The Krasnoyarsk Territory is one of the most industrially developed regions of Russia. Thanks to the unique natural resources in the region, many types of industrial activities are developed - hydropower and electric power on solid fuel, non-ferrous metallurgy, mining, timber industry.
However, key industries regional economy play a significant role not only at the state, but also at the global level. Thus, the region produces more than 80% of the total Russian volume of nickel (or 20% of world production), more than 70% of copper, about 30% of primary aluminum, almost 98% of platinum group metals. In terms of gold production, the region comes out on top in Russia, providing 18% of Russian production, in the all-Russian oil production, the region provides 2.5% of oil production, 0.3% of gas production.
The Krasnoyarsk Territory is consistently among the top ten subjects Russian Federation for the production of gross regional product (GRP). The vast majority of the region's GRP is provided by industry, in particular, such industries as non-ferrous metallurgy, electric power, mining and chemical industries, timber mining and timber processing.
The advantages of the region's economy are associated with the use of local electricity and raw materials, the modern technological level mining enterprises edge, a clearly expressed export component. The Krasnoyarsk Territory is constantly among the regions of Russia with the highest production volume. The share of the region in the industry of Russia is 4%, the East Siberian economic region - 40%.
In the structure of the gross regional product of the region, about 53% is industry and about 7% - agriculture.
The Krasnoyarsk Territory is one of the 15 constituent entities of the Russian Federation, which together provide more than 70% of its trade with foreign counterparties.
The natural resource potential that has existed for many years created the prerequisites for the development of industrial production, and then investment potential. Thus, two-thirds of the territory of the region covered with forests, high availability of water resources, over six thousand deposits of various types of minerals provide the region with the first place in terms of the volume of shipped industrial products among the regions of the Siberian Federal District. At the same time, the annual growth rate of industrial output is, on average, 2-7%, characterizing a fairly dynamic sustainable development.
The competitive advantages of the Krasnoyarsk Territory, according to the strategy of socio-economic development of Siberia until 2020, are:
The leading industries of the Krasnoyarsk Territory are ferrous and non-ferrous metallurgy, the fuel and energy complex, mechanical engineering and metalworking, mining, forestry, woodworking, chemical, agriculture and the food industry.
The main industrial centers: Krasnoyarsk, Norilsk, Nazarovo, Sharypovo, Kansk, Zheleznogorsk.
Metallurgy
Traditionally, the basic industry in the region is metallurgical, which combines non-ferrous and ferrous metallurgy. In total, more than 30 heavy, light, alloying and rare earth metals and elements are produced in the region, the most important of which are aluminum, nickel, cobalt, copper, platinum and gold. Large metallurgical enterprises are located on the territory of the region: Krasnoyarsk plants - aluminum, metallurgical and non-ferrous metals, Achinsk alumina plant, Gorevsky polymetallic mining and processing plant.
The flagship of non-ferrous metallurgy not only in the region, but also in Russia is the world's northernmost Norilsk Mining and Metallurgical Plant, which produces 1/6 of the region's industrial output. The production of highly pure metals for the radio-electronic industry, such as tellurium, germanium, silicon, and ultrapure aluminum, has been developed in the region. In general, non-ferrous and ferrous metallurgy account for more than 50% of the region's industrial output. These industries play a leading role in the foreign economic activity of the region.
mining industry
Raw materials for metallurgy are supplied by mining enterprises. The industrial development of deposits of gold, lead, zinc, magnesites and other minerals is carried out in the region. At present, almost 90% of the industry's output falls on the extraction of raw materials for the production of non-ferrous metals. The second largest production volume is coal mining. The average annual coal production is over 50 million tons. The main deposits are the Kansk-Achinsk basin, Nazarovskoye, Berezovskoye, Irsha-Borodino deposits.
Among the regions of the Siberian Federal District, the region ranks second in terms of the volume of mining.
Hopes in realizing the potential of the Krasnoyarsk Territory are also placed on the development of natural resources in the Russian Arctic.
The chemical complex of the region is represented by enterprises of the chemical, petrochemical, microbiological and medical industries. Among the main products of the enterprises of the chemical complex, first of all, oil refining products, synthetic rubber and products created on its basis stand out. The enterprises of the region produce 10% of high-quality artificial rubbers in Russia, 15% of automobile tires.
Forestry and woodworking industry
The area of the forest fund of the Krasnoyarsk Territory is 164.0 million hectares, or more than 45% of the total forest area of Siberia. Forests cover more than 65% of the territory of the region and 85% consist of conifers. Among the main forest-forming species are Siberian larch, cedar, pine, aspen, birch. Annually 55 million cubic meters of timber are harvested in the region. In terms of timber harvesting, the Krasnoyarsk Territory ranks third in Russia; in the production of sawn timber, it occupies a leading position in the country.
The Krasnoyarsk Territory is rightfully considered the largest agricultural region in Central and Eastern Siberia, fully meeting the needs of the population in basic food products. The region in the East Siberian region accounts for more than half of the total grain production, more than 40% of potatoes, 37% of vegetables, 43% of milk, 36-43% of meat and eggs. Agricultural land in farms of all categories is 3850 thousand hectares, or 1.6% of all land in the region, arable land - 2573 thousand hectares, or 1.1%. The agriculture of the region is dominated by the production of grain, potatoes and vegetables; animal husbandry of the meat and dairy direction, sheep breeding, poultry farming, beekeeping and fur farming are developed. (Honey from the Krasnoyarsk Territory is even supplied to Japan). For the eighth year in a row, grain yields have been the highest among the regions of the Siberian Federal District (2011 - 23.7 q/ha). Because of the harsh climatic conditions In the Krasnoyarsk Territory, agriculture is developed mainly in the southern regions. The Minusinsk Basin is rightfully considered the breadbasket of Eastern Siberia; the best vegetables and fruits in Siberia are grown here, in particular, Minusinsk tomatoes, unsurpassed in taste, and even grapes are cultivated by amateurs.
The food industry, which is mainly associated with the processing of local agricultural raw materials (butter factories, condensed and powdered milk plants, meat processing plants, flour mills, flour and pasta factories, distilleries and breweries, etc.), is concentrated mainly in the cities of the southern part of the region.
Fuel and energy complex
The main branch of the region's specialization is energy.
The presence of a rich resource base (water resources, deposits of brown coal) creates favorable conditions for generating electricity in the Krasnoyarsk Territory.
On the territory of the Krasnoyarsk Territory there are 20 operating and 1 power plant under construction:
the total installed capacity of power plants in the Krasnoyarsk Territory is 13,910 MW.
The Krasnoyarsk Territory generates about 6% of the total electricity produced by the country.
In terms of electricity production per person, the Krasnoyarsk Territory ranks second in Russia. Two of the largest hydroelectric power stations in Eurasia were built on the Yenisei: Krasnoyarsk and Sayano-Shushenskaya. On the basis of the Kansk-Achinsk coal basin, the Kansk-Achinsk fuel and energy complex (KATEK) was created with the world's most powerful Berezovsky GRES-1 and GRES-2. The existing sections of the basin (Borodinsky, Nazarovsky, Berezovsky) annually supply about 55 million tons of coal for the needs of power engineers. A significant part of the coal is supplied to thermal power plants in neighboring regions - Novosibirsk, Irkutsk and other regions.
The main volume of electricity consumption (more than 70 percent) in the region is accounted for by organizations of mining, manufacturing, production and distribution of electricity, gas and water. This is explained by the fact that the main consumer of fuel and energy resources in the Krasnoyarsk Territory are organizations of the industrial complex, which are focused on energy-intensive activities.
One of the priority areas for the development of the economy of the Krasnoyarsk Territory is energy efficiency - reducing the consumption of energy resources by enterprises and the population of the Territory. The target program "Energy Saving and Energy Efficiency Improvement in the Krasnoyarsk Territory" is already working and producing results in the region.
Transport
At present, the Krasnoyarsk Territory is a major transport, distribution and transit hub of the Siberian Federal District. The transport complex of the region is represented by all types of transport - rail, pipeline, air, inland water and automobile. The special role of the region in the functioning of the transport system is given by its unique location at the intersection of railway, air and motorways.
Railway transport. The dominant position in the transport system of the Krasnoyarsk Territory is occupied by railway transport. It accounts for 94% of the total cargo turnover of the region. From west to east, the region is crossed by the Trans-Siberian and South-Siberian highways.
The operational length of the Krasnoyarsk railway is 3.2 thousand kilometers.
The length of hard-surface public roads is 47.3 thousand kilometers. Two highways of federal importance pass through the territory of the region: Novosibirsk - Krasnoyarsk - Irkutsk and Krasnoyarsk - Kyzyl.
The enterprises carry out direct road transport of goods to China, Mongolia and Western Europe.
The length of the waterways connecting the northern and eastern parts of the region with the city of Krasnoyarsk is 7 thousand kilometers.
The river ports of the cities of Krasnoyarsk and Lesosibirsk on the Yenisei River ensure the interaction of river and rail transport. Estuary ports in the north of the region are available for the entry of sea vessels.
A multimodal transport hub is being formed on the basis of the Krasnoyarsk airport. The airspace of the region and the airport of Krasnoyarsk are used for flights within the framework of cross-polar air routes through the North Pole.
Export and import
The Krasnoyarsk Territory is traditionally one of the largest export-oriented regions of the country. A significant part of the products of timber processing, non-ferrous metallurgy, chemical industry exported from the country. The share of the Krasnoyarsk Territory in the foreign trade turnover of Russia is constantly increasing.
The volume of foreign trade turnover between the Krasnoyarsk Territory and the Netherlands in 2012 amounted to almost $2.9 billion, China is in second place - just over $1 billion, and the United States is third - more than $500 million.
In the structure of exports, almost 71% falls on metals and products from them - about $4 billion.
The structure of the region's exports is determined to a greater extent by raw materials and products of their processing. Exports are based on non-ferrous metals (aluminum, nickel, copper), timber and timber products. The main consumers of these products are Japan, Italy, Egypt, Turkey. Ferrous metals, oil and oil products, coal, nitrogen and potash fertilizers, synthetic rubber, mechanical and electrical equipment are also exported.
The leading position in the foreign trade of the Krasnoyarsk Territory is occupied by several large industrial enterprises, such as the Krasnoyarsk Aluminum Plant, Norilsk Combine, Electrochemical Plant, Norilsk Mining Company, KraMZ JSC, Lesosibirsk LDK, Novoeniseysky LDK.
The main share in the structure of imports is occupied by products of the petrochemical complex. This group of goods is represented mainly by products of inorganic chemistry, namely aluminum oxide (alumina), plastics and products made from them. The second place is occupied by engineering products. Machine-building products are imported from the USA, Germany, Austria, and Sweden. Import of products of the fuel and energy complex is 4.2% of the total volume.
Trade relations of the Krasnoyarsk Territory largely determine the picture of the foreign economic activity of the entire East Siberian region. AT last years The region constantly occupies a leading position in terms of the volume of export-import operations among the constituent entities of the East Siberian region, and provides more than 50% of the total export and 40% of imports.
Investment climate
The basis of the sustainable socio-economic situation of the region and the potential for its further development is the implementation of major investment projects on the development of traditional and the creation of new high-tech industries. Krasnoyarsk Territory is one of Russian regions- leaders in terms of investment activity. In terms of attracted investments, the region leads in Siberia and is among the top ten in the Russian Federation.
The regional authorities in the Krasnoyarsk Territory actively support investment activity: adopted regional laws and regulations, the main task which - the creation of a favorable investment environment. The mechanisms of public-private partnership are actively used in the region. An Investment Council has been established under the Government of the Krasnoyarsk Territory. The Chairman of the Investment Council is the Deputy Governor.
The region has measures aimed at creating a favorable investment climate:
Krasnoyarsk region
The date of formation of the Krasnoyarsk Territory is December 7, 1934. The center is the city of Krasnoyarsk, founded in 1628. The distance from Moscow to Krasnoyarsk is 4,000 km. The area of the Krasnoyarsk Territory is 2,340 thousand square meters. km, or 13.6% of the entire territory of the country. The region is part of the Siberian Federal District.
Geographical position. The Krasnoyarsk Territory stretches from the shores of the Arctic Ocean to the mountains of Southern Siberia. The southern part of the Krasnoyarsk Territory is occupied by the Eastern Sayan mountains up to 3000 m high. The climate is sharply continental; the average temperature in January is from -18 to -25 degrees, in July - from +20 to +35 degrees; rainfall - from 300 mm in the north to 800-1000 mm in the south. In the north - permafrost. Most of the territory is covered with taiga.
