to its own plot of land. (SP 30-102-99)

block container- volume element of full factory readiness. Note: A volumetric element can be closed, open, transformable. (GOST 25957-83)

Lateral daylight- natural lighting of the room through the light openings in the outer walls. (SNiP 23-05-95)

Border- fencing of traffic routes and spaces with homogeneous elements of low height, combining functions according to the criteria of safety and information content. (SP 31-102-99)

Board- equipment. a mold element designed to form part of the outer perimeter of the product outside the plane of the pallet. (GOST 25781-83)

Base board- equipment. the board of the group form, on which the forming elements are fixed. (GOST 25781-83)

Board transverse (end)- equipment. board located on the short side of the form. (GOST 25781-83) Board longitudinal- equipment. board, located on the long side of the form. (GOST 25781-83) The board is elastic- equipment. board connected to the pallet by an elastic hinge. (GOST 25781-83)

Onboard equipment (board equipment)- a set of forming elements designed to form the surfaces of the product outside the plane of the pallet; - a set of boards that are an inventory of the molding post. (GOST 25781-83)

Fire hose (fire barrel)- a device installed at the end of the pressure line for the formation and direction of fire extinguishing jets. (GOST 12.2.047-86)

Reservation emergency- housing and communal services. minimum flow thermal energy and (or) heat carriers, ensuring a safe state for the personnel and the environment of the enterprise with a completely stopped technological process; (MDS 41-3.2000)

Technological armor- housing and communal services. the lowest consumption of thermal energy and (or) heat carriers and the length of time required by the consumer for safe completion technological process, production cycle, after which the corresponding heat-using equipment can be turned off; (MDS 41-3.2000)

Bar (profile)- windows. profile detail of a sash, box, strapping of a leaf from any material or combination of materials (profiled wooden detail, polyvinyl chloride profile, metal profile (including combined, with a thermal insert). (GOST 23166-99); extrusion method, with a given shape and dimensions of the section (GOST 30673-99)

Financial statements- a unified system of data on the property and financial position of the organization and the results of its economic activities, compiled on the basis of accounting data according to established forms. ()

Fast flow on the sewer- a straight section of a sewer collector, laid with a slope that creates increased speeds of wastewater movement. (GOST 25150-82)

Household buildings of enterprises- buildings designed to accommodate service premises for workers: sanitary, public health, Catering, trade and household services, culture. (SNiP 2.09.04-87)

Household electrical installations- electrical installations used in residential, municipal and public buildings of all types, such as cinemas, cinemas, clubs, schools, kindergartens, shops, hospitals, etc., with which both adults and children can interact. (GOST 12.1.038-82)

Budget- the form of formation and spending of the fund of funds intended for financial support tasks and functions of the state and local self-government. ()

budget system Russian Federation- based on economic relations and state structure Russian Federation, legally regulated set federal budget, budgets of constituent entities of the Russian Federation, local budgets and budgets of state off-budget funds. ()

budget loan- budgetary funds provided to another budget on a returnable, gratuitous or paid basis for a period of not more than six months within fiscal year. ()

Budget appropriations- budgetary funds provided by the budget list to the recipient or manager budget funds. ()

Budget credit- form of financing budget spending, which provides for the provision of funds to legal entities or other budgets on a returnable and reimbursable basis. ()

Cover cars- railway wagons additionally installed in front of the train or between the train and the locomotive in order to ensure the supply of the train for loading (unloading) explosive and flammable goods or to prevent the locomotive from entering a prohibited section of the track. (SNiP 2.05.07-91)

Glass wool- material in the form of a loose mass of entangled non-oriented glass fibers with a diameter of 1 to 35 containing beads and intended for heat and sound insulation. (ST SEV 2439-80)

Commissioning of capacities- an indicator of capacity (productivity, capacity, throughput, area, length, etc.) created as a result of investments in fixed assets. ()

Commissioning- housing and communal services. filling the heating networks and heat consumption systems of the subscriber with a coolant and putting them under pressure, carried out after the proper registration of the admission of the facility for operation. (MDS 41-3.2000)

Introductory gas pipeline- a section of the gas pipeline from the disconnecting device at the entrance to the building (when the disconnecting device is installed outside the building) to the internal gas pipeline, including the gas pipeline laid in a case through the wall of the building. (SNiP 2.04.08-87)

Departmental security- a set of administrative bodies, forces and means created by the federal executive authorities, designed to protect protected objects from unlawful encroachments. ()

Departmental communication networks- telecommunication networks of ministries and other federal executive bodies, created to meet production and special needs, with access to a public communication network. ()

fan of paths- railway a separate switch zone with a beam-like division of the railway tracks. (SNiP 2.05.07-91)

Amount of compensation (subsidies)- is defined as the difference between the amounts of payment accepted for a given period for a part of residential premises occupied according to the social norm of housing space, and utilities in accordance with the standards for their consumption and the maximum allowable expenses of citizens for paying for housing and communal services, taking into account the total family income and current benefits.()

The amount of compensation on the second basis- is defined as the difference between the amounts of payment for housing and utilities accepted for a given period based on the social norm of housing area and standards for the consumption of utilities and 0.5 of the minimum wage established by federal law. ()

