Before considering the issues of ensuring the economic security of the industry national economy, apparently, it is necessary to analyze its features, which manifested themselves in the process of creation, and manifest themselves in the process of functioning.
First of all, it is a mixed administrative-market character, which is manifested in the fact that the industry operates mainly in the commodity markets, and management is carried out within a strict administrative framework - up to the intervention of the Russian Government.
As a feature, we note specialization within the specifics of the product range, which limits the possibility of strengthening market security through inter-industry diversification.
We also note that the fundamental feature of the industry is the absence of strategic financial goals, due to the macroeconomic model, that is, the mechanism of income redistribution is included in tax system at the macro level. There is also a contradiction between the nature of operations and the impossibility of their execution, due to legislative restrictions on the performance of business operations by administrative bodies exercising management.
It should be borne in mind that the industry is distinguished by the fundamental impossibility of monopoly use of budgetary resources, possible options use budget funds is to provide budgetary guarantees for servicing targeted loans.
The functioning of the industry is carried out in conditions of fierce competition with similar industries on a global scale, which increases the threat to economic security, and also increases the need to regulate the conditions for the functioning of industry entities at the macro level.
In addition, there is an urgent need for highly qualified specialists with real restrictions on their wages, which entails the use of the services of professional market participants and the provision of certain rights in return for the use of part of the allocated funds for their stimulation.
The listed features of the branch of the national economy significantly distinguish it both from the functioning of a company with a purely market orientation, and from an administratively oriented organization. Therefore, ensuring the economic security of the industry should be carried out on the basis of a synthesis of administrative and market methods management, and this, in turn, means the need for compromise solutions.
Let us now consider economic security as a separate concept, which is necessary both for the conceptual apparatus and for developing a concept for ensuring the economic security of a sector of the national economy. The category of economic security itself is quite new and little used in the theory and practice of management. The traditional understanding of security is most often reduced to national security, which is defined as the security guaranteed by constitutional, legislative and practical measures and ensuring the national interests of citizens and the country.
A significant number of definitions of the concept of "economic security" and the semantic meanings that the authors of the research put into it indicate that, firstly, there is great interest in this problem, and secondly, about its relevance, and also that as yet there is no single categorical judgment. Apparently, this is why in the "State Strategy for Economic Security Russian Federation"There is no single definition of economic security.
This indicates that research in this area will be continued, and a final definition that satisfies everyone, on the basis of which a general concept will appear, reflecting the goals, objectives, structure, functions, sets of tasks that ensure economic security in the country, its national economy and various institutions - a matter of the near, but the future. It is interesting that the concept of "economic security" has become part of the economic life countries as market relations develop, and, as it seems to us, is a consequence of the development of these relations. In any case, it seems that we also have the right to our own judgment on this issue, especially since the object of our study is significantly different from the objects of study of most authors.
Among the developments carried out at the state level, one should especially highlight the "State Strategy for the Economic Security of the Russian Federation", approved by Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of April 29, 1996 No.
The State Strategy develops and specifies the provisions of the National Security Concept of Russia, taking into account national interests in the field of economy. Its goal is to ensure such development of the economy, which would create acceptable conditions for the life and development of the individual, the socio-economic and military-political stability of society and the preservation of the integrity of the state, successfully resisting the influence of internal and external threats.
The state strategy includes:
The implementation of the mentioned State Strategy should be carried out through a system of specific measures implemented on the basis of qualitative indicators and quantitative indicators - macroeconomic, demographic, foreign economic, environmental, technological, etc.
The Government of the Russian Federation, in turn, adopted the Decree "On Priority Measures for the Implementation of the State Strategy for Economic Security of the Russian Federation." It contains a list of measures to prevent threats to economic security:
A special place in the Strategy is given to the economic priorities of the country, among which are noted: the strategy of the economy, structural transformations, financial and monetary relations, budgetary priorities, scientific and technical policy, agricultural policy, the elimination of crime, regional policy, foreign economic activity, relations with the CIS countries , commodity policy.
Comparing these priorities with the conceptual foundations of the economic security of a particular industry, one can be convinced of their almost complete compliance. This indicates that the industry itself is a comprehensive tool for ensuring the economic security of the country (in this case, the economy of the pipeline transport industry). In the vast majority of developments and publications devoted to the problem of economic security:
From the analysis of literary sources and developments devoted to the problem of economic security, one general conclusion of interest to us in the context of our study can be drawn. The authors choose the state, society, subject of the federation (region), firm, family, individual as the main objects in the developments, and measures to improve infrastructure systems, such as, for example, scientific and technical, economic, financial , political, social, informational, legal, military, environmental, cultural, criminological, etc.
It is noteworthy that in none of the developments on economic security known to the authors, none of the above infrastructure systems is chosen as an object, which is explained by the obvious insufficient elaboration of the problem of economic security, and at the same time determines the prospects for studying this problem. What has been said again and again convinces us of the relevance of the chosen topic of the study, devoted to the economic security of the sector of the national economy of Russia.
Using the above approaches to the definition of the concept of economic security, we will try to formulate one for the sector of the national economy. In our opinion, it may look like this: the economic security of a sector of the national economy is understood as the economic protection of the sector and the interests of its participants from external and internal threats, which makes it possible to reliably preserve and effectively use its economic potential to fulfill its mission.
The mission of the industry is to meet the needs of the market for the products of the industry by improving technological processes, based on volume reduction budget financing, within the framework of the state strategy for the development of the national economy. This means that if the industry is in a state of development, then the main criterion for the effectiveness of its activities are precisely the factors listed above.
It should be noted that the need to formulate the problem of economic security is determined by the presence of external (exogenous) and internal (endogenous) destructive factors (threats) in relation to the industry and, as a result, to the entire national economy. External destructive factors, for example, include:
Among the internal factors that generate threats that are fraught with risks of failure situations, include:
It should be said that the concept of "economic security" is closely related to such concepts as:
Keywords
ECONOMIC SECURITY/ THREATS / SECURITY / STRATEGY / RUSSIAN FEDERATION/ ECONOMIC SECURITY / THREATS / PROTECTION / STRATEGY / RUSSIAN FEDERATIONApril 29, 2016 marks the 20th anniversary of the adoption of the State Strategy economic security Russian Federation. It began to operate in a difficult period of formation in Russia of new social economic relations. A number of industrial developed countries and the largest international corporations tried to use the difficulties of development Russian Federation and the weakening of its positions in the global economic space in its economic and political interests, which are at odds with the interests of Russia and its economic entities. The goal of the Strategy was to protect the development of the Russian economy and the well-being of citizens from internal and external threats. It was assumed that the Strategy would operate during a period of economic transformation, which would last from three to five years. It's time to develop and adopt a new State strategy economic security Russian Federation. The article presents the results of the analysis of the National Security Strategy, the State Strategy economic security Russian Federation and law Russian Federation"About security". Based on these documents and based on the study of modern threats to Russia's security, the author proposes to introduce into the text of the State Strategy economic security Russia the following subsections: 1) general provisions; 2) protected objects; 3) threats economic security Russian Federation; 4) sources of threats and threatening subjects; 5) protecting subjects and their responsibility; 6) forces, means, techniques, methods of protection; 7) conditions and time of their application; 8) indicators of threats and the level of security; 9) threat monitoring and security.