Population. The population of the region is almost 3 million people, including: 2,200 thousand people are urban (of which 1 million live in Krasnoyarsk), and 700 thousand people are rural.
Municipal structure and largest cities. There are 581 municipalities in the region.
The largest cities: Krasnoyarsk, Norilsk, Achinsk, Kansk, Zheleznogorsk, Zelenogorsk, Minusinsk.
Economic advantages and disadvantages. The Krasnoyarsk Territory has a variety of favorable preconditions for economic development. The region ranks first in Russia in terms of timber reserves, second in terms of hydropower resources, and third in mineral fuel reserves (mainly brown coal and oil). There are deposits of ores of ferrous and non-ferrous metals, gold, natural stone, non-metallic building materials. Excess electricity contributes to the development of energy-intensive industries.
Unfavorable factors are: high transport costs due to the remoteness of the region from the main centers of consumption of manufactured products; harsh natural and climatic conditions and difficult terrain.
Features of the region's economy.
The Krasnoyarsk Territory is one of the most industrially developed regions of Russia. Thanks to the unique natural resources in the region, many types of industrial activities are developed - hydropower and electric power on solid fuel, non-ferrous metallurgy, mining, timber industry.
At the same time, the key sectors of the regional economy play a significant role not only at the state, but also at the global level. Thus, the region produces more than 80% of the total Russian volume of nickel (or 20% of world production), more than 70% of copper, about 30% of primary aluminum, almost 98% of platinum group metals. In terms of gold production, the region comes out on top in Russia, providing 18% of Russian production, in the all-Russian oil production, the region provides 2.5% of oil production, 0.3% of gas production.
The Krasnoyarsk Territory is consistently among the top ten constituent entities of the Russian Federation in terms of the production of gross regional product (GRP). The vast majority of the region's GRP is provided by industry, in particular, such industries as non-ferrous metallurgy, electric power, mining and chemical industries, timber mining and timber processing.
The advantages of the region's economy are associated with the use of local electricity and raw materials, the modern technological level of the region's mining enterprises, and a pronounced export component. The Krasnoyarsk Territory is constantly among the regions of Russia with the highest production volume. The share of the region in the industry of Russia is 4%, the East Siberian economic region - 40%.
In the structure of the gross regional product of the region, about 53% is industry and about 7% - agriculture.
The Krasnoyarsk Territory is one of the 15 constituent entities of the Russian Federation, which together provide more than 70% of its trade with foreign counterparties.
The natural resource potential that has existed for many years created the prerequisites for the development of industrial production, and then investment potential. Thus, two-thirds of the territory of the region covered with forests, high availability of water resources, over six thousand deposits of various types of minerals provide the region with the first place in terms of the volume of shipped industrial products among the regions of the Siberian Federal District. At the same time, the annual growth rate of industrial output is, on average, 2-7%, characterizing a fairly dynamic sustainable development.
The competitive advantages of the Krasnoyarsk Territory, according to the strategy of socio-economic development of Siberia until 2020, are:
leading industries Krasnoyarsk Territory are ferrous and non-ferrous metallurgy, fuel and energy complex, mechanical engineering and metalworking, mining, forestry, woodworking, chemical, agriculture and food industry.
The main industrial centers: Krasnoyarsk, Norilsk, Nazarovo, Sharypovo, Kansk, Zheleznogorsk.
Metallurgy. Traditionally, the basic industry in the region is metallurgical, which combines non-ferrous and ferrous metallurgy. In total, more than 30 heavy, light, alloying and rare earth metals and elements are produced in the region, the most important of which are aluminum, nickel, cobalt, copper, platinum and gold. Large metallurgical enterprises are located on the territory of the region: Krasnoyarsk plants - aluminum, metallurgical and non-ferrous metals, Achinsk alumina plant, Gorevsky polymetallic mining and processing plant.
The flagship of non-ferrous metallurgy not only in the region, but also in Russia is the world's northernmost Norilsk Mining and Metallurgical Plant, which produces 1/6 of the region's industrial output. The production of highly pure metals for the radio-electronic industry, such as tellurium, germanium, silicon, and ultrapure aluminum, has been developed in the region. In general, non-ferrous and ferrous metallurgy account for more than 50% of the region's industrial output. These industries play a leading role in the foreign economic activity of the region.
Mining industry. Raw materials for metallurgy are supplied by mining enterprises. The industrial development of deposits of gold, lead, zinc, magnesites and other minerals is carried out in the region. At present, almost 90% of the industry's output falls on the extraction of raw materials for the production of non-ferrous metals. The second largest production volume is coal mining. The average annual coal production is over 50 million tons. The main deposits are the Kansko-Achinsk basin, Nazarovskoye, Berezovskoye, Irsha-Borodino deposits.
Among the regions of the Siberian Federal District, the region ranks second in terms of the volume of mining.
Hopes in realizing the potential of the Krasnoyarsk Territory are also placed on the development of natural resources in the Russian Arctic.
Chemical complex The region is represented by enterprises of the chemical, petrochemical, microbiological and medical industries. Among the main products of the enterprises of the chemical complex, first of all, oil refining products, synthetic rubber and products created on its basis stand out. The enterprises of the region produce 10% of high-quality artificial rubbers in Russia, 15% of automobile tires.
Forestry and woodworking industry. The area of the forest fund of the Krasnoyarsk Territory is 164.0 million hectares, or more than 45% of the total forest area of Siberia. Forests cover more than 65% of the territory of the region and 85% consist of conifers. Among the main forest-forming species are Siberian larch, cedar, pine, aspen, birch. Annually 55 million cubic meters of timber are harvested in the region. In terms of timber harvesting, the Krasnoyarsk Territory ranks third in Russia; in the production of sawn timber, it occupies a leading position in the country.
Agriculture. The Krasnoyarsk Territory is rightfully considered the largest agricultural region in Central and Eastern Siberia, fully meeting the needs of the population in basic food products. The region in the East Siberian region accounts for more than half of the total grain production, more than 40% of potatoes, 37% of vegetables, 43% of milk, 36-43% of meat and eggs. Agricultural land in farms of all categories is 3850 thousand hectares, or 1.6% of all land in the region, arable land - 2573 thousand hectares, or 1.1%. The agriculture of the region is dominated by the production of grain, potatoes and vegetables; animal husbandry of the meat and dairy direction, sheep breeding, poultry farming, beekeeping and fur farming are developed. (Honey from the Krasnoyarsk Territory is even supplied to Japan). For the eighth year in a row, the grain yield is the highest among the regions of the Siberian Federal District (2011 - 23.7 q/ha). Due to the harsh climatic conditions of the Krasnoyarsk Territory, agriculture is developed mainly in the southern regions. The Minusinsk Basin is rightfully considered the breadbasket of Eastern Siberia; the best vegetables and fruits in Siberia are grown here, in particular, Minusinsk tomatoes, unsurpassed in taste, and even grapes are cultivated by amateurs.
food industry, mainly associated with the processing of local agricultural raw materials (butter factories, condensed and powdered milk plants, meat processing plants, flour mills, flour and pasta factories, distilleries and breweries, etc.), is concentrated mainly in the cities of the southern part of the region
Fuel and energy complex. The main branch of the region's specialization is energy.
The presence of a rich resource base (water resources, deposits of brown coal) creates favorable conditions for generating electricity in the Krasnoyarsk Territory.
On the territory of the Krasnoyarsk Territory there are 20 operating and 1 power plant under construction:
the total installed capacity of power plants in the Krasnoyarsk Territory is 13,910 MW.
The Krasnoyarsk Territory generates about 6% of the total electricity produced by the country.
In terms of electricity production per person, the Krasnoyarsk Territory ranks second in Russia. Two of the largest hydroelectric power stations in Eurasia were built on the Yenisei: Krasnoyarsk and Sayano-Shushenskaya. On the basis of the Kansk-Achinsk coal basin, a Kansk-Achinsk Fuel and Energy Complex (KATEK) with the most powerful in the world Berezovsky GRES-1 and GRES-2. Active sections of the basin ( Borodinsky, Nazarovsky, Berezovsky) annually supply about 55 million tons of coal for the needs of power engineers. A significant part of the coal is supplied to thermal power plants in neighboring regions - Novosibirsk, Irkutsk and other regions.
The main volume of electricity consumption (more than 70 percent) in the region is accounted for by organizations of mining, manufacturing, production and distribution of electricity, gas and water. This is explained by the fact that the main consumer of fuel and energy resources in the Krasnoyarsk Territory are organizations of the industrial complex, which are focused on energy-intensive activities.
One of the priority areas for the development of the economy of the Krasnoyarsk Territory is energy efficiency- reducing the consumption of energy resources by enterprises and the population of the region. The target program "Energy Saving and Energy Efficiency Improvement in the Krasnoyarsk Territory" is already working and producing results in the region.
Transport. At present, the Krasnoyarsk Territory is a major transport, distribution and transit hub of the Siberian Federal District. The transport complex of the region is represented by all types of transport - rail, pipeline, air, inland water and automobile. The special role of the region in the functioning of the transport system is given by its unique location at the intersection of railway, air and motorways.
Railway transport. The dominant position in the transport system of the Krasnoyarsk Territory is occupied by railway transport. It accounts for 94% of the total cargo turnover of the region. From west to east, the region is crossed by the Trans-Siberian and South-Siberian highways.
The operational length of the Krasnoyarsk railway is 3.2 thousand kilometers.
The length of hard-surface public roads is 47.3 thousand kilometers. Two highways of federal significance pass through the territory of the region: Novosibirsk - Krasnoyarsk - Irkutsk and Krasnoyarsk - Kyzyl.
The enterprises carry out direct road transport of goods to China, Mongolia and Western Europe.
The length of the waterways connecting the northern and eastern parts of the region with the city of Krasnoyarsk is 7 thousand kilometers.
The river ports of the cities of Krasnoyarsk and Lesosibirsk on the Yenisei River ensure the interaction of river and rail transport. Estuary ports in the north of the region are available for the entry of sea vessels.
A multimodal transport hub is being formed on the basis of the Krasnoyarsk airport. The airspace of the region and the airport of Krasnoyarsk are used for flights within the framework of cross-polar air routes through the North Pole.
Export and import.
The Krasnoyarsk Territory is traditionally one of the largest export-oriented regions of the country. A significant part of the products of timber processing, non-ferrous metallurgy, and the chemical industry is exported from the country. The share of the Krasnoyarsk Territory in the foreign trade turnover of Russia is constantly increasing.
The volume of foreign trade turnover between the Krasnoyarsk Territory and the Netherlands in 2012 amounted to almost $2.9 billion, China is in second place - just over $1 billion, and the United States is third - more than $500 million.
In the structure of exports, almost 71% falls on metals and products from them - about $4 billion.
The structure of the region's exports is determined to a greater extent by raw materials and products of their processing. Exports are based on non-ferrous metals (aluminum, nickel, copper), timber and timber products. The main consumers of these products are Japan, Italy, Egypt, Turkey. Ferrous metals, oil and oil products, coal, nitrogen and potash fertilizers, synthetic rubber, mechanical and electrical equipment are also exported.
The leading position in the foreign trade of the Krasnoyarsk Territory is occupied by several large industrial enterprises, such as the Krasnoyarsk Aluminum Plant, the Norilsk Combine, the Electrochemical Plant, the Norilsk Mining Company, KraMZ JSC, the Lesosibirsk LDK, the Novoeniseysky LDK.
The main share in the structure of imports is occupied by products of the petrochemical complex. This group of goods is represented mainly by products of inorganic chemistry, namely aluminum oxide (alumina), plastics and products made from them. The second place is occupied by engineering products. Machine-building products are imported from the USA, Germany, Austria, and Sweden. Import of products of the fuel and energy complex is 4.2% of the total volume.
Trade relations of the Krasnoyarsk Territory largely determine the picture of the foreign economic activity of the entire East Siberian region. In recent years, the region has consistently occupied a leading position in terms of export-import operations among the constituent entities of the East Siberian region, and provides more than 50% of the total export and 40% of imports.
Investment climate
The basis of the sustainable socio-economic situation of the region and the potential for its further development is the implementation of large investment projects on the territory of the region for the development of traditional and the creation of new high-tech industries. The Krasnoyarsk Territory is one of the leading Russian regions in terms of investment activity. In terms of attracted investments, the region leads in Siberia and is among the top ten in the Russian Federation.
The regional authorities in the Krasnoyarsk Territory are actively supporting investment activities: regional laws and regulations have been adopted, the main task of which is to create a favorable investment environment. The mechanisms of public-private partnership are actively used in the region. An Investment Council has been established under the Government of the Krasnoyarsk Territory. The Chairman of the Investment Council is the Deputy Governor.