The amount of compensation on the first basis- is defined as the difference between the amounts of payment for housing and utilities accepted for a given period based on the social norm of housing area and standards for the consumption of utilities and the maximum allowable expenses of citizens for paying for housing and utilities, determined in accordance with the Regulations on the procedure for providing citizens with compensation (subsidies ) to pay for housing and utilities, approved by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of June 18, 1996 No. 707. ()

Ventilation- indoor air exchange to remove excess heat, moisture, harmful and other substances in order to ensure acceptable meteorological conditions and air purity in the serviced or working area with an average unavailability of 400 h/g - for round-the-clock work and 300 h/g - for single-shift work during the daytime. (SNiP 2.04.05-91)

Veranda- a glazed unheated room attached to a building or built into it. (SNiP 2.08.01-89, SNiP 30-02-97)

Probability of exposure to fire hazards- mathematical value of the possibility of exposure to fire hazards with predetermined values ​​of their parameters. (GOST 12.1.033 - 81)

Probability of fire (burning)- the mathematical value of the possibility of the appearance of the necessary and sufficient conditions for the occurrence of a fire (burning). (GOST 12.1.033-81)

Probable displacements and deformations- the magnitude of displacements and deformations, determined in conditions when there are no calendar plans for the development of mining operations. (SNiP 2.01.09-91)

Vertical curve of the track- geod. part of the axis of the route of the designed structure, which is a curve lying in a vertical plane. (GOST 22268-76)

vertical plane- geod. a plane passing through the plumb line of a given point. (GOST 22268-76)

Vertical deformations of the earth's surface (slopes, curvature)- deformations of the earth's surface in the vertical plane, caused by uneven vertical displacements. (SNiP 2.01.09-91)

Regulatory documents of the System are subdivided into state federal documents, documents of constituent entities of the Russian Federation, and production and branch documents of business entities. Taking into account the requirements of GOST R 1.0, the following documents are developed as part of the system.

Federal regulations:
building codes and regulations of the Russian Federation SNiP
state standards of the Russian Federation in the field of construction GOST R
codes of practice for design and construction joint venture
system guidance documents RDS
Regulatory documents of the subjects of the Russian Federation:
territorial building codes TSN
Industrial and industry regulatory documents:
standards of enterprises (associations) building complex and standards of public associations STP and STO

Terms of the system of regulatory documents in construction and their definitions