On the new National Security Strategy of the Russian Federation
2015 / Sergey KazantsevNational economic interests and ensuring the economic security of Russia
2015 / Volodin Viktor Mikhailovich, Rozhkova Liliya Valerievna, Skvortsova Valentina AlekseevnaMechanisms for ensuring economic security
2016 / Volodin Viktor Mikhailovich, Rozhkova Liliya ValerievnaKey Threats to Russia's Economic Security
2019 / Tamara UskovaOn the issue of the concept of economic security in the context of a new strategy for its provision in the Russian Federation
2019 / Annenkova Victoria Gennadievna, Myagkova Tatyana Leonidovna, Agishev Rustyam AipovichTopical issues improving the legislative, strategic and institutional support in the Russian Federation for countering new security threats related to transnational organized crime and international terrorism
2016 / Milinchuk Veronika VladimirovnaTechnological components of some threats to the national interests of the Russian Federation
2015 / Pozdnyakov A.I., Grafeev O.E.State strategy of economic security of the Russian Federation: goals, objectives, principles
2016 / Burmistrova Alevtina Anatolyevna, Kondrashova Inna Sergeevna, Rodionova Natalia KonstantinovnaSubstantiation of new measures to protect the national interests of Russia in the modern world economy
2015 / Klimova Dina Nikolaevna, Kondrashova Inna SergeevnaNational Security Strategy of the Russian Federation in the System of Economic Security
2017 / Krokhicheva Galina Egorovna, Arkhipov Eduard Leonidovich, Voskanova Asya SurenovnaOn April 29, 2016 marks the 20th anniversary of the adoption of the State Strategy of Economic Security of the Russian Federation . It began to work in a difficult period of formation in Russia of new socio-economic relations. A number of industrialized countries and major international corporations tried to use the difficulties of development of the Russian Federation and, the weakening of its position in the world economic space in their economic and political interests, which conflict with the interests of Russia and its economic entities . The aim of the Strategy was to protect the development of the Russian economy and welfare of the citizens from internal and external threats . It was assumed that the Strategy will work during the period of economic transformation, which will last from three to five years. It "s time to elaborate and adopt a new State strategy of economic security of the Russian Federation. The article contains results of the author"s analysis of the National Security Strategy, the State Strategy of Economic Security of the Russian Federation and of the Russian Federation law "On security". Rely on these documents and based on the study of contemporary threats to security of Russia, the author offers to include in the text of the State Strategy of Economic Security of the RF the following sections: 1) general statements, 2) securable objects, 3 ) threats to economic security of the Russian Federation and, 4) the sources of threats and threatening actors, 5) responsible for the protection (guardians) and their responsibility, 6) means, tools and methods of protection , 7) conditions and time of their application, 8) indicators of threats and of a level of security, 9) monitoring threats and security.
ECONOMIC POLICY
UDC 332.14 JEL F52
About strategy
economic security
KAZANTSEV SERGEY VLADIMIROVICH,
Dr. Econ. Sci., Professor, Chief Researcher, Institute of Economics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia E-mail: [email protected]
Annotation. April 29, 2016 marked the 20th anniversary of the adoption of the State Strategy for Economic Security of the Russian Federation. It began to operate in a difficult period of the formation of new socio-economic relations in Russia. A number of industrialized countries and major international corporations tried to use the difficulties of the development of the Russian Federation and the weakening of its position in the world economic space in their economic and political interests, which diverged from the interests of Russia and its economic entities. The goal of the Strategy was to protect the development of the Russian economy and the well-being of citizens from internal and external threats. It was assumed that the Strategy would operate during a period of economic transformation, which would last from three to five years.
The time has come to develop and adopt a new State strategy for the economic security of the Russian Federation. The article presents the results of the analysis of the National Security Strategy, the State Economic Security Strategy of the Russian Federation and the Law of the Russian Federation "On Security". Based on these documents and based on the study of modern threats to Russia's security, the author proposes to include the following subsections in the text of the State Strategy for the Economic Security of Russia: 1) general provisions; 2) protected objects; 3) threats to the economic security of the Russian Federation; 4) sources of threats and threatening subjects; 5) protecting subjects and their responsibility; 6) forces, means, techniques, methods of protection; 7) conditions and time of their application; 8) indicators of threats and the level of security; 9) threat monitoring and security.
Key words: economic security, threats, security, strategy, Russian Federation.
On a strategy of economic security
Doctor of Economics, Professor, chief research fellow of the Institute of Economics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, academician of the Russian Academy of Natural Sciences, Moscow, Russia E-mail: [email protected]
abstract. On April 29, 2016 marks the 20th anniversary of the adoption of the State Strategy of Economic Security of the Russian Federation. It began to work in a difficult period of formation in Russia of new socio-economic relations. A number of industrialized countries and major international corporations tried to use the difficulties of development of the Russian Federation and, the weakening of its position in the world economic space in their economic and political interests, which conflict with the interests of Russia and its economic entities . The aim of the Strategy was to protect the development of the Russian economy and welfare of the citizens from internal and external threats. It was assumed that the Strategy will work during the period of economic transformation, which will last from three to five years. It "s time to elaborate and adopt a new State strategy of economic security of the Russian Federation. The article contains results of the author"s analysis of the National Security Strategy, the State Strategy of Economic
Security of the Russian Federation and of the Russian Federation law "On security". Rely on these documents and based on the study of contemporary threats to security of Russia, the author offers to include in the text of the State Strategy of Economic Security of the RF the following sections: 1) general statements, 2) securable objects, 3 ) threats to economic security of the Russian Federation and, 4) the sources of threats and threatening actors, 5) responsible for the protection (guardians) and their responsibility, 6) means, tools and methods of protection, 7) conditions and time of their application, 8) indicators of threats and of a level of security, 9) monitoring threats and security.