The region has measures aimed at creating a favorable investment climate:
The economic situation in the Krasnoyarsk Territory in the first years of democratic reforms was identical to the all-Russian one. In 1994, an attempt was made to stem the decline in the industry. In parallel with the ongoing crisis in the country, the region began to gradually increase production volumes.
From 1994 to 1998 economic indicators Krasnoyarsk Territory were much better than the Russian average:
By shower level industrial production the region was in 7th place, contract work - in 8th place, trade turnover - in 17th place in the Russian Federation;
The purchasing power of the population is in 12th place in the Russian Federation and above all other regions of the East Siberian economic region;
The banking system in the Krasnoyarsk Territory is one of the most developed in the East Siberian economic region;
There was an increase in the absolute volume budget revenues and expenses of the Krasnoyarsk Territory;
In terms of investment, the region is in the top ten, and in terms of growth rates - in the top twenty of the best regions of Russia.
The advantages of the region's economy are associated with the use of cheap local electricity and raw materials, a fairly modern technological level of the region's mining enterprises, and a pronounced export component. The Krasnoyarsk Territory is constantly among the 10 regions of Russia with the highest production volume. The share of the region in the industry of Russia is 4%, the East Siberian economic region - 40%.
In terms of industrial output per capita, the region ranks second among the regions of the Siberian Agreement, second only to the Tyumen region.
Structure and dynamics of the gross regional product in 1997 - 1998 has developed as follows: in the structure of the gross regional product of the region, about 53% is industry and about 7% - agriculture. In general, the region's industry is striving to become more diversified. The leading industries of the Krasnoyarsk Territory are ferrous and non-ferrous metallurgy, fuel and energy complex, mechanical engineering and metalworking, mining, timber, woodworking, pulp and paper, chemical, light and food.
There are 11 enterprises of the military-industrial complex (MIC) in the cities of Zheleznogorsk and Zelenogorsk. The share of military products in 1998 amounted to an insignificant part in the volume of the region, the share of civilian products at these enterprises is 0.1% of the total production.
The Krasnoyarsk Territory is one of the 15 constituent entities of the Russian Federation, which together provide more than 70% of its trade with foreign counterparties.
State regulation of the region's economy is carried out both at the federal and regional levels, including through the system of licensing certain types of economic activity, setting prices and tariffs for certain types of goods, works and services, through antimonopoly regulation, etc.
EXPORT AND IMPORT
As you know, the stability of the economy largely depends on foreign trade. The Krasnoyarsk Territory is traditionally one of the largest export-oriented regions of the country. A significant part of the products of timber processing, non-ferrous metallurgy, and the chemical industry is exported from the country. The share of the Krasnoyarsk Territory in the foreign trade turnover of Russia is constantly increasing.
Geographically, foreign trade turnover is focused on the countries of Western and Central Europe, Southeast and East Asia, America countries. largest country to which the Krasnoyarsk Territory exports its products is the Netherlands. On the second place - Switzerland, on the third - the USA. In terms of groups of countries, the EU countries are in the lead, the countries of Eastern Europe, APEC countries.
The structure of the region's exports is determined to a greater extent by raw materials and products of their processing. The basis of exports, as before, includes non-ferrous metals (aluminum - 36.7%, nickel - 19.2%, copper - 18.7%), timber and timber products (4.6%). Basically, these are sawn timber and raw timber. The main consumers of these products are Japan, Italy, Egypt, Turkey. Ferrous metals, oil and oil products, coal, nitrogen and potash fertilizers, synthetic rubber, mechanical and electrical equipment, and aircraft are also exported.
The leading position in the foreign trade of the Krasnoyarsk Territory is occupied by several large industrial enterprises, such as JSC "Krasnoyarsk Aluminum Plant" (37.3%), JSC "Norilsk Combine" (36.5%), PA "Electrochemical Plant" (13.6% ), OJSC Norilsk Mining Company (2.6%), CJSC Lesosibirsky LDK No. 1 (1.7%), CJSC Novoeniseisky LDK (1.4%), CJSC Trading Company JSC KraMZ (1 ,one%). Also active participants in export operations are the chemical plant "Yenisei", JSC "Krasnoyarsk Coal Company", JSC "Krasnoyarsk Pulp and Paper Plant". These enterprises have stable ties with foreign partners and extensive experience in foreign economic transactions.
In 1999, the region was delivered imported goods in the amount of more than 600.0 million dollars. Despite the fact that the dynamics of the value of imports is constantly changing, in general, this does not affect the economy of the region.
The main share in the structure of imports is occupied by products of the petrochemical complex. This group of goods is mainly represented by products of inorganic chemistry, namely aluminum oxide (alumina), plastics and products made from them. The second place is occupied by engineering products. Machine-building products are imported from the USA, Germany, Austria, and Sweden. Import of products of the fuel and energy complex is 4.2% of the total volume. The region also imports food products and raw materials for their production (meat, flour, vegetables, fruits, wine, confectionery), this group accounts for 8.1% of total imports.
The main counterparties of the Krasnoyarsk Territory in import operations today are Ukraine, Kazakhstan, Germany, Ireland, China, the USA, France, India, Jamaica and Guinea.
The largest importing enterprises in the region are JSC "Krasnoyarsk Aluminum Plant" (44.6%), JSC "Norilsk Combine" (11.2%), PA "Electrochemical Plant" (9.0%), JSC "Cement" (6 ,2%), Coca-Cola Krasnoyarsk Bottlers LLC, Railway, Applied Mechanics NPO, Kansk Tobacco Factory OJSC, Krasmashzavod Chemical Plant FPG.
In conclusion, it should be noted that the trade relations of the Krasnoyarsk Territory largely determine the picture of the foreign economic activity of the entire East Siberian region. In recent years (1999-2000) the region has been constantly taking the lead in terms of export-import operations among the constituent entities of the East Siberian region and provides more than 50% of the total export and 40% of imports.
INFRASTRUCTURE
The transport network of the region is 1789.2 km of railway lines. The operational length of railway access roads of enterprises is 62% of the length of the tracks of the Altai branch of the road. Almost all sidings are broad gauge, which provides access to the public network. On the route Barnaul - Moscow runs branded train "Altai".
The length of the network of navigable river routes is more than a thousand kilometers in a very picturesque area. In the zone of water transport service there is a fourth part of the territory of the region with a population of about a million people, 2 river ports are at their service.
There are 5 airports in the region. The existing airlines make it possible to carry out all types of air transportation of passengers and cargo, including commercial international ones. There are hard-surfaced runways in 25 districts of the region. Communication between the regional center and the capital of Russia is provided by two flights a day on TU - 154 aircraft. An international flight "Barnaul - Dusseldorf - Barnaul" has been launched. The construction of the international sector is being completed at Barnaul Airport.
The network of public roads in the territory of the region is 15442 kilometers, including 13597 kilometers with hard surface.
The Barnaul post office cooperates with the EMC Garantpost express mail enterprises, which are integral part global world network EMC. Enterprise "EMS Garantpost" offers services for sending abroad and delivery from abroad according to the catalogs of international express mail, correspondence, documents, parcels, parcels.
"EMS Garantpost" provides transportation of express mail to almost all countries of the world. Delivery of express shipments from Barnaul to Moscow is carried out by "courier" aircraft within a day, from Moscow "EMS Garantpost" will deliver to the capitals of European countries in no more than 48 hours, to the capitals of North America and Japan - no more than 72 hours, as well as provides delivery of express mail to more than 100 cities of the Commonwealth and large industrial centers of Russia.
INVESTMENTS
The attractiveness of the Krasnoyarsk Territory for foreign investment can be increased by attracting state (regional and federal) funds allocated for further geological exploration of oil and gas promising areas to increase hydrocarbon reserves and resources, as well as for the construction of at least some infrastructure elements: roads, power lines, pipelines, housing.
And if there are no serious shifts in the development of infrastructure, then for the geological study of oil and gas promising areas in the Krasnoyarsk Territory due to budget financing in 1996-1997 several tens of billions of rubles were spent. To a large extent, the current state of affairs can be explained by the fact that in recent years a fairly clear mechanism for financing geological exploration work has been created through deductions for the reproduction of the mineral resource base (VMSB), and capital investments for the construction of infrastructure facilities are an integral part of the consolidated budgets and in a difficult financial situation public sector are allocated on the basis of the residual principle.
Obviously, the more foreign investment the Krasnoyarsk Territory can attract, the faster the development of its oil wealth will begin. Of course, it is possible, in principle, to do without foreign investment, but in this case, the development of the region, as an oil and gas producing region, will occur at a slow pace. State investments could become an alternative to "dollar" injections, but the federal government, apparently, will not be able to allocate the necessary funds to the Krasnoyarsk Territory, since the region itself is a donor federal budget, and the Center already has enough problems with subsidies to the territories. There are not enough own, regional funds for the broad development of the oil program.
The predominant forms of attracting foreign investment in the Krasnoyarsk Territory are foreign loans, as well as the creation of enterprises with foreign participation.
The established experience of interaction between enterprises and commercial structures of the Krasnoyarsk Territory with foreign companies, financial investment funds and banks so far indicates a rather narrow interest in cooperation on the part of foreign partners.
Taking into account the peculiarities of the industrial potential of the region, the presence of large mineral and raw materials, forestry and energy resources, developed non-ferrous metallurgy, high technologies at defense complex enterprises, the main areas of investment in the region are:
Deep processing of mineral raw materials;
Organization of production based on high technologies of the industrial and conversion complex;
Processing of agricultural products, forests and timber;
Transport and communication.
Portfolio foreign investments are directed mainly to the securities of enterprises in the mining industry, metallurgy and energy.
In total, about 200 enterprises with the participation of foreign capital, mainly American, European and Chinese (USA - 10%; countries Western Europe- 21%; China - 9%).
The total volume of foreign investments in the region over the past two or three years is expressed in the amount of $500 million. As a rule, the recipients of investments are large industrial enterprises that produce products that are in demand. Investments are directed to the modernization of production, so there are not so many who received investments.
A number of large enterprises of the region, producing raw materials that are in high demand on the world market, independently solve the issues of attracting financial resources. Enterprises such as Norilsk Nickel and the Krasnoyarsk aluminum smelter receive loans of up to $200 million without a government guarantee - against the supply of metal, or through the pledge of export contracts in one of the Western banks.
As regards the purchase of equipment at their own expense, the regional enterprises purchased equipment and technological lines worth 80 million dollars in 1995 at the expense of purely Russian sources of financing.
As of the end of September 1998, financial investments worth 6,187 million rubles had been accumulated, of which 5,861.3 million rubles (94.7%) were long-term investments, and 325.7 million rubles (5.3%) were short-term investments.
The main source of financing for large and medium-sized enterprises is their own funds, according to financial investments their share is 89.5%, for investments in fixed capital - 72.9%. More than a quarter of all investments are accounted for by attracted funds (27.1%).
The structure of attracted funds by large and medium-sized enterprises for 9 months of 1998 (in percent).
In relation to investors, the region belongs to the number of regions that can be attributed to the number of underestimated by investors. According to objective conditions, indicators of the investment climate, the Krasnoyarsk Territory occupies a much higher place than in terms of real domestic investment. According to the rating of the Union of Industrialists and Entrepreneurs of Russia, compiled in 1997, the Krasnoyarsk Territory ranks 4th among the regions of Russia in terms of the attractiveness of the business climate, second only to Moscow, the Tyumen Region and the Samara Region.
Of the indicators characterizing the capacity of the regional market, as factors significantly influencing the formation of the investment climate, it should be noted one of the most high levels purchasing power of the population of the region in the Russian Federation.
INDUSTRY
The region has a developed industry and actively participates in Russian and international markets. In the system of the international division of labor, the region acts as a powerful fuel and energy complex with energy-intensive production of non-ferrous metallurgy, the chemical industry and mechanical engineering, the extraction of valuable mineral raw materials, and the timber industry. The share of the region in the industry of the East Siberian region is more than 40%, in the industry of Russia - 3%. In terms of export potential, the region is one of the five leading regions of Russia and occupies a leading position in Siberia.
The main industries are: non-ferrous metallurgy (in Norilsk - a mining and smelting plant that produces copper, nickel, cobalt; Krasnoyarsk, Sayan aluminum plants, Sorsk molybdenum plant); mechanical engineering and metalworking (production of equipment for the timber and pulp and paper industries, grain harvesters, heavy overhead cranes, ships, household refrigerators, televisions, excavators, containers, electrical products, trailers, tools); mining (extraction of coal, iron ore, ores of non-ferrous and rare metals, gold, graphite, Icelandic spar); chemical (production of chemical fibers, synthetic rubber, tires, medicines, rubber products); timber and woodworking, light (textile, leather and footwear) and food industries. The Krasnoyarsk, Ust-Khantayskaya, Sayano-Shushenskaya, Mainskaya hydroelectric power stations, Nazarovskaya state district power station operate on the territory of the region.