N p / p The term and its equivalent in English DEFINITION The document on the basis of which the definition is given
1 2 3 4
1. REGULATORY DOCUMENTS
1.1 Regulatory document The document that sets the rules general principles or characteristics relating to certain activities or their results and available to a wide range of consumers. Notes: 1. The term "regulatory document" in the System of Regulatory Documents in Construction covers such concepts as building codes and regulations, set of rules, territorial building codes, standard. 2. The activity manifested in the development, publication and application of the normative documents of the System is denoted by the term "rationing and standardization". Terms defining goals and other aspects of regulation and standardization are accepted according to GOST R 1.0 ISO/IEC-2:1991 (clause 3.1)
1.2 Building regulations A normative document in the field of construction, adopted by an executive authority and containing mandatory requirements. Notes: 1. Building codes and regulations are a special case of technical regulation. 2. In the System of Regulatory Documents in Construction, the area of ​​construction includes objects of regulation and standardization in accordance with the structure of the system of regulatory documents. ISO/IEC -2:1991 (clauses 3.5 and 3.5.1)
1.3 Code of Practice (Design and Construction) Code of Practice A normative document recommending technical solutions or procedures for engineering surveys for construction, design, construction and installation works and the manufacture of building products, as well as the operation of building products, and determines how to achieve its compliance with the mandatory requirements of building codes, rules and standards ISO/IEC -2:1991 (clause 3.4)
1.4 Provincial Normative document (in building construction) Regulatory document in the field of construction, adopted at the level of one territorial unit of the country ISO/IEC -2:1991 (clauses 3.2.4 and 1.6.4)
1.5 Standard, international, Regional, National standard and Company standard - According to GOST R 1.0
1.6 Specification A document that specifies the technical requirements that a product, process, or service must satisfy. Notes: 1. The specification document should specify the procedures by which it can be determined whether these requirements are met. 2. Technical specifications can be a standard (standard type of technical specifications), or an independent document for specific products. 3. In accordance with the Law "On Standardization", technical specifications as an independent document are developed as part of the technical documentation for products. The technical conditions referred to in the agreements (contracts) for the products supplied in accordance with GOST R 1.0 are used as a regulatory document. ISO/IEC -2:1991 (clause 3.3)
1.7 Acknowledged rule of technology A technical position recognized by the majority of competent specialists as reflecting the state of the art. NOTE A normative document is considered to be a recognized technical rule. ISO/IEC - 2:1991 (clause 1.5)
1.8 Series of normative documents A set of interrelated regulatory documents, united by a common target orientation and establishing agreed requirements for interrelated objects of standardization (rationing) GOST R 1.0
2. CONTENT OF REGULATORY DOCUMENTS
2.1 Provision (normative document) Provision The logical unit of the content of a normative document. The provisions of regulatory documents in construction are divided: a) according to the form of presentation into norms, rules and messages; b) according to the degree of compulsion into obligatory, recommended and reference; c) by content into operational, descriptive and methodological. ISO/IEC - 2:1991 (clause 7.1.)
2.2 Norm A provision that establishes quantitative or qualitative criteria to be satisfied. Notes: 1. In ISO documents, this definition corresponds to the English term "Requirement" (requirement). 2. For norms characterizing the estimated need in natural or value form, expressed in absolute or relative terms, the term "norm" is also used. ISO/IEC - 2:1991 (clause 7.5.)
2.3 Instruction Rule A clause describing the actions to be performed ISO/IEC - 2:1991 (clause 7.3.)
2.4 Message Statement Statement containing information ISO/IEC - 2:1991 (clause 7.2.)
2.5 Mandatory provision - (requirement) Provision (norm or rule), the application of which is mandatory by law ISO/IEC - 2:1991 (clauses 7.5.1; 7.5.2; 11.4)
Note - In accordance with ISO documents, the provision of a normative document can be:
Mandatory requirement binding by general law or by reference in a regulation;
Exclusive requirement mandatory in terms of achieving compliance with the document in which this provision is contained;
optional requirement mandatory as part of the selection or additionally for certain cases (alternative requirement).
2.6 Recommendation A provision (norm or rule) containing advice or guidance that is not binding ISO/IEC - 2:1991 (clause 7.4.)
2.7 Reference Statement Statement containing information (message) ISO/IEC - 2:1991 (clause 7.2.)
2.8 Performance provision A provision that contains characteristics of the conformity of the product to its intended purpose, related to the behavior of this product during its use (performance characteristics) ISO/IEC - 2:1991 (clause 7.8.) ISO 6240 ISO 6241
2.9 Descriptive provision The provision, which contains the characteristics of the conformity of products to their intended purpose, associated with its production. Notes: 1. Descriptive clauses usually describe the design, structural details, etc. indicating the size and composition of materials. 2. For standards containing descriptive provisions, the term “prescriptive standard” is also used in ISO building materials. ISO/IEC - 2:1991 (clause 7.7.)
2.10 Methodological provision Deemed-to-satisfy provision Statement indicating one or more ways to achieve compliance with a requirement of a normative document (aimed at achieving compliance) ISO/IEC - 2:1991 (clause 7.6.)
3. HARMONIZATION OF STANDARDS AND OTHER NORMATIVE DOCUMENTS
3.1 Harmonized standards (normative documents) Harmonized standards Standards for the same object, approved by different standards bodies, to ensure interchangeability of products, processes and services and mutual understanding of test results or information. NOTE Harmonized standards may differ in presentation or even in content. ISO/IEC - 2:1991 (clause 6.1)
3.2 Identical standards (normative documents) Identical standards Harmonized standards that are identical in content and presentation ISO/IEC - 2:1991 (clause 6.3)
3.3 Comparable standards Standards for the same object, approved by different standards bodies and based on the same methods, which allow differences in requirements to be uniquely compared. NOTE Comparable standards are not harmonized standards. ISO/IEC - 2:1991 (clause 6.9)
4. OBJECTS OF REGULATION AND STANDARDIZATION IN CONSTRUCTION
4.1 Objects of urban planning Settlement systems, cities, other settlements and their parts -
4.2 Construction products Completed buildings and other building structures, as well as their complexes. Notes: 1. The phrase “buildings and structures” used in practice in the System of Regulatory Documents is understood as “buildings and other building structures”. 2. The subject of consideration in the System of Regulatory Documents in Construction is the construction part of buildings and structures, as well as engineering equipment, the function of which is to provide normal conditions for the conduct of relevant technological processes -
4.3 Building construction A single result of construction activity, intended for the implementation of certain consumer functions. -
4.4 Building Surface building structure with premises for living and (or) activities of people, placement of production facilities for storing products or keeping animals -
4.5 room The space within a building that has a specific functional purpose and limited by building structures -
4.6 Building structure Part of a building or other building structure that performs certain load-bearing, enclosing and (or) aesthetic functions -
4.7 building product Product intended for use as an element of building structures of buildings and structures -
4.8 Construction material Material (including piece). Designed for creating building structures of buildings and structures and manufacturing building products -