Keywords: economic security, threats, protection, strategy, The Russian Federation.
economic security Russian Federation is integral part national security of Russia (National Security Strategy of the Russian Federation, p. 6). The State Strategy for the Economic Security of the Russian Federation (Basic Provisions) was approved by Decree of the President of the Russian Federation in 1996. It was focused on the implementation of the economic transformations being carried out in the Russian Federation over the course of three to five years. Significant changes have taken place and continue to take place in Russia and the world over the past years, significantly affecting the international position of the Russian Federation, its economy, affecting national interests and presenting new requirements for ensuring the economic security of the country. The number and speed of ongoing processes have increased, the diversity of the socio-economic and cultural-political world has increased. Some of the spheres of the world community and its activities live, figuratively speaking, in the future (ultra-modern technologies, so far unattainable level of well-being, cyber-troops, etc.), some live in a world where they use the achievements of the present, and some live in the conditions of the Middle Ages ( religious wars, piracy, kidnappings, slavery, etc.). And Russia in its appearance economic activity in one way or another interacts with different parts of the world community.
All this has led to the need to adopt a new State strategy for the economic security of the Russian Federation. Some of the elements that could be included in this strategy are discussed below.
1. The concept of economic security
Currently, there is no single interpretation of the concept of "security" and, as a result, the types and
types of security: national, state, economic, demographic, environmental, etc. The term "security" is assigned different meanings: state, phenomenon, ability, measure (system of measures), conditions (set of conditions). And these are mismatched subjects of both study and management. In addition, the concept of "security" is usually used in conjunction with other concepts or defined through them. This is security, danger, threat, situation. All of them form a single system of concepts, and one should work with them as with elements of one system.
A vague definition of terms indicates an incomplete understanding of the essence of the phenomena and processes being studied, does not allow to strictly define the boundaries of the object being studied, controlled or protected.
To ensure the consistency and interrelation of the concepts of "security", "protection" and "threat", it may be worth introducing the following group of definitions into the text of the new version of the State Strategy for Economic Security of the Russian Federation.
The economic security of the Russian Federation is the protection of the economy of the country and its regions, economic entities from internal and external threats, which makes it possible to ensure the sustainable socio-economic development of the Russian Federation, a decent quality and standard of living, sovereignty, independence, territorial integrity and reliable defense capability of the country.
The security of the economy of the Russian Federation is a state that excludes (in whole or in part) the possibility of causing damage to the Russian economy, its financial and economic system, the quality and standard of living of citizens, sovereignty, territorial integrity and sustainable development of the Russian Federation, its defense capability.
ECONOMIC POLICY
Threat to the economic security of the Russian Federation - the state and change in the international situation and the situation within the country, interstate and intrastate relations that can damage the Russian economy, its financial and economic system, the quality and standard of living of citizens, sovereignty, territorial integrity and sustainable development of the Russian Federation, its defense capability.
2. Clear and timely setting of safety goals
It is known that goals are historical in nature, i.e. change over time depending on the nature and level of development of society, priorities and opportunities, internal and external conditions. These and other factors, processes and phenomena should be constantly monitored and the strategic, medium-term and current goals of ensuring economic and other types of security should be adjusted in time.
Goals should be divided into:
a) levels (their subordination and relationships among themselves), i.e. build a so-called goal tree;
b) nature (strategic, tactical; long-term, medium-term, short-term);
c) subjects and areas of activity for which they are formed;
d) sequence of execution in time.
In the documents analyzed in this article, the goals are usually divided into two levels. The upper one is formulated as the ultimate goal, the lower one is formulated as the tasks that must be completed to achieve the goal. Goals are also set for specific types and areas of activity. Thus, in the new National Security Strategy they are set in the sphere of improving the quality of life of Russian citizens to ensure national security in the field of science, technology and education, in culture, the ecology of living systems and rational environmental management.
Unfortunately, in the documents under discussion, the goals are not divided by nature, they are not tied to their executors. The deadlines for the implementation of the goals and the sequence of implementation are not defined. It seems that this should be worked on when preparing a new version of the State
tags of economic security of the Russian Federation.
In the very general view the goal of the state strategy for the economic security of the Russian Federation can be formulated as briefly as possible: the preparation and implementation of a system of measures that ensure the economic security of the Russian Federation.
Building a reliable system of national security should be accompanied by an increase in the level of well-being of citizens. The absence of growth, and even more so the fall of the latter, is permissible only as a last resort and for the shortest possible time. This goal should be included in the text of the Strategy.
With regard to the subjects of the Russian Federation, the strategic goals in this area can be: strengthening their economic potential, achieving sustainable growth and, on this basis, improving the level and quality of life of the population.
3. Objects of economic security
Safety is not discussed in the abstract, but in relation to a specific object. Under the object here we mean that (or that), the safety of what (or whom) is being discussed. Thus, the understood object embraces both subjects and processes. The text of the State Strategy for the Economic Security of the Russian Federation names a number of protected objects: "the individual, society, the state and the main elements of the economic system, including the system of institutional relations in the state regulation of economic activity." The National Security Strategy of the Russian Federation, approved on December 31, 2015 by Decree of the President of the Russian Federation, defines the following objects, the economic security of which should be ensured: population, territories, infrastructure (transport, housing and communal and information, internal market infrastructure, etc.), food, technological, financial and economic independence of the country, constituent entities of the Russian Federation, sectors of the economy and spheres of economic activity (agribusiness, defense industry, mechanical engineering, aircraft, machine tool and instrumentation, new high-tech industries, financial and banking, etc.).
It seems that some of the listed objects should be specified and their list,
possibly expand. For example, to consider protected objects not just a person and society, but economic situation, economic rights and property of households and business entities. It seems appropriate to include the national economy, the financial and banking systems of the country, management systems at all levels, the economy of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation and municipalities, and the property of the state, domestic enterprises and citizens of the Russian Federation located in other countries.
4. Internal threats to protected objects
After the object is installed, the security of which must be ensured, it is necessary to determine the threats from which it is protected, and their sources. Internal, i.e. threats to the economic security of the Russian Federation arising within the country are detailed in official documents federal bodies authorities and in published research results. Thus, the State Strategy for the Economic Security of the Russian Federation names four groups of threats to the economic security of the Russian Federation:
1. Increasing property differentiation of the population and increasing the level of poverty:
The stratification of society into a narrow circle of the rich and the predominant mass of poor people who are uncertain about their future;
An increase in the share of the poor in the city compared to the countryside;
Rising unemployment;
Payment delay wages, stop businesses.