The main industrial centers: Krasnoyarsk, Norilsk, Abakan, Chernogorsk, Achinsk, Minusinsk.
Leading industrial enterprises. There are 77 machine-building enterprises in the region, including unique ones. The Krasnoyarsk plant "Sibtyazhmash" is the only manufacturer in Russia of heavy overhead electric cranes with a lifting capacity of over 200 tons. The Kraslesmash plant in Krasnoyarsk produces half of the country's jaw loggers and timber transshipment machines. The Krasnoyarsk combine-building association produces 15.5% of Russian grain harvesters. In Krasnoyarsk there is the largest plant in Russia for the production of household refrigerators "Biryusa", which are exported to 40 countries of the world. Scientific and Production Association of Applied Mechanics - the main developer and manufacturer Russian systems space communications. Riverboats, car trailers and refrigerators, televisions and radio-electronic equipment are also produced in the region. In addition, there are the following enterprises in Krasnoyarsk: the state enterprise "Krasmashzavod", the Krasnoyarsk aluminum plant, the Krasnoyarsk production association "Combineprom". In Norilsk - Norilsk Mining and Metallurgical Combine named after. A.P. Zavenyagin; in Achinsk - PA "Achinsk alumina plant"; in the village of N. Poyma - the establishment of the post box U-235.
Fuel and energy complex. The main branch of the region's specialization is energy. In recent years, the contribution of the region to the total volume of electricity production in Russia has been constantly increasing. The Krasnoyarsk Territory generates about 6% of the total electricity produced by the country. Large energy facilities are located on the territory of the region - the Krasnoyarsk HPP, the Krasnoyarsk State District Power Plant - 2, the Nazarovskaya State District Power Plant, the Boguchanskaya HPP under construction and the Berezovskaya State District Power Plant-1.
The region ranks second in Russia in the production of electricity per person. Due to the high energy potential of the rivers, there is a high specific gravity. It is no coincidence that two of the largest hydroelectric power plants in Eurasia were built on the Yenisei: the Krasnoyarsk and Sayano-Shushenskaya hydroelectric power stations. On the basis of the Kansk-Achinsk coal basin, the Kansk-Achinsk fuel and energy complex (KATEK) is being created with the world's most powerful Berezovsky GRES-1 and GRES-2. The existing sections of the basin annually supply about 55 million tons of coal for the needs of power engineers. A significant part of the coal is supplied to thermal power plants in neighboring regions - Novosibirsk, Irkutsk and other regions.
In 1999, more than 50.0 billion kWh of electricity was generated in the region. In 2000, according to economic forecasts, this figure will be much higher. The share of hydropower plants in the total volume of production is also relatively high, which leads to the establishment of relatively low, compared to other regions of Russia, tariffs for electricity and heat.
The energy system of the Norilsk industrial region operates autonomously from the Krasnoyarsk energy system, using natural gas as a raw material: about 5.6 million m2 per year. Centralized power supply in the territory of the region covers 99% of consumers.
Metallurgy. Traditionally, the basic industry in the region is metallurgical, which combines non-ferrous and ferrous metallurgy. In total, more than 30 heavy, light, alloying and rare earth metals and elements are produced in the region, the most important of them are: aluminum, nickel, cobalt, copper, platinum and gold. Non-ferrous and ferrous metallurgy account for about 45% of the region's industrial output. Large metallurgical enterprises are located on the territory of the region: Krasnoyarsk plants - aluminum, metallurgical and non-ferrous metals, Achinsk alumina plant, Gorevsky polymetallic mining and processing plant. The flagship of non-ferrous metallurgy not only in the region, but also in Russia is the world's northernmost Norilsk Mining and Metallurgical Plant, which produces 1/6 of the region's industrial output. With the start of conversion, the production of high-purity metals for the radio-electronic industry, such as tellurium, germanium, silicon, and ultra-pure aluminum, was developed in the region.
In contrast to the non-ferrous metallurgy, the output of the main products of the ferrous metallurgy has somewhat decreased in recent years compared to previous years.
In general, non-ferrous and ferrous metallurgy account for more than 50% of the region's industrial output. These industries play a leading role in the foreign economic activity of the region.
The chemical complex of the region is represented by enterprises of the chemical, petrochemical, microbiological and medical industries. Among the main products of the enterprises of the chemical complex, first of all, oil refining products, synthetic rubber and products created on its basis stand out; total about 300 kinds of products. The enterprises of the region produce 10% of high-quality artificial rubbers in Russia, 15% of car tires, 12% of artificial fibers, a significant proportion of domestic antibiotics, blood substitutes.
The share of the chemical and petrochemical industry in the volume of industrial production of the region has been stably kept at the level of 6-7% in recent years. In 1999, the output of goods and services in these sectors increased by 15.4% compared to the level of 1998. To the most large enterprises include Krasnoyarsk plants - tire, chemical fiber, synthetic rubber, rubber products, medical preparations, as well as the Kansk Biochemical Plant, the Sibvolokno plant.
Mining industry. Raw materials for metallurgy are supplied by mining enterprises. The industrial development of deposits of gold, lead, zinc, magnesites and other minerals is carried out in the region.
At present, almost 90% of the industry's output falls on the extraction of raw materials for the production of non-ferrous metals. The second largest production volume is coal mining. The average annual coal production is over 50 million tons. The main deposits are the Kansko-Achinsk basin, Nazarovskoye, Berezovskoye, Irsha-Borodino deposits.
The volume of industrial production in 1996 was 98% of 1995; in 1995 - 106% of the 1994 level.
Production of the main types of industrial products:
electricity - 49.0 billion kW / h (108% of the 1995 level; in 1995 - 105% from the level
coal - 38.5 million tons (120% of the 1995 level; in 1995 - 87% of the 1994 level);
industrial timber - 5.4 million raft. m3 (85% of the 1995 level; in 1995 - 99.5% of the 1994 level);
lumber - 1.6 million m3 (82% of the 1995 level; in 1995 - 100.3% from the level
hardboard fibreboard - 37.5 million conventional m2 (100.1% of the 1995 level; in 1995 - 134% of the 1994 level);
cardboard - 58.4 thousand tons (73% of the 1995 level; in 1995 - 161% of the 1994 level);
cement - 1353 thousand tons (80% of the 1995 level; in 1995 - 103% of the 1994 level);
chemical fibers and threads - 23.4 thousand tons (79% of the 1995 level; in 1995 - 125% of the 1994 level);
tires - 688 thousand pieces (181% of the 1995 level; in 1995 - 28% of the 1994 level);
refrigerators and freezers - 60.9 thousand units (10% of the 1995 level; in 1995 - 76% of the 1994 level);
televisions - 13.9 thousand pieces (88% of the 1995 level; in 1995 - 27% of the 1994 level);
meat, including by-products of the 1st category - 35.7 thousand tons (84% of the 1995 level; in 1995 - 76% of the 1994 level);
whole milk products in terms of milk - 47.5 thousand tons (81% from the level
1995; in 1995 - 66% of the 1994 level);
confectionery - 264 thousand tons (90% of the 1995 level; in 1995 - 99.6% of the 1994 level).
An important place in the structure of industry is occupied by the fuel and energy and timber industries, non-ferrous metallurgy and the chemical industry. Mechanical engineering and light industry are also of interregional importance.
Sectoral structure of industry (1997):
Power industry (13.1%);
Fuel (8.6%);
Ferrous metallurgy (1.0%);
Non-ferrous metallurgy (43.7%);
Chemical and petrochemical (8.6%);
Mechanical engineering and metalworking (5.9%);
Forestry, woodworking and pulp and paper (5.6%);
Building materials (3.3%);
Light (0.8%);
Food (7.4%).
Forestry and woodworking industry. The totality of branches of the timber industry complex - logging, woodworking and pulp and paper - is of national and international importance. The timber industry and timber export base of the country is being formed in the region. Forests occupy 168.2 million hectares, which is 45% of the territory of the region. Among the main forest-forming species, Siberian larch, cedar, pine, aspen, and birch are most represented. Forests are of operational importance, only high-quality coniferous wood is harvested. Annually 55 million cubic meters of timber are harvested in the region. In terms of timber harvesting, the region ranks third in Russia, and in the production of sawn timber it occupies a leading position in the country. Transportation of wood is carried out by water along the major rivers of the region and by rail.
Agriculture. The region is rightfully considered the largest agricultural region in Central and Eastern Siberia, fully meeting the needs of the population in basic food products. The region in the East Siberian region accounts for more than half of the total grain production, more than 40% of potatoes, 37% of vegetables, 43% of milk, 36-43% of meat and eggs. Due to the harsh climatic conditions of the Krasnoyarsk Territory, agriculture is developed mainly only in the southern regions. The leading branches of agriculture are plant growing, meat and dairy cattle breeding and poultry farming. Fine-fleece sheep breeding is developed in the south, cows, pigs, sheep are bred in the middle lane, reindeer breeding and fur farming, and fur trade predominate in the north. The Krasnoyarsk Territory is an important fur region of the country. On average, up to 15 thousand white foxes, more than 50 thousand commercial sables, 400 thousand squirrels are caught on its territory.
Krasnoyarsk administration portal
Gross regional product. Due to the significant reserves of metal ores, the availability of energy resources, and the heavy industry inherited from the Soviet era, the region is the absolute leader among the regions of the country in terms of the production of an industrial product per inhabitant, the region accounts for 3.2% of the total industrial output produced in Russia. Due to the significant reserves of metal ores, the availability of energy resources, and the heavy industry inherited from the Soviet era, the region is the absolute leader among the regions of the country in terms of the production of an industrial product per inhabitant, the region accounts for 3.2% of the total industrial output produced in Russia. The gross regional product (hereinafter GRP) of the Krasnoyarsk Territory in 2008 is estimated at 764.9 billion rubles (+105.2% over the previous year). In 2007, industry (manufacturing and mining) produced 60.4% of GRP, transport and communications 8.1% of GRP, trade and services 6.7%, construction 6.1%, agriculture 4.9%. The gross regional product (hereinafter GRP) of the Krasnoyarsk Territory in 2008 is estimated at 764.9 billion rubles (+105.2% over the previous year). In 2007, industry (manufacturing and mining) produced 60.4% of GRP, transport and communications 8.1% of GRP, trade and services 6.7%, construction 6.1%, agriculture 4.9%.