The structure of the system of regulatory documents in construction

Complexes of documents Main directions of standardization and regulation

1 ORGANIZATIONAL AND METHODOLOGICAL REGULATORY DOCUMENTS
10 Standardization, regulation, certification Goals, objectives, objects, methodology and organization of work on standardization, regulation and certification in construction
11 Engineering surveys for construction and design Compound, General requirements and the procedure for conducting engineering surveys for construction, pre-design and design work The order of coordination, examination and approval of projects. Types, content and design of urban planning and design estimates
12 Production Organization of construction, technological preparation and general rules construction production, mechanization of construction, ensuring labor safety and environmental protection in the construction process. Quality control and acceptance of completed construction projects. Organization of production of building products and materials. Types, content and design of technological and as-built documentation
13 Exploitation General rules for maintenance, inspection and repair of building structures and systems of engineering equipment of buildings and structures. Types, content and execution of repair and maintenance documentation
14* Urban cadastre General rules for the creation and maintenance of the urban cadastre. Types, content and execution of urban cadastre documentation
15* Architectural and urban planning activities Organizational and methodological provisions that determine the structure and functions of a unified system of bodies of architecture and urban planning. Rules and methods for the implementation of architectural activities by its participants.
2 GENERAL TECHNICAL REGULATORY DOCUMENTS
20 The main provisions of the reliability of building structures General principles for ensuring safety, serviceability and durability of building structures, engineering systems, structures and materials. Basic concepts of reliability, classification of building structures according to the degree of responsibility, load and impact of various types. Classification of failures, parameters of calculation models and principles for establishing regulatory requirements for the reliability of building structures, structures and foundations. Fundamentals of statistical acceptance control in construction
21 Fire safety General principles of security fire safety when solving urban planning, space-planning and design tasks, classification of buildings, structures and their elements by fire resistance and fire hazard, fire protection equipment, escape routes and safety zones. Fire-technical indicators of building structures, materials and products, principles of calculation, methods of control and testing
22 Protection from hazardous geophysical impacts General principles of engineering protection and characteristics of hazardous geophysical impacts (seismic, landslides, landslides, avalanches, mudflows, erosion, undermined, karst, flooded and flooded areas, etc.). Requirements for engineering surveys for construction, urban planning, space-planning. Structural and construction and technological measures to ensure the safety of people, as well as the operation of engineering protection structures
23 Indoor climate and protection from harmful influences General principles for ensuring the thermal, air-humidity, acoustic and light conditions of the premises. Characteristics of the environmental impact (including climatic impacts, vibration, noise, radiation, toxic emissions, and others). Calculation methods and constructive provision for the protection of people's health from these effects, methods of control and testing
24 Dimensional interchangeability and compatibility General principles for ensuring dimensional interchangeability and compatibility in construction, rules for coordinating dimensions, tolerances of geometric parameters. Methods for measuring and controlling accuracy
3 REGULATORY DOCUMENTS ON URBAN PLANNING, BUILDINGS AND CONSTRUCTIONS
30 urban planning The main provisions of resettlement, accommodation productive forces, development of inter-settlement, engineering and transport infrastructure of territories, planning and development of territories, settlements and their separate parts
31 Residential, public and industrial buildings and structures Classification and technical requirements for residential, public, industrial and warehouse buildings, structures and their parts. Basic provisions for the production of work, acceptance rules, methods of control and testing
32 Transport facilities Classification, loads and impacts, geometric parameters and technical requirements for structures and elements of roads and railways, subways, sea, river, air, industrial and urban transport. Basic provisions for the calculation, design and production of work, acceptance rules, methods of control and testing
33 Hydrotechnical and reclamation structures Classification, loads and impacts, basic requirements for dams, canals, dikes, bank protection and other structures. Basic provisions for the calculation, design and production of work, acceptance rules, methods of control and testing
34 Main and field pipelines Classification, loads and impacts, geometric parameters and technical requirements for pipelines and storage facilities for gas, oil and oil products, as well as their location. Basic provisions for the calculation, design and production of work, acceptance rules, methods of control and testing
35* Providing an accessible living environment for the disabled and other people with limited mobility Basic provisions and general requirements for providing an accessible living environment for people with disabilities and other people with limited mobility
4 REGULATORY DOCUMENTS FOR ENGINEERING EQUIPMENT OF BUILDINGS AND STRUCTURES AND EXTERNAL NETWORKS
40 Water supply and sewerage Classification of systems and consumers, technical requirements for external networks, structures and their placement, internal systems. Norms of water consumption, water treatment and wastewater treatment. Basic provisions for the design and production of works, mode of operation. Sanitary equipment, fittings, appliances and sewer pipes. Acceptance rules, methods of control and testing.
41 Heat supply, heating, ventilation and air conditioning Classification of systems and consumers, technical requirements for external networks and structures, their placement, network water, internal systems and equipment. Norms of heat consumption, purification of emissions, use of secondary thermal resources. Basic provisions for the design and production of works, mode of operation. Heating appliances, fittings and air ducts. Acceptance rules, methods of control and testing.