2. Deformed structure of the Russian economy:
Strengthening the fuel and raw material orientation of the economy;
The backlog of exploration of mineral reserves from their extraction;
Low competitiveness of the products of most domestic enterprises;
Curtailment of production in the vital branches of the manufacturing industry, primarily in mechanical engineering;
Decrease in efficiency, destruction of the technological unity of scientific research and development, disintegration of established scientific
collectives and, on this basis, undermine the scientific and technical potential of Russia;
The conquest by foreign firms of the domestic market of Russia for many types of consumer goods;
Acquisition by foreign firms Russian enterprises in order to oust domestic products from both the external and internal markets;
Growth external debt Russia and the associated increase in budget expenditures for its repayment.
3. Increasing uneven socio-economic development of regions:
The presence of depressed, crisis and economically backward regions against the background of structural shifts in industrial production, accompanied by a sharp decrease in the share of manufacturing industries;
Violation of production and technological ties between enterprises of certain regions of Russia;
An increase in the gap in the level of production of national income per capita between individual subjects of the Russian Federation.
4. Criminalization of society and economic activity:
Rising unemployment, since a significant part of the crimes are committed by persons who do not have a permanent source of income;
Merging part of the officials government agencies with organized crime, the possibility of access by criminal structures to the management of a certain part of production and their penetration into various power structures;
Weakening the system state control, which led to the expansion of the activities of criminal structures in the domestic financial market, in the field of privatization, export-import operations and trade.
Not all of these threats have been weakened and suppressed, the elimination of the causes of many of them requires a long time. Therefore, it is no coincidence that some of the threats are again spelled out in the new National Security Strategy of the Russian Federation:
“The main strategic threats to national security in the field of the economy are its low competitiveness, the preservation of the export-raw material development model
and high dependence on foreign economic conditions, lagging behind in the development and implementation of promising technologies, insecurity of the national financial system from the actions of non-residents and speculative foreign capital, the vulnerability of its information infrastructure, the imbalance of the national budget system, registration of property rights in relation to a significant part of organizations in foreign jurisdictions, deterioration and depletion of the raw material base, reduction in production and reserves of strategically important minerals, progressive labor insufficiency, preservation of a significant share of the shadow economy, conditions for corruption and criminalization of economic and financial relations, illegal migration, uneven development of regions, reduced sustainability national system resettlement".
In addition to these threats, the Strategy also names an outdated technology system, deterioration technical condition economic objects and infrastructure, natural disasters, accidents and catastrophes.
5. External threats to protected objects
The fact that the sources of all these threats are located in Russia does not mean that external threats have become less significant in general. Thus, unreasonably high dependence on foreign markets remains, excessive financial dependence on foreign legal and individuals, the outflow of capital from the country is not reduced, etc. Anti-Russian sanctions imposed by a group of states in March 2014 exposed a number of threats financial sector, investment activity and the progressive development of the economy, weakened the position of the Russian Federation in the world economic and political system.
The activity and danger of terrorist organizations has increased. "The threat of terrorist activity," reads a report prepared by the Institute economic research and Peace University of Sydney (Australia) report “Global Terrorism Index. 2014" - is the main, if not the main danger for many countries" . The authors of the report included Russia among
countries where an increase in terrorism could occur. Terrorist acts not only take human lives and cause material damage (see table), but also disrupt economic life, injure society, and reduce the country's overall and tourist attractiveness.
Dangerous and happening in last years substitution international law the law of one country. At a meeting with representatives of the BRICS states, V.V. Putin said that "our countries are largely facing great threats due to violations of international law, in connection with violations of the sovereignty of states in various fields of activity."
Non-state and international institutions are becoming more active (for example, the Bilderber Club, the Global Identification System legal entity- Global Legal Entity Identification System), capable of regulating legislative, financial, economic and some other changes taking place in the world in their own interests and in favor of their members and sponsors.
External threats to the Russian economy are practically not reflected in the State Strategy for the Economic Security of the Russian Federation. The past years have shown that many causes that give rise to external threats to national, including economic, security are integral elements of the external conditions of the country's existence and arise objectively. They acted and will continue to act for a long time. Some external threats to the socio-economic development of Russia are named in the new National Security Strategy of the Russian Federation. It:
The growth of economic, financial, political and military instability in the world, the intensification of the struggle for resources, markets for products, for control over transport arteries;
Expansion of the scope of activities of transnational organized crime;
Deterioration of the state of the environment, aggravation of problems of food supply and lack of fresh water;
The growing influence of political factors on economic processes, as well as
Loss of insured property as a result of major terrorist attacks
in 1970-2014, billion dollars
Indicator 1970-1980 1981-1990 1991-2000 2001-2014
Number of major terrorist attacks 2 3 9 5
Losses, total 312,348 4,609 25,497
Average casualties per terrorist attack 156,116,512 5,099 (194)
per year 28 35 461 1 821 (60)
Note: in parentheses are losses without taking into account the consequences of the September 11, 2011 terrorist attack in the United States.
J. A. Perevalova
STRATEGY FOR ENSURING THE ECONOMIC SECURITY OF THE STATE (THEORETICAL AND METHODOLOGICAL ASPECT)
The work is presented by the Department of Civil Law.
Scientific adviser - Doctor of Law, Professor Yu. B. Shubnikov
The article provides a brief analysis of the economic content of currently available ideas about the problems of theoretical substantiation of the strategy for ensuring the economic security of Russia. The essence of the concept of “economic strategy of the state
properties” and determines its place in the system of categories. The basic principles of development are substantiated economic strategy countries and elements of the strategic management algorithm are proposed. Various types of strategies for institutional transformations in the Russian economy over the past fifteen-year transition period are analyzed. The main stages of the implementation of the concept of development of the Russian economy and their tasks in the long term are considered.
The article represents a brief situation analysis of the main problems of development and prospects for providing economic safety in Russia and their directions. The term “economy strategy” is suggested in different aspects and its place in the system of economic definitions is settled. The main principles of the economy strategy are worked out there and some elements of the strategy management are offered. Some different types of institutional economic changes in the Russian economy for the last fifteen years of reconstruction are suggested in the article. The main stages of realization of the economic development conception in Russia are researched here, as well as the solution of the main problems in a long-term outlook.
The problem of ensuring the economic security of Russia has recently attracted the attention of not only politicians, but also economists more than ever. Today it is important not only to identify and characterize security threats, but also to propose an appropriate and effective strategy for their neutralization as a condition for ensuring the economic security of the state.
In developing a strategy for ensuring the economic security of the state, the identification and study of factors that can effectively neutralize and prevent the occurrence of economic instability, unfavorable external and internal development trends. Not only versatility and complexity economic processes require close attention of politicians and scientists to this particular area of public relations, but also the fact that economic security underlies national security.