Non-ferrous metallurgy Large energetic resources the region made it possible to create a large metallurgical complex: the Krasnoyarsk hydroelectric power station, the Krasnoyarsk aluminum plant, the Achinsk alumina plant, the Krasnoyarsk metallurgical plant (KrAMZ). The large energy resources of the region made it possible to create a large metallurgical complex: the Krasnoyarsk hydroelectric power station, the Krasnoyarsk aluminum plant, the Achinsk alumina plant, the Krasnoyarsk Metallurgical Plant (KrAMZ). Enterprises of the Krasnoyarsk Territory produce about 27% of Russian primary aluminum; Norilsk Nickel produces more than 70% of Russian copper, 80% of nickel, 75% of cobalt, and more than 90% of platinum group metals. Enterprises of the Krasnoyarsk Territory produce about 27% of Russian primary aluminum; Norilsk Nickel produces more than 70% of Russian copper, 80% of nickel, 75% of cobalt, and more than 90% of platinum group metals. In 2007, the region's metallurgy (non-ferrous and ferrous) produced products worth 399.1 billion rubles, in 2008 - 293 billion rubles, with an index of physical production of 102%. In 2007, the region's metallurgy (non-ferrous and ferrous) produced products worth 399.1 billion rubles, in 2008 - 293 billion rubles, with an index of physical production of 102%. Large metallurgical enterprises: Large metallurgical enterprises: Krasnoyarsk plant of non-ferrous metals named after. Gulidov Krasnoyarsk Non-Ferrous Metals Plant. Gulidova Gorevsky mining and processing plant (lead-zinc ores) Gorevsky mining and processing plant (lead-zinc ores
Energy Krasnoyarsk Territory has the largest in Russia hydropower potential. Some of the world's largest hydroelectric power plants have been built on the Yenisei. On the territory of the region there are 20 operating and 1 power plant under construction. The Krasnoyarsk Territory has the largest hydropower potential in Russia. Some of the world's largest hydroelectric power plants have been built on the Yenisei. On the territory of the region there are 20 operating and 1 power plant under construction Krasnoyarskaya HPP
Hydroelectric power stations have been built and are being built in the region: Hydroelectric power stations have been built and are being built in the region: Krasnoyarskaya (20 billion kWh / year); Krasnoyarsk (20 billion kWh/year); Boguchanskaya under construction (18 billion kWh/year); Boguchanskaya under construction (18 billion kWh/year); Kureiskaya (2.6 billion kWh/year); Kureiskaya (2.6 billion kWh/year); Ust-Khantayskaya (2 billion kWh/year). Ust-Khantayskaya (2 billion kWh/year). There are projects of the Evenk hydroelectric power station, the Nizhneangarsky hydroelectric power station and the Kulyumbinsk cascade of hydroelectric power stations. The construction of the Nizhnekureiskaya hydroelectric power station has been mothballed. There are projects for the Evenkiskaya hydroelectric power station, the Nizhneangarsky hydroelectric power station and the Kulyumbinsk cascade of hydroelectric power stations. The construction of the Nizhnekureiskaya hydroelectric power station was mothballed
On the coals of the Kansk-Achinsk coal basin, Berezovskaya (7 billion kWh / year), Nazarovskaya, Krasnoyarskaya GRES-2 and Krasnoyarsk CHPPs (CHP-1, CHPP-2 and CHPP-3) operate. On the coals of the Kansk-Achinsk coal basin, Berezovskaya (7 billion kWh / year), Nazarovskaya, Krasnoyarskaya GRES-2 and Krasnoyarsk CHPPs (CHP-1, CHPP-2 and CHPP-3) operate. The city of Norilsk is supplied with energy by the Norilsk Thermal Power Plant. The city of Norilsk is supplied with energy by the Norilsk Thermal Power Plant. The installed capacity of power plants of the Krasnoyarsk energy system is 13.9 million kW, the share of HPPs in the structure of installed capacity is 52%. In 2007, the proceeds of the power industry enterprises of the region amounted to 50.8 billion rubles. in 2008 electricity generated was 60.2 billion kw. hours (+105.5% compared to 2007), including thermal power plants for general use 39.2 billion kWh. Ch (+125.0% compared to 2007). The installed capacity of power plants of the Krasnoyarsk energy system is 13.9 million kW, the share of HPPs in the structure of installed capacity is 52%. In 2007, the proceeds of the power industry enterprises of the region amounted to 50.8 billion rubles. in 2008 electricity generated was 60.2 billion kw. hours (+105.5% compared to 2007), including thermal power plants for general use 39.2 billion kWh. Ch (+125.0% compared to 2007).
Mechanical engineering and metalworking Mechanical engineering occupies the second place in the Krasnoyarsk Territory in terms of the number of jobs created. Mechanical engineering ranks second in the Krasnoyarsk Territory in terms of the number of jobs created. Machine-building enterprises of the Krasnoyarsk Territory produce products for both civil and defense purposes: Machine-building enterprises of the Krasnoyarsk Territory produce both civil and defense products: grain harvesters and agricultural equipment Krasnoyarsk combine harvester plant, Nazarovsky agricultural machine-building plant; grain harvesters and agricultural machinery Krasnoyarsk combine harvester plant, Nazarovskiy agricultural machine building plant; log loaders, loggers, etc. Kralesmash; log loaders, loggers, etc. Kralesmash; household refrigerators "Biryusa"; household refrigerators "Biryusa"; mining excavators Krastyazhmash; mining excavators Krastyazhmash; bridge cranes up to 200 tons "Sibtyazhmash"; bridge cranes up to 200 tons "Sibtyazhmash"; rocket and space equipment of OAO Krasmash, OAO ISS named after academician M. F. Reshetnev; rocket and space equipment of OAO Krasmash, OAO ISS named after academician M. F. Reshetnev; river vessels Krasnoyarsk shipyard; river vessels Krasnoyarsk shipyard; radio electronic equipment; radio electronic equipment; and other. and other. In 2007, the machine-building enterprises of the region produced products worth 27.1 billion rubles, in 2008 - 29.9 billion rubles. In 2007, the machine-building enterprises of the region produced products worth 27.1 billion rubles, in 2008 - 29.9 billion rubles.
Woodworking and pulp and paper industry The timber industry ranks third in the region in terms of the number of jobs created (after metallurgy and mechanical engineering). About 400 enterprises operate in logging and woodworking. The largest of them are Yeniseysky Pulp and Paper Mill LLC, Lesosibirsky LDK OJSC, Yeniseilesozavod LLC, Novoeniseysky LHK CJSC, DOK Enisey LLC, Kansky LDK LLC, etc. They produce: fiberboard, chipboard, lumber, in 2007, the production of MFD, fuel pellets began. In 2008, the revenues of enterprises in wood processing and the production of wood products amounted to 10.4 billion rubles. The timber industry ranks third in the region in terms of the number of jobs created (after metallurgy and mechanical engineering). About 400 enterprises operate in logging and woodworking. The largest of them are Yeniseysky Pulp and Paper Mill LLC, Lesosibirsky LDK OJSC, Yeniseilesozavod LLC, Novoeniseysky LHK CJSC, DOK Enisey LLC, Kansky LDK LLC, etc. They produce: fiberboard, chipboard, lumber, in 2007, the production of MFD, fuel pellets began. In 2008, the revenues of enterprises in wood processing and the production of wood products amounted to 10.4 billion rubles. The volume of production in the pulp and paper industry and printing activities in 2008 amounted to 3.4 billion rubles. The volume of production in the pulp and paper industry and printing activities in 2008 amounted to 3.4 billion rubles. It is planned to build three pulp and paper mills. It is planned to build three pulp and paper mills.
Chemical industry The chemical industry of the region produces: The chemical industry of the region produces: gasoline and oil products Achinsk oil refinery; gasoline and oil products Achinsk oil refinery; rubbers Krasnoyarsk plant of synthetic rubber; rubbers Krasnoyarsk plant of synthetic rubber; automobile and aircraft tires Krasnoyarsk Tire Plant; automobile and aircraft tires Krasnoyarsk Tire Plant; ethanol "Krasnoyarsk Biochemical Plant", "Kansky Bioethanol"; ethanol "Krasnoyarsk Biochemical Plant", "Kansky Bioethanol"; penicillin and other medicinal products of Kraspharma penicillin and other medicinal products of Kraspharma The production of synthetic fibers has been stopped. The state chemist continues to work. Combine "Yenisei" The production of synthetic fibers has been discontinued. The state chemist continues to work. Combine "Yenisei" The chemical industry of the region in 2008 produced products worth 8.1 billion rubles. The chemical industry of the region in 2008 produced products worth 8.1 billion rubles.
Nuclear industry In the 1950s, the city of Zheleznogorsk and the Krasnoyarsk Mining and Chemical Combine, the city of Zelenogorsk and the Electrochemical Plant were built in the region. In the 1950s, the city of Zheleznogorsk and the Krasnoyarsk Mining and Chemical Combine, the city of Zelenogorsk and the Electrochemical Plant were built in the region.
Oil-producing industry On August 21, 2009, commercial operation of the Vankor oil and gas field began. Oil reserves at the field exceed 260 million tons, natural gas reserves are about 90 billion m³. The design capacity is 14 million tons of oil per year. On August 21, 2009, the commercial operation of the Vankor oil and gas field began. Oil reserves at the field exceed 260 million tons, natural gas reserves are about 90 billion m³. The design capacity is 14 million tons of oil per year.
Other industry The largest financial and industrial groups operate in the region: The largest financial and industrial groups operate in the region: "Basic Element" (RUSAL Krasnoyarsk aluminum plant, Achinsk alumina plant, Krasnoyarsk pulp and paper mill) "Basic element" (RUSAL Krasnoyarsk aluminum plant, Achinsk Alumina Refinery, Krasnoyarsk PPM) Interros (Norilsk Nickel) Interros (Norilsk Nickel) Evraz (Krasnokamensky and Irbinsky iron mines, timber complex) Evraz (Krasnokamensky and Irbinsky iron mines, timber complex) MDM Group SUEK (coal mining, energy) MDM Group SUEK (coal mining, energy) Russian Railways Russian Railways Rosneft Rosneft magnesite ores) Severo-Angara Mining and Metallurgical Combine (magnesite ores)
Transport infrastructure The Krasnoyarsk Territory is a major transport, distribution and transit hub of the Siberian Federal District. The transport complex of the region is represented by all types of transport, including the pipeline Krasnoyarsk Territory is a major transport, distribution and transit hub of the Siberian Federal District. The transport complex of the region is represented by all types of transport, including pipeline
Transport companies The largest transport companies of the Krasnoyarsk Territory: The largest transport companies of the Krasnoyarsk Territory: Krasnoyarsk Railway Krasnoyarsk Railway Yenisei River Shipping Company Yenisei River Shipping Company Vostoksibpromtrans Vostoksibpromtrans The main mode of transport remains the railway. 74.3% of cargo in 2008 was transported by rail. Freight turnover of transport enterprises in 2008 amounted to 71.9 billion t-km. In 2008, transport enterprises transported 459.5 million people and 84.3 million tons of cargo. The main mode of transport remains the railway. 74.3% of cargo in 2008 was transported by rail. Freight turnover of transport enterprises in 2008 amounted to 71.9 billion t-km. In 2008, transport enterprises transported 459.5 million people and 84.3 million tons of cargo. The turnover of transport enterprises in 2008 amounted to 61.2 billion rubles The turnover of transport enterprises in 2008 amounted to 61.2 billion rubles
Communication There are 220 communication operators in the region. In 2008, they provided services worth 28.1 billion rubles. The level of telephonization was 167 fixed telephones per 1000 people. There are 220 telecom operators in the region. In 2008, they provided services worth 28.1 billion rubles. The level of telephonization was 167 fixed telephones per 1000 people.
Construction The intensive development of large-scale industry made it possible to create a powerful construction sector in the Krasnoyarsk Territory. In 2008, more than 5,000 organizations related to the construction complex were registered in the region, including contractors, design and survey enterprises, design institutes, and real estate companies. In 2008, 1 million 101.6 thousand m² of new housing was built in the region, which is 0.4 m² per person. In Krasnoyarsk, 691.6 thousand m² of new housing was built. In 2007 average cost construction of one square meter residential buildings amounted to rubles in the region, a ruble in Krasnoyarsk. The average price of one square meter of the total area of apartments in the Krasnoyarsk Territory in the primary housing market in December 2007 amounted to rubles, in the secondary market of rubles. The intensive development of large-scale industry made it possible to create a powerful construction sector in the Krasnoyarsk Territory. In 2008, more than 5,000 organizations related to the construction complex were registered in the region, including contractors, design and survey enterprises, design institutes, and real estate companies. In 2008, 1 million 101.6 thousand m² of new housing was built in the region, which is 0.4 m² per person. In Krasnoyarsk, 691.6 thousand m² of new housing was built. In 2007, the average cost of building one square meter of residential buildings amounted to rubles in the region, and a ruble in Krasnoyarsk. The average price of one square meter of the total area of apartments in the Krasnoyarsk Territory in the primary housing market in December 2007 amounted to rubles, in the secondary market of rubles.
Agriculture The coat of arms of the Krasnoyarsk Territory depicts a lion with a sickle and a shovel. The sickle and shovel reflected the main occupation of the inhabitants of agriculture and mining, primarily gold. The emblem of the Krasnoyarsk Territory depicts a lion with a sickle and a shovel. The sickle and shovel reflected the main occupation of the inhabitants of agriculture and mining, primarily gold. The climate of the Minusinsk Basin is considered the best in Siberia. The best vegetables and fruits in Siberia are grown here. More than 50% of the regional agricultural production falls on areas located in the central and southwestern parts of the region: Nazarovsky, Emelyanovsky, Uzhursky, Berezovsky, Shushensky, Mansky, Balakhtinsky, Sharypovsky, Minusinsky, Krasnoturansky. The climate of the Minusinsk Basin is considered the best in Siberia. The best vegetables and fruits in Siberia are grown here. More than 50% of the regional agricultural production falls on areas located in the central and southwestern parts of the region: Nazarovsky, Emelyanovsky, Uzhursky, Berezovsky, Shushensky, Mansky, Balakhtinsky, Sharypovsky, Minusinsky, Krasnoturansky. In 2008, the region's enterprises produced agricultural products worth 60.8 billion rubles. In terms of grain crop yields, the region ranks 1st in the Siberian federal district 19.8 q/ha. Livestock and poultry production in 2008 amounted to 180.5 thousand tons (+3.2% compared to 2007), milk production - 676.3 thousand tons (+2.6% compared to 2007). In 2008, the region's enterprises produced agricultural products worth 60.8 billion rubles. In terms of grain crop yield, the region ranks 1st in the Siberian Federal District at 19.8 centners per hectare. Livestock and poultry production in 2008 amounted to 180.5 thousand tons (+3.2% compared to 2007), milk production - 676.3 thousand tons (+2.6% compared to 2007).