42 Gas supply Classification of systems, technical requirements for gas pipelines, equipment and disconnecting devices. Norms of gas consumption. Basic provisions for the design and production of works, mode of operation. Acceptance rules, control and test methods
Note: The requirements for the equipment of other engineering systems of buildings are accepted in accordance with the standards of the State Standard of Russia, the Rules for the Installation of Electrical Installations of the State Energy Supervision Authority and the relevant regulatory documents of other bodies.
5 REGULATORY DOCUMENTS FOR BUILDING STRUCTURES AND PRODUCTS
50 Bases and foundations of buildings and structures Classification and design characteristics of soils. Methods for calculating and designing foundations and pile foundations. Basic provisions for the production of work, operation mode and condition diagnostics. Acceptance rules, control and test methods
51 Stone and reinforced masonry structures General requirements for stone and reinforced masonry structures of buildings and structures. Methods for calculating and designing structures and their connections, the main provisions for the construction of structures, the mode of their operation and diagnostics of the state. Acceptance rules, control and test methods
52 Reinforced concrete and concrete structures General requirements for monolithic, prefabricated and precast-monolithic concrete and reinforced concrete structures. Methods for calculating and designing structures and their connections, basic provisions for the manufacture, erection of structures, protection against corrosion, their mode of operation and condition diagnostics. Reinforced concrete and prefabricated concrete structures.
53 Metal constructions General requirements for load-bearing and enclosing structures, including those with effective insulation, made of steel and aluminum alloys. Methods for calculating and designing structures and their connections, basic provisions for the manufacture, installation of structures, protection against corrosion, their operation mode and condition diagnostics. Metal structures of factory production.
54 wooden structures General requirements for wooden structures of buildings and structures. Methods for calculating and designing structures and their connections, basic provisions for the manufacture, installation of structures, protection against corrosion, their operation mode and condition diagnostics. Wooden structures and factory-made products.
55 Structures from other materials General requirements for asbestos-cement and structures made of other materials. Methods for calculating and designing structures and their connections, basic provisions for the manufacture, installation of structures, their operation mode and condition diagnostics. Factory designs. Acceptance rules, control and test methods
56 Windows, doors, gates and accessories General requirements for products. Specifications for products and components. Acceptance rules, control and test methods
6 REGULATORY DOCUMENTS FOR BUILDING MATERIALS AND PRODUCTS
60 Wall masonry materials General requirements for bricks and wall stones from various materials. Specifications for specific varieties, types, brands. Acceptance rules, control and test methods
61 Mineral binders General requirements for cement and other binders. Specifications for specific varieties, types, brands. Acceptance rules, control and test methods
62 Concretes and mortars General requirements for various types of concrete, concrete mixtures, mortars. Specifications for specific varieties. Acceptance rules, control and test methods
63 Crushed stone, gravel and sand for construction work General requirements for crushed stone, gravel, sand, artificial and natural porous aggregates. Specifications for specific varieties. Acceptance rules, control and test methods
64 Heat-insulating, sound-proofing and sound-absorbing materials General requirements for mineral wool products, cellular concrete products, foam-based slabs and other heat-insulating materials. Specifications for specific varieties. Acceptance rules, control and test methods
65 Roofing, waterproofing and sealing materials and products General requirements for rolled roofing materials, roofing mastics, insulating and sealing materials. Specifications for specific varieties. Acceptance rules, control and test methods
66 Finishing and facing materials Requirements for polymer, ceramic, wood and other finishing and facing materials and products. Acceptance rules, control and test methods
67 Asbestos cement products Requirements for asbestos-cement flat and corrugated sheets, pipes, extrusion products. Acceptance rules, control and test methods
68 Road materials Requirements for asphalt concrete, asphalt concrete mixtures and other road materials. Acceptance rules, control and test methods
69 building glass Requirements for sheet glass and glass products for construction. Acceptance rules, control and test methods
7 REGULATORY DOCUMENTS FOR MOBILE BUILDINGS AND STRUCTURES, EQUIPMENT, EQUIPMENT AND TOOLS
70 Mobile buildings and structures Classification and general technical requirements. Specifications for specific types of buildings and structures. Acceptance rules, control and test methods
71 Equipment for construction organizations General technical requirements for scaffolding and scaffolding, formwork for concrete work, mounting equipment and fasteners, hand tools, packaging and containerization tools. Acceptance rules, control and test methods
72 Specialized tooling for construction industry enterprises General technical requirements for tooling, lubrication for tooling and molds. Acceptance rules, control and test methods
8 REGULATORY DOCUMENTS ON ECONOMY
80 Construction economics Organizational and methodological provisions on efficiency issues investment projects, contractual relations and regulation of investment activities
81 Pricing and estimates Rules and methods for determining the cost of design and survey work and construction as part of pre-project and project documentation. Estimated regulatory framework for determining the need for capital investments, the formation of free (contractual) prices for construction products and settlements between construction participants
82 Material and fuel and energy resources Rules and methods for the development and application of normative indicators of the consumption of material and fuel and energy resources for construction
83 Human Resources Rules and methods for determining the labor intensity of elements of construction products, as well as the need for funds for wages