In this regard, it is necessary to give a deeper economic analysis currently available ideas about the problems of the formation of a strategy for ensuring the economic security of Russia, consider its components and some key concepts that require clarification.
In the domestic approach to economic security, the focus is on how economic processes
affect state sovereignty, the stability of the domestic political situation, and the growth of the welfare of the population. The main threats to economic security are: the structural distortion of the economy, the transfer of strategic enterprises or industries into the hands of foreign capital, direct dependence on the situation on the world market, the criminalization of the economy, the social disproportion of society, the reduction of the stratum of the scientific and technical elite, the departure of the population abroad and exhaustion natural resources.
In the Western approach to economic security, unlike the Russian one, there is no single complex concept economic security, which is explained by the world order that has developed over the past decade and the absence of potential threats comparable to those of Russia, which are inherent in developing countries. In general, the term "economic security" is used simply to express the idea of the relationship of sustainable economic growth, a strong position in the international trading market in relation to military security.
AT economics the concept of "strategy" is taken from the military lexicon and has become firmly established in the turnover of business management, where the terms appeared: "strategic planning", "strategic management", "strategic management", "strategic
tegical thinking. In strategic management, strategy is seen as a plan, a maneuver, a position, a look into the future. In the relevant literature, for example, the following wording is given: “The company's strategy is a generalized model of the actions necessary to achieve the goals set by coordinating and allocating the company's resources. Its goal is to achieve long-term competitive advantage which will provide the company with high profitability”2. According to other definitions, the strategy is a detailed comprehensive comprehensive plan designed to ensure the implementation of the mission of the organization and the achievement of its goals3.
AT theoretical economics strategic behavior is called behavior in a situation where the decision to next steps involves an analysis of possible response actions of other market entities. An important place is given to the role of the state as an anti-crisis manager, whose task is to ensure macroeconomic equilibrium through mainly fiscal and monetary policy. However, on present stage there is a transition from anti-crisis regulation, when the goal was to preserve the country's economy, to strategic management. The prerequisites for this transition are a number of factors that change the external and internal environment, which have a contradictory effect on the system of managing the national economy, at the same time having a common dominant, consisting in the fact that a way out of systemic impasses is possible only through the definition of promising guidelines and goals4.
Determining the place of the economic strategy of the state in the system of concepts, it is necessary to single out the following main features:
Firstly, it is the belonging of the strategic management process to the state, which is the main subject of the management of social processes.
Secondly, for adequate strategic behavior, it is important to identify the actions of other economic entities operating in the area under study and posing a certain threat to the subject of state strategy.
Thirdly, the object of such a strategy is the national economy.
The first two features determine the place in the system of concepts of the strategy of the state in general. The latter gives this concept economic certainty, limiting it to the sphere of the national economy.
Thus, the country's economic strategy can be defined as the process of matching the goals and means of ensuring long-term economic development in time and in a specific territorial space. It is the choice of goals related to the satisfaction of the socio-economic needs of society, and their ranking according to priorities, that constitute the main content of the economic strategy.
Strategic management of the economy should be built in accordance with a certain algorithm, or a system of strict rules, the consistent implementation of which pursues the solution of a number of tasks, which ultimately ensures the achievement of a strategic goal. Can be distinguished the following items strategic management algorithm:
1. Conceptual stage, in which, mainly:
a) analyzed and evaluated economic situation in the country and abroad;
b) a system of proposals on options for an economic strategy, fundamental approaches to decision-making and the implementation of follow-up measures based on them are developed;
c) the main priority areas of economic development, strategic and tactical tasks are determined;
d) a program (complex, targeted) for socio-economic development is being formed.
2. Technological element, which includes the formation of a set of legislative acts, instructive and methodological documents, which are aimed at ensuring management activities for the implementation of the chosen strategy.
3. resource element, which determines the types, volumes, purpose of the funds used.
It seems axiomatic that the achievement of strategic goals and the provision of strategic management are impossible with limited human, financial, technical and other resources. The resource element involves the optimization of the implementation of strategic management in the economy. This means, mainly, ensuring the effectiveness of management activities, saving resources in the process of economic activity.
4. The time element is associated with the definition of real terms and sequence of actions (measures), excluding the so-called "running ahead or lagging behind" in favor of political slogans, the desires of higher leaders.
5. The personnel element involves the development and effective use personnel potential of organizations - participants in socio-economic development and is focused on manipulating human resources employed in the implementation of strategic programs.
6. The organizational stage at which the organizational and managerial mechanism for the implementation of the program and plan for the socio-economic development of the country, the assessment of its effectiveness is formed.
Strategic management in the economic sphere is based on the following general principles: legality, morality, purposefulness, economic feasibility and efficiency. At the same time, the problem of choosing a strategy lies in the fact that it has personal characteristics.
ristics and internal targets of both developers and managers. Very often, with the replacement of one person in a strategic post with another, the strategic course of the state changes seriously, and the socio-economic system itself can even change.
The socio-economic changes that have taken place over the past 15 years, although they have been of different directions, have not solved the cardinal problem of reducing the alienation of economic entities from the results of their activities, enhancing their creative forces and forming an innovative model of economic growth. That is why at the beginning of the XXI century. the country again faced the choice of a strategy of institutional reforms. In a wide range of conceptual possibilities, the choice of one of three strategies inevitably arises.
Strategy of market-bureaucratic modernization. To a large extent, the country has been moving along this path for the past 15 years, continuing the centuries-old tradition of implementing reforms “from above”. This model contributes to an excessive concentration of power among the ruling elite, it minimizes labor motivation, puts barriers in the way of the formation of the middle class and the stability of society, extremely limits the possibilities for the development of science, education, technological progress and structural restructuring of the economy; leads to the spread of destructive processes, the criminalization of economic life and contributes to the country's strong consolidation on the periphery of the world economy.
The strategy of liberal fundamentalism proceeds from the need to minimize the role of the state in the Russian economy. Many of the fundamental provisions of this strategy were widely used by the supporters of the current model. This strategy hinders the development of educational and scientific and technical potential, ignores the importance of a broad
the use of intermediate forms and networks of economic relations based on a flexible combination of market and non-market regulators, the active role of the state in regulating institutional and technological transformations in all countries that succeed in increasing the competitiveness of their economy. The implementation of this strategy, like the previous one, does not allow satisfactorily solving the problems of transition to an innovative model and a significant reduction in the backlog in the modernization of the economy.