Crop production The total sown area of agricultural crops in the farms of the region in 2007 was 1493 thousand hectares. The volume of grain production in 2008 increased compared to 2007 by 19.1% to 2154.6 thousand tons in weight after refinement. The sown area under grain crops increased by 2.9%, and the yield of grain crops by 13.7% compared to 2007. The average grain yield in the region is 22.4 q/ha. The maximum yield of grain crops in 2008 was achieved in the farms of Uzhur (36.7 centner/ha), Nazarovsky (33.3 centner/ha), Sharypovsky (29.9 centner/ha) districts. The total sown area of agricultural crops in the farms of the region in 2007 was 1493 thousand hectares. The volume of grain production in 2008 increased compared to 2007 by 19.1% to 2154.6 thousand tons in weight after refinement. The sown area under grain crops increased by 2.9%, and the yield of grain crops by 13.7% compared to 2007. The average grain yield in the region is 22.4 q/ha. The maximum yield of grain crops in 2008 was achieved in the farms of Uzhur (36.7 centner/ha), Nazarovsky (33.3 centner/ha), Sharypovsky (29.9 centner/ha) districts. In 2008, crop production worth 30.2 billion rubles was produced in the region. In 2008, crop production worth 30.2 billion rubles was produced in the region.
Animal husbandry In 2008, livestock products worth 30.6 billion rubles were produced in the region. In 2008, livestock products worth 30.6 billion rubles were produced in the region. The number of cattle in 2007 amounted to 412.1 thousand heads, the number of pigs - 363.4 thousand heads. In 2008, the trend of reducing the number of cattle continued. As of January 1, 2009, it decreased in farms of all categories compared to the same period of the previous year by 2.9%, including cows by 2.5%. The number of cattle in 2007 amounted to 412.1 thousand heads, the number of pigs - 363.4 thousand heads. In 2008, the trend of reducing the number of cattle continued. As of January 1, 2009, it decreased in farms of all categories compared to the same period of the previous year by 2.9%, including cows by 2.5%. Milk production in 2008 amounted to 676.3 thousand tons. The milk yield per cow is 3866 kilograms. In 2007, 683.1 million eggs were produced. Milk production in 2008 amounted to 676.3 thousand tons. The milk yield per cow is 3866 kilograms. In 2007, 683.1 million eggs were produced.
Prospects for economic development The main medium-term prospects for the economic development of the region are related to the plans for the development of the Lower Angara region. The Administration of the Krasnoyarsk Territory has developed the project "Integrated Development of the Lower Angara Region". The Corporation for the Development of the Krasnoyarsk Territory was created. The main medium-term prospects for the economic development of the region are related to the plans for the development of the Lower Angara region. The Administration of the Krasnoyarsk Territory has developed the project "Integrated Development of the Lower Angara Region". The Corporation for the Development of the Krasnoyarsk Territory was created. At the first stage, it is planned to build: the Boguchanskaya hydroelectric power station, the Karabula Yarki railway, a bridge over the Angara near the village of Yarki, to reconstruct the Kansk Aban and Boguchany Kodinsk highways. An aluminum plant with a capacity of 600 thousand tons in the Boguchansky district, a timber processing complex with a capacity of 720 thousand tons of pulp near the village of Yarki. At the first stage, it is planned to build: the Boguchanskaya hydroelectric power station, the Karabula Yarki railway, a bridge over the Angara near the village of Yarki, to reconstruct the Kansk Aban and Boguchany Kodinsk highways. An aluminum plant with a capacity of 600 thousand tons in the Boguchansky district, a timber processing complex with a capacity of 720 thousand tons of pulp near the village of Yarki. At the second stage: Tagar Metallurgical Association, Gorevsky Metallurgical Association, gas processing and gas chemical plants in the Boguchansky district, a cement plant based on the Chadobetsky alumina plant. At the second stage: Tagar Metallurgical Association, Gorevsky Metallurgical Association, gas processing and gas chemical plants in the Boguchansky district, a cement plant based on the Chadobetsky alumina plant. total cost project: 354.072 billion rubles. The total cost of the project: 354.072 billion rubles.
Krasnoyarsk region
The Krasnoyarsk Territory is the largest region in Russia, attracting the attention of both domestic and foreign investors. This is due, on the one hand, to its uniqueness as one of the richest territories in the country, and on the other hand, to its activity in the economic, scientific and cultural life of Russia.
The natural and geographical advantages of the region are determined by favorable geographical conditions and geopolitical position in the system of international relations.
Administrative composition
City (urban settlement), settlement, village council ( complete system administratively dependent settlements) are recognized in the region as territorial entities that serve as the basis for its territorial division and administrative organization.
Settlements, village councils and regional cities are united in territorial and administrative terms into districts. The territory of the region, except for that part of it, which is the territory of autonomous districts within the region, is directly subdivided into regional cities: Achinsk, Bogotol, Borodino, Divnogorsk, Yeniseysk, Zaozerny, Igarka, Kansk, Krasnoyarsk, Lesosibirsk, Minusinsk, Nazarovo, Norilsk with cities Kayerkan and Talnakh and the village of Snezhnogorsk, Sosnovoborsk, Sharypovo; districts: Abansky, Achinsky, Balakhtinsky, Berezovsky, Birilyussky, Bogotolsky, Boguchansky, Bolshemurtinsky, Bolsheuluysky, Dzerzhinsky, Emelyanovsky, Yeniseysky, Ermakovsky, Idrinsky, Ilansky, Irbeysky, Kazachinsky, Kansky, Karatuzsky, Kezhemsky, Kozulsky, Krasnoturansky, Kuraginsky, Mansky, Minusinsky, Motyginsky, Nazarovsky, Nizhneingashsky, Novoselovsky, Partizansky, Pirovsky, Rybinsk, Sayansky, North Yenisei, Sukhobuzimsky, Taseevsky, Turukhansky, Tyukhtetsky, Uzhursky, Uyarsky, Sharypovsky, Shushensky; closed administrative-territorial formations.
1. one of the largest regions in Russia: total area - 2339.7 thousand square meters. km. (2nd place in Russia); population - 3075.6 thousand people (13th place), length 3000 km from the shores of the Arctic Ocean to the mountainous regions of Southern Siberia;
2. rich resource region with unique fuel and energy and mineral resources;
3. one of the most forested regions of Russia (larch, pine, cedar, spruce, fir). Forest-covered lands occupy 161 million hectares and make up 69% of the total area of the region. The total stock of wood is about 13.9 billion m3, which is 20% of the total Russian stock;
4. the largest exporter of non-ferrous metals (81% of exports in Russia's foreign trade turnover), which have stable demand and high liquidity in world markets; base metals and cermets; wood and products from it; products of inorganic chemistry; nuclear and power equipment; mineral raw materials, fuel and oil products; synthetic materials, etc.; a region with broad interregional ties; a transit center that allows servicing foreign economic relations of other regions of Russia, countries of near and far abroad
5. a region with access along the Yenisei River to the Northern Sea Route, which has a major transport hub of Eastern Siberia (Krasnoyarsk) at the intersection of the Yenisei with the Trans-Siberian Railway and the Moscow-Vladivostok highway;
6. major center domestic and international air routes. The implementation of the transpolar highway project will make it possible to provide flights through the North Pole and connect North America with Southeast Asia;
Features of the economic and geographical position
The Krasnoyarsk Territory is located between 51° and 81° N. sh. (together with the islands) in the basin of the Yenisei water system.
The northernmost point of the region on the mainland is Cape Chelyuskin (77С41 "N). The cape is the extreme tip of Asia.
From north to south, from the shores of the Arctic Ocean to the ridges of the Western and Eastern Sayan Mountains, the Krasnoyarsk Territory stretches for 2886 km, which is (without islands) 26 degrees. From west to east, the length of the region is not the same: the widest is 1250 km, in the south it narrows to 450, and along
Trans-Siberian Railway - equal to 650 km.
Within the region is the eastern part of the Gydan and the entire Taimyr Peninsula. The Krasnoyarsk Territory includes many islands of the Arctic Ocean, including the Severnaya Zemlya archipelago and the islands of Nordenskiöld, Oleniy, Sibiryakov, Vilkitsky, Solitude and others.
Geographically, the region occupies a central position in the Asian part of Russia and is one of the largest administrative units of the country.
Assessing the size of the territory of the region, it should be noted that we are talking not so much about the effectiveness of the given comparisons, but about economic importance these quantities. The territory of the region acts as important factor socio-economic development, slowing down or accelerating its course. At the same time, the vast territory of the region with its complex geological structure is saturated with such a quantity of minerals that is not found in any other region in our country and which serves as a natural basis for the formation of its diversified economy.
In the north, the mainland part of the region is bounded by the Kara and Laptev seas. In the south, the mountains of the Eastern and Western Sayans, the Abakan Range and the Kuznetsk Alatau serve as the border. In the west, the border runs along the watershed of the Ob and Yenisei rivers, and in the east, along the Central Siberian Plateau, where the Lower and Podkamennaya Tunguska rivers converge in their upper reaches. The political and administrative border of the region in the west adjoins the Tyumen, Tomsk and Kemerovo regions and Altai Territory; in the east, our region is adjacent to the Yakut ASSR and the Irkutsk region, and in the south, to the Tuva ASSR.
The features of the economic and geographical position of the region are:
Great remoteness from the most important economic centers of the European part of the country (the distance from Krasnoyarsk to Moscow by rail is 3955 km.
The unequal transport and geographical position of its individual regions, in particular, the isolation from the main routes of communication of most of the northern territories of the region.
The Krasnoyarsk Territory is located in the northern part of the Eurasian continent. The extreme nature of the natural environment requires the creation of special "northern" equipment and additional costs for the production of products; the cost of capital construction increases in the Far North by 3.5-4.0 times.
The region has a more advantageous position among the regions of Eastern Siberia. This neighborhood with Kuzbass and the largest industrial center Siberia - Novosibirsk. Intensity economic ties The territory with Kuzbass increased many times with the construction in the 50-60s of the "route of courage" - the eastern part of the South Siberian railway Novokuznetsk - Abakan - Taishet.
Krasnoyarsk Territory in the national economy
The main directions of the region's economy:
For capital-intensive, energy-intensive industries based on the use of a rich resource and raw material base;
For the production of intermediate products intended for deliveries to other regions of Russia;
For export to countries near and far abroad.
The economic development trend of the Krasnoyarsk Territory reflects:
Specialization in export-oriented industries (currency sector); industries capable of accumulating funds for investment (industries of the fuel and energy complex, non-ferrous metallurgy, chemistry and petrochemistry),
Strengthening positions in the market of cultural services, sports events and tourism business;
decline specific gravity processing industries of the region;
Stabilization of production volumes of primary industries;
Increasing the share of the fuel industry through the development of gas and oil fields, increasing the competitiveness of Kansk-Achinsk coal;
Increasing the degree of concentration of non-ferrous and ferrous metallurgy production (about 20 non-ferrous metallurgy enterprises represent nickel-cobalt, aluminum, lead-zinc, tungsten-molybdenum, gold processing sub-sectors).
The competitive advantages of the region are determined by the specialization of the economy:
Great opportunities for broad cooperation with neighboring regions, countries of near and far abroad, expanding the geography of deliveries;
Wide opportunities for diversification of production;
Opportunities for vertical integration of production based on the development of local raw materials and the organization of deep processing industries;
Availability of innovative potential for the creation of new, science-intensive high-tech industries that bring quick returns;
Preservation of demand in world commodity markets for products of metallurgy, chemistry and petrochemistry (viscose fibers, nitrile rubber).
Dynamics of industrial production in the Krasnoyarsk Territory since 1995 stabilizes:
According to the indices of the physical volume of industrial production, the Krasnoyarsk Territory ranks:
14th place in Russia in relation to 2000/1990 and is 62.3%
9th place in Russia in relation to 2000/1998 and is 108.3%
In terms of the depth of the decline in industrial production (1992-1999), the Krasnoyarsk Territory belongs to the group of regions with a slight decline. In recent years, the real volume of production fluctuates between 58-60% of the 1990 level.
The institutional potential reflects the presence of organizational structures that provide conditions for the business activity of economic entities in the region.