"http://www.w3.org/TR/1998/REC-html40-19980424/loose.dtd">

FEDERAL AGENCY

FOR TECHNICAL REGULATION AND METROLOGY


GOST 58179-2018

ENGINEERING IN CONSTRUCTION

Terms and Definitions

Official edition

Moscow Standartanform 2018

Foreword

    1 DEVELOPED by Joint Stock Company "PMSOFT" together with the Private Institution of the State Corporation "Rosatom" "Industry Center capital construction”, the National Association of Consulting Engineers in Construction, the University of Project Management of the PMSOFT Group of Companies, the Autonomous Non-Profit Organization “Institute of Labor Safety”

    2 INTRODUCED by the Technical Committee for Standardization TC 55 "Terminology, data elements and documentation in business processes and electronic commerce"

    3 APPROVED AND INTRODUCED BY Order federal agency on technical regulation and metrology dated July 16, 2018 No. 416-st

    4 INTRODUCED FOR THE FIRST TIME

The rules for the application of this standard are established in Article 26 of the Federal Law of June 29, 2015 No. 162-FZ "On Standardization in the Russian Federation". Information about changes to this standard is published in the annual (as of January 1 of the current year) information index "National Standards", and the official text of changes and amendments - in the monthly information index "National Standards". In case of revision (replacement) or cancellation of this standard, a corresponding notice will be published in the next issue of the monthly information index "National Standards". Relevant information, notification and texts are also placed in information system general use - on the official website of the Federal Agency for Technical Regulation and Metrology on the Internet (www.gost.ru)

© Standartinform, design, 2018

This standard cannot be fully or partially reproduced, replicated and distributed as an official publication without the permission of the Federal Agency for Technical Regulation and Metrology

    1 area of ​​use

    2 Terms and definitions

Bibliography

Introduction

The goals of engineering in construction are the development, change (in order to improve) and control over the implementation of organizational and technical (MD-3.02-2000 Technological rules for the design of construction objects), managerial and financial and economic models of systems (objects) and processes in accordance with the goals set for throughout the life cycle of an investment construction project.

Purpose of engineering in construction:

    Development of design documentation for an object or process;

    Development of design documentation for an object or process;

    Development of organizational and technical (technological) documentation of an object or process;

    Execution of functions technical customer;

    Selection and ordering of the main equipment;

    Commissioning management;

    Training of operating personnel.

This standard for engineering terminology in construction meets the requirements for the development of engineering, ensures harmonization (comparability) of engineering terminology at the national and international levels; eliminates the shortcomings of the terminology used in the documentation and literature in the field of engineering; organically complements the created legal and regulatory and technical base in the field of engineering in construction.

The terms given in this standard are ranked in the following order:

    General concepts of engineering in construction, containing the basic terms in the field of engineering in construction;

    Terms from the field of engineering in construction, containing concepts used in the definitions of basic terms in the field of engineering in construction. These concepts are included for a clearer understanding of the terminological system of engineering in construction.

The terms established in this standard are arranged in a systematic order, reflecting the system of concepts in the field of engineering in construction. There is one standardized term for each concept.

The above definitions can be changed, if necessary, by introducing derivative features into them, revealing the meanings of the terms used in them, indicating the objects included in the scope of the concept being defined. Changes should not violate the scope and content of the concepts defined in this standard.

GOST R 58179-2018

NATIONAL STANDARD OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

ENGINEERING IN CONSTRUCTION

Terms and Definitions

Construction engineering Terms and definitions

Introduction date -2018-09-01

1 area of ​​use

This standard establishes the basic terms and definitions of concepts in the field of engineering in relation to the construction industry.

The terms established by this standard are recommended for use in all types of documentation and literature in the construction industry that are within the scope of standardization work and (or) use the results of these works.

2 Terms and definitions

General concepts of engineering in construction

engineering: Engineering and consulting activity, the content of which is the solution of engineering problems related to the creation or improvement of products, systems and (or) processes.

Note - The subject of engineering is not the product (the end result of production), not the design and production of products, but the intellectual process of solving creative (engineering) problems related to the design and organization of production processes (performance of work, provision of services).

[GOST R 57306-2016, article 3.1.1]

2 engineering in construction: Engineering and consulting construction engineering services in investment and construction activities, carried out by consulting engineers in construction and / or engineering organizations under contracts with customers and with the ultimate goal of obtaining the best results from capital investments or other costs associated with the implementation of investment and construction projects.

Notes

    1 Engineering in construction is a complex engineering, which is a combination of two areas of intellectual activity: technical and technological engineering in the field of capital construction and organizational and managerial engineering in the field of investment and construction projects

Official edition

    2 Technical and technological engineering includes: technological engineering, design engineering, construction and technological engineering, production and construction engineering, engineering in the field of logistics, control and supervision engineering.

    3 Organizational and managerial engineering includes: conceptual engineering, investment and financial engineering; cost engineering, organizational and construction engineering, engineering in the field of project management, information technology engineering

    3 technological engineering: Engineering and consulting services, the purpose of which is to solve technological problems related to the creation or improvement of products, manufacturing technology, systems and (or) processes, confirmed by engineering and technological calculations.

    4 design engineering: Engineering and consulting services in the field of designing capital construction facilities and supervision of compliance with the requirements of design and working documentation during the construction process.

    5 construction and technological engineering: Engineering and consulting services in the field of development of projects for the organization of construction and projects for the production of works for capital construction projects.

    6 production and construction engineering: Engineering and consulting services in the field of development of building materials and construction equipment, means of mechanization of labor, tools, devices and means of protection.

    7 engineering in the field of logistics: Engineering and consulting services in the field of developing a system of logistics for capital construction projects under construction, including delivery schedules and routes for the movement of building materials, equipment, machinery and labor resources confirmed by calculations.

    8 control and supervision engineering: Engineering and consulting services in the field building control and technical supervision over the implementation of the investment and construction project, including with the participation of state authorized bodies.