The strategy of institutional and market transformation, focused on the formation of an innovative model of economic development, involves the pea-lization of fundamental principles in constructing a model of economic development, which must be observed in the context of national characteristics of socio-economic relations. In this model, traditional general principles are supplemented with new ones. Firstly, it is the principle of a rational combination of economic freedom and economic regulation of relations, on the basis of which a mixed economy is formed that ensures effective employment of the population. Secondly, the principle of social partnership of employees, employers and the state and social justice in the distribution of income, contributing to the formation of effective labor and entrepreneurial motives. Thirdly, the principle of orientation of cooperation and competition to the search for effective ways to solve economic problems. Fourth, the principle of diversity of forms of management, taking into account the diversity of its conditions. Fifthly, the principle of social support for the disabled and the needy. Sixth, the principle of systemic transformation based on the democratic construction of economic management at all its levels. Seventh, the principle of rational distribution of economic resources across industries and sectors of the economy with the help of market
nyh and non-market mechanisms for the timely solution of current and future tasks, obtaining the greatest synergistic effect and minimizing the cost of total time.
Compliance with these principles will help reduce alienation between society and the state, harmonize economic relations and generate economic energy5.
In connection with the achievement of the goals set within the framework of the concept of the development of the Russian economy, scientists and specialists distinguish three stages in the implementation of the economic strategy.
At the first stage (2007-2010) it is planned to focus efforts on overcoming the emerging trend of degradation of human potential and form the most favorable regime for the development of the Russian high-tech complex. The authors believe that the key tasks of the first stage are: 1) achieving 4-6% of the average annual GDP growth; 2) prevention of a crisis in the reproduction of fixed and human capital based on an increase in investment in the amount of 12-15% per year; 3) maintaining at the level of 4-6% the average annual growth rate of real disposable incomes of the population; 4) partial modernization of mechanical engineering and increasing its competitiveness.
The second stage (2011-2015) provides for the completion of the process of modernization of mechanical engineering, designed to effectively serve the investment demand of the real sector on a high- and medium-tech basis. At this stage, the following are expected: 1) the average annual GDP growth rate at the level of 5-8%; 2) slowdown in investment growth rates to 10-12% per year and gradual reduction of state participation in investment policy; 3) an increase in the growth rate of real disposable income up to 10% per year due to the growth in GDP consumption.
The third stage (2016-2025) is associated with the completion of the formation of competitive
capable Russian economy of a new type and its deregulation on generally accepted terms of the global market.
Within the framework of these socio-economic development strategies, three scenarios for the development of the situation in Russia are possible: a pessimistic scenario - focused on the development of resource-extracting industries; optimistic scenario - involves the development of scientific, technical and innovative potential; the third option involves a combination of optimistic and pessimistic scenarios for the socio-economic development of the country. It is still difficult to say how events will actually proceed and what scenario will be chosen.
Thus, the economic development strategy of the country plays a key role in determining and achieving national priorities for socio-economic development in all spheres of public life. Even in the message of the President of the country dated April 25, 2005, V.V. Putin expressed the opinion that for almost all strategic problems of Russia, the directions of state building, the development of health care, education, the fight against crime, and the creation of conditions for the development of entrepreneurship should be clearly defined. , raising salaries for state employees, maintaining freedom of speech, etc.
NOTES
1 Thompson A. A., Strickland A. J. Strategic management. Art of development and implementation of strategy / Per. from English. M.: UNITI, 1998. S. 14.
2 Vesnin V. R. Strategic management: Textbook. M .: TK Velby, publishing house Prospekt, 2004. S. 7.
3 Vikhansky O. S. Strategic management. M.: Economist, 2004. S. 31.
4 Kuznetsova E. I. Strategic analysis in the system government controlled national economy: Monograph. M.: UNITY-DANA; Law and Law, 2006, pp. 13-14.
5 Metelev S. E. National security and development priorities of Russia: socio-economic and legal aspects: Monograph. M.: UNITY-DANA; Law and Law, 2006, pp. 44-46.
The concept of economic security. Strategy for ensuring economic security. The specifics of ensuring economic security in the region. Threats to the economic security of Russia at the beginning of the 21st century
Economic security is such a state of the economy and government institutions, which ensures the guaranteed protection of the economic interests of the state, society and the individual in relation to possible external and internal threats. It is formed by a combination of factors that ensure the sovereignty of the national economy, its internal stability, the ability to constantly develop and update, and increase competitiveness.
The objects of economic security in the Russian Federation, according to the current legislation, are: personality; society; state; basic elements of the economic system.
The subjects of economic security include the state, which performs functions in this area through legislative, executive and judicial authorities, citizens, public and other organizations and associations.
Economic security involves:
In recent decades, the concept of economic security has been supplemented by such an important element as the competitiveness of the national economy as a whole and its leading industries in the world market.
Economic security is part of national security, its leading link. In addition, in each of the existing structural elements of national security, an economic aspect can be distinguished.
Today, national economic security can be viewed in relation to the processes of globalization, international competition; global and domestic crises; to political and military confrontation with other states and blocs, including armed.
Ensuring Russia's economic security is the cornerstone of the country's integration into world economy. Only with a clear appropriate strategy can it take its rightful place in the world.
Currently, it is customary to talk about the three most important elements of economic security.
To build an effective system of economic security, it is necessary to identify the most dangerous threats, their ranking, identify problems that need prompt elimination or consistent strategic neutralization.
Under threat refers to the totality of factors and conditions that give rise to dangers for the sustainable functioning of the national economy or the international economic system. Moreover, it is necessary to distinguish between threats to economic security and the weakness of the system. For example, the weakness of the national economic system is the weakness of the development of high technologies in the country, and the threat is the factors that can hinder their development.
The system of ensuring the economic security of the state must be considered in two directions: to suppress threats and eliminate weaknesses that make the economy open to threats.
At the same time, it is important to distinguish between threats to the stability of the economic system and threats to national security in general, which are of an economic nature. It's far from the same.
On the one hand, a number of threats to the economic system are not threats to national security. For example, an unbalanced and unjustifiably high increase in environmental spending would pose a threat to economic stability, but would not be a threat to national security. On the other hand, some threats that are critical to national security are not direct threats to the economic system. Thus, reducing the cost of maintaining the army in order to reduce the budget deficit would be a reasonable measure from an economic point of view, but at the same time disastrous for the national security of the state.
Threats to national economic security can be divided into internal and external. Internals include:
External threats include:
threats to national security may not manifest themselves in an open and acute form for a long time.