State authority for control over the activities of issuers, professional market participants valuable papers and their self-regulatory organizations of the Krasnoyarsk Territory is the territorial body of the Federal Commission for the Securities of Russia Krasnoyarsk Regional Branch Federal Commission on the securities market. The regional branch has the status of a department of the FCSM of Russia. The activities of the regional branch are carried out on the territory of the Krasnoyarsk Territory, the Republic of Khakassia and the Republic of Tyva.
The main activities of the Federal Commission for the Securities Market are:
Control over the activities of issuers and professional participants in the securities market
Licensing of professional activities in the securities market
Licensing of the activities of investment funds, mutual funds, management companies, special depositaries and independent appraisers
Registration of issues and reports on the results of the issue of securities
Disclosure of Information in the Securities Market
Development of the regulatory legal framework for the securities market
Development of the main directions for the development of the securities market
As of January 1, 2000, the Krasnoyarsk Territory is represented by 17 companies engaged in brokerage and dealer activities, 4 registrars and 2 self-regulatory organizations of professional participants in the securities market:
Professional Association of Registrars, Transfer Agents and Depositories - PARTAD
National Association of Stock Market Participants - NAUFOR
Types of professional activity carried out (type of license):
brokerage
Activity on transactions with securities, except for transactions with funds of individuals and transactions with government securities (BR).
Activity on operations with funds of individuals (BF).
Activities other than transactions with funds of individuals in the securities market (B1).
Activity on operations with funds of individuals in the securities market (B2).
Dealership
Dealer activity in the securities market (D1)
Dealer activities in operations with securities, with the exception of operations with government securities (SI).
Maintaining registers of holders of registered securities
Brokers and dealers:
Operations with securities are carried out by Landinvestservis CJSC, Akserver LLC, Vostok-Finance LLC, SP-Invest LLC, SVEM-Invest Investment Institute LLC, Diamant LLC, Radon-Invest LLC, CJSC IC "Team-Invest", CJSC IFK "Mir", LLC GUK
There are both state-owned (State Enterprise Krasnoyarsk Regional Investment Center) and private firms (CJSC Investment Department of the Krasnoyarsk Regional Clearing House; OJSC Kovcheg - voucher investment fund, OOO "KRAZ-Invest", OOO IK "Azhio", OOO KFK "Region Invest", OOO KIK "Troika". This market is complemented by institutions independent evaluation(Independent Assessment Agency LLC; TITAN LLC; Ecocenter LLC.
The following companies are registered to carry out netting operations: JSC “KrAZ-broker” (financial broker); RAO "Norilsk Nickel" - Krasnoyarsk representative office.
5 firms are registered in the Krasnoyarsk Territory to organize and conduct marketing research and industrial consulting.
Specialized registrars: As the leading and largest registrar among the professional participants in the securities market of the Krasnoyarsk Territory, CJSC KRC "Registrator KI" can be distinguished, they also have a license for the right to operate CJSC "CRC" Dominika, CJSC Krasnoyarsk Registration Company, CJSC KRC Pioneer. Exchanges The Krasnoyarsk stock exchange "Troika" was founded in 1991; 120 enterprises and organizations are shareholders of the exchange, 250 firms of various forms of ownership of the Krasnoyarsk Territory, Russia and the CIS countries are accredited. The main activities are: work on commodity and stock markets;? bidding for 14 groups of goods;? formation of prices and provision of information about them; providing subscribers with the opportunity to receive analytical materials from the largest information structures of the CIS (legal, economic, financial, investment, exchange information; information and Russian market securities and real estate, reviews, forecasts, comments);? services for the revaluation of property and fixed assets, the development and implementation of the issue of securities. Market of insurance servicesIn the Krasnoyarsk Territory there are 7 regional insurance companies that are among the largest companies in Russia: LLC " Insurance Company AVIA, Krasnoyarsk Insurance Company Vozrozhdenie-Kredit, Medical Insurance Corporation, CJSC Krasnoyarsk Insurance Company KSK, Closed Joint Stock Insurance Company Nadezhda, Insurance Company SINTO, OJSC Transsiberian Reinsurance Corporation insurance activity on the territory of the Russian Federation.? the total authorized capital of the companies is over 35 million rubles? the number of personnel is over 1500 people. insurance market The region presents almost all types of activities permitted by the license:? life? from accidents? health insurance? means of transport? cargo? financial risks? civil and professional liability? reinsurance One of the largest insurance companies "Vozrozhdenie-Kredit", which has the highest rating among the insurance companies of the region, has been operating on the market since 1991, is a member of the Siberian Association of Insurers and the Pool of Insurers of Siberia. Among the company's clients are over 250 enterprises, banks, state and municipal institutions and over 110 thousand individuals in the city of Krasnoyarsk and districts of the region for personal, property and liability insurance. Banking system One of the most developed in the East Siberian region, which is associated with a high share of export-oriented industries:? in terms of the number of registered banks and branches, the region ranks 23rd in the Russian Federation; in terms of investments in banking system(per capita - 766.6 rubles; in% of the average Russian level - 88.1%) - 25th place;? in terms of investments in Savings bank Russian Federation (share in the Russian Federation - 1.85%) - 11th place in the Russian Federation.
The level of lending activity in the region is below the Russian average.
The amount of loans issued increased by 3.7% (against Russia -22.3%);
The share of long-term loans in the overall structure increased;
The ratio of issued loans to attracted funds from the population and enterprises remained at the 1997 level. and is 95% (against the East Siberian region - 92%).
At the same time, the share of overdue loans increased due to the general growth in non-payments in the Russian economy. The growth of the ratio of overdue debt to attracted funds from the population and enterprises is 16.5% against 15.44% in the Russian Federation.
The financial crisis of August 1998 undermined the banking system of the region, which consisted of 22 banks, among which were branches of the largest Moscow banks - Mosbusinessbank, Most-Bank, Rossiyskiy Kredit, Inkombank, SBS-Agro, etc.
Currently, among the largest and most stable banks in the territory of the region, one can note: Sberbank, Vneshtorgbank, Kedr, JSCB "Yenisei United Bank".
Legislative authorities:
Legislative Assembly of the Krasnoyarsk Territory;
Krasnoyarsk City Council;
City councils of other cities of the region.
Executive authorities:
Administration of the Krasnoyarsk Territory;
Administration of the city of Krasnoyarsk.
Federal authorities include:
Territorial branch of the Federal Securities Commission;
Territorial Agency for Financial Recovery and Bankruptcy;
the Federal Tax Police Service;
Plenipotentiary Representation of the President of the Russian Federation in the Krasnoyarsk Territory;
Office of the Authorized Ministry of Economic Development and Trade of the Russian Federation;
Krasnoyarsk Regional Department of Statistics;
Department of the Federal Employment Service for the Krasnoyarsk Territory;
State Committee for Environmental Protection of the Krasnoyarsk Territory;
Krasnoyarsk Customs (East Siberian Customs Administration);
Central Siberian Chamber of Commerce and Industry;
Committee for Ecology and Subsoil Use of the Krasnoyarsk Territory "Krasnoyarskgeolcom";
East Siberian Regional Administration currency control Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation
Demographic situation
In the Krasnoyarsk Territory in 2000, the following phenomena were observed:
The number of economically active population by the end of December 1999 amounted to 1511.2 thousand people, or 49.1% of the total population of the region.
The unemployment rate was 13.6% of the economically active population (205.6 thousand people);
59.5 thousand employees of large and medium-sized industrial enterprises (3.9% of the economically active population) worked part-time, 3.3% were on forced administrative leave (48.8 thousand people);
For every vacancy there were 22.6 unemployed;
The largest share in the structure of the unemployed was occupied by citizens aged 30 to 53 (58 for men) - 63.4%; young people from 16 to 29 years old - 32.7%;
Every sixth inhabitant of the region has reached retirement age;
The most common causes of death of the population were diseases of the circulatory system - 48%; accidents - 18%;
At the same time, there is an increase in the activity of federal and regional authorities to smooth out social tensions:
The work of the regional administration has been intensified in obtaining loans, loans from the Ministry of Finance, developing effective systems of offsets to pay off wage arrears;
The control of the State Labor Inspectorate over compliance with labor legislation at enterprises and organizations has been strengthened;
Employment and assistance programs for the unemployed have been developed through the Department of the Federal Employment Service:
Programs for retraining and assistance in housing construction under the program "State housing certificates» for citizens discharged from military service and military personnel transferred to the reserve.
According to the Consulting Agency "Expert-Region", the rating of the region in terms of the socio-political situation is 57th place, incl. according to indicators:
Administrative expenses - 64th place;
Social tension - 57th place;
Main branches of market specialization
Among the Siberian regions, the Krasnoyarsk Territory belongs to the zone of "stabilization" of industrial production and can be considered as a center economic growth. In 2000, the region's industry produced products worth 124.5 billion rubles, which is physical calculation compared to 1998 is 108%. At the same time, the bulk of industrial production accounted for enterprises with private and mixed forms (without foreign participation) of ownership (93.4%). The growth of industrial production in 2000 was observed in the fuel industry (9.1%), ferrous and non-ferrous metallurgy (13.9%), chemical and petrochemical industry (13.1%), mechanical engineering and metalworking (14.8%), forestry, woodworking and pulp and paper industry (2.2%), building materials industry (4.1%), microbiological (11%).
On the territory of the Krasnoyarsk Territory there are 5 monopoly enterprises that produced 38.4% of the total output in 2000:
OJSC Krasnoyarskenergo;
OJSC Norilsk Mining and Metallurgical Plant;
OJSC "Krasnoyarsk Aluminum Plant";
OJSC "Krasnoyarsk plant of non-ferrous metals";
OJSC Achinsk Alumina Refinery.
The main sources of investments of enterprises are their own funds
The resource and raw material potential represents the availability of balance reserves of the main types of natural resources. The Krasnoyarsk Territory is the largest natural resource base in Russia. The unique natural resource potential of the region is capable of providing a significant income for the foreseeable future.
The Krasnoyarsk Territory ranks first in Russia in terms of reserves of coal, nickel, nepheline ores, magnesites, and graphite. Almost all platinoids are mined in the region, 75% of cobalt, 80% of nickel, 70% of copper, 24% of lead, 16% of coal from the total production of Russia.
In terms of gold mining, the Krasnoyarsk Territory occupies one of the first places among Russian regions. The Olimpiadinskoye deposit, the second in terms of reserves in Russia, is located in the Severo-Yenisei region. Within 30 years, large-scale gold mining is possible on it.
Alluvial gold reserves and resources make it possible to increase and maintain its production in the amount of 4.5-5.0 tons per year. The total volume of forecast calculations: alluvial gold - 10 tons; root gold - 5 tons. An increase in gold production is possible only on the basis of bedrock.
The main reserves of lead and zinc are concentrated in the Gorevsky lead-zinc deposit, which is one of the largest in the world in terms of lead reserves. It focuses on:
Industrial stocks of lead - 42.4%;
Russian zinc reserves - 2.5%.
At the Gorevsky Mining and Processing Plant, up to 200 thousand tons of ore are mined and processed, from which 16-18 thousand tons of lead concentrates are produced, containing 50-60% lead and up to 450 g/t silver.
The presence of unique coal deposits predetermined the structure of the sectoral economy of the Krasnoyarsk Territory. About 8% of coal in the CIS is mined in the region, which is more than 52 million tons per year. The Kansk-Achinsk brown coal basin is the largest in terms of seam thickness and occurrence conditions, the explored reserves of which amount to 600 billion tons. The Kansk-Achinsk basin is the largest mineral resource base for the coal, energy and chemical industries. The value of the basin is determined by the wide distribution of super-thick coal seams occurring at shallow depths and available for efficient open-pit mining. The total reserves make up 66% of Russia's energy reserves of coals. The total explored coal reserves are 806 billion tons, of which only 7% have been industrialized. Currently, the Nazarovskoye, Berezovskoye, Irsha-Borodinskoye fields are being exploited. The average coal production is over 50 million tons per year.
The Norilsk ore district is rich in copper-nickel ores, after enrichment of which copper, nickel and pyrrhotite concentrates are obtained. On the basis of the deposits, a mining and metallurgical complex was created - OJSC Norilsk Mining and Metallurgical Plant - the world's largest producer of nickel and platinum group metals: Pt, Pd, Rh, Ir., Os, Ru. It meets the needs of Russia in copper, nickel, cobalt by more than 70%, platinum group metals - by 90%.
There are 25 explored oil fields in the region (whose reserves are 1011.3 million tons), gas (reserves - more than 1 trillion m3), gas condensate (reserves - 50 million tons). Oil production has begun in one of the most promising oil and gas provinces in Russia, located in the south of Evenkia and the Lower Angara region.