    9 conceptual engineering: Engineering and consulting services in the field of forming the concept of an investment and construction project.

Note - Conceptual engineering includes: analysis of markets, advanced technologies and equipment, development of investment recommendations for making decisions on the possibility and validity of further development of investment and construction projects, confirmed by calculations.

    10 investment and financial engineering: Engineering and consulting services in the development of the investment model of the project. determining the key performance indicators of the project for making decisions on further development of the investment and construction project, developing tools for attracting financing and reserving financial sources, analyzing the financial risks of the project and mechanisms for leveling them, confirmed by calculations.

    technological engineering


    design engineering


    construction and technological engineering


    production and construction engineering


    material and technical support engineering


    supervisory engineering


    conceptual engineering


    investment and finance engineering

    11 cost engineering: Engineering and consulting services in the development and application of scientific principles and methods for solving cost management problems.

NOTE Cost engineering includes: planning; value, economic and the financial analysis, evaluation, audit, control, optimization, management of performance, changes and risks of cost at all stages of the life cycle of projects, assets, products, programs, project portfolios of companies, confirmed by calculations.

    12 organizational and construction engineering: Engineering and consulting services in the field of organizing the functioning of a construction site.

    13 engineering in the field of project management: Engineering and consulting services in the field of investment and construction project management in the full implementation of integration management processes, timing, cost, quality, personnel, risks, changes, contracts, communications, stakeholders.

    14 information technology engineering: Engineering and consulting services in the field of creation, implementation and maintenance of software products specialized for the construction industry, communication and communication tools aimed at the effective implementation of investment and construction projects.

    15 subject area of ​​engineering in construction: Processes for the implementation of investment and construction projects focused on construction, technical re-equipment, reconstruction of linear facilities, reconstruction of capital construction facilities, overhaul of capital construction facilities, overhaul of linear facilities.

    16 engineering and consulting services in construction: Engineering and consulting services in the field of engineering in construction, including consulting an investor, customer, technical customer to perform one or more stages of the life cycle of an investment and construction project and (or) the life cycle of a capital construction object.

Note - The stages of the life cycle of an investment and construction project include conceptual studies and forecasting, preliminary design (financial, economic, technical, social, environmental and other aspects); business planning and life cycle modeling; technological, basic and working design; sustainable development design; architecture and design; logistics and assembly of production resources; project management, risks, deadlines, cost. requirements, supply, construction, quality, commissioning; post-launch support, system engineering and other activities related to the named services.

    17 consulting engineer in construction: A subject for the implementation of engineering and consulting services in construction, providing services under contracts with customers and other participants in investment and construction projects.

Notes

1 A consulting engineer in construction is either a legal entity - an engineering organization, or individual- independent consulting engineer.

cost engineering


organizational engineering in construction site

project management engineering


information technology engineering


construction engineering subject area


construction engineering consulting services


consulting engineer in construction


2 An independent consulting engineer in construction must have confirmation of professional qualifications and experience by passing attestation / certification in an authorized body for the right to perform engineering and consulting services in the field of construction.

    18 engineering organization: Entity having an engineering organization officially confirmed by the relevant authorized bodies the right to provide engineering and consulting services in construction.

    19 investment construction project: A project related to investment construction with the implementation of capital investments, aimed at solving the project investment task and focused on construction, technical re-equipment, reconstruction of linear facilities and capital construction facilities, overhaul of capital

construction and linear facilities.

investment and construction activity: Activities aimed at attracting, investing and managing investments (investment activity) for the purposes of construction, reconstruction and overhaul, organization (planning), commissioning of production and non-production purpose, as well as linear structures.

[GOST R 57363-2016, item 1]

Terms from the field of engineering in construction

    21 life cycle of a capital construction object: engineering survey, design, construction, technical re-equipment, reconstruction of linear

objects, reconstruction of capital construction objects, overhaul of capital construction objects, overhaul of linear objects, liquidation of the object.

project life cycle: A set of successive project phases, project life cycle from the moment the project starts to completion, the number and composition of which are determined by the scope of the project and the needs of project management.

Note - The project life cycle includes the phases of initiation, design and planning, project implementation (including the supply of material and technical resources and equipment, construction, commissioning works and commissioning), completion of the project.

[GOST R 56715.5-2015, Article 63]

building: The result of construction, which is a three-dimensional building system with above-ground and (or) underground parts, including premises, engineering networks and engineering support systems and intended for human habitation and (or) activities, location of production, storage of products or keeping animals.

investments: Cash, securities, other property, investment including property rights, other rights having monetary value invested in objects of entrepreneurial and (or) other activities in order to make a profit and (or) achieve another beneficial effect.

engineering survey: Study natural conditions and engineering survey factors of anthropogenic impact for the purpose of rational and safe use of territories and land plots within their limits, preparation of data on the substantiation of materials necessary for territorial planning, territory planning and architectural and construction design.

capital investments: Investments in fixed capital (fixed capital investment), including the costs of new construction, reconstruction and technical re-equipment of existing enterprises, the purchase of machinery, equipment, tools, inventory, design and survey work and other costs.