Ensuring the security of Russia's national interests in the economic sphere involves:
Summarizing the above, we can single out three most important areas for guaranteeing the country's economic security: long-term sustainable GDP growth, outstripping the global average,
European and Asian indicators, increasing the competitiveness of the economy, conquering new niches in the commodity and financial markets; growth of well-being, quality of life of Russians.
I . Purpose and objects of the State strategy of economic security of the Russian Federation
The Russian Federation is going through a difficult historical period in the formation of new socio-economic relations. The transition to new forms of public administration takes place in the conditions of a constant deficit and inconsistency of the legal framework governing economic relations, and the backlog of legislation from the processes actually taking place in society.
In international relations, Russia is faced with the desire of industrialized countries, large foreign corporations to use the situation in Russia and the member states of the Commonwealth of Independent States in their economic and political interests.
All this makes it especially relevant to purposeful activities to ensure the economic security of the country and its citizens on the basis of a unified state strategy.
I. Purpose and objects of the State Strategy for Economic Security of the Russian Federation
The State Strategy for the Economic Security of the Russian Federation (hereinafter referred to as the State Strategy) is an integral part of the national security of the Russian Federation as a whole and is focused on the implementation of the economic transformations being carried out in the Russian Federation in the next three to five years.
The state strategy develops and specifies the relevant provisions of the developed concept of national security of the Russian Federation, taking into account national interests in the field of economy.
The purpose of the State Strategy is to ensure such development of the economy, which would create acceptable conditions for the life and development of the individual, the socio-economic and military-political stability of society and the preservation of the integrity of the state, successfully countering the influence of internal and external threats.
Without ensuring economic security, it is practically impossible to solve any of the tasks facing the country, both domestically and internationally.
The implementation of the State Strategy should create the necessary conditions for achieving the overall goals of national security. In particular, ensure:
protection civil rights the population, raising the level and quality of its life, guaranteeing social peace in the country and tranquility in society;
effective solution of internal political, economic and social tasks based on national interests;
active influence on the processes in the world affecting the national interests of Russia.
The foreign economic orientation of the State Strategy lies in the effective implementation of the advantages of the international division of labor, the sustainability of the country's development in the context of its equal integration into world economic relations, and the prevention of Russia's critical dependence on foreign countries or their communities on vital issues of economic cooperation.
Despite the complexity of the ongoing transition period, Russia has ample opportunities to ensure its economic security and maintain the political and military status of a great power. The country has a qualified staff of scientists, engineers, workers, the vast majority of types of mineral resources, the created production potential is able to meet the needs of its further development.
The objects of economic security of the Russian Federation are the individual, society, the state and the main elements of the economic system, including the system of institutional relations in the state regulation of economic activity.
The state strategy includes:
1. Characteristics of external and internal threats to the economic security of the Russian Federation as a set of conditions and factors that create a danger to the vital economic interests of the individual, society and the state;
identification and monitoring of factors that undermine the stability of the socio-economic system of the state, for the short and medium term (three to five years) perspective.
2. Determination of criteria and parameters that characterize national interests in the field of economy and meet the requirements of the economic security of the Russian Federation.
3. Formation of economic policy, institutional reforms and the necessary mechanisms to eliminate or mitigate the impact of factors that undermine the stability of the national economy.
The implementation of the State Strategy should be carried out through a system of specific measures implemented on the basis of qualitative indicators and quantitative indicators - macroeconomic, demographic, foreign economic, environmental, technological and others.
II. Threats to the economic security of the Russian Federation
The identification of possible threats to economic security and the development of measures to prevent them are of paramount importance in the system of ensuring the economic security of the Russian Federation.
The most likely threats to the economic security of the Russian Federation, the localization of which should be directed by the activities of federal government bodies, are:
1. An increase in property differentiation of the population and an increase in the level of poverty, which leads to a violation social peace and public consent. The achieved relative balance of social interests may be disturbed as a result of the following factors:
the stratification of society into a narrow circle of the rich and the predominant mass of poor people who are uncertain about their future;
an increase in the proportion of the poor in the city compared to the countryside, which creates social and criminal tension and the ground for widespread negative phenomena that are relatively new to Russia - drug addiction, organized crime, prostitution, and the like;
rising unemployment, which can lead to social conflicts;
delay in payment of wages, shutdown of enterprises and so on.
2. The deformity of the structure of the Russian economy, due to factors such as:
strengthening the fuel and raw material orientation of the economy;
backlog of exploration of mineral reserves from their extraction;
low competitiveness of the products of most domestic enterprises;
curtailment of production in the vital branches of the manufacturing industry, primarily in mechanical engineering;
decrease in efficiency, destruction of the technological unity of scientific research and development, disintegration of established scientific teams and, on this basis, undermining the scientific and technical potential of Russia;
the conquest by foreign firms of the domestic market of Russia for many types of consumer goods;
the acquisition by foreign firms of Russian enterprises in order to oust domestic products both from the external and from the domestic market;
the growth of Russia's external debt and the associated increase in budget expenditures for its repayment.
3. Increasing uneven socio-economic development of the regions.
The most important factors of this threat are:
objectively existing differences in the level of socio-economic development of regions, the presence of depressive, crisis and economically backward regions against the background of structural shifts in industrial production, accompanied by a sharp decrease in the share of manufacturing industries;
violation of production and technological ties between enterprises of certain regions of Russia;
an increase in the gap in the level of production of national income per capita between individual subjects of the Russian Federation.
4. Criminalization of society and economic activity, caused mainly by such factors as:
an increase in unemployment, since a significant part of crimes is committed by persons who do not have a permanent source of income;
the merging of a part of government officials with organized crime, the possibility of access by criminal structures to the management of a certain part of production and their penetration into various power structures;
the weakening of the state control system, which led to the expansion of the activities of criminal structures in the domestic financial market, in the field of privatization, export-import operations and trade.
The main reasons for the emergence of these threats are the instability of the financial situation of enterprises, the unfavorable investment climate, the persistence of inflationary processes and other problems associated with financial destabilization in the economy.
Prevention or mitigation of the consequences of threats to the economic security of the Russian Federation requires the identification and monitoring of factors that undermine the stability of the socio-economic system of the state.