In the Krasnoyarsk Territory are large resources iron-aluminum raw materials in the amount of 600 million tons, incl. 200 million tons of low-quality bauxites, including 22.4% alumina, 12.2% silica, 35.2% oxide iron. The main part of explored reserves is concentrated in the Central deposit.
The iron ores of the Krasnoyarsk Territory are mainly represented by a magnetite grade, they are poor (26-35% iron), but easily enriched. The largest deposit is Tangarskoye (one of the six deposits of the Sredne-Angara iron ore region), reserves are 265.4 million tons.
The Porozhinskoye deposit of manganese ores is the largest deposit in Russia containing oxide and carbonate ores.
Forecast calculations of iron-type chromite ores suitable for underground mining. are estimated at 200 million tons,
The reserves of iron ore in the region amount to 2270 million tons, of which 56% are easily enriched. Inferred resources are estimated at 4.5 billion tons.
Explored bauxite reserves in the interfluve of the Angara and Podkamennaya Tunguska are estimated at 100 million tons. The Kirgiteisky bauxite deposit in the Motyginsky district was the basis for the creation of the Kirgiteisky periclase plant as part of the Angarsk mining and metallurgical complex, which produces electrical periclase - 6 thousand tons per year.
Forecast calculations of the reserves of niobium pentoxide in the Yenisei region are estimated at 176 thousand tons; only the Tatar apatite-pyrochlore deposit contains 29 thousand tons.
The balance reserves of loose talc at the Kirgiteiskoye deposit in categories B + C1 are 2.7 million tons (10.9% of Russia's reserves); category C2 - 4.9 million tons. The high quality of talc will create a base for the ceramic, paint and varnish and pulp and paper industries.
The balance reserves of antimony in the amount of 36.2 thousand tons of category C1 (with an antimony content in the ore of 9.4%) are presented at the Uderiisky gold - antimony deposit.
The probable reserves of quartzites at the Shilshinskoye deposit, which can be used for the production of crystalline silicon and refractories, are estimated at 343 million tons. The Sredne-Rassokhinskoye deposit contains reserves of quartz sands of category C1 + C2 in the amount of 115.6 million tons. The use of sand is possible for molding glass and building raw materials.
Investment attractiveness
The predominant forms of attracting foreign investment in the Krasnoyarsk Territory are foreign loans, as well as the creation of enterprises with foreign investment. In total, about 200 enterprises with the participation of foreign capital are registered in the region, mainly American, European, Chinese (USA - 10%, Western European countries - 21%, China - 9%).
By types, the volumes of foreign investments accumulated by September 2000 amounted to: direct - 13.8 million US dollars, portfolio - 21.1 million US dollars, other - 431.8 million US dollars.
Investors are invited to participate in the development and implementation of integrated economic programs such as:
Processing of products of the timber industry complex;
Development of the largest deposits of gold and lead-zinc ores, magnesite, polymetallic ores and bauxites, additional exploration and development of large oil and gas deposits;
Development of the fuel and energy complex of the region, including the creation of technologies for deep processing of coal, the development of solutions for the gasification of the region and the use of other alternative energy sources, as well as the development of directions for the use of energy;
Conversion of defense enterprises of the region - a program of high-precision, science-intensive technologies for the production of magnetic media, the production of high-purity metals in industrial volumes, the production Vehicle new generations;
Development of trade infrastructure, including the creation of an international trade center, a system of business communications - an international airport, subway, first-class highways, a number of objects of cultural and social significance;
Intraregional and interregional links
Infrastructural potential characterizes the possibility of organizing and conditions entrepreneurial activity throughout the region. Given the length of the Krasnoyarsk Territory of 3,000 km from North to South, the most important component of the infrastructure potential is the transport system.
The transport system of the Krasnoyarsk Territory is one of its competitive advantages, the importance of which has increased due to the change in the geopolitical position of Russia, the increased focus on the Northern Sea Route for escorting foreign ships due to the loss of a number of ports in the Black and Baltic Seas, the organization of transpolar air routes connecting the South- East Asia and North America.
Main competitive advantages Krasnoyarsk Territory, associated with the transport system are:
Location on transport communications of federal and international importance. The city of Krasnoyarsk is a major transit hub on the Trans-Siberian Railway;
Crossing short air routes over its territory and the possibility of providing the region's airspace for organizing intercontinental air traffic;
The presence in the city of Krasnoyarsk of a large airport of international importance.
The degree of development of the transport system is differentiated by districts:
The central and southern regions of the region are the most developed in terms of transport. In the south of the region passes the main transport route - the Trans-Siberian Railway. The zone of preferential service by rail transport is 88 thousand km2. Parallel to the railway lines, important car roads having independent significance, their directions and service areas.
In the southern regions of the region, the main transportation is carried out along the main railways, to a lesser extent - on other railways, roads and river routes.
The northern and eastern parts of the region are poorly developed in terms of transport:
there are no year-round railways and motor roads, transportation of goods is carried out by river transport along the Yenisei and Angara, as well as along small rivers during the spring flood, by road transport along winter roads, or by air.
The communication complex of the Krasnoyarsk Territory is represented by:
Enterprises and organizations involved in the production and sale of telecommunications and communications equipment, computer equipment;
Enterprises and organizations providing information, telecommunications and consulting services.
More than 120 licensees are registered with the Department of State Supervision of Communications in the Krasnoyarsk Territory, who have received the right to provide local telephone, long-distance, cellular and trunking communications, radio, television and other services. More than 30,000 radio-electronic devices were issued permission to work on the air in the territory of the region.
At present, the most powerful companies in the communications system are Rostelecom, SibChallenge OJSC, Electrosvyaz JSC.
Rostelecom is the territorial center of long-distance communications and television (branch of JSC Rostelecom):
Carries out operation of objects of the main communication and television broadcasting systems of the region, republics: Khakassia, Tuva, Komi, Arkhangelsk, Sverdlovsk and Tyumen regions of Russia;
Provides international and long-distance telecommunication services.
In the Krasnoyarsk Territory there are:
6 paging companies (Yenisepage LLC; Iskra OJSC; Continental Link CJSC - Krasnoyarsk Paging Communications; Korona LLC - Unified Paging System of Russia; Paragon LLC; Cross Joint Venture);
2 companies providing cellular communication services (Yenisei-Telecom, JSC Sibchallenge);
4 trunking companies (JSC "Geoset-Siberia" - engineering center; OJSC "Iskra"; Krasnoyarsk regional radio and television transmitting center; OJSC "Sibchallenge").
System postal services With state form property is increasingly being transformed into private ownership and is being replaced by firms engaged in express postal services in the business sector, mainly with head offices in Moscow (DHW; EMS; UPS; TNT).
In the Krasnoyarsk Territory there is an extensive network of production and distribution of printed publications: 45 newspapers of the central press, 48 newspapers of the regions, 16 magazines. The main postal agencies are: production and commercial company "Korsar", LLC "Agency" Beginning of the day ", Liga-press, press distribution agency" Khvoya ".
The system of television and radio companies is most widely represented, only in the city of Krasnoyarsk there are 5 local radio broadcasting companies, 5 local television companies (JSC Afontovo Television and Radio Company; independent television company Prima-TV; OJSC TVK-6kanal; Krasnoyarsk state television and radio broadcasting company Center of Russia ; "Telesfera"), 8 television companies of the Russian and interregional level also broadcast in the city.
In the information service system of the Krasnoyarsk Territory, 6 companies are registered that provide regulatory, legal, scientific, technical, economic and industrial information (LLC "Garant-service", CJSC "Yenisei" - Center international trade, "Inform-service" - production and commercial center, OJSC "Iskra" - Krasnoyarsk engineering and information center, RosAgroPromInform - Krasnoyarsk engineering center, LLC "Takmak-system" - Regional information center).
Currently, the information and telecommunications services market is being formed by covering the segment of the population with an average income level and introducing new technologies (fiber optic cables) that allow the formation of a telecommunications infrastructure that provides access to the global information space through the Internet system.
Main problems and ways of development
Financial and economic risks. Financial and economic risks reflect negative trends in economic development region, the current economic situation as a whole, in the modes of financial and credit activities and the level of legislative creativity. Financial and economic risks depend on many factors:? demographic changes; changes in business activity (index of entrepreneurial confidence);? changes in the level and structure of incomes of the population (poverty threshold); changes in the structure of investments and lending activity. The change in the demographic situation in the Krasnoyarsk Territory as a whole is expressed as follows:? reduction in the population of the region (negative natural increase - the excess of the number of deaths over births) - 14114 people? an increase in the number of divorces (by 8.6% against 1999), and at the same time an increase in the number of marriages (by 7.1%); increase in the number of people of working age by 2.3 thousand people. (1841 thousand people);? change in the age structure of the population due to a decrease in the proportion of people younger than working age (up to 22.9% against 23.6% in 1998);? activation of migration processes on the territory of the region (from the northern regions to the southern ones - the coefficient of migration movement from the city of Igarka is 62.3%, from the city of Norilsk, Turukhansky and Boguchansky regions - 20-29%).Changing the structure of the population by reducing the proportion of young people may lead to a decrease in the economically active population in the future. This factor is joined by the factor of activation of migration processes from the northern territories to the southern ones, especially of middle-aged and elderly people. This leads to the need to increase expenditure items for social protection of the population and the formation of social programs.
In the Krasnoyarsk Territory, the business activity of enterprises and the index of entrepreneurial confidence begin to grow. According to forecasts for 2000, 88.0% of industrial enterprise managers believe that economic situation will not change or improve.
The economically active population is 49.1% (1511.2 thousand people), including:
Employed in the economy of the region - 86.4% (1305.6 thousand);
Unemployed - 13.6% (205.6 thousand).
The predominant part of the population - 74.6% of the total number of employed - are workers of large and medium-sized enterprises. The number of newly introduced jobs at large and medium-sized enterprises amounted to 7.6 thousand. for 2000 At the same time, the number of unprofitable enterprises by industry varies from 26% to 69%.
The Krasnoyarsk Territory currently belongs to the sixth lowest group (absolutely unreliable guarantees) in terms of the reliability of loan guarantees, which are secured by budget revenues, and ranks 63rd in the Russian Federation.
The level of lending activity is below the Russian average. At the same time, one should take into account the positive dynamics of the share of the Krasnoyarsk Territory in the tax revenues of the Russian Federation.
Financial risks increase due to changes in the level and structure of the population's income, and an increase in the poverty line.
Changes in the structure of expenses occur due to:
Growth in the purchase of goods and services (56.9% against 55.7% in 1999);
Decrease in expenses for the purchase of real estate (by 2 times) and the purchase of foreign currency (by 2.2 times).
Part foreign exchange market goes into the unaccounted for "shadow" sector, which leads to the loss of a fairly large segment of the buyers' market. In terms of the share of hidden income, which increased to 19.7% against 11.1%, the Krasnoyarsk Territory ranks 6th, in terms of poverty - 6th (26.6% against 37.4% in Russia).
There is an outflow trend Money outside the edge.
environmental riskThe enterprises accumulated about 398 million tons of toxic waste as of 01.01.2000. During 1999 12.2 million tons were formed, of which 2.9 thousand tons are waste of the second hazard class. The largest number pollutants are emitted into the air basin of the cities of Norilsk, Krasnoyarsk and Achinsk.
On the territory of the region there are 17 places of organized waste disposal with a total area of 251 hectares. At the same time, there are 8 reserves and national parks on the territory of the Krasnoyarsk Territory, with a total area of 13.5 thousand hectares.
The Krasnoyarsk Regional State Ecological Fund has been created, which identifies the following as priority areas of its activity:
Reducing the anthropogenic impact on the environment - Programs "Clean Air", " Pure water”, “Waste”, “Waste water”;
Monitoring - the formation of a regional system that is part of the Unified state system environmental monitoring;
Radiation safety - study, analysis and mapping of natural and anthropogenic radiation sources;
Rational use of natural resources;
Environmental education, education through the media;
Compensation for damage to public health caused by environmental pollution.
End of form
Literature
1. Morozova T.G. Economical geography Russia. M., 2000.
2. Lysenko Yu.F. Economic geography of the Krasnoyarsk Territory. M., 1999.
3. http://www.krskstate.ru
4. http://www.raider.ru - site of the committee of the administration of the Krasnoyarsk Territory for economy and industry.
5. Gladkiy Yu.N., Dobroskok V.A., Semenov S.P. Economic Geography of Russia.-M.; Enlightenment, 1999.,