major repairs of capital construction objects major repairs of capital (except for linear objects): Replacement and (or) restoration of construction object building structures of capital construction objects or elements of such structures, with the exception of load-bearing building structures, replacement and (or) restoration of engineering and technical systems provision and networks of engineering and technical support of capital construction facilities or their elements, as well as the replacement of individual elements of load-bearing building structures with similar or other elements that improve the performance of such structures and (or) the restoration of these elements.

overhaul of linear objects: Change of parameters - major repairs of linear ditch of linear objects or their sections (parts), which does not entail a change in the class, category and (or) initially established indicators of the functioning of such objects and which does not require a change in the boundaries of the lanes withdrawal and (or) security eon of such objects.

linear objects: Power lines, communication lines (including linear objects including linear cable structures), pipelines, car roads, railway lines and other similar structures.

capital construction object: A building, structure, construction of a capital construction object, objects whose construction has not been completed (hereinafter - construction in progress), with the exception of temporary buildings, kiosks, sheds and other similar structures.

    32 design: Creation of an object model based on the design description of this object and (or) the algorithm of its functioning or the algorithm of its transformation process, in some cases repeated throughout the entire life cycle of the object, with the issuance of documentation to the customer, including design and working documentation to create this object.

project documentation: Documentation containing project documentation materials in text form and in the form of maps (diagrams) and defining architectural, functional-technological, constructive and engineering solutions to ensure the construction, reconstruction of capital construction facilities, their parts, overhaul.

reconstruction of linear objects: Changing the parameters of linear objects of linear objects or their sections (parts), which entails a change in the class, category and (or) originally established indicators of the functioning of such objects (capacity, carrying capacity, etc.) or in which a change is required the boundaries of the right-of-way and (or) security zones of such objects.

reconstruction of capital construction objects: Changing the parameters of a capital construction object (with the exception of reconstruction linear objects), its parts (height, number of floors, area, volume), including superstructure, rebuilding, expansion of a capital construction object, as well as replacement and (or) restoration of load-bearing building structures of a capital construction object, except for the replacement of individual elements of such structures with similar or other elements that improve the performance of such structures and (or) restoration of these elements.

structure: The result of construction, which is a three-dimensional, planar or linear building system that has a ground. aboveground and (or) underground parts, consisting of load-bearing, and in some cases, enclosing building structures and designed to perform various types of production processes, store products, temporarily stay people, move people and goods.

construction: Creation of buildings, structures, structures, including construction on the site of demolished capital construction projects.

Notes

    1 The construction process includes all organizational, survey. design, construction, installation and commissioning works related to the creation, modification or demolition of the facility, as well as interaction with the competent authorities regarding the performance of such work

    2 The result of construction is a capital construction object (27).

(3, article 1, paragraph 13]

technical re-equipment: A set of measures to improve the technical and economic indicators of fixed assets or their individual parts based on the introduction of advanced equipment and technology, mechanization and automation of production, modernization and replacement of obsolete and worn-out equipment with new, more productive equipment.

project management: Planning, organization and control of the labor, financial and material and technical resources of the project, aimed at the effective achievement of the project objectives.

[GOST R 54869-2011. paragraph 3.17]

construction management: Organization of construction management at the facility, including: planning, control, assessment and risk management, coordination of work of contractors and construction and installation organizations, architectural supervision, construction control, other participants in construction, reconstruction or overhaul.

[GOST R 57363-2016. clause 3.7]

project manager in construction (project manager, project manager): Responsible person to whom the developer (investor) delegates the authority to manage work, plan, control and coordinate the work of project participants, order, control financial resources, risk assessment and management.

Note - The project manager presents management company or directly to the organization of the developer (investor).

[GOST R 57363-2016. clause 3.6]

Alphabetical index of terms in Russian

capital investments

investment and construction activities

design documentation

engineering surveys

investments

construction consultant

engineering

logistics engineering project management engineering

engineering in construction

engineering investment and financial engineering information technology

engineering control and supervision engineering conceptual engineering organizational and construction engineering design and construction engineering production and construction engineering cost

construction and technological engineering

technological engineering

area of ​​engineering in construction subject object of capital construction

linear objects

engineering organization

technical re-equipment

investment and construction project

design

reconstruction of linear objects

reconstruction of capital construction facilities repair of linear facilities overhaul of capital construction facilities overhaul

building

construction

construction management

project management project manager in construction

services in construction engineering and consulting cycle of a capital construction project life cycle of a project life cycle

Alphabetical index of terms in English

capital construction object

capital construction objects capital investment conceptual engineering

construction engineering construction engineering consulting services construction engineering subject area construction management constructional and technologic engineering consulting engineer in construction cost engineering design design engineering engineering engineering organization engineenng survey information technology engineering investment

investment and construction activity investment and finance engineering investment construction project life cycle of a capital construction object linear objects linear objects reconstruction major repairs of capital construction object major repairs of linear objects material and technical support engineering organizational engineering in construction site production and construction engineenng project project documentation project life cycle project management project management engineering project manager structure supervisory engineering technical re-equipment technological engineering

Bibliography

the federal law dated December 30, 2009 No. 384-FZ "Technical regulations on the safety of buildings and structures"

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