See the List of measures to prevent threats to the economic security of the Russian Federation and the federal executive bodies responsible for their development, approved by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of December 27, 1996 N 1569
III. Criteria and parameters of the state of the economy that meet the requirements of the economic security of the Russian Federation
The list of criteria for the economic security of the Russian Federation and federal executive bodies responsible for the development of their quantitative (threshold) and qualitative parameters was approved by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of December 27, 1996 N 1569
The state of the economy that meets the requirements of the economic security of the Russian Federation should be characterized by certain qualitative criteria and parameters (threshold values) that provide acceptable living conditions and personal development for the majority of the population, the stability of the socio-economic situation, the military-political stability of society, the integrity of the state, the ability to resist influence of internal and external threats. To determine the criteria and parameters that meet the requirements of the economic security of the Russian Federation, it is necessary to take into account:
1. The ability of the economy to function in the mode of expanded reproduction. This means that the country must have sufficiently developed industries and industries that are vital for the functioning of the state both in normal and extreme conditions, capable of ensuring the reproduction process regardless of external influences.
Russia should not allow the critical dependence of the economy on imports of the most important types of products, the production of which at the required level can be organized in the country. At the same time, it is necessary to develop our economy, taking into account foreign economic cooperation, international production cooperation.
The most important requirement for the economic security of the Russian Federation is the preservation of state control over strategic resources, the prevention of their export in amounts that could harm Russia's national interests.
2. An acceptable standard of living for the population and the possibility of maintaining it. It is impossible to allow the indicators of the level of poverty, property differentiation of the population and unemployment to go beyond the maximum allowable from the standpoint of the socio-political stability of society.
Qualified, conscientious work should ensure a decent standard of living.
Accessibility for the population of education, culture, medical care, heat, electricity and water supply, transport, communications, utilities is one of the necessary conditions for Russia's economic security.
3. The stability of the financial system, determined by the level of budget deficit, price stability, normalization financial flows and settlement relations, stability banking system and national currency, the degree of protection of the interests of depositors, the gold and foreign exchange reserves, the development of the Russian financial market and the securities market, as well as reducing external and domestic debt and the balance of payments deficit, ensuring financial terms to boost investment activity.
4. A rational structure of foreign trade, providing access for domestic goods of the processing industry to the foreign market, the maximum allowable level of satisfaction of domestic needs through imports (taking into account regional characteristics), ensuring the priority of economic relations with neighboring countries. A balanced foreign economic policy that involves both meeting the needs of the domestic market and protecting domestic producers using protective measures adopted in international practice.
About the basics state regulation foreign trade activities, see the federal law dated December 8, 2003 N 164-FZ
5. Maintaining the scientific potential of the country and preserving the leading domestic scientific schools capable of ensuring Russia's independence in the strategically important areas of scientific and technological progress.
6. Preservation of a single economic space and broad interregional economic relations that ensure the observance of national interests, excluding the development of separatist tendencies, and the functioning of a single all-Russian market or an integrated system of regional markets, taking into account their production specialization.
7. Creation of economic and legal conditions that exclude the criminalization of society and all spheres of economic and financial activities, the capture of industrial and financial institutions by criminal structures, their penetration into various structures authorities.
8. Determining and ensuring the necessary state regulation of economic processes, capable of guaranteeing the normal functioning of a market economy, both in normal and extreme conditions.
IV. Measures and mechanisms of economic policy aimed at ensuring economic security
Economic policy measures and mechanisms developed and implemented at the federal and regional levels should be aimed at preventing internal and external threats to the economic security of the Russian Federation.
1. Monitoring of factors that determine threats to the economic security of the Russian Federation
The most important elements of the mechanism for ensuring the economic security of the Russian Federation are monitoring and forecasting the factors that determine threats to economic security.
Monitoring as an operational information and analytical system for observing the dynamics of economic security indicators is of great importance for the transitional state of the economy in the presence of serious intersectoral imbalances and acute insufficiency of resources (primarily financial), strong mobility and instability of socio-economic indicators.
This determines the increasing requirements for state statistics in terms of complexity, depth and forms of coverage of objects of statistical observation, quality and timeliness of information.
Objective and comprehensive monitoring of the economy and society from the point of view of the economic security of the Russian Federation should be carried out on the basis of an analysis of specific quantitative values of indicators of economic security.
To monitor the factors that determine internal and external threats economic interests individual, society and the state, the primary task is to create an organizational and information base.
2. Development of criteria and parameters (threshold values) for the economic security of the Russian Federation
In order to implement the State Strategy, quantitative and qualitative parameters (threshold values) of the state of the economy should be developed, beyond which the economic security of the country is threatened, characterizing:
dynamics and structure of the gross domestic product, indicators of volumes and rates industrial production, industry and regional structure economy and the dynamics of individual industries, capital investments etc;
the state of the natural resource, production and scientific and technical potential of the country;
ability economic mechanism adapt to changing internal and external factors (inflation rates, deficit state budget, the impact of external economic factors, the stability of the national currency, internal and external debt, etc.);
the state of the financial-budgetary and credit systems;
the quality of life of the population (gross domestic product per capita), the level of unemployment and income differentiation, the provision of the main groups of the population with material goods and services, the state of the environment, and the like.
Quantitative parameters should be developed not only for the country as a whole, but also for each of its regions. At the same time, the composition of criteria and indicators of the economic security of the Russian Federation by region should correspond with the corresponding composition of criteria and parameters in terms of the economy and national interests of Russia as a whole.
On the basis of the national interests in the field of economy formulated in the State Strategy, criteria and parameters of the economic security of the Russian Federation, measures are determined and mechanisms for the implementation of economic policy aimed at ensuring the economic security of the country are developed.
3. Activities of the state to ensure the economic security of the Russian Federation
The activities of the state to ensure the economic security of the Russian Federation are carried out in the following main areas:
1. Identification of cases when the actual or predicted parameters of economic development deviate from the threshold values of economic security, and the development of comprehensive government measures to exit the country from the danger zone.
Measures and mechanisms that ensure the economic security of the Russian Federation are developed simultaneously with state forecasts for its socio-economic development, and are implemented in the program for the socio-economic development of the Russian Federation.
2. Organization of work in order to implement a set of measures to overcome or prevent the emergence of threats to the economic security of the Russian Federation. During this work:
The Security Council of the Russian Federation is considering the concept federal budget in terms of ensuring the economic security of the state;
The Government of the Russian Federation coordinates the work of federal executive authorities, executive authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation in order to implement a set of measures to overcome or prevent threats to the economic security of the country, including in the preparation of legislative and other regulatory legal acts.
3. Examination of decisions made on financial and economic issues from the standpoint of the economic security of the Russian Federation. Legislative and other regulatory legal acts during their preparation, they must necessarily undergo an examination on the subject of the economic security of the Russian Federation. The procedure for conducting this examination is determined by the President of the Russian Federation.
The implementation of measures to eliminate threats to the economic security of the Russian Federation requires a system of control over their implementation. The control system should take into account the rights and responsibilities of the owner.